DOCSLIB.ORG

Plasma and Nanomaterials: Fabrication and Biomedical Applications

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Plasma and Nanomaterials: Fabrication and Biomedical Applications nanomaterials Review Plasma and Nanomaterials: Fabrication and Biomedical Applications Nagendra Kumar Kaushik 1,* , Neha Kaushik 2, Nguyen Nhat Linh 1 , Bhagirath Ghimire 1 , Anchalee Pengkit 1, Jirapong Sornsakdanuphap 1, Su-Jae Lee 2,* and Eun Ha Choi 1,* 1 Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Applied Plasma Medicine Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea; [email protected] (N.N.L.); [email protected] (B.G.); [email protected] (A.P.); [email protected] (J.S.) 2 Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (N.K.K.); [email protected] (S.-J.L.); [email protected] (E.H.C.) Received: 17 December 2018; Accepted: 8 January 2019; Published: 14 January 2019 Abstract: Application of plasma medicine has been actively explored during last several years. Treating every type of cancer remains a difficult task for medical personnel due to the wide variety of cancer cell selectivity. Research in advanced plasma physics has led to the development of different types of non-thermal plasma devices, such as plasma jets, and dielectric barrier discharges. Non-thermal plasma generates many charged particles and reactive species when brought into contact with biological samples. The main constituents include reactive nitrogen species, reactive oxygen species, and plasma ultra-violets. These species can be applied to synthesize biologically important nanomaterials or can be used with nanomaterials for various kinds of biomedical applications to improve human health. This review reports recent updates on plasma-based synthesis of biologically important nanomaterials and synergy of plasma with nanomaterials for various kind of biological applications. Keywords: plasma; nanomaterials; nanomaterial synthesis; plasma liquid Interactions; non-thermal plasma; biomedical applications 1. Introduction In recent years, nanomaterials have received great attention due to their exclusive characteristics compared to their bulk counterparts. With extremely small size and high surface area, nanomaterials demonstrate great biological activities in the human body. Nanomaterials play crucial roles in biomedicine, with a wide range of applications such as drug delivery, cancer therapy or bioimaging. Nevertheless, our current understanding of nanomaterials’ behaviors in human health is still inadequate. Previous reports have claimed that nanomaterials could induce dangerous effects in living organisms. A reasonable explanation for this concern is that conventional chemical approaches for nanomaterial synthesis require toxic oxidants or reductants, which are essential for nanoparticle formation and stabilization. Therefore, an alternative toxic-chemical-free synthesis is important for nanotechnology development for biomedical applications. Currently, plasma technology is gaining great attention as a prominent “green” synthesis method for nanomaterials, due to its distinguishing properties when compared to solid, liquid and gas phase synthesis approaches. Furthermore, the combination of nanomaterials and plasma in biomedical applications demonstrates several synergistic effects and better treatment efficiency. A schematic diagram showing the synergistic relationship among plasmas, nanomaterials and their biomedical applications is shown in Figure1. The use of plasmas for biomedical applications has been explored in various ways in the last few Nanomaterials 2019, 9, 98; doi:10.3390/nano9010098 www.mdpi.com/journal/nanomaterials NanomaterialsNanomaterials2019 2019, 9, ,9 98, x FOR PEER REVIEW 22 of of 19 20 in various ways in the last few decades and have shown promising effects. The uses of decadesnanomaterials and have in shownbiomedical promising applications effects. are The also uses well of nanomaterials known. Recently, in biomedical synergistic applications effects of arenanomaterials also well known. and cold Recently, plasmas synergistic in biomedical effects applications of nanomaterials have been and