DOCSLIB.ORG

Diapositive 1

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Diapositive 1 DESALINATION A SUSTAINABLE SOLUTION FOR WATER SUPPLY IN ARID AREAS Lisbon, 13-14 March 2018 Mr Khalid TAHRI Technical & Engineering Director Outline • Introduction • Water strategy in Morocco • ONEE, Moroccan Public Operator overview • Desalination, a solution for water supply • PPP: Agadir Case • Conclusion Morocco, in brief • Position: North Africa, 14 km from Europe 2 • Area: 710 850 km Rabat (capital) • Population: 35 millions • Climate: Mediterranean • Parliamentary, democratic and social constitutional monarchy • GDP : 2000 Euro/capita Casablanca • Growth: 3-4 % per year Marrakech Fez Tangier Morocco, Main Plans INDH Social Energy development Agriculture Solar Plan, Wind Plan Maroc vert Plan Infrastructures ports, airports, Industry Emergence Plan highways, HST Fishing Housing main vector for Sustainable Cities Halieutis Plan Sustainable development Environment Tourism Environmental Azur Plan Charter Water Strategy ENERGY IN MOROCCO An important dependency to thermal energy of which 95% imported. Energy bill is a real burden for the national economy Energy allocation 2010 Energy allocation 2020 6000 MW 14000 MW 2% 28% 30% 68% 58% 14% Thermal energy Hydraulic energy Renewable energy Thermal energy Hydraulic energy Renewable energy REGULATION: Water Law Institutional .Institutionalization of the Supreme Council for Water and Climate .Creation of river-basins agencies throughout the national territory .Creation of provincial and prefectural committees of the Water Planning .National Plan for Water .Plan on Integrated Management of Water Resources at the regional level Protection: .Quantity: perimeter of protection and prohibition of groundwater .Quality: protection against pollution Financial: .Introduction of the principle sampler-pays and polluter-pays Climate and water resources rainfall Mediterranean sea Water resources in m3/inhabitant/year 6000 5000 4000 Atlantic 3000 ocean 2000 1000 0 GREECE TURKEY FRANCE SPAIN MOROCCO Potential of natural water Resources 22 Billion CM/Year 18 Billion CM/Year 4 Billion CM/Year Surface water Groundwater Water resources regarding offer 3000 Water resources per capita 2500 2000 Hydraulic 1500 stress 1000 500 0 1960 2008 2020 Water resources regarding demand Irrigation (90%) Drinking Water (8%) Others (2%) Mobilization of conventional water • 140 large dams with a total capacity of nearly 18 billion CM • Thousands of boreholes and wells • 13 systems of water transfer: 1100 km and 210 m3/s Mobilization of non conventional water • Desalination program • Wastewater treatment and re- use program • Rainfall capture ONEE, a Public Operator at National level A strategy based on 4 axis Perpetuating, Improving Generalizing Developing securing and technical potable water sewerage reinforcing performances. access to rural systems for exiting areas. communities. installations. 11 ONEE: Global Indicators – Water Branch Indicators Unit Till 2017 Urban Investments 1999 – 2017 Billions € 2,5 Installed capacity m3/s 71 Production Millions m3 1.137 Length of production pipes Km 11.000 Length of distribution network Km 41.500 Access rate % 97,1 Rural Investments 1999 – 2017 Billions € 1,2 Access rate % 96,6 beneficiary population Millions inhabitants ≈ 13,3 Number of localities U 431 2,5% of produced water come from desalination 12 Development Program 2017 - 2021 Investment 2017- 2021 2,5 billions € Urban water supply 1,6 billions € Rural water supply 0,4 billions € Sewerage systems 0,5 billions € 13 Projects in prospects: 2018-2020 Treatment plants under construction: 21 projects- 9 m3/s 45 projects of which 20 under design Conventional treatment Marrakech 2500 l/s Fès – Meknès 2000 l/s Berkane 130 l/s Taounate 100 l/s Desalination Beni Mellal Al Hoceima 190 l/s 300 l/s Specific treatment Ben Guerir Agadir Zagora 100 l/s 1740 l/s 56 l/s El Kelaa Sidi Ifni Khouribga 60 l/s 100 l/s 1600 l/s Ouarzazate Tarfaya Dakhla 250 l/s 15 l/s 100 l/s Essaouira Laâyoune 250 l/s 300 l/s Agadir 400 l/s Taroudante 200 l/s Tiznit 145 l/s Imin Tanout – Chichaoua 300 l/s 14 Performance report: projects commissioned in 2017 Potable water Reinforcement of Rabat-Casablanca zone From Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah dam • Treatment plant 5 m3/s, 18 Mw raw water pumping station, 80 km of pipes, HV electrical lines. • Cost : 200 Millions € 15 Desalination Know- How advancement Laayoune-Khenifra- Khouribga-Tan Tan- Laayoune-Boujdour Dakhla- Al Hoceima Mastering Beyond 2010 Tarfaya-Smara-Boujdour Optimization Large Scale units 1995-2010 Generalization to Energy recovery other regions Testing Materials Intakes 1975-1995 Membrane Environmental aspects ED-MCV-RO Automatism South regions 40 years experience Projects in progress Potable water reinforcement of Zagora city Potable water reinforcement of Laayoune city by brackish water desalination by seawater desalination Capacity : 6 000 m3/d Capacity : 26 000 m3/d Cost : 8 Millions € Cost : 35 Millions € Progress rate : 65 % Progress rate : 35 % Commissioning date : July 2018 Commissioning date : December 2018 17 PPP Project Potable water reinforcement of Agadir by seawater desalination Duration 30 years . Shared project including irrigation needs for a total capacity of 400.000 m3/d at term. A Capacity of 150.000 m3/d expandable to 200.000 m3/d for potable water needs. Open intake . Cost : 150 Millions €. Preparations for starting works under progress. Works commissioning date: 2020 18 Sharing roles Under Moroccan law 54-05 related to delegation of public services 1st BOT CONTRACT: Public Party June 29th 2017 Private Party • Feasibility studies • Submit offer • To Mobilaze land and • Negotiating infrastructures: • Partnership for a long • Sign Contract adduction pipes and term. • Financing Energy • Share responsibilities • Design • Biding and risks • Built • negotiating • O&M • Sign Contract • reporting • Off taker • Sell drinking water • Contract monitoring: • Make a profit performance indicators • Transfer • Public Service Institutional Scheme EPC Contract SEDA Financial Société d’Eau Contract O&M dessalée d’Agadir contract BOT Insurances Contrat Consultants Guarantees Some details about the BOT contract 2017 2018 2019 … 2049 Contract effective Construction: 24 months O&M : 30 years Prerequisites to be satisfied Remuneration structure: Financial instruments and 4 Components : guarantees : 1.Fixed Remuneration of • Mortgage of the ground investment • State’s letter of support 2.Fixed Remuneration of O&M • Tripartite Agreement 3.Variable Remuneration of O&M • Transfer of debts 4.Remuneration of Renewal Key of success To launch economic studies for the opportunity of BOT project To built a strong and sustainable PPP Contract because of the long term of the Partnership International consultancy have a supportive role to play in the 3 aspects: Technical- financial and legal, closely with authority for the main mile stones of the project : biding- negotiating- Construction – commissioning Good allocation of risks between 2 parties: regulatory - Design- O&M- respect of calendar– budget- environment- performance indicators… with appropriate risk mitigation : subject of long negotiations Secure payment by public party to the private party for the provision of service and use of assets Assets reverting to public party ownership at the end of the contract must be in a good manner Capacity building and exchange experiences with international community is the school of a strength PPP Strategy Regulation Desalination Natural/ in arid area Know-how human enhancement Resources A solution for planning WS Solutions PPP [email protected] www.onee.ma 24 .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • War and Insurgency in the Western Sahara
    Visit our website for other free publication downloads http://www.StrategicStudiesInstitute.army.mil/ To rate this publication click here. STRATEGIC STUDIES INSTITUTE The Strategic Studies Institute (SSI) is part of the U.S. Army War College and is the strategic-level study agent for issues relat- ed to national security and military strategy with emphasis on geostrategic analysis. The mission of SSI is to use independent analysis to conduct strategic studies that develop policy recommendations on: • Strategy, planning, and policy for joint and combined employment of military forces; • Regional strategic appraisals; • The nature of land warfare; • Matters affecting the Army’s future; • The concepts, philosophy, and theory of strategy; and, • Other issues of importance to the leadership of the Army. Studies produced by civilian and military analysts concern topics having strategic implications for the Army, the Department of Defense, and the larger national security community. In addition to its studies, SSI publishes special reports on topics of special or immediate interest. These include edited proceedings of conferences and topically-oriented roundtables, expanded trip reports, and quick-reaction responses to senior Army leaders. The Institute provides a valuable analytical capability within the Army to address strategic and other issues in support of Army participation in national security policy formulation. Strategic Studies Institute and U.S. Army War College Press WAR AND INSURGENCY IN THE WESTERN SAHARA Geoffrey Jensen May 2013 The views expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Army, the Department of Defense, or the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • 2010 Monographie De La Région Laâyoune Boujdour Sakia Al Hamra
    - 0 -Monographie de la région Laâyoune Boujdour Sakia El Hamra المـديـرية الجـهـوية بالـعـيـون Direction Régionale de Laâyoune Monographie de la région Laâyoun e Boujdour Sakia Al Hamra Direction régionale du plan Laâyoune 2010 Direction Régionale du Plan -Laâyoune Page 0 - 1 -Monographie de la région Laâyoune Boujdour Sakia El Hamra Sommaire avant propos :…………………………………………………………………………...………..……………3 focus et région en chiffres :……………………………………………………………...……...……………...4 Présentation générale DE la région :……………………………………………….…………...……………17 . Parti I situation socio-économique et démographique de la Région Chapitre 1 : Secteurs productifs……………………………………………………………………....………22 I- Pêche maritime……………………………………………………………………………………….……...22 II-Mines………………………………………………………………………………………………….…….26 III-Agriculture…………………………………………………………………………………………………28 IV-Tourisme…………………………………………………………………………………………….……..30 Chapitre 2 : Infrastructure…………………………………………………………………………....……….33 I- Routes et transport………………………………………………………………………………………......33 II-Eau…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..35 III- Energie électrique………………………………………………………………………………………….36 IV-Poste et télécommunication………………………………………………………………………………...37 V- Urbanisme et l‟habitat………………………………………………………………………....……………39 VI- Performances économiques………………………………………………………………………………..41 Chapitre 3 : Caractéristiques démographiques et socio-économiques de la population…………...……….42 I- Accroissement démographique et répartition spatiale de la population……………………………...….......42 II- Structure de population…………………………………………………………………………………….43
    [Show full text]
  • Geomorphological Characteristics of the Passage of Lanzarote
    Resúmenes sobre el VIII Simposio MIA15, Málaga del 21 al 23 de Septiembre de 2015 Geomorphological characteristics of the Passage of Lanzarote (East Canary Islands Region) Características geomorfológicas del Pasaje de Lanzarote (Región oriental de las Islas Canarias) J.T. Vázquez (1), D. Palomino (1), O. Sánchez-Guillamón (1), L. Somoza (2), M.C. Fernández-Puga (3), L.M. Fernández-Salas (4), T. Medialdea (2), E. Fraile-Nuez (5), F.J. González (2), R. León (2) & N. López-González (1) (1) Instituto Español de Oceanografía, C.O. de Málaga, Puerto Pesquero s/n, 29649, Fuengirola, Spain. E-mail: [email protected] (2) Instituto Geológico Minero de España, c/ Ríos Rosas 23, 28003 Madrid. España. (3) Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz. 11510 Puerto Real, Spain. (4) Instituto Español de Oceanografía, C.O. de Cádiz, Muelle de Levante, Puerto Pesquero s/n, Cádiz. (5) Instituto Español de Oceanografía, C.O. de Canarias, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain. Abstract: The Passage of Lanzarote is an example of a wide oceanic corridor. It extends between the eastern Canary Islands and the Western Africa continental margin. Seafloor morphology of this passage has been analyzed with the aim to know the morphogenetic processes related to both the oceanography and the geology. Multibeam bathymetric data and high and very high resolution seismic profiles obtained in the SUBVENT2 cruise have been used. Five main morphological groups were analyzed: (a) Volcanic or diapiric submarine hills; (b) Tectonic features on the continental
    [Show full text]
  • Granville Dmum ANG
    dmumdraw me a sheep A TRAVELING UNIVERSAL ART INSTALLATION RÉGIS GRANVILLE, VISUAL ARTIST Genesis Art brings human hearts together beyond differences of origins, nationalities, religions and customs. Love, yesterday, today, tomorrow and for always. Régis Granville from left to right: Tarfaya airfield (formerly Cape Juby) – former Cape Juby trading post Morocco, 1 February 2017 Paris/Casablanca/Laâyoune/Tarfaya. Traveling with a small group of 4 collaborators from the project, , Celina, Claire, Kira and Thierry, we depart Laâyoune by taxi, and drive through the Western Sahara along a coastal road on the shores of the Atlantic Ocean. After a hundred kilometres, we arrive at the end of our journey… and at the end of the road. In front of us, far south of the major centres, between desert and ocean, the town of Tarfaya takes shape before us. Formerly, the town was called Cape Juby. Saint-Exupéry spent 18 months here in 1927 during his appointment as airfield director. We arrive at the old trading post, founded in 1876 by the British, at high tide. We settle into the Hotel Casamar, located in this historical setting. Our host—Sadat Mrabihrabou, founder of the Antoine de Saint-Exupéry Museum—warmly greets us and together we tour the city including its magnificent cinema, abandoned since 19931. That evening, we are invited to his mother’s home for a traditional family dinner. Our dinner conversations, on the world and on life, are amusing and enlightening. The next day, while filming the documentary meet two Sahrawi wise men, descendants of the nomadic Bedouin of the Western Sahara, as well as a group of Tarfayan women.
    [Show full text]
  • Inaugural – Dissertation
    INAUGURAL – DISSERTATION zur Erlangung der Doktorwürde der Naturwissenschaftlich-Mathematischen Gesamtfakultät der Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg vorgelegt von Diplom-Geologe Manuel Sehrt aus Seeheim-Jugenheim Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 02. Juli 2014 Variscan to Neogene long-term landscape evolution at the Moroccan passive continental margin (Tarfaya Basin and western Anti-Atlas) Gutachter: apl. Prof. Dr. Ulrich A. Glasmacher Prof. Dr. Peter A. Kukla ACKNOWLEDGEMENT My very special thanks go to my supervisor apl. Prof. Dr. Ulrich A. Glasmacher, who sparked my interest in thermochronology and made my PhD project possible. Of course, I would particularly like to thank also Prof. Dr. Peter A. Kukla from Aachen, who agreed to write an expertise for the present PhD thesis. I would like to thank my colleagues Axel Wenke, Dr. Victoria Sachse, Dr. Björn Heise and Dr. Martin Wipf for the nice time during sampling campaigns in Morocco and the interesting, interdisciplinary discussions. Further, I am grateful to Dr. Rainer Zühlke for planning and organizing the sampling campaigns. I gratefully acknowledge the financial support of RWE-Dea AG and logistic support by ONHYM. In particular, my sincere thanks go to Oliver Kluth, Dr. Torge Schümann, Haddou Jabour, Dr. Lahcen Boutib and Dr. Salim Lahsini for the Atlantic Margin Project management, their support during various visits in Rabat, Morocco and their assistance during the field campaigns. I am also grateful to Prof. Dr. Daniel Stockli for supporting me while doing (U-Th-Sm)/He analyses in Lawrence, Kansas. Furthermore, I would like to thank the whole staff of apl. Prof. Dr. Glasmacherʹs Research Group ‘ThermoArchaeo’ at the University of Heidelberg, namely Margit Brückner and Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • WESTERN SAHARA) Mr, Chair, Distinguished Delegates and Participant
    United Nations Nations Unies HEADQUARTERS • SIEGE NEW YORK, NY 10017 TEL.: l (212) 963,t234.. FAX: 1 (212) 963.4879 Distr. RESTRICTED P RSI20181CRP. 13 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH THIRD INTERNATIONAL DECADE FOR THE ERADICATION OF COLONIALISM Pacific regional seminar on the implementation of the Third International Decade for the Eradication of Colonialism. towards the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals in the Non-Self-Governing Territories: social, economic and environmental challenges Saint George's, Grenada 9 to 11 May 2018 STATEMENT BY MR. MHAMED ABBA (WESTERN SAHARA) Mr, Chair, distinguished delegates and participant, Allow me at the at the outset, to express my gratitude to the President and the Bureau of C24 for inviting me, and allowing me, as an elected Sahraoui for the region, to participate, for the first time, in this meeting, I am original from the city of Laayoune. I am the vice -president of the Region Laayoune Sakia Elhamra, composed of the cities of Laayoune, Boujdour, Smara and Tarfaya. I was democratically elected by local populations during the municipal and regional elections that took place in all the parts of the Kingdom of Morocco on the 4/9/2015. My bureau is composed of a president and 6 vice-presidents, 3 of which are women, in due total respect of gender equality. The elections in the two regions of the Sahara, Laayoune Salda Elhamra and Dakhla Ouad Dahab, knew the highest rate of the participation and voting. With 70% of national participation rate. Those elections were held under the supervision of 4000 national and international observer. On the 8th of December 2015, Kim Bolduc, head of Minurso, confirmed, during her briefing to the Security Council, that the local elections that were held in the Sahara, in September, "went without incident and in calm atmosphere insofar as Minurso could observe".
    [Show full text]
  • Superstition on Fuerteventura and Lanzarote.- Expression 10 / Felsbildern Fuerteventuras, Almogaren, XXVII, Pp
    EXPRESSION quaterly e-journal of atelier in cooperation with uispp-cisnep. international scientific commission on the intellectual and spiritual expressions of non-literate peoples N°10 December 2015 Har Karkom, Negev Desert, Israel: Flint orthostats in the Upper Paleolithic site Of COMMUNICATING WITH THE GODS: SUPERSTITION brandaris and Hexaplex trunculus, formerly known as ON FUERTEVENTURA AND LANZAROTE murex, began to become scarce in many Mediterranean regions. Clever Phoenician, Roman and Punic businessmen searched for a vegetal replacement and Hans-Joachim Ulbrich found it besides some unproductive plants in dying Institutum Canarium, Vienna, Austria lichens, in Macaronesia mainly Roccella tinctoria. Therefore exploration and collecting also took place in the direction of the newly found or supposed islands To understand the special forms of superstition which near the African coast (Ulbrich, 2004a). Other red were practised by Lanzarote's and Fuerteventura's pigments which were used in kitchens, for example aborigines, the Mahos, we first have to take a closer for sauces and nutritional preserves, and in the fishing look at the eastern Canary Islands during the centuries business of southern Iberia (Bernal and Domínguez around Christ's birth. 2012) apparently did not qualify as a substitute for Geographical and historical background purple. Fuerteventura and Lanzarote, both arid, are the most In ancient times the demand for purple dye, the royal northern and eastern of the Canary Islands. Their colour, was immense. It was also one of the reasons to smallest distance to the continent is around 100 km explore the northwestern African coast: We remember, (Cape Juby, Tarfaya, southern Morocco). Most likely for example, the Insulae Purpurariae, small islands and they were the first of the seven big Canary Islands reefs near Mogador (today Essaouira, Morocco).
    [Show full text]
  • 1 6.11.2016 Assa We Want to Drive Further Into the South of Morocco
    6.11.2016 Assa We want to drive further into the South of Morocco and visit the Western Sahara. Evidently, the drive down there is not very exciting and rather monotone, but at least the capital Laayoune we want to see as we will not be back near here anytime soon. The Western Sahara had been annexed by Morocco 1976, previously it was under Spanish colonial rule. Under international law, the status of the Western Sahara is still disputed until today; there is quite some tension behind the scenes, but tourists should be safe. The rain is catching up with us, there are several thunderstorms and heavy rain is pouring down on us. At least we get a free car wash and our Unimog looks pretty clean again. It is a good day to cover some distance and we drive approximately 230km via Tahala, Ifrane Atlas Saghir and Fask to Assa. At the entrance to Assa we are asked again for a ‘fiche’, then we continue on a broad avenue into town. We notice that some efforts have been made to revamp this town, but unfortunately only a few palm trees have survived. Meanwhile, Assa is a bit run down and consist supposedly of mainly military personnel. As soon as we drive into the town the first mob of begging children is running towards us. We are just stowing away our food shopping, when a young man with an Enduro cross bike approaches us asking for help. Marjin, who is from Belgium, has a friend 1 who got stuck with his BMW motorbike and is now looking for a suitable 4x4 car which is able to pull out that bike.
    [Show full text]
  • The Economic and Social Development of the Moroccan Sahara
    The Economic and Social Development of the Moroccan Sahara An analysis of the development of the Southern Provinces in the context of Morocco’s political future Rohini Muralidharan SIT: Culture and Society Spring 2009 Advisor Saloua Zerhouni Table of Contents Abstract..................................................................................................................................................................... 3 Acknowledgements............................................................................................................................................... 3 Background to the Research.............................................................................................................................. 4 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................ 6 Historical Background......................................................................................................................................... 7 The Actors and Their Strategies.....................................................................................................................10 The Status of Development: Programs, their Successes and Setbacks.............................................17 Looking Towards the Future: A Development Plan for the Next Ten Years...................................27 Fitting Development Into the Political Puzzle...........................................................................................32
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment of Surface Downwelling Shortwave Radiation in 2021–2050 in Laayoune − Sakia El Hamra Region, Morocco
    Reports on research (2019), «EUREKA: Physics and Engineering» projects Number 2 ASSESSMENT OF SURFACE DOWNWELLING SHORTWAVE RADIATION IN 2021–2050 IN LAAYOUNE − SAKIA EL HAMRA REGION, MOROCCO Youssef El Hadri Department of Agrometeorology and Agroecology Odessa State Environmental University 15 Lvivska str., Odessa, Ukraine, 65016 [email protected] Valeriy Khokhlov Department of Meