Does Phi Beta Kappa Discourage Excellence?

1963

Upward Trend Seen Justices, Scholarship, Contests, and Books: in Corporate Contributions Highlights of an Active Association

to Higher Education session," "Court must be in someone tive committee and special committees in "so of the Justices are addition to its elected officers. In In quipped, many reguarly 1962, businesses contributed $200 here." So they were. But the Justices were the fall, members of the Association met million to higher education. By 1970 meeting in a room not the court for dinner and heard Dr. Juanita Kreps, corporations are expected to make con dining room and wore suits not legal robes. professor of economics at Duke Univer tributions in excess of they $500 million, that Intellect." For three of the seven Justices of the sity, discuss "The Allocation of is, if corporation contributions continue North Carolina Supreme Court were at At the spring dinner meeting, members to rise at the current rate. At the present tending the spring dinner meeting of the listened to Dr. William G. Carleton who time, corporation contributions represent Wake Association. At the dinner spoke on "American Foreign in 16 per cent of County Policy the more than one billion Perspective." meeting, Justice Susie was intro Dr. Carleton appeared dollars contributed to colleges and uni Sharp duced as a new member of the Associa under the auspices of the Phi Beta Kappa versities from all sources of voluntary tion Dillard Marshal-Libr Associates. support. by Gardner, arian of the Supreme Court. Justice Each year the Association honors the These figures and estimates come from was appointed last year to the senior from each of the high the Council for Financial Aid to Educa Sharp top-ranking Supreme Court by Governor Terry San schools in the county. The top-ranking tion (CFAE) which recently published ford. She is the first woman in North seniors are invited to the spring dinner a brief but important booklet entitled Years.1 Carolina to be appointed to the State meeting and presented with certificates. After Ten After Ten Years traces Supreme Court and the fourth woman in Each senior sits with three members of the contributions made by 3 1 corpora tions2 the United States to receive that high the Association. This arrangement gives to colleges and universities over a honor. Welcoming Justice into the the members an opportunity to talk with (Continued on back cover) Sharp Association were two other Justices, Jus the students about their future plans. tice Clifton L. Moore (retiring president The Association also conducts an essay 1 After Ten Years. Council for Financial of the Association) and Justice William contest for high school students. The win Aid to Education, Inc. New York. 1963. ner of the contest - H. Bobbitt. essay is invited to the American Can Company, American dinner and Cyanamid Company, Armstrong Cork Com A unique situation? Certainly, but one spring meeting presented with pany, The Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe that this Association can easily take in a $25 check. The teacher of the winning E. I. du Pont de Nemours Railway System, stride. The Wake County Association is student is sent a $5 book-purchase certifi & Company, The Eastman Kodak Company, vigorous and active. Composed of 73 cate. By chance, the two students receiv Equitable Life Assurance Society of the U.S., execu- first and second honorable mention in First National City Bank of New York, members, the Association has an ing the contest this year were present because they were also the top-ranking seniors in different high schools. The coded essays are read by a college professor of English who does not know the names of the stu dents, the schools, or the teachers. Over the years, the awards and honorable men tions have always gone to students of only four of the many teachers of high school English in Wake County.

In addition to these activities, the Association has a book committee which

collects books to send to school and uni versity libraries in countries in Asia where there is a need for books in English. This

year the book committee received an ur gent call from a school in the Philippines that had no books in its library. The books were speedily collected and sent. Three college libraries and one seminary North Carolina Supreme Court Justices Clifton L. Moore (L) and William J. Bobbitt cooperate books to welcome Justice Susie Sharp into the Phi Beta Kappa Association of Wake County. library by donating Photo courtesy of News and Observer, Raleigh, N. C. the book committee.

www.pbk.org Does Phi Beta Kappa Discourage Excellence?

CHARLES D. HOUNSHELL

ment." Phi Beta Kappa has long been thought The more difficult question is whether And he added, "I think that demo of as a synonym for excellence in the we can have both equality and liberty, cratic communities have a natural taste liberal arts. But as one of its members, I equality and diversity, equality and ex for freedom; left to themselves, they will would like to consider some questions that cellence. In political history, as Professor seek it, cherish it, and view any privation may prove embarrassing. Are we mem Gordon Wright has observed, French of it with regret. But for equality, their bers because we have ability to conform to democrats of the eighteenth century used passion is ardent, insatiable, incessant, in the expectations of our professors, be a slogan containing both liberty and vincible; they call for equality in freedom; cause we can recall specific knowledge, equality; but they did not resolve the ques and if they cannot obtain that, they still and because we are able to solve problems tion as to whether democrats, once in call for equality in slavery. They will by the mechanical application of accepted power, should aim at liberty or equality endure poverty, servitude, barbarism, but