colddiscovered. plasmas In in this biomedical article, a applicationsreview on the have relationship been discovered. between In plasma this article, and ananomaterials review on the is relationship presented. A between brief description plasma and of nanomaterialsnon‐thermal atmospheric is presented. pressure A brief plasmas description is included of non-thermal in Section atmospheric 2. In Section pressure 3, the synthesis plasmas isof includednanomaterials in Section using2. In different Section 3types, the synthesis of plasma of is nanomaterials summarized. using Section different 4 focuses types on of plasmathe current is summarized.advances related Section to 4the focuses synergistic on the effects current of advances plasma and related nanomaterials to the synergistic in biomedical effects of applications. plasma and nanomaterials in biomedical applications. FigureFigure 1. 1.The The synergistic synergistic relationship relationship among plasmas,among plasmas, nanomaterials nanomaterials and their biomedical and their applications. biomedical applications. 2. Overview of Non-Thermal Atmospheric Pressure Plasmas and Their Characteristics 2. Overview of Non‐Thermal Atmospheric Pressure Plasmas and Their Characteristics Physical plasmas are ionized gases which generally contain electrons, ions, neutrals, excited species,Physical electric plasmas field, reactive are ionized species, gases UV photons,which generally etc. They contain exist naturally electrons, in theions, universe neutrals, or canexcited be generatedspecies, electric within field, the laboratory reactive species, environment UV photons, in the earth. etc. They Production exist naturally of plasma in within the universe the laboratories or can be cangenerated be performed within through the laboratory dissociation environment of gas molecules in the with earth. electrical Production energy confinedof plasma between within two the electrodes.laboratories This can type be performed of plasma through can be produced dissociation at low of gas pressure, molecules as well with as electrical at atmospheric energy pressure. confined Plasmasbetween at two low pressureselectrodes. (such This as type inductively of plasma coupled can plasmas,be produced plasma at torches)low pressure, are generated as well inside as at vacuumatmospheric chambers pressure. and arePlasmas much suitableat low pressures for the uniform (such treatmentas inductively of objects. coupled They plasmas, are also plasma called thermaltorches) or are quasi-equilibrium generated inside low-temperature vacuum chambers plasmas, and are as themuch temperatures suitable for of the light uniform and heavy treatment species of areobjects. almost They the same.are also At called atmospheric thermal pressures, or quasi plasmas‐equilibrium (such low as‐ atmospherictemperature pressureplasmas, plasma as the jettemperatures discharges, of dielectric light and barrier heavy discharges species are (DBD)) almost could the same. be generated At atmospheric by ionizing pressures, a gas between plasmas two(such narrow as atmospheric electrodes pressure at ambient plasma environment jet discharges, and no dielectric expensive barrier vacuum discharges equipment (DBD)) is required. could be Atmosphericgenerated by pressure ionizing plasmas a gas are between also called two non-thermal narrow electrodes or non-equilibrium at ambient plasmas, environment as the electronand no temperatureexpensive vacuum is much higherequipment than ionsis required. or gas species Atmospheric and the temperaturepressure plasmas of gas speciesare also remains called closenon‐thermal to room or temperature. non‐equilibrium Both plasmas, thermal and as the non-thermal electron temperature plasmas can is bemuch used higher for the than synthesis ions or ofgas nanomaterials. species and the temperature of gas species remains close to room temperature. Both thermal and non‐thermal plasmas can be used for the synthesis of nanomaterials. 