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A History of Longines Watches, from the Pages of Watchtime Magazine

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A History of Longines Watches, from the Pages of Watchtime Magazine THE WORLD OF FINE WATCHES SPOTLIGHT www.watchtime.com A HISTORY OF LONGINES WATCHES, FROM THE PAGES OF WATCHTIME MAGAZINE LONGINES THE HISTORY OF LONGINES in the mountains. Messengers deliv- Pocket-watch (ca. 1840, with verge ered components that had been manu- escapement), similar to the ones built factured in the Swiss or French Jura re- in the comptoir of Agassiz & Cie. gion and then returned several weeks or months later to pick up and pay for the finished articles. Comptoir work- From Agassiz to Francillon Auguste Agassiz established a comptoir ers also encased movements and as- in 1832, thus laying the cornerstone for sembled dials and hands. Afterwards It was probably late in the summer of Longines Longines’ manufacturing the completed goods continued on 1852 when Ernest Francillon arrived site at the end of the 19th their way to customers. On February in Saint-Imier to begin working for century 25, 1833, Raiguel and Agassiz signed a the aforementioned watch comptoir. contract that established a business A nephew of Agassiz, Francillon had whose name can be translated as been born in Lausanne on July 10, Pioneering Spirit, “Raiguel Jeune & Co., Manufacture 1834. He was expected to join his and Trade with Watch es.” family’s business, a profitable ven- After Raiguel’s retirement, the re- ture trading in household and iron maining partners ran the business from goods. To prepare for this, he had November 1838 onward under the learned German in Stuttgart and had Precision and Elegance name “Agassiz & Compagnie.” The studied various aspects of bookkeep- excellent reputation of this company’s ing and economics. But at some timepieces extended far beyond the point, Agassiz’ calls for help became In 1832, Auguste Agassiz founded a comptoir that would a bank. During a business trip in the Swiss border. Its watches with cylinder so loud that Francillon’s father sent Jura region, Agassiz received an offer escapements, of which several thou- him to Saint-Imier, where he initially develop into the Longines company we know today. From from Henri Raiguel, with whom his sand were produced each year, were worked in the offices. He moved to 1852 to 1900, Ernest Francillon put the business on a path of uncle’s bank cultivated a very cordial even known in the New World. Môtiers in Val-de-Travers in June business relationship. Raiguel asked As specified in the contract, Agas- 1853, where he spent a year learning modernization leading toward its present-day significance. Agassiz to join him as a partner in his siz’ partner Florian Morel left the firm the fine points of manufacturing and comptoir d’etablissage. The 23-year- on December 31, 1846. Agassiz now selling watches. He accepted leader- old businessman didn’t wait for a sec- continued on his own, but after his ship responsibilities at Agassiz & Cie. Ernest Francillon enlarged Longines during Text: Gisbert L. Brunner ond invitation. On August 14, 1832, he wife’s death, and with his own health in 1854, working under the aegis of the second half of the 19th century became an active participant in the weakened, he moved to Lausanne at director Edouard Savoye, to whom very era has its mission, the Louis Rodolphe Agassiz and his wife watch business known as “Comptoir the beginning of the 1850s and left the he was related. fulfillment of which leads to Rose, was probably already occupy- Raiguel Jeune” in the village of Saint- operative management of his busi- Francillon married a pastor’s and under his own responsibility. On Ethe advancement of humanity, ing himself with the theme of watch- Imier, in Switzerland’s Jura Region. ness in the hands of Edouard Savoye. daughter named Ida Grosjean late in the morning of July 1, 1862, a new wrote Heinrich Heine in his Reise- es. Auguste Agassiz had been born in Comptoirs were small businesses Saint-Imier expressed its appreciation August 1857. The business in its sign appeared on the house at 11 bilder II (Additions to Travel Pictures) 1809. During the course of his voca- that acted as intermediaries between of Agassiz’ dedicated service to the previous form was dissolved in 1861. Agassiz Street. It read: “Ancienne in 1831 or thereabouts. This same year tional education, he worked for some various cottage industrialists, most of community by awarding him hon- One year later, Francillon began Maison Auguste Agassiz, Ernest Auguste Agassiz, the son of the pastor time in Neuchâtel, where his uncle ran whom still worked small farmsteads orary citizenship. directing the comptoir on his own Francillon, Successeur.” THE HISTORY OF LONGINES was the welcome fruit of his efforts. stream so that the planned machinery He was assisted by his uncle, who could be operated economically. contributed advice, constructive criti- Fate smiled on the ambitious busi- cism and shares of stock in the