Rereading Feminism and Postmodernism By

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Rereading Feminism and Postmodernism By Faceting: Rereading Feminism and Postmodernism by Kathryn Fleishman A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in English and the Designated Emphasis in Film Studies in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in Charge: Professor Namwali Serpell, Chair Professor Linda Williams Professor Stephen Best Summer 2019 Abstract Faceting: Rereading Feminism and Postmodernism by Kathryn Fleishman Doctor of Philosophy in English and Designated Emphasis in Film Studies University of California, Berkeley Professor Namwali Serpell, Chair This project offers a feminist reconsideration of the postmodern aesthetic across a set of American fictions since 1945. From our current perspective, postmodernism is both overdetermined and undervalued; we limit our readings by equating its sheen and sparkle with irony, paranoia, and superficiality. I present an alternative to two longstanding default modes of interpreting the postmodern: the excavatory, hermeneutic model inaugurated by Fredric Jameson’s Postmodernism, and the poststructuralist model, which celebrates a seemingly infinite profusion of references and surfaces. My project’s impact is threefold: I demonstrate how feminism refashions the postmodern aesthetic, I reanimate a quintessentially postmodern language of surface and depth in terms of our current crisis of reading, and I show how feminism is uniquely equipped to supersede, though not erase, that binary. Drawing together new debates in feminist, postcritical, and film theory, I present another approach to novels by Sylvia Plath, Christopher Isherwood, Thomas Pynchon, Vladimir Nabokov, Maxine Hong Kingston, and Leslie Marmon Silko, as well as several films and the television series Mad Men. Feminist theory has a vexed relationship with postmodernism, both as an aesthetic category and in relation to its two major interpretive frameworks. For Jameson, the postmodern resists interpretation because of its baroque excesses, which he alternately compares to “heaps of fragments” and to “the distorting and fragmenting reflections of one enormous glass surface.” Jameson’s imagery emphasizes postmodernism’s illegibility, whether by profusion or impenetrability; while poststructuralist readings distinguish themselves by ennobling and elaborating upon these assumptions, they do not fundamentally unseat them. I argue that postmodernism’s aesthetic, supremely fragmented but also flatly reflective, actually invites the reader to make sense of the text in a pleasurable act of construction. This calls for a method of reading I term faceting, from the Latin facere, “to make or do,” a word that connotes reflection, refraction, and repositioning. To constellate meanings in a postmodern text is to negotiate a plural but limited set of interrelations from its vast networks of data and its myriad surfaces. The reader fastens shifting, tessellated planes into a provisional, dimensional, if hollow, narrative whole. If, in Rita Felski’s terms, intersectional feminism is always a “reworking,” an essentially “purposeful and hopeful” project of improvement, its history brings much to bear on the recent disciplinary turn to the postcritical, which is rooted in feminist and queer theory and eudaimonic in its aims. The pleasures of postmodernism, I maintain, lie precisely at its jagged seams and shifting juxtapositions, which the reader herself 1 is constantly in the process of remaking. Rather than a readerly pose of ironic detachment or paranoid suspicion, faceting entails attachment, effort, and desire. Faceting seizes specifically on metonymy as an alternative, feminist form of figuration that is both prominent in and amenable to the aims of postmodernism. Unlike metaphor, which encourages a binary reading, whereby the reader searches for significance behind a surface, metonymy enables the reader to perceive the postmodern aesthetic as a severalty of surfaces – as, in a word, multifaceted. In each chapter, I analyze a seemingly binary mode of representation that faceting transforms into a limited plurality. I begin by using The Bell Jar and A Single Man to counter Jameson’s claims in Postmodernism, as figures that appear to be dual yield greater complexity when viewed via faceting. I go