2.1. Non-Thermal Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Sources 2.1. Non-thermalNon‐Thermal Atmospheric atmospheric Pressure pressure Plasma plasmas Sources generated at atmospheric conditions can be utilized for theNon synthesis‐thermal of nanomaterials.atmospheric pressure Several typesplasmas of plasma generated devices, at atmospheric such as DBD conditions plasma or plasmacan be jet,utilized can be for used the synthesis for combinational of nanomaterials. treatments Several with types nanomaterials of plasma [ 1devices,]. The discharge such as DBD generated plasma in or plasma jet, can be used for combinational treatments with nanomaterials [1]. The discharge Nanomaterials 2019, 9, 98 3 of 19 Nanomaterials 2019, 9, x FOR PEER REVIEW 3 of 20 generatedthe ambient in the environment ambient environment can be used forcan the be modificationused for the modification of the surface of properties the surface of properties the materials of thethrough materials electrons, through ions, electrons, excited ions, species, excited reactive species, species, reactive UVs, species, etc., generated UVs, etc., through generated the through plasma. theAn plasma. overview An of non-thermaloverview of atmosphericnon‐thermal pressure atmospheric plasma pressure sources plasma and the sources reactive and species the generated reactive speciesby them generated is presented by them in this is section.presented in this section. 2.1.1.2.1.1. Dielectric Dielectric Barrier Barrier Discharge Discharge
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Modification Cleaning Bonding
    EXCIMER LAMP LIGHT SOURCE Bonding Cleaning Modification EXCIMER LAMP LIGHT SOURCE RESULTS * Data verified by in-house testing. ■Surface modification of various materials TLS B0019EA Modification 100 Irradiation distance: 2 mm 90 Irradiation time: 10 s Irradiation atmosphere: air Surface modification technology is 80 utilized in a wide range of industrial Before processing fields. Compared to ordinary techniques, 70 After processing material modification using excimer 60 lamps is considered precision modifica- 50 tion because it occurs via a chemical reaction on the atomic or molecular level. 40 Moreover, this is clean modification that 30 does not harm the material and generates 20 no dust particles, and so is effective in 10 fields requiring more advanced levels of CONTACT ANGLE TO PURE WATER (°) material modification. 0 PET TAC PPS PVA COP Acrylic Polyimide Glass epoxy Polyethylene Polypropylene Polycarbonate ■Surface modification of resin ■Bonding pre-processing (improve adhesiveness) Example: Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) + polyolefin (PO) 80° 3 15° Improved 2 about 3 times 1 Before excimer light irradiation After excimer light irradiation BONDING STRENGTH 0 Before processing After processing by excimer light by excimer light TLS B0013EA PRINCIPLE 1 Excimer lamp 2 Vacuum UV light In air O3 O(1D) O3 O(1D) O3 (Wavelength: 172 nm) 1 O2 O3 + O( D) Reaction O3 O(1D) O3 O(1D) O3 H HHH HHHH OH O OH COOH CCCC Resin material CCCC CCCC HHHH HHHH HHHH Vacuum UV light at a wavelength Bonds in material surface are Imparts hydrophilicity to the material of 172 nm generates ozone and simultaneously broken up by surface since chemical reaction active oxygen in large quantities.
    [Show full text]
  • New Applications with the EX-Mini Compact Excimer Lamp Light Source
    2015 01 INTERVIEW PAGE 6 New Applications with the EX-mini Compact Excimer Lamp Light Source OPTO-SEMICONDUCTOR PRODUCTS PAGE 15 ELECTRON TUBE PRODUCTS PAGE 19 SYSTEMS PRODUCTS PAGE 26 Low-noise MPPC for precision Deep UV light source – higher Easy-to-use – NanoZoomer-SQ measurement power than LED Digital Slide Scanner June 22-25, 2015 Munich, Germany Hall A2, Booth 303 PHOTONNOVATION Content Medical Life ScienceDrug DiscoveryMeasurementAnalytical Semicond. Prod.Optical CommsSecurity Industry ND InspectionAcademic Research OPTO-SEMICONDUCTOR PRODUCTS 15 MPPC®/MPPC Module S13360 Series, C13365/C13366 Series 16 CMOS Linear Image Sensor S13131 17 Mini-spectrometer C13053MA 18 InAsSb Photovoltaic Detector (Non-cooled Type) P13243 Series ELECTRON TUBE PRODUCTS 19 Deep UV Light Source (UVCL) L12848-305 20 Excimer Lamp Light Source L11751-01, E12499, C11997 21 Opto-Spectrum Generator L12194-00-34054 22 NIR-PMT Unit H12397-75 23 Fast Decay Time Phosphor J12782-09D SYSTEMS PRODUCTS 24 ORCA-Flash4.0 LT with W-VIEW Mode™ 26 NanoZoomer-SQ Digital Slide Scanner C13140-21 27 ImagEM X2-1K EM-CCD Camera C9100-24B LASER PRODUCTS 28 LD Irradiation Light Source (SPOLD) L11785-61 29 Super Luminescent Diode (SLD) L12856-04 CompaNY NEWS APPLICATION REPORT 4 Hamamatsu holds the IEEE Milestone dedication ceremony 10 Tumor detection in fluorescent tissue microarrays enables high-through- in recognition of 20-inch photomultiplier tubes put analysis of multiple cancer biomarkers 5 Hamamatsu establishes a new subsidiary to enhance sales 12 Investigations of emission