aristocracy." formulas? Are there those who are not as the fundamental good. If liberty is to they will not endure here because they did not conform to the be the main end of government, then by In education too we have placed the expectations of their professors, perhaps one definition of the term, the central primary emphasis on equality on stand even because they are creative, inventive purpose of democrats should be to set ardization and on success as measured students who can visualize a variety of limits upon governmental authority gov formal grades. Permit me to give you solutions to a given problem or who can ernment should pursue a laissez faire by a caricature of our penchant for clear- equality see the impossibility of giving any policy. But if equality is to be the highest and standardization entitled "Fable for cut answer to the questions as are then positive governmental action they value, Makers" Curriculum written Ernest stated? Beta a reward might be essential as a force to by Is Phi Kappa for leveling Fleischer1 and published in that re superior performance in the academic keep certain individuals or groups from markable periodical the West Virginia goose step? other individuals. As you oppressing know, Hillbilly.2 this split was reflected in the contradictory In education, as in the broader realm of doctrines of Montesquieu and Rousseau. Gulliver found himself in Nonanthro- the social order, it is necessary and desir For Montesquieu and his followers, liberty poidia as a consultant on curriculum to able that there be a balance between could be assured gov only by dissipating those who had decided to do something authority and freedom and between ernmental authority through a separation noteworthy to meet the problems of the equality and excellence. Education re of powers, a system of checks and bal education of the student in the land. quires the of specific knowledge mastery self- ances, a considerable grant of local and the of formulas, as well as All the and skills learning government. For the disciples of Rous information, facts, in swim indeed prior to the ability to visualize a involved running, climbing, seau, power could not be dissipated in ming, and flying were to be included in variety of solutions to a given problem. such fashion but must rest uninhibited in the curriculum. This would help every Education involves adherence to the the sovereign majority. The partisans of student because the courses could be canons of an academic discipline, as well described in the catalogue. This liberty aimed to "render government as simply as original, creative, and imaginative would, also, help every faculty member powerless as is compatible with the nearly because there would be a circumference thinking. Education involves uniform re activ most urgent dictates of associated for the curriculum and each course de quirements, a common experience, stand ity," even at the risk of permitting such scription would be filed in the central ardized curricula and tests, as well as office. And best of if all the animals evils as social inequality or injustice. The all, a unique experience, individual took all the subjects, it would help the electives, partisans of aimed to wipe out equality administrator. and evaluation. In the educa tutoring social (and perhaps economic) inequality, tional world as in the political world, The even if they had to ride roughshod over records of the students for the freedom is meaningful only within a the rights and desires of minority groups. preceding year were reviewed. framework of authority or order. The scholar" The duck was phrase "undisciplined contains The equalitarian ideal of Rousseau and excellent in swimming but he made only passing grades in fly an obvious contradiction. Robespierre persisted and found new ing, and was very poor in running. To champions in the but the parti Marxists, compensate for the lack of flexibility in sans of liberty dominated the democratic the curriculum and since he could not current in France the nineteenth get advanced placement or independent Hounshell is Associate Dean during Charles D. of work in he was assigned to century. One political thinker in the swimming, the College Arts and Sciences and Asso of a remedial laboratory in running. This ciate Professor Political Science at liberal tradition visited America in the of Emory continued regularly until his webbed University. He is on leave from Uni 1830's and made some Emory early penetrating feet were badly worn and he was only for the academic year 1962-1963 to versity comments on the relationship between average in swimming. But average was for the serve as National Representative acceptable and low and liberty. Alexis de Tocque he had received a National Foun equality Woodrow Wilson Fellowship passing grade low, but in ville observed that "Men to passing dation. This article was originally delivered desired be as an address Mr. Hounshell to the Phi free in order to be able to make them by 1 Kappa chapter at University. Professor of English at the Fashion In Bela Emory selves equal, and, in proportion as equality The article also appeared in the West Vir stitute of State of established itself with aid Technology, University the of liberty, it New ginia Vol. Ill, No. 46, November York. Hillbilly, " made more difficult of attain 17, 1962. liberty December 16, 1961, p. 13.