com- nessman in March 1866, when he was pany valued at hundreds of thou- able to purchase two neighboring sands of Swiss francs. plots of land not far from Saint-Imier, The comptoir was soon delivering on the shore of the Suze River. An en- more than 20,000 timepieces each tire year would pass before construc- year. The lion’s share of these pocket- tion work finally began in the spring watches were “Lépines” with cylin- of 1867. The masons labored and the der escapements, but higher-quality brick walls of the new building rose timepieces with Swiss lever escape- steadily. The permitted sluice was ments gradually acquired greater im- built above a waterfall and a 10-horse- portance. Francillon was also able to power turbine began to turn in June sell a remarkable number of petite 1867. Its power would be the vital The engineer: Jacques David enlarged the The etymology of the brand name: a map of Saint-Imier showing the “Longines” or ladies’ watches encasing 12-, 13- and force for an innovative machine park, factory and became technical director “Long Meadow” in the south of the town 14-ligne movements. which was primarily designed by the During this time, Francillon de- watchmaker Edouard Châtelain and voted considerable attention to find- the engineer Jacques David of Saint- Skillfully Overcoming protected trademark of this tradition- and dismayed by the subsequent ing a way to eliminate the winding- Quentin, who was the talented son of al manufacture. travel report, which offered him plen- key. Crown winding had been in exis- an industrialist. Because there were so Problems ty of food for thought. While in the tence since 1820 or thereabouts, but many tasks to be done, a typical Châtelain was a practical man, but his A Journey to Philadelphia USA, David had procured detailed Francillon wanted to integrate this workday lasted at least eleven hours. personality included idiosyncrasies information about the innovative principle into his inexpensive pocket- Gas lamps illuminated the factory that occasionally precipitated dis- Francillon’s never-say-die character manufacturing methods used there. watches. By 1867, he had achieved during the evenings. And it went putes between him and the engineer and strongly pioneering spirit were Thanks to these documents, he was this goal. All his movements operated without saying that the old-fashioned Jacques David. Despite their quarrels, manifest again in 1875. Well aware of able to include many notes and entirely without keys. Francillon was comptoir operation continued to run the duo created an exemplary produc- the progress brought about by the sketches in his final report, of which unpleasantly aware of the shortcom- simultaneously. tion facility that made efficient use of largely automated manufacturing Longines published a facsimile edi- ings of comptoir-style watchmaking, The gears finally began turning to the available water power. methods which were being practiced tion in 1992. which included limited ongoing qual- everyone’s satisfaction at the end of The ensuing years until 1873 were in the United States of America, he ini- David’s concluding remarks laud- ity control, delays in customer serv- 1867. The first components became anything but easy. Doubts about the tiated the creation of the “Société in- ed the outstanding quality of mer- ice, and the lack of a service-friendly available in March of the following future even sometimes plagued Agas- tercantonale des industries du Jura.” chandise manufactured using me- spare-parts stockpile. year. Francillon summarized: “We’ve siz. But with their unshakeable faith in This specialized commission occupied chanical production methodologies. Francillon wanted to replace the achieved a lot, but much still remains a successful outcome, Francillon and itself with the quest for solutions to the He praised the advantages of inter- mostly handmade individual time- undone.” He commuted constantly David persuaded Agassiz to continue problematic situation posed by the changeable, identical, perfectly fitting pieces with precise, serially manufac- between Saint-Imier and the “Lon - to be a limited partner. American competitors. The Société components, as well as the virtues of tured products. If the artisans and the gines.” On the one hand, unfinished Customers were thoroughly satis- dispatched a delegation, headed by well-organized working processes machines all worked under one roof, comptoir merchandise needed to be fied with the endurance, longevity David, to the New World in 1876. This and optimized quality-control meth- he reasoned, this would surely result completed and sold; on the other and precision of the manufacture’s was the year when the U.S. Congress, ods. He argued in favor of comfort- in greater competency and signifi- hand, he needed to administrate the own calibers. Faith in the potential to celebrate the first centennial of able temperatures in the production Longines pocket-watch, Cal. 18B, from 1869 cantly higher efficiency. It would factory.
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