    [Show full text]
  • Development of Microplasmas and Analysis Of
    DEVELOPMENT OF MICROPLASMAS AND ANALYSIS OF COMPLEX BIOMOLECULES USING PLASMA AND SYNCHROTRON RADIATION A Thesis Presented to The Academic Faculty by Joshua Milbourne Symonds In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the School of Physics Georgia Institute of Technology August 2014 © Joshua Milbourne Symonds 2014 DEVELOPMENT OF MICROPLASMAS AND ANALYSIS OF COMPLEX BIOMOLECULES USING PLASMA AND SYNCHROTRON RADIATION Approved by: Dr. Thomas M. Orlando, Advisor Dr. Facundo M. Fernández School of Chemistry and Biochemistry School of Chemistry and Biochemistry Georgia Institute of Technology Georgia Institute of Technology Dr. Jennifer E. Curtis Dr. Edward H. Conrad School of Physics School of Physics Georgia Institute of Technology Georgia Institute of Technology Dr. Phillip N. First School of Physics Georgia Institute of Technology Date Approved: April 29, 2014 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS In the course of this work, I have primarily labored independently. That is not to say it has been a lonely experience: I have always enjoyed a strong support system, for which I am very grateful. As my advisor, Thom has given me the flexibility to pursue my curiosity, and provided unwavering support for my studies. I have been fortunate to have such a stable environment and so many opportunities to collaborate in the course of my research. My work in mass spectrometry has benefited immensely from my collaboration with Facundo Fernández and his group. He and Asiri Galhena helped me succeed in a highly interdisciplinary project, and contributed enormously to the chemical analysis in my research. I have had a great many wonderful colleagues that have helped me in innumerable ways since my first day in the lab.
    [Show full text]
  • Microplasma Stamps – an Atmospheric- Pressure Plasma Source for the Area- Selective Modification of Surfaces
    Microplasma Stamps – An Atmospheric- Pressure Plasma Source for the Area- Selective Modification of Surfaces Von der Fakultät für Maschinenbau der Technischen Universität Carolo-Wilhelmina zu Braunschweig zur Erlangung der Würde einer Doktor-Ingenieurin (Dr.-Ing.) genehmigte Dissertation von Dipl.-Ing. Nina Lucas aus Wolfsburg eingereicht am: 09.10.2008 mündliche Prüfung am: 18.12.2008 Referenten: Prof. Dr. S. Büttgenbach Prof. Dr. K.-H. Gericke Vorsitzender: Prof. Dr. C.-P. Klages 2009 https://doi.org/10.24355/dbbs.084-201901221456-0 https://doi.org/10.24355/dbbs.084-201901221456-0 Berichte aus der Mikro- und Feinwerktechnik herausgegeben von Prof. Dr. rer. nat. S. Büttgenbach Band 23 Nina Lucas Microplasma Stamps – An Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma Source for the Area-Selective Modification of Surfaces https://doi.org/10.24355/dbbs.084-201901221456-0 Shaker Verlag Aachen 2009 Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available in the Internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de. Zugl.: Braunschweig, Techn. Univ., Diss., 2008 Copyright Shaker Verlag 2009 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publishers. Printed in Germany. https://doi.org/10.24355/dbbs.084-201901221456-0 ISBN 978-3-8322-8008-6 ISSN 1433-1438 Shaker Verlag GmbH • P.O. BOX 101818 • D-52018 Aachen Phone: 0049/2407/9596-0 • Telefax: 0049/2407/9596-9 Internet: www.shaker.de • e-mail: [email protected] Meinen Eltern Man kann nicht in die Zukunft schauen, aber man kann den Grund für etwas Zukünftiges legen, denn Zukunft kann man bauen.