THE KEY REPORTER

www.pbk.org running. He came through with low fly The pendulum in higher education is News from the Chapters ing colors. This was important because swinging away from an emphasis on he wanted to transfer to a penguin div COLORADO COLLEGE. The Phi Beta standardization and equalitarianism and a college with a third ing university Kappa chapter at Colorado College held and fourth year. He took this special grades. The academic lock step is being its annual dinner and initiation on Febru transfer course, with special material broken. Early admissions, advanced withheld from terminal be 14 at the Cheyenne Mountain students, placement, exemption by examination are ary Country cause its quality was higher. But nobody Club. Almost a hundred members, common practices. to one sur worried about the special and major According parents and close friends of the honors programs for the alumni, talent, except, perhaps, the duck. vey, intellectual initiates gathered to witness the initiation elite are in existence in 196 senior col The rabbit started at the of the of the twenty-one new members. After top leges. There is great these class in but had to make so variety among running up the initiation dinner was served programs. Some start with fresh ceremony, much work in swimming that he suf entering at the club. The speaker was Max Power, fered a series of neuroses, experienced a men, some are confined to the senior year. who was elected to in Phi breakdown, and had to quit school. . . . They may involve special sections and membership Beta Kappa as a Junior last year and who courses, honors seminars and The squirrel was excellent in climbing colloquia, was recently chosen Rhodes Scholar. and did not develop a set of frustrations research and independent study oppor WHITMAN COLLEGE. On March in flying . . . but the psychologist who tunities, tutorials, theses, oral and written 6, interviewed him before he became an comprehensive examinations. The com Whitman College and the Beta of Wash attrition figure said he was an atypical mon denominator honors pro ington joined in sponsoring an Academic student who imposed negative values among grams that the student able Recognition Banquet. The banquet was upon himself. . . . is individual is established to honor students Freshmen to progress as rapidly as his capabilities The eagle was a good student because permit in areas of interest to him. through Seniors who had demonstrated of his ability to run and to climb, and outstanding scholarship on the basis of to fly. He did not have to worry about cumulative grade achievement. Over 100 swimming because another accredited In the honors program at the Uni institution had exempted him in swim students qualified as guests and 50 versity of Virginia, for example, all of the nearly ming with an acceptable grade. He was and staff members and towns student's time in the junior and senior faculty a problem, and was disciplined though, attended. years are people The banquet was held because he wanted to use his talents devoted to independent study at the club. The idea for the rather freely. He had to remain within normally involving the writing of a num country the direct supervision of the instructor. banquet came from the combined efforts ber of papers and culminating in the writ After all, it was felt, what's a school for, of the officials of the college and the ing of a thesis. Instead of meeting formal if the student is not within the teacher's chapter to tribute such classes and periodic publicly pay to reach? For instance, in climbing he taking examinations, students. The program for the insisted on his own way in getting there. the student reads under the direction of a evening an statement the tutor for a period of two years. At the end included opening from At the end of the year, an abnormal president of of this time he is examined a com Whitman College, Louis B. eel who could swim by exceptionally well, recognition of the mittee; a of the members are Perry; achievement of could climb, could fly a little of each majority the students the dean of the had the best ratio. He was vale professors from other universities. In the by college, Paul J. Jackson; and the presentation of dictorian. honors program at Emory a senior may the new Phi Beta Kappa members the devote approximately one-third of his by Our emphasis on grades is underscored time to independent study. president of the chapter, Richard M. Oscar Handlin in an article in the by Suinn. Dr. Walter Brattain, physicist, 1962 issue of the Atlantic entitled May Nobel prizewinner and Whitman gradu Education?" it is possible to go too far in the Colleges Certainly "Are Killing delivered the main address. this direction. Liberal education requires ate, Handlin says that today's students are so BOSTON UNIVERSITY. The annual a common purpose, a common experi concerned with high grades that making Phi Beta Kappa of of ence, an extensive common body of Scholarship $800 and common standards fered by the chapter at Boston University "They cannot afford the sense of the knowledge, by was awarded to Linda Marie a tentativeness of knowledge, of the im which to judge performance. But it is Audette, perfection of existing formulations. a paradox that honors programs which Junior. In April, the chapter held a din against the clock, they must Writing are designed to encourage excellence and ner for the initiates. The major professors always put the cross in the right box Phi Beta Kappa which is thought of as a of the initiates were invited to attend as and round out the essay with an affirma were the members whom the tive conclusion. With what pain, if recognition of excellence should seem to faculty ini ever at will learn how to know tiates felt had been most influential all, they be working at cross purposes. Honors in what do not know, how to probe academic they programs encourage students to probe their development. alone beyond the limits of what is WHEATON beyond their to seek understand COLLEGE. The Kappa of handed to them, how to be creative depth, Massachusetts held its annual banquet original thinkers! By the time they ing, to discount formal grades. Because of carry their diplomas away, they will its emphasis on grade averages, Phi Beta and initiation on March 15. The speaker have missed an education that experi for the was Kappa encourages some students to play evening Holland Hunter, Pro ence which, by the exposure of one it safe, to plan their programs for the fessor of Economics at Haverford Col mind to the thinking of others, creates who spoke on "The Control of Un not answers but a lifetime of ques purpose of compiling a good grade aver lege, Arms." tions."3 age, to shun advanced placement and known The public was invited to honors programs. hear Mr. Hunter. The chapter awarded Our standardizing, classifying, and a $400 scholarship for graduate study to grading all students on the identical scale, If Phi Beta Kappa is not to discourage Nancy A. Thompson, class of 1963. The says puts a premium on malle Handlin, chapter also presented the Freshman excellence, it must reward the student Phi ability, upon accommodation to existing who strives to set new standards as well Beta Kappa book prize to Pamela Hobart. expectations, upon the qualities of getting as the student who is able to meet exist WAKE FOREST COLLEGE. The Delta along. The good is he who matches boy of North Carolina held a dinner for out- teachers' ing standards. And those of us who are up to his previously formed members of Phi Beta Kappa should standingSophomores. Afterthe dinner, the standards. But is he the one likely to grow not let the glitter of our keys pre public was invited to hear the speaker of into the man of achievement? vent us from becoming men and women the evening, C. Vann Woodward, Sterling 1 Vol. 209, p. 43. of achievement. Professor of History at Yale University.

SUMMER, 1963 www.pbk.org Books by Members of the Book Committee

Summer reading is supposed to be light Politics, published by Macmillan ($7.50). and frivolous but for those of you who want This book is designed to serve as a guide The UNIVERSITY of the SEVEN SEAS to be stimulated, provoked, as well as en to analyzing some of the contemporary is Affiliated with Springfield College tertained, you may want to read the follow sues of international politics. There are five 1963-64 Academic Year ing books that have been written by some major sections: The Setting of International of the members of the book committee over Politics; Basic Factors Affecting the Posi Your University Afloat With The the past year. JOHN our tions Policies of The World As Its Campus! COURNOS, fine and, State; Formulation First Semester$1990* arts critic, has written some poems with the and Shaping of Foreign Policy; Instruments Around-the-World. 110 DAYS. 21,678 MILES. engaging title, With Hey Ho . . . and The and Patterns of Foreign Policy; Organizing Price with now International includes passage, cabin, meals, shore trips, tuition Man The Spats. Mr. Cournos, 82, the Community. GEORGE began these poems when he was 79. N. our reviewer in Sailing at 4 p.m., Oct. 22, 1963, from Pier 40 in New writing SHUSTER, philosophy York City, aboard the motorship Seven Seas, with a The publisher is Astra Books and the book and religion, has a book coming out in student passenger-list of 500 or more and a faculty of 35 visiting 22 ports of call in 16 countries. Itinerary: 11/1-Lis- will be distributed by Twayne Publishers in October entitled UNESCO: A Challenge to bon. 11/5-Barcelona. 11/7-Cannes. 11/9-Vecchia. 11/12- September ($3.50). ROY F. who U.S. Policy. UNESCO is Naples. 11/17-Pireaus. U/21-Beirut. 11/25-Alexandria. NICHOLS, being published 11/28-Port Said. 11/29-Suez. 12/9-Bombay. 12/17-Colombo. reviews books in American history, has writ Harper & Row for the Council on Foreign 12/23-Port Swettenham. 12/25-Singapore. 12/29-Bangkok by 1/2-Saigon. 1/6-Hong Kong. 1/10-Keelung. 1/14-Kobe. ten Blueprints for Leviathan: American Relations p. $1.45). Mr. Shuster is 1/19- ($2.95, Yokohama. 1/31-Honolulu. 2/8-San Diego. Total of published ($6.50). well qualified to write about 48'.i days m port. Thanksgiving in Alexandria; Christmas Style, by Atheneum In UNESCO, as in Singapore; New Year's Eve on en shipboard, route Bang the to ex often represented kok to foreword his book, Mr. Nichols he has the United States Saigon. Matriculation Ceremonies aboard ship, ap proaching San Diego, night of Feb. 7. Arrival, 8 a.m plains his purpose: in the general conference and on the execu Feb. 8. tive board of UNESCO. Mr. Shuster has ?PASSAGE FEE (minimum $1990 per person) includes also written cabin, meals, passage (in 4-or-6-berth the first chapter, "The Nature dormitories as as "This book is an effort to explain the signed), required field trips ashore and tuition. For 2 and Development of United States Cultural persons in 2-berth each. problems connected with cabin, $2390 Undergraduates the invention, Relations" may register for 12 to 15V4 units of to Cultural Affairs and Foreign study; graduates, the construction, and the adjustment of from 9 to 12 units. To facilitate investigation of transfer edited Robert Blum and pub credit, we are happy to furnish material and information Leviathan, particularly those that have Relations, by for your land-based university or college. been associated with the legislative proc lished by Prentice-Hall ($3.95, p. $1.95). ess in rather than the This book summarizes and analyzes the in ACADEMIC COURSES OFFERED self-government, usual historical concern over the execu ternational cultural activities of the * United HISTORY LANGUAGES * LITERATURE tive. . . . in MATHEMATICS ECONOMICS * SOCIOLOGY Periodically, particularly States. ROBERT B. HEILMAN, who re CURRENT AFFAIRS JOURNALISM * LAW times of stress, it is well to review the * * * views books in English edited ART MUSIC THEATRE DANCE * RADIO-TV literature, nature and art of produc POLITICAL * history of the SCIENCE EDUCATION PSYCHOLOGY Thomas Hardy's Mayor of Casterbridge SALESMANSHIP GEOGRAPHY * MARKETING ing constitutional documents and laws, SPEECH RELIGION PHILOSOPHY (95

resident son of Africa and World published Aside from the Deans and headquarters staff, Order, " changes almost . the University's faculty completely. I by Praeger ($7.50, p. $1.75). Contributors every voyage. Courses offered also change, with the excep 1811 N. W.

THE KEY REPORTER www.pbk.org HUMANITIES France in 1940; a combination of intense Guy A. Cardwell John Cournos drama and good history. Robert B. Heilman George N. Shuster The Price of Glory. By Alistair Home. St. READING SOCIAL SCIENCES Martin's. $5.95. Leonard W. Doob Frederick B. Artz Brilliant account of the titanic World War I Recommended Lawrence H. Chamberlain Norman J. Padelford battle at Verdun. Earl W. Count Lawrence A. Cremin Louis C. Hunter Roy F. Nichols Dare Call It Treason. By Richard M. Watt. by the Simon and Schuster. $5.95. NATURAL SCIENCES Fascinating tale of great French army mutiny Book Committee Marston Bates Kirtley F. Mather of 1917.

America and Women. By Marjorie R. Long- well. Dorrance. $3. HHHBHHHHHHHHHHHH Good short biographies of seven representa

LAWRENCE H. CHAMBERLAIN work of a particular sociologist who in the tive and important American women. author's judgment has made a signal con Jurisprudence: Realism in Theory and Prac The Soviet History of World War II. By tribution to the development of sociology tice. By Karl N. Llewellyn. Chicago. Matthew P. Gallagher. Praeger. $6, as a scientific discipline. $8.95. p. $1.95. A wide-ranging series of essays spanning The American Polity. By William C. Shows how Soviets manipulate history for almost a third of a century but with a re Mitchell. Free Press. $10. propaganda purposes. ingredients" markably contemporary relevance by one of The "essential of the American The Making of Victorian England. By G. our most and icono political and governmental system examined, observant, penetrating, Kitson Clark. Harvard. $5.50. clastic legal scholars. Each essay, a skill interpreted, and appraised in the context of Excellent introduction to the subject based cut and set gem, casts its recent political and social analysis. An intro fully individually on much recent research. own special illumination. ductory chapter erects a "conceptual frame