on to trace the implications of narrative eversion – the process by which a shape is pulled inside out – in The Crying of Lot 49 and Ada, or Ardor. I consider how projections into the past and future in The Woman Warrior disrupt narrative teleology, building on those observations in an analysis of the later Almanac of the Dead and Mason & Dixon. The project is bracketed by analyses of film and television, which offer insight into the visual aspects of faceting, evident in its relationship to terms like face and façade. The introduction reviews the literature that contributed to faceting as a concept, as well as the hollow pleasures of two mid-century films, Gentlemen Prefer Blondes and Imitation of Life; the epilogue addresses the contemporary nostalgia for the postmodern in the tension between photographic and moving images in Mad Men. 2 With gratitude – for my parents, for Jeff, & for Isa i TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction Faceting iii Chapter 1 “Maybe I Ought To Spill A Little Blood”: Sylvia Plath’s The Bell Jar 1 Chapter “So You May Think of A Rock Pool”: Christopher Isherwood’s A Single Man 24 Chapter 3 “Let It Unfurl”: Thomas Pynchon’s The Crying of Lot 49 43 Chapter 4 “Disaster Would Come Today or Tomorrow”: Vladimir Nabokov’s Ada, or Ardor 67 Chapter 5 “It Could Very Well Have Been”: Maxine Hong Kingston’s The Woman Warrior, with notes on Leslie Marmon Silko’s Almanac of The Dead and Thomas Pynchon’s Mason & Dixon 98 Epilogue “Watching Her Stories”: Mad Men After Postmodernity 127 References 153 Bibliography 161 ii INTRODUCTION: FACETING Everybody knows it’s fiction, but then everybody knows the whole thing is fiction. – A.S. Byatt1 ⁠ We apprehend the postmodern by its excesses of gloss and glitter, its sprawling, decentralized casts, its paranoid and melodramatic plotlines, and its parade of sexualized objects and commodified bodies. By apprehend, I intend both recognition and arrest; in categorizing postmodernism as impenetrable surface or illegible profusion, we limit the scope and kind of our interpretations. In this book, I will cast reading as an act of perpetual assemblage, engaging feminist theory to expand the available pleasures and meanings of a set of American fictions from the 1950s to the present. In turn, I posit a feminist rereading of postmodernism’s distinctive aesthetic that is germane to the ongoing debate about how we read now. Rooted in the Latin facere, “to make or do,” faceting foregrounds the reader as constructor of text, accounting for the movements of reflection, refraction, and repositioning that inhere in the reading and rereading experience. The term is also related to face, façade, and surface, connoting planes of a multidimensional object. Through faceting, the reader arrays postmodernism’s excesses dimensionally, producing textured meaning and subjectivity between, beside, and among the surfaces of the text and creating a richly embodied, if illusory, sense of narrative depth. Faceting intercedes to build alongside, rather than to reconcile, two longstanding methods of reading postmodernism: a hermeneutic model, as delineated in Fredric Jameson’s iii Postmodernism, or, The Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism (where an emphasis on metaphor encodes a search for significance behind appearance), and a poststructuralist approach, as in Deleuze and Guattari’s Capitalism and Schizophrenia (which revels in the endless, rhizomatic possibilities of textual meaning, but does not distill them). In drawing out how these two interpretive modes operate along the lines of gender and sexuality, I highlight the textured seams on which the ‘gloss’ or ‘heap’ of American postmodern aesthetic production depends. Against their interpretive detachment and irony, and in concert with Rita Felski’s concept of the ‘postcritical,’ I propose faceting as a feminist mode of reading, pushing critique into the realm of attachment, effort, and desire. Jameson’s hermeneutic model posits postmodern artistic production not only as embedded in consumer capitalism, but as an inveterate consumer itself, subsuming the stuff of history into its ‘heap.’ If modernist art “quoted” from the culture in order to critique it, postmodern works “incorporate” it “into their very substance.”