    [Show full text]
  • A Review of Recent Advances of Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma in Catalysis
    nanomaterials Review A Review of Recent Advances of Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma in Catalysis Ju Li 1, Cunhua Ma 1,*, Shengjie Zhu 1, Feng Yu 1 , Bin Dai 1 and Dezheng Yang 2,3 1 Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; [email protected] (J.L.); [email protected] (S.Z.); [email protected] (F.Y.); [email protected] (B.D.) 2 Laboratory of Plasma Physical Chemistry, School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; [email protected] 3 Key Laboratory of Ecophysics, College of Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-0993-205-8775 Received: 28 August 2019; Accepted: 21 September 2019; Published: 9 October 2019 Abstract: Dielectric barrier discharge plasma is one of the most popular methods to generate nanthermal plasma, which is made up of a host of high-energy electrons, free radicals, chemically active ions and excited species, so it has the property of being prone to chemical reactions. Due to these unique advantages, the plasma technology has been widely used in the catalytic fields. Compared with the conventional method, the heterogeneous catalyst prepared by plasma technology has good dispersion and smaller particle size, and its catalytic activity, selectivity and stability are significantly improved. In addition, the interaction between plasma and catalyst can achieve synergistic effects, so the catalytic effect is further improved. The review mainly introduces the characteristics of dielectric barrier discharge plasma, development trend and its recent advances in catalysis; then, we sum up the advantages of using plasma technology to prepare catalysts.
    [Show full text]
  • Fastest Formation Routes of Nanocarbons in Solution Plasma
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Fastest Formation Routes of Nanocarbons in Solution Plasma Processes Received: 18 August 2016 Tetsunori Morishita1, Tomonaga Ueno1,2,3, Gasidit Panomsuwan2, Junko Hieda1, Accepted: 24 October 2016 Akihito Yoshida1, Maria Antoaneta Bratescu1 & Nagahiro Saito1,2,3 Published: 14 November 2016 Although solution-plasma processing enables room-temperature synthesis of nanocarbons, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. We investigated the routes of solution-plasma- induced nanocarbon formation from hexane, hexadecane, cyclohexane, and benzene. The synthesis rate from benzene was the highest. However, the nanocarbons from linear molecules were more crystalline than those from ring molecules. Linear molecules decomposed into shorter olefins, whereas ring molecules were reconstructed in the plasma. In the saturated ring molecules, C–H dissociation proceeded, followed by conversion into unsaturated ring molecules. However, unsaturated ring molecules were directly polymerized through cation radicals, such as benzene radical cation, and were converted into two- and three-ring molecules at the plasma–solution interface. The nanocarbons from linear molecules were synthesized in plasma from small molecules such as C2 under heat; the obtained products were the same as those obtained via pyrolysis synthesis. Conversely, the nanocarbons obtained from ring molecules were directly synthesized through an intermediate, such as benzene radical cation, at the interface between plasma and solution, resulting in the same products as those obtained via polymerization. These two different reaction fields provide a reasonable explanation for the fastest synthesis rate observed in the case of benzene. Liquid-phase plasma1–5 has attracted the attention of several researchers engaged in plasma science, especially for applications involving materials and water treatment6–10.
    [Show full text]
  • Applications of Dielectric Barrier Discharge Microplasma Kazuo Shimizu, Jaroslav Kristof and Marius Gabriel Blajan
    Chapter Applications of Dielectric Barrier Discharge Microplasma Kazuo Shimizu, Jaroslav Kristof and Marius Gabriel Blajan Abstract Dielectric barrier discharge microplasma is a nonthermal plasma discharge at atmospheric pressure which due to the micrometer size dielectric layer between the grounded and high-voltage energized electrodes enables to drive the device at less than 1 kV. Microplasma is an economical and ecological alternative for conven- tional technologies used for NOx removal, indoor air cleaning, surface treatment of polymers, biomedical applications such as transdermal drug delivery, or as an actuator. In this chapter, microplasma applications such as indoor air purification, skin treatment for drug delivery, particle removal, and flow control are presented. Keywords: dielectric barrier discharge, microplasma, indoor air purification, plasma drug delivery, particle removal, electrohydrodynamic flow, plasma actuator 1. Introduction Microplasma is a term used typically for referring to gas discharges that have dimensions ranging from few micrometers up to few millimeters. The breakdown voltage which is the voltage that is required to ignite a discharge depends on the product of pressure p and discharge gap d, that is also known as the Paschen curve. According to the Paschen curve, at atmospheric pressure, the breakdown volt- age can be kept at low values if the discharge gap is below 1 mm. Thus the typical operating parameters of microplasmas (pressures up to and exceeding 1 atmosphere and discharge gaps below 1 mm) correspond to the values of p and d product simi- lar to the values of the large-volume low-pressure plasmas but with much higher energy densities [1–3]. The microplasma presented in this chapter is a nonthermal plasma discharge at atmospheric pressure.