work" that bears only minor relationship to Apportionment and Representative Govern the rest of the book. JOHN COURNOS ment. By Alfred de Grazia. Praeger. $5. of Baker vs. Carr Also Recommended: The recent decision Picasso: The Formative Years. By Sir prompts Mr. de Grazia to reiterate two The Mind and the Sword. By Jay W. Anthony Blunt and Phoebe Pool. New convictions: representation transcends nu Stein. Twayne. $4.50. York Graphic Society. $8.50. merical reapportionment is a politi factors; Class and Party in the Eisenhower Years. A wholly delightful, stimulating book, cal rather than a judicial function. By Heinz Eulau. Free Press. $4.50. superbly human, revealing the great artist "went" Political Ideology. By Robert E. Lane. Free Society and Self: A Reader in Social Psy before he abstract, the beautiful, Press. $10. chology. Edited by Bartlett H. Stoodley. lovely reproductions of his early work mak Free Press. $7.50. one wonder why. By employing the techniques of psycho ing therapy and the concepts of anthropology, Manet. By Henri Perruchot. World. $6.50. and social the FREDERICK B. ARTZ sociology, psychology, At last a good biography of a great painter, author hypothesizes upon political attitudes The Crusades. By Henry Treece. Random the now acknowledged leader of his group, of lower middle-class urban males. House. $4.95. who without seeking notoriety found him A good popular self the victim of attacks which reflected the Political Parties in a New Nation: The introduction to a large moods of a Paris in throes of a battle be American Experience 1776-1809. By Wil subject. tween standpatters rebels. reproduc liam Nisbet Chambers. Oxford. $4.50. and No The Religious Renaissance of the German tions of his work, but abundantly illustrated The best work that has yet appeared on Humanists. By Lewis W. Spitz. Harvard. Ameri with intimate pictures. early party developments under the $8.50. Constitution. fresh his can By presenting Now the best work on German Renaissance The Dark Comedy. By J. L. Styan. Cam torical detail within a systematic conceptual Humanism. bridge. $5.50. the author makes a significant contri design, A revealing essay on the more subtle aspects English Life 1780-1830. E. W. neglected field. Country By bution to a badly of the development of "modern comic Bovill. Oxford. $7. tragedy." Democracy: The House Repre T. S. Eliot, Ionesco, Beckett, and Forge of of Delightful series of studies of important Neil MacNeil. McKay. Tennessee Williams are among the drama sentatives. By aspects of English country life. tists analyzed and evaluated. $6.75. Sixty Days that Shook the West. By Jacques This readable descriptive-narrative chronicle Benoist-Mechin. Putnam. $7.95. The Eternal Present: The Beginnings of Art. valuable for the of the lower house is chiefly An authoritative account of the fall of By S. Giedion. Bollingen-Pantheon. $12.50. wealth of anecdote on important legislative This formidable volume consists of the dur struggles in recent years, particularly A. W. Mellon Lectures in the Fine Arts de the Administration. ing Kennedy livered in 1957. It is singularly rich in photographs of paleolithic en The Theory of Political Coalitions. By Wil paintings, and liam H. Riker. Yale. $6. gravings, sculpture, mostly taken in the caverns of France and some contribution to the literature of Spain; in in Another Editor: Diane Threlkeld politics." stances are application of game they compared with examples of "scientific The Consulting Editor: Carl Billman modern art. The author stresses symbols to the strategy of building workable in theory Editorial Committee: Irving Dilliard, William F. art, and his long, illustrated chapter on political coalitions. Not recommended for Hahnert, Robert H. Irrmann, Raymer McQuis- fully ton, F. Williams. Fertility Symbols is particularly interesting. the reader who does not understand or enjoy Mary Published quarterly (Autumn, Winter, Spring, mathematical analysis although much of the and Summer) by the United Chapters of Phi The Theatre and Dramatic Theory. By logical argument can be followed without Beta Kappa at the Garamond Press, Baltimore, Allardyce Nicoll. Barnes & Noble. $3.75. Maryland. Editorial and executive offices, 1811 the mathematics. Q St., N.W., Washington 9, D. C. No responsi A knowledgeable English critic calls for a is assumed for views expressed in articles bility reassessment of modern drama, in his The Origins of Scientific Sociology. By John published. opinion, in a period of decline. Madge. Free Press. $8.50. Advertising rates upon application. Single copies 20(', ten or more copies 10^ each. Subscription emergence and maturation of empirical Theatre in the 20th Century. The $1.00 for one year, $2.00 for two years, $3.00 for Edited by five years. Second class postage paid at Wash sociology during the last half century, pre Robert W. Corrigan. Grove Press. $7.50. ington, D. C. sented through a series of highly compressed Essays by famous contemporaries on all Copyright 1963 by the United Chapters of case studies. Each chapter treats the major Phi Beta Kappa. All rights reserved. aspects of the modern theatre.