⁠2 This is one sign Jameson offers for the supposed loss of historicity in postmodernism, characterized by a “libidinal historicism” that seeks to assimilate “a vast collection of images, a multitudinous photographic simulacrum” consisting of “nothing but texts.”⁠3 For Jameson, this untethering from time also encodes the depersonalization of affect, since “the waning of the great high modernist thematics of time and temporality, the elegiac mysteries of durée and memory” signals “a liberation from anxiety, but a liberation from every other kind of feeling as well.”4⁠ Jameson explores the potential significance, if not the value, of this shift: “We now inhabit the synchronic rather than the diachronic… our daily life, our psychic experience, our cultural languages, are today dominated by categories of space rather than by categories of time, as in the preceding period of high modernism.”5 While Jameson names this erasure of artistic depth, along with its excavatory forms of interpretation, as a loss, poststructuralism
Recommended publications
  • Excesss Karaoke Master by Artist
    XS Master by ARTIST Artist Song Title Artist Song Title (hed) Planet Earth Bartender TOOTIMETOOTIMETOOTIM ? & The Mysterians 96 Tears E 10 Years Beautiful UGH! Wasteland 1999 Man United Squad Lift It High (All About 10,000 Maniacs Candy Everybody Wants Belief) More Than This 2 Chainz Bigger Than You (feat. Drake & Quavo) [clean] Trouble Me I'm Different 100 Proof Aged In Soul Somebody's Been Sleeping I'm Different (explicit) 10cc Donna 2 Chainz & Chris Brown Countdown Dreadlock Holiday 2 Chainz & Kendrick Fuckin' Problems I'm Mandy Fly Me Lamar I'm Not In Love 2 Chainz & Pharrell Feds Watching (explicit) Rubber Bullets 2 Chainz feat Drake No Lie (explicit) Things We Do For Love, 2 Chainz feat Kanye West Birthday Song (explicit) The 2 Evisa Oh La La La Wall Street Shuffle 2 Live Crew Do Wah Diddy Diddy 112 Dance With Me Me So Horny It's Over Now We Want Some Pussy Peaches & Cream 2 Pac California Love U Already Know Changes 112 feat Mase Puff Daddy Only You & Notorious B.I.G. Dear Mama 12 Gauge Dunkie Butt I Get Around 12 Stones We Are One Thugz Mansion 1910 Fruitgum Co. Simon Says Until The End Of Time 1975, The Chocolate 2 Pistols & Ray J You Know Me City, The 2 Pistols & T-Pain & Tay She Got It Dizm Girls (clean) 2 Unlimited No Limits If You're Too Shy (Let Me Know) 20 Fingers Short Dick Man If You're Too Shy (Let Me 21 Savage & Offset &Metro Ghostface Killers Know) Boomin & Travis Scott It's Not Living (If It's Not 21st Century Girls 21st Century Girls With You 2am Club Too Fucked Up To Call It's Not Living (If It's Not 2AM Club Not
    [Show full text]
  • Postmodernist Narrative: in Search of an Altemative
    Revista Alicantina de Estudios Ingleses 12 (1999): 19-36 Postmodernist Narrative: In Search of an Altemative. Brian Crews Universidad de Sevilla ABSTRACT The development of the novel form is an exploration of the possibilities for realistic representation which is increasingly informed by an understanding that distortion and fabrication are inevitable consequences of the mediating process of narrative. The search for alternatives to conventional modes of representation as a way of defamiliarizing this state of affairs draws attention to the fact that the ordered human constructs that compose knowledge are fictitious systems that inevitably invade reality. A number of contemporary authors, through a variety of strategies emphasize the inevitable distortion involved in representation. The world is always transposed, reality is always framed in terms of the conventions we know and becomes an unfamiliar absence continually deferred by the fictitious construct we cali knowledge. Martin Amis, Angela Cárter and Ian McEwan are just a few of the authors who question existing realisms and posit alternatives but in the knowledge that reality is always other than what we make it. Postmodernism is really all about forms of representation and the ways in which we depict and come to terms with what we cali reality (no matter the médium involved); or even if we can talk about reality or truth at all. J.F. Lyotard suggests that all forms of representation rely upon narrative in order to validare themselves, and it could be said that all knowledge is primarily narrative as, no matter their médium, all artistic and cultural representations require some metanarrative to explain, validate or justify them (1984: 7).
    [Show full text]
  • Roman Jakobson, Parallelism, and Structural Poetics
    Chapter 2 Roman Jakobson, Parallelism, and Structural Poetics In the early to mid-twentieth century these very issues regarding the conver- gence of poetics, style, language, and discourse structure were being exten- sively explored by eastern European literary theorists.1 The discipline that eventually emerged from the movement became variously known as, “critical theory, semiotics, structuralism, literary linguistics, cultural studies,”2 and one could add “structural poetics.” The movement was also in many ways a pre- cursor to DA. Structural poetics pioneered the analysis of literature, namely poetry, as discursive linguistic communicative function, or to use their termi- nology, a “semiotic system.” Saussurean structural linguistics functioned as the theoretical bedrock for evaluating literary texts as discourse. It is to Saussure’s theory of language that we now turn. 2.1 Structuralism, Structural Semiotics, Linguistics, and Discursivity French linguist Ferdinand de Saussure innovatively conceptualised language (Fr. langue) as an integrated and organised system of signs (i.e., semiotic sys- tem) whose various parts, or constituents (i.e., signs or signifiers), are only properly understood as a part of the greater structural (i.e., semiotic) system. Saussure conceived of gross constituent units, or “constituents” for short, as ar- bitrary signifiers (signs) that point to something meaningful (signified). There is a distinction, then, between the signified (meaning) and the signifier (form). The sign, or signifier, is the form that that which is meaningful (i.e., signified) takes within the system of forms. Implicit to this concept of the signifier and the signified is the idea that signification is activated precisely through the sign’s place within the greater 1 This movement is most directly associated with various schools of literary linguistic theory including New Criticism, Russian Formalism (or simply “formalism”), the Prague School, Structuralism, and Czech Structuralism.
    [Show full text]
  • Peirce's Theory of Communication and Its Contemporary Relevance
    Ahti-Veikko Pietarinen Peirce’s Theory of Communication and Its Contemporary Relevance Introduction The mobile era of electronic communication has created a huge semi- otic system, constructed out of triadic components envisaged by the American scientist and philosopher Charles S. Peirce (1839–1914), such as icons, indices and symbols, and signs, objects and interpretants. Iconic signs bear a physical resemblance to what they represent. Indices point at something and say “there!”, and symbols signify objects by conven- tions of a community.1 All signs give rise to interpretants in the minds of the interpreters. It is nonetheless regrettable that the somewhat simplistic triadic ex- posé of Peirce’s theory of signs has persisted in semiotics as the some- how exhaustive and final description of what Peirce intended. The more fascinating and richer structure of signs emerging from their intimate relation to intercommunication and interaction (Peirce’s terms) has been noted much less frequently. Despite this shortcoming, the full Peircean road to inquiry – per- formed by the dynamic community of learning inquirers, or the com- 1 In fact, according to Peirce (2.278 [1895]): “The only way of directly communi- cating an idea is by means of an icon; and every indirect method of communicating an idea must depend for its establishment upon the use of an icon.” Peirce’s chef d’œuvre came shortly after these remarks into being as his diagrammatic system of existential graphs, a thoroughly iconic representation of and a way of reasoning about “moving pictures of thought”, which encompassed not only propositional and predicate logic, but also modalities, higher-order notions, abstraction and category-theoretic notions.
    [Show full text]
  • Breaking Boundaries: Women in Higher Education
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 418 637 HE 031 166 AUTHOR Morley, Louise, Ed.; Walsh, Val, Ed. TITLE Breaking Boundaries: Women in Higher Education. Gender and Higher Education Series. ISBN ISBN-0-7484-0520-8 PUB DATE 1996-00-00 NOTE 239p. AVAILABLE FROM Taylor & Francis, 1900 Frost Road, Suite 101, Bristol, PA 19007-1598; phone: 800-821-8312; fax: 215-785-5515 ($24.95). PUB TYPE Books (010) Collected Works General (020) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC10 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Activism; Age Differences; Aging (Individuals); Blacks; Business Administration Education; Careers; Change Agents; College Faculty; Deafness; Disabilities; Educational Trends; Equal Opportunities (Jobs); Females; *Feminism; Foreign Countries; Graduate Study; Higher Education; Interdisciplinary Approach; Mothers; Older Adults; Sex Differences; *Sex Discrimination; Sex Fairness; Teacher Attitudes; Trend Analysis; Women Faculty; *Womens Education IDENTIFIERS United Kingdom ABSTRACT Essays from women in higher education, organized around two major themes: diversity, equity, and change, and feminism in the academy, and with an emphasis on these issues in the United Kingdom, include: "Women and Careers in Higher Education: What Is the Problem?" (Christine Heward); "In the Prime of Their Lives? Older Women in Higher Education" (Meg Maguire); "Activists as Change Agents: Achievements and Limitations" (Liz Price and Judy Priest); "Good Practices, Bad Attitudes: An Examination of the Factors Influencing Women's Academic Careers" (Jane Kettle); "Deaf Women Academics in Higher Education" (Ruth-Elaine
    [Show full text]
  • Context in Literary and Cultural Studies COMPARATIVE LITERATURE and CULTURE
    Context in Literary and Cultural Studies COMPARATIVE LITERATURE AND CULTURE Series Editors TIMOTHY MATHEWS AND FLORIAN MUSSGNUG Comparative Literature and Culture explores new creative and critical perspectives on literature, art and culture. Contributions offer a comparative, cross-cultural and interdisciplinary focus, showcasing exploratory research in literary and cultural theory and history, material and visual cultures, and reception studies. The series is also interested in language-based research, particularly the changing role of national and minority languages and cultures, and includes within its publications the annual proceedings of the ‘Hermes Consortium for Literary and Cultural Studies’. Timothy Mathews is Emeritus Professor of French and Comparative Criticism, UCL. Florian Mussgnug is Reader in Italian and Comparative Literature, UCL. Context in Literary and Cultural Studies Edited by Jakob Ladegaard and Jakob Gaardbo Nielsen First published in 2019 by UCL Press University College London Gower Street London WC1E 6BT Available to download free: www.uclpress.co.uk Text © Contributors, 2019 Images © Contributors and copyright holders named in the captions, 2019 The authors have asserted their rights under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 to be identified as the authors of this work. A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from The British Library. This book is published under a Creative Commons 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). This license allows you to share, copy, distribute and transmit the work; to adapt the work and to make commercial use of the work providing attribution is made to the authors (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work).
    [Show full text]
  • Material Culture and the Performance of Race
    Dances with Things: Material Culture and the Performance of Race The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Bernstein, Robin. 2009. Dances with things: Material culture and the performance of race. Social Text 27(4): 67-94. Published Version doi:10.1215/01642472-2009-055 Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:3659694 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA Dances with Things Material Culture and the Performance of Race Robin Bernstein In a photograph from Yale University’s Beinecke Rare Book and Manu- script Library, a light-skinned woman stands behind a larger-than-life- size caricature of an African American eating a slice of watermelon (fig. 1).1 The young man, shoeless and dressed in rags, perches on a fence. The woman poses behind the cutout; her hand gently over- laps with the caricature’s. She bares her teeth, miming her own bite from the fruit. A typed caption on the back of the image indicates that the photograph was taken at the Hotel Exposition, a gathering of pro- fessionals from the hotel industry, in New York City’s Grand Central Palace. At some point, a curator at the Beinecke penciled “c. 1930.” How might one read this ugly, enig- matic image, this chip of racial history archived at Yale? Taking a cue from Robyn Wiegman, who has influentially called for a transition from questions of “why” to “how” with regard to race, one might Figure 1.
    [Show full text]
  • [email protected]
    Palacký University, Olomouc Roman O. Jakobson: A Work in Progress edited and with an introduction by Tomáš Kubíček and Andrew Lass Olomouc 2014 Recenzenti: prof. PhDr. Petr A. Bílek, CSc. prof. PhDr. Dagmar Mocná, CSc. Publikace vznikla v rámci projektu Inovace bohemistických studií v mezioborových kontextech. Tento projekt je spolufi nancován Evropským sociálním fondem a státním rozpočtem České republiky. Zpracování a vydání publikace bylo umožněno díky fi nanční podpoře udělené roku 2014 Ministerstvem školství, mládeže a tělovýchovy ČR v rámci Institucionálního rozvojového plánu, programu V. Excelence, Filozofi cké fakultě Univerzity Palackého v Olomouci: Zlepšení publikačních možností akademických pedagogů ve fi lologických a humanitních oborech. Neoprávněné užití tohoto díla je porušením autorských práv a může zakládat občanskoprávní, správněprávní, popř. trestněprávní odpovědnost. Editors © Tomáš Kubíček and Andrew Lass, 2014 © Univerzita Palackého v Olomouci, 2014 ISBN 978-80-244-4386-7 Neprodejná publikace Content Introduction .................................................................................................................5 Parallelism in prose ...................................................................................................11 Wolf Schmid Reopening the “Closing statement”: Jakobson’s factors and functions in our Google Galaxy .......................................25 Peter W. Nesselroth Elective Affi nities: Roman Jakobson, Claude Lévi-Strauss and his Antropologie Structurale ..............................................................................37
    [Show full text]
  • From Printed to “Wikified” Encyclopedias Sociological Aspects of an Incipient Cultural Revolution
    www.ssoar.info From printed to "wikified" encyclopedias: sociological aspects of an incipient cultural revolution Geser, Hans Arbeitspapier / working paper Zur Verfügung gestellt in Kooperation mit / provided in cooperation with: SSG Sozialwissenschaften, USB Köln Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Geser, H. (2007). From printed to "wikified" encyclopedias: sociological aspects of an incipient cultural revolution.. Zürich: Universität Zürich, Philosophische Fakultät, Soziologisches Institut. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168- ssoar-334256 Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer Deposit-Lizenz (Keine This document is made available under Deposit Licence (No Weiterverbreitung - keine Bearbeitung) zur Verfügung gestellt. Redistribution - no modifications). We grant a non-exclusive, non- Gewährt wird ein nicht exklusives, nicht übertragbares, transferable, individual and limited right to using this document. persönliches und beschränktes Recht auf Nutzung dieses This document is solely intended for your personal, non- Dokuments. Dieses Dokument ist ausschließlich für commercial use. All of the copies of this documents must retain den persönlichen, nicht-kommerziellen Gebrauch bestimmt. all copyright information and other information regarding legal Auf sämtlichen Kopien dieses Dokuments müssen alle protection. You are not allowed to alter this document in any Urheberrechtshinweise und sonstigen Hinweise auf gesetzlichen way, to copy it for public or commercial purposes, to exhibit the Schutz beibehalten werden. Sie dürfen dieses Dokument document in public, to perform, distribute or otherwise use the nicht in irgendeiner Weise abändern, noch dürfen Sie document in public. dieses Dokument für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke By using this particular document, you accept the above-stated vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, aufführen, vertreiben oder conditions of use. anderweitig nutzen.
    [Show full text]
  • A Semiotic Theory of Music: According to a Peircean Rationale
    A SEMIOTIC THEORY OF MUSIC: ACCORDING TO A PEIRCEAN RATIONALE The Sixth International Conference on Musical Signification University of Helsinki Université de Provence (Aix-Marselle I) Aix-en-Provence, December 1-5, 1998 José Luiz Martinez (Ph.D.) [1] The recent growth of musical applications of Peirce’s general theory of signs, such as in the works of David Lidov (1986), Robert Hatten (1994), William Dougherty (1993, 1994), shows that this approach, once set properly in both musical and semiotic contexts, has great analytical power on questions of musical signification. In this paper I will present the structure of a semiotic theory of music, as demonstrated in my doctoral dissertation, Semiosis in Hindustani Music (Imatra: International Semiotics Institute), submitted and approved by the University of Helsinki in 1997. [2] Peirce, in his studies of semiotics, concluded that thought is only possible by means of signs (vide CP 1.538, 4.551, 5.253). Music is a species of thought; and thus, the idea that music is sign and depends on significative processes, or semiosis, is obviously true. A musical sign can be a system, a composition or its performance, a musical form, a style, a composer, a musician, hers or his instrument, and so on. According to Peirce, signification occurs in a triadic relation of a sign and the object it stands for to an interpretant (CP 6.347), which - in music - is another sign developed in the mind of a listener, musician, composer, analyst or critic. [3] In Peirce’s classification of the sciences, semiotics (or semeiotic) has three branches: Speculative Grammar, Critic and Methodeutic (or Speculative Rhetoric) (CP 1.192).