    [Show full text]
  • Supply Systems of Non-Thermal Plasma Reactors. Construction Review with Examples of Applications
    applied sciences Review Supply Systems of Non-Thermal Plasma Reactors. Construction Review with Examples of Applications Henryka Danuta Stryczewska Department of Electrical Engineering and Electrotechnology, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Poland; [email protected]; Tel.: +48-85384289 Received: 4 March 2020; Accepted: 27 April 2020; Published: 7 May 2020 Featured Application: Review presents power supply systems of non-thermal plasma reactors for industrial applications with examples where they have already been applied as energy-efficient, low cost and reliable systems. Abstract: A review of the supply systems of non-thermal plasma reactors (NTPR) with dielectric barrier discharge (DBD), atmospheric pressure plasma jets (APPJ) and gliding arc discharge (GAD) was performed. This choice is due to the following reasons: these types of electrical discharges produce non-thermal plasma at atmospheric pressure, the reactor design is well developed and relatively simple, the potential area of application is large, especially in environmental protection processes and biotechnologies currently under development, theses reactors can be powered from similar sources using non-linear transformer magnetic circuits and power electronics systems, and finally, these plasma reactors and their power supply systems, as well as their applications are the subject of research conducted by the author of the review and her team from the Department of Electrical Engineering and Electrotechnology of the Lublin University of Technology, Poland. Keywords: non-thermal plasma reactors (NTPR); dielectric barrier discharge (DBD); gliding arc discharge (GAD); atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ); special transformers; discharge ignition; RF power supply; AC/DC/AC inverters; pulsed supply; resonance power supply 1. Introduction Non-thermal plasma, commonly known as “cold”, has been used for almost two hundred years.
    [Show full text]
  • Applications of Nonthermal Microplasmas in Chemical Reaction Engineering
    AN ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION OF Peter B. Kreider for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Chemical Engineering presented on September 11, 2015. Title: Applications of Nonthermal Microplasmas in Chemical Reaction Engineering Abstract approved: ______________________________________________________ Alexandre F.T. Yokochi Nonthermal plasmas generate high concentrations of excited species that can simultaneously exist at high energy and far from thermodynamic equilibrium, making them useful tools in chemistry and engineering. Microplasmas, roughly defined as plasmas that are generated within sub-millimeter dimensions, provide enhanced stability, improved excited species density, increased nonequilibrium properties, higher electron temperature, and better energy efficiency along with reduced onset voltages compared to traditional nonthermal plasmas, making them promising candidates for novel chemical processing pathways. This work summarizes current knowledge regarding the advantages gained by generating nonthermal microplasmas in constricted spaces, on reduced timescales, and with engineered electrodes. Those insights are then used in the experimental evaluation of DC microplasma reaction systems in methane processing and the oxidation of model refractory sulfur compounds in fuel-like media. The reaction environment generated by nonthermal plasmas is well suited for the activation of non-spontaneous gas phase reactions. Here, a microreactor capable of generating low power atmospheric pressure glow discharges is used in methane processing. The reactor effectively performs oxidative methane coupling to C2 and C3 hydrocarbons with methane conversions up to 50% and selectivity to C2/C3 products greater than 90%, achieving one pass yields that surpass state-of-the-art catalysis. The generation of DC nonthermal plasmas in fuel-like media for the oxidative desulfurization of dibenzothiphene has also been investigated.