SUMMER, 1963 www.pbk.org The Drama Ibsen and of Strindberg. By Sex, Culture, and Myth. By Bronislaw Also Recommended: F. L. Lucas. Macmillan. $10. Malinowski. Harcourt, Brace & World. Intergroup Relations and Leadership: Ap A fine critic, and distinguished stylist, Mr. $6.95. proaches and Research in Industrial, Lucas is always worth listening to. There is Much of his most cogent thought this chief Ethnic, Cultural, and Political Areas. a thoroughness and finality about these ex tain among anthropologists distributed Edited by Muzafer Sherif. Wiley. $5.95. haustive essays beyond criticism. throughout a of journals. A post variety Behind Many Masks: Ethnography and Im humous and a good Debussy: His Life and Mind (1862-1902). retrieval, fortune. pression Management in a Himalayan Vol. 1. By Edward Lockspeiser. Macmil Village. Gerald D. Berremann. The Totemism. By Claude Levi-Strauss. Trans By lan. $8. Society for Applied Anthropology (Mono lated by Rodney Needham. Beacon. $3.95, An life of a musical revolution graph Series $1.50. interesting p. $1.95. #4) ary, with special stress on his The Experiences of American Scholars in influences, A coup de grace to one of anthropology's more particularly of Wilde in this instance. Countries of the Near East and South dubious generalizations; no less a construc The entire world of music, and art, Asia: Report on the Problems of Selection, letters, tive reconsideration of the bases whence it comes the picture. and Personal Adjustment prominently into arose. Planning of Americans in the Fulbright Programs with In Praise of Music. Edited by Richard Lewis. Power, Politics and People: The Collected Egypt, India, and Iraq. Gordon Orion Press. $4.95. By Essays of C. Wright Mills. Edited by Macgregor. The Society for Applied An It was a happy idea to gather into a single Irving L. Horowitz. Oxford. $8.50. Ballan thropology. (Monograph Series #5) $2. volume, exquisitely illustrated, thoughts tine. p. $1.45. about the most universal art expressed by A well-ordered collation of 41 essays the LOUIS C. HUNTER the great, from the most ancient days to by thoughtful and trenchant late social critic, ours. I cannot imagine music lover any On the Social Change: How Eco and author of White Collar, The Power Theory of without it. nomic Growth Begins. Everett E. Elite, The Sociological Imagination, and By Michael Chekhov's to the Director and Play Listen, Yankee. Hagen. A study from the Ctr. for Intl. wright. Compiled and written by Charles Studies, Mass. Inst, of Tech. Dorsey. $10. In Search Rad- Leonard. Harper & Row. $6.50. of Criminology. By Leon Of the innumerable books dealing with the zinowicz. The title indicates the nature of the con Harvard. $4.75. causes and conditions of economic growth, A concise yet tents: practical advice on production and deftly adequate treatment, by this book is surely one of the most stimu the author of English Criminal acting by an experienced director and actor, History of lating. Although an economist, Professor Law, of this social science which began with set down by one closely associated with him. Hagen begins with a sharp downgrading of the nineteenth century social positivists the influence of economic factors as gov The Complete Book Light Opera. of By who turned their focus away from the crime erning economic growth. Hagen's theory of Mark Lubbock. American Section by to the criminal and which is presently social change rests at bottom on psycho David Ewen. Appleton-Century-Crofts. emerging as an interdisciplinary field of logical elements as these are brought to $12.95. training and research. bear upon the shaping of personality in the A mammoth, rather impressive volume, traditional society. The theory is applied in handsomely illustrated, which contains all The Exploration Diaries of H. M. Stanley. a half dozen case studies, ranging from the about lighter opera you need know. Edited by Richard and Alan Stanley Japanese and Columbians to the English and Neame. Vanguard. $6. The Oxford History of English Art. Volume the reservation Sioux. These diaries, (1874-1877), presumably lost, VIII. English Art 1553-1625. By Eric whence Stanley drew his Through the Dark Primer of Economic Development. Mercer. Oxford. $12.75. By Continent, turned up at his country seat in Robert J. Alexander. Macmillan. $5. This volume covers the rich Elizabethan and 1960. A treasure of text and pictures This competently and well-written volume is

Jacobean period with commendable thor editors' despite the overly drastic economy precisely as described on the cover jacket: oughness, with a voluminous bibliography at of selection. "A concise guide to the principles of foreign the end, and a large section devoted to aid and the problems of underdeveloped illustrations. The Sumerians: Their History, Culture, and nations." Character. Samuel Noah Also Recommended: By Kramer. Chi cago. $6.95. The Making of Economic Society. By Music Theory. Hugo Riemann. History of By For those who have followed happily the Robert L. Heilbroner. Prentice-Hall. Translated Raymond H. Haggh. Ne by lucid and scholarly discourse of the author's $4.95. braska. $12.50. Sumerian Mythology and History Begins at Written with admirable clarity and remark Wilder Image. James Thomas Flex- That By Sumer surely this is the book they have able brevity. Brown. $15. ner. Little, been wishing from him. The Cyprus. J. Master Drawings in Private Collections. Se Economy of By Albert Meyer, Jr. with Simos Vassiliau. Har lected, annotated, and with an introduc Palestine Before the Hebrews. By Emmanual vard. $3.50. tion by Eric van Schaack. Clarke & Way. Anati. Knopf. $8.95. A concise account of the problems of eco Distributed by Southern Illinois Univ. The young and gifted archeologist who pro nomic life and development of this small $8.75. duced Camonica Valley with its arresting country in the eastern Mediterranean. Extravagant Drawings of the Eighteenth pictographs, presents here another, vaster, Century. From the Collection of the and equally reliable panorama: 600,000 Politics and World Oil Economics. By J. E. Cooper Union Museum. Selected, an years of human living in Palestine, heavy Hartshorn. Praeger. $8.50. and with an introduction with heritage for all notated, by culture-history that has An account of the international oil industry Richard P. Wunder. Clarke & Way. Dis followed it. in its political environment. An ably written Southern Illinois Univ. $8.75. tributed by book on an extraordinary industry by the Prehistory and the Beginnings of Civiliza industrial editor of the London Economist. tion. By Jacquetta Hawkes and Sir EARL W. COUNT The Economics Leonard Woolley. Harper & Row. $12.50. of Labor. By E. H. Phelps Rebels. E. J. Brown. Yale. $6. Primitive By Hobsbawm. Under UNESCO auspices, an international

Praeger. $5. commission of six- scholars has projected a Foreign Trade and the National Economy. When untutored men activate their social volume (with supplement) History of Man By Charles P. Kindleberger. Yale. $6. protest, they become Mafia, Andalusian kind: Cultural and Scientific Development. These are two excellent monographs of a new anarchists, "the mob", and the like. The This book is volume one. Within its scope series, Studies in Comparative Economics, untrodden author enters an field in this (wide indeed despite its neglect of Meso whose purpose is "to analyze a particular series of he appends some unique case-essays; america and sub-Saharan this branch of Africa), very economics in the light of experi specimen from the mouths of the documents authoritative and readable lives economies." very survey ence in a variety of national untutored men. up to its subtitle richly. They start from the basic premise that "the

THE KEY REPORTER www.pbk.org economic world no longer revolves about Also Recommended: York." ABROAD: London and New FROM The Presence of Walt Whitman: Selected Economic Systems of the Commonwealth. Papers from the English Institute. Edited Edited by Calvin B. Hoover. Duke. $7.50. by R. W. B. Lewis. Columbia. $4.50. Opinions A product of the Commonwealth-Studies The Evolution of Walt Whitman: The Cre Center of Duke University, this excellent ation of a Book. By Roger Asselineau. volume conveniently brings together studies Harvard. $7.50. and of the economic systems of eleven Common The Wake of the Gods: Melville's Mythol wealth countries. The studies are written ogy. By H. Bruce Franklin. Stanford. Reflections in most instances by economists resident in $5.75. the countries discussed. Their special inter The Realities of Fiction. By Nancy Hale. est lies in the answers offer to the ques Little, Brown. $5. they INDIA NIGERIA CANADA tion posed by the editor: how far have the Soviet Attitudes Toward American Writing. Brown. Princeton. $6. economies of this group of modern capi By Deming FRANCE AUSTRALIA CHINA talistic nations diverged from the competi KIRTLEY F. MATHER tive laissez faire of the classical model. BRAZIL RUSSIA ENGLAND The Living Sea. By Captain Jacques-Yves GUY A. CARDWELL Cousteau with James Dugan. Harper & Distinguished writers and scholars

Row. $6.50. from other nations discuss issues of COLLECTED WRITINGS OF WALT THE of Thrilling narrative, strikingly illustrated, particular WHITMAN The Poems and the their own selection, issues of Early undersea adventures and explorations in Fiction. Edited Thomas L. Brasher. consequence to them and to their by which the famous oceanographic research Prose Works 1892: Volume 1, Specimen in this special summer issue ship, Calypso, has recently been involved. countries, Floyd Stovall. New Days. Edited by of THE AMERICAN SCHOLAR. Atoll Environment and Ecology. Herold York. $10. each. By J. Wiens. Yale. $15. You will find a warning of the The third and fourth volumes of a pro Comprehensive of coral atolls and profound and danger jected fifteen-volume set. This carefully study ugly facing promises their associated animals and plants; in an appraisal of the African edited, beautifully printed edition Britain; cludes technical material presented with such to be definitive. creative imagination; a penetrating that the book is to all clarity interesting attitudes W. H. Auden. Ran comparison of the emotional The Dyer's Hand. By readers. dom House. $7.50. prevalent in India and China; a discus Astronomy of the 20th Century. By Otto An important collection of critical pieces, sion of the Iberian sense of time and its Struve and Velta Zebergs. Macmillan. reviews. lectures on poetry and prose, and relevance a consideration $12.50. present day ; and reference is impres The range of topic of An authoritative account of the discoveries of the political implications lethal sively wide. made, the techniques and instruments used, scientific discoveries; plus many other Robert Frost: Constellations The Poetry of and the scientists involved in the extraordi timely articles. A. Brower. of Intention. By Reuben nary expansion of knowledge of the universe Oxford. $5.75. around us, during the lifetime of the senior Mr. Brower explores relationships among the author. analyzes poems, elucidates major ideas, and The Idea of Prehistory. By Glyn Daniel. individual poems. He shows unusual tact World. $4.50. in when to press an analysis and Receive a free copy of this special issue by knowing A perceptive chronicle of the scientific study to the American scholar now. when to break off. subscribing of prehistoric from its beginnings in scholar man, The the leading general quarterly Development a Writer. eighteenth to its modern de Mark Twain: The of the century features perceptive, informative articles on By Henry Nash Smith. Harvard. $4.75. velopment. topics ranging from science to music, from well-informed examination of literature to politics. Jacques Barzun, Richard A sensible, The Neptune. Morton Discovery of By Rovere, Robert Heilbroner, George Steiner, Mark Twain's development as a writer and Grosser. Harvard. $4.95. and August Heckscher are among recent changes in his thought. of Fascinating historical study of an important contributors. Cal- That Summer in Paris. By Morley event in the annals of science, the conflict In each issue you will read Benjamin DeMott's comments on attitudes laghan. Coward-McCann. $5. that arose over priority, and the influence of penetrating and events of current interest; the popular A Canadian novelist and short story writer personality traits and nationalistic loyalties column of Joseph Wood Krutch; poems by readable account of his rela upon the scientists involved. offers a light, such people as John Updike, Louis Simpson, tionships the summer of 1929 with during The Measure of the Moon. By Ralph B. Phyllis McGinley; and reviews of important Fitzgerald. He stresses Hemingway and Scott Baldwin. Chicago. $13.50. new books by eminent critics. the the wry, and man Take advantage of this special offer now. the oblique, offbeat, A detailed, quantitative description of lunar ages to suggest more than he says about his Receive a free copy of Opinions and Reflec topography, with not entirely unbiased com talented friends. tions from Abroad (newsstand price $1.00) difficult, parisons to terrestrial landforms and struc with a trial subscription. American Fiction: The Intellectual Back tures, some of which are, and others may Columbia. the result of impact of ground. By D. E. S. Maxwell. possibly be, THE $5. meteorites. American Scholar An English scholar attempts to counter the Dept. 181 1 Q Street, N.W. Washington D. C. Recommended: recent insistence on romance elements in Also Send me a free copy of the special summer American novels relating them to the by Count Rumford: Physicist Extraordinary. issue and enter my subscription for the term of their times. Essays on Poe, checked. great debates By Sanborn C. Brown. Doubleday Mark Twain, year years $7 Cooper, Melville, Hawthorne, (Anchor, Science Study Series). 95^. ? Vi year $2 ? 1 $4 Q 2 Wharton followed a rapid and Edith by Cloud Physics and Cloud Seeding. By Louis ? 3 years $9 ? payment enclosed D please bill survey of later novelists. J. Battan. Doubleday (Anchor, Science Series). 95

SUMMER, 1963 www.pbk.org Upward Trend Seen in Corporate Contributions to Higher Education (Continued) ten year period. These 31 corporations corporate funds as the statute did not year. One company contributed to educa represent all the major fields of business. apply to corporations chartered before tion following a year of operating at a The report is especially valuable because the statute was passed by the legislature. deficit. it is 1954,' the only available record of the con In upholding the right of the A. P. Smith In 21 of the 31 companies tributions" made by some of the country's Company to make the grant, Judge Stein studied made contributions to education largest corporations to education over a of the Superior Court said: totaling $10,641,529. In 1962, these long period of time. same 21 companies made total contribu I am strongly persuaded by the evi The title of the CFAE's publication. tions of $29,430,412, an increase of dence that the only hope for the survival After Ten refers to the decision cent. nine of the 22 Years, by of the privately supported American 176.6 per In 1954, the Superior Court of New Jersey in 1953 college and university lies in the willing companies contributed $500,000 or more ness of corporate wealth to furnish in that corporations may legally give un and three of the nine contributed $1 moderation some support to institutions restricted grants to colleges and univer million or more. In 1962, 1 1 of the 31 which are so essential to public welfare sities. (This was also the year corporations gave $1 million or more. in which and theiefore, of necessity, to corporate the CFAE was founded. ) Although many welfare. What promotes the general Eight other corporations gave $500,000 good advances corporations had made grants to educa inescapably the corporate or more. The average contribution per weal. I hold that corporate contribu tion before 1953, this decision affirmed to education rose from $506,739 tions to Princeton and institutions company the of corporation giftgiving. the year of to $1,189,- legality The rendering the like public service are, if in first reporting case was brought to court by several held within reasonable limitations, a 224 the last year reports were made. In matter of direct benefit to the stockholders in the A. P. Smith Company, giving the overall period, the annual average in corporations, and this without regard to manufacturers of machinery and equip donors' contributions was $967,439 per company. the extent or sweep of the busi ment for water and gas who do corporations make these con industries, ness. . . . Such giving may be called an Why suit" initiated a "friendly to test the incidental power, but when it is con tributions? For much the same reasons sidered in its essential it legality of a decision by the company's character, may that prompt the national government to well be regarded as a major, though directors to give an unrestricted grant of allocate vast sums of to higher unwritten, corporate power. It is even money $1500 to Princeton University. The com more than that. In the court's view of education basically, a need for the re pany argued that it was legally em the case it amounts to a solemn duty. search and the trained technical, ad powered to make the grant under a 1950 ministrative, and executive manpower Since 1953, most states have enacted New Jersey statute which encouraged that colleges and universities can provide. legislation permitting corporations to corporations organized in the state to While business and industrial corpora make philanthropic grants. make contributions for philanthropic pur tions appear to be aware of In the flow of contributions increasingly stockholders' studying poses. The case argued that their responsibilities to higher education by the corporations, the CFAE found the contribution was a misapplication of and at the same time of the many bene that once a company started an aid-to-edu fits which colleges and universities offer, cation program, it tended over the years the voluntary aid-to-education movement The Fluor Corporation, Ltd., Ford Motor to add to it, both in terms of money and among companies is still mainly a move Company, General Electric Company, Gen the scope of the program. Twenty of the ment of the elite. more corpora eral Foods Corporation, General Motors 3 1 companies have created foundations or Many Corporation, International Paper Company, tions and businesses will have to follow funds through which to channel their Kennecott Copper Corporation, Pacific Gas & the examples of the corporations men contributions. The CFAE also found Electric Pitney-Bowes, Pitts Company, Inc., tioned in the report if our colleges and burgh Plate Glass Company, The Procter & that companies maintained a sustained universities are to receive enough volun Gamble Company, Reader's Digest, R. J. level of contribution, in spite of ups and Reynolds Tobacco Company, Roe tary support to enable them to offer Sears, downs in their earnings. For example, buck and Company, Shell Oil Company, education to the students who the total net income of the 3 1 corpora quality Standard Oil Co. of California, Standard Oil will be entering the classrooms in the Company (Indiana), Standard Oil Company tions dropped by 21.3 per cent from 1957 coming years. (N. J.), Union Carbide Corporation, United to 1958, but their total contributions rose United States Steel States Rubber Company, I 1.3 per cent in the same period. Only ' Corporation, Westinghouse Electric Corpo The contributions listed here are related two of the 31 companies contributed less ration, Weyerhaeuser Company. to the net income before Federal income :' year than did in their As related to net income before taxes. in the last they first taxes in the previous year.

Second class postage paid at Washington, D. C. THE REPORTER

PHI BETA KAPPA 1811 Q Street, N.W. Washington 9, D. C.

Return Requested