    [Show full text]
  • Qualia NICHOLAS HARKNESS Harvard University, USA
    Qualia NICHOLAS HARKNESS Harvard University, USA Qualia (singular, quale) are cultural emergents that manifest phenomenally as sensuous features or qualities. The anthropological challenge presented by qualia is to theorize elements of experience that are semiotically generated but apperceived as non-signs. Qualia are not reducible to a psychology of individual perceptions of sensory data, to a cultural ontology of “materiality,” or to philosophical intuitions about the subjective properties of consciousness. The analytical solution to the challenge of qualia is to con- sider tone in relation to the familiar linguistic anthropological categories of token and type. This solution has been made methodologically practical by conceptualizing qualia, in Peircean terms, as “facts of firstness” or firstness “under its form of secondness.” Inthephilosophyofmind,theterm“qualia”hasbeenusedtodescribetheineffable, intrinsic, private, and directly or immediately apprehensible experiences of “the way things seem,” which have been taken to constitute the atomic subjective properties of consciousness. This concept was challenged in an influential paper by Daniel Dennett, who argued that qualia “is a philosophers’ term which fosters nothing but confusion, and refers in the end to no properties or features at all” (Dennett 1988, 387). Dennett concluded, correctly, that these diverse elements of feeling, made sensuously present atvariouslevelsofattention,wereactuallyidiosyncraticresponsestoapperceptions of “public, relational” qualities. Qualia were, in effect,
    [Show full text]
  • The Politics of Estrangement: Tracking Shklovsky's Device Through
    The Politics of Estrangement: Tracking Shklovsky’s Device through Literary and Policing Practices Cristina Vatulescu Society of Fellows, Harvard Abstract Critics have frequently accused Russian Formalism of supporting an apo- litical separation of art from life. As a central Formalist term, estrangement (ostranenie) often bore the brunt of this accusation. Taking issue with this critique, this essay focuses on the entangled relationship betweentheaestheticsandpoliticsofestrange- ment and argues that an attentive look at the history of estrangement reveals its deep involvement with revolutionary and police state politics. This essay traces estrange- ment’s conflicted development through Victor Shklovsky’s oeuvre and beyond, in the work of Nicolae Steinhardt and Joseph Brodsky, and also in secret police interroga- tion and reeducation practices and in CIA manuals. In Sentimental Journey, Shklovsky wrote that during the civil war, life itself was made strange and became art. Shklovsky’s memoirs shed light on the effects of this revolu- tionary estrangement on the self. Furthermore, the memoirs reenacted this unsettling estrangement by incorporating elements of official Soviet genres, such as the trial deposition, the interrogation autobiography, and the letter to the government. As I am grateful to Svetlana Boym, Julie Buckler, Esther Liberman, Kiki Pop-Eleches, Amy Powell, Meir Sternberg, Jurij Striedter,William Mills Todd III, and the anonymous reviewers of Poetics Today for reading drafts of this essay and providing their feedback. Earlier versions of this essay were presented at Harvard University (2004), Yale University (2005), and the University of California at San Diego (2005); I thank my audiences for helpful comments. Research for this essay has been supported by the generosity of the Davis Center for Rus- sian and Eurasian Studies Summer Travel Grant and Dissertation Completion Fellowship.
    [Show full text]