    [Show full text]
  • Indoor Air Control by Microplasma
    26 Indoor Air Control by Microplasma Kazuo Shimizu Shizuoka University Japan 1. Introduction Sick-Building Syndrome (SBS) has become an environmental issue worldwide in recent decades (P. Burge, 2004). Much research on this syndrome has been carried out. Generally, it is known that since buildings became more airtight for improvement of air-conditioning and heating, the effect of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) diffusions from building materials has increased, causing many symptoms of SBS. Control of these indoor air pollutants is necessary to maintain Indoor Air Quality (IAQ). Recently, Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) is recognized as an important factor of home and building construction (P. Wolkoff, G. D.Nielsen, 2001). Formaldehyde (HCHO) is one of the most common indoor VOCs. This substance is emitted from resins, plastics and often building materials, such as plywood, chipboard, and paneling, and is one of the main causes of SBS (H. Yoshino, 2004). Indoor air contaminants which worsen IAQ are characterized by the presence of not only VOCs, but also of fungus and bacteria, various malodorous substances and Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) etc. VOCs such as formaldehyde (HCHO) are well known as a cause of sick building syndrome (A. Seki et al., 2007). Indoor air concentration of HCHO is regulated at 0.08 ppm by Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (MHLW) in Japan. Decompositions of VOCs by nonthermal plasma technique have been researched recently (A. Koutsospyros et al., 2004; D. Li et al., 2002; K. N. Faungnawakji et al., 2004; K. Urashima and J. S. Chang, 2000; T. Oda et al., 2004; Y.-H.
    [Show full text]
  • Resonant Behaviour of Pulse Generators for the Efficient Drive of Optical Radiation Sources Based on Dielectric Barrier Discharges
    Michael Meißer Resonant Behaviour of Pulse Generators for the Efficient Drive of Optical Radiation Sources Based on Dielectric Barrier Discharges Resonant Behaviour of Pulse Generators Generators Resonant Pulse Behaviour of Michael MeißerMichael Michael Meißer Resonant Behaviour of Pulse Generators for the Efficient Drive of Optical Radiation Sources Based on Dielectric Barrier Discharges Resonant Behaviour of Pulse Generators for the Efficient Drive of Optical Radiation Sources Based on Dielectric Barrier Discharges by Michael Meißer Dissertation, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) Fakultät für Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, 2013 Impressum Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) KIT Scientific Publishing Straße am Forum 2 D-76131 Karlsruhe www.ksp.kit.edu KIT – Universität des Landes Baden-Württemberg und nationales Forschungszentrum in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Diese Veröffentlichung ist im Internet unter folgender Creative Commons-Lizenz publiziert: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/de/ KIT Scientific Publishing 2013 Print on Demand ISBN 978-3-7315-0083-4 Resonant Behaviour of Pulse Generators for the Efficient Drive of Optical Radiation Sources Based on Dielectric Barrier Discharges Resonanzverhalten von Pulsgeneratoren zum effizienten Betrieb von optischen Strahlungsquellen basierend auf der Dielektrisch Behinderten Entladung Zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines DOKTOR-INGENIEURS von der Fakultät für Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik des Karlsruher Instituts für Technologie (KIT) genehmigte
    [Show full text]
  • Plasma: from Materials to Emerging Technologies
    applied sciences Editorial Plasma: From Materials to Emerging Technologies Mirosław Dors Institute of Fluid Flow Machinery, Polish Academy of Sciences, 80231 Gda´nsk,Poland; [email protected] 1. Introduction Interest in plasma as a tool in various technological processes has been growing for several decades. This is because of the special advantage of plasma, which is the immediate generation of chemically active radicals. There are also other advantages of plasma, which depend on its source, e.g., low or high temperature (dielectric barrier discharge vs. plasmatrons), large or small volume (electron beam chambers vs. microplasma), high or low homogeneity (low pressure radio-frequency plasma vs. corona discharge), etc. It is no wonder that plasma is used in so many areas, starting with the synthesis of ozone initiated by Werner von Siemens in 1857, through the activation of material surfaces and flow control by actuators and electrohydrodynamic pumps, to the latest applications related to medicine, environmental protection and stopping climate change. The objective of this Special Issue is to collect reports on the design and characteriza- tion of plasma methods which are or can be used in various types of technologies, especially those that solve contemporary problems regarding materials, energy and the environment. 2. Review of Issue Contents The Special Issue is composed of seven papers covering numerical and experimental research on different aspects related to plasma applications. Here they are introduced in five specific categories that emerge after their reading. Citation: Dors, M. Plasma: From 2.1. Plasma Sources Materials to Emerging Technologies. Martines et al. [1] designed a helical resonator for radio-frequency plasma generation Appl.
    [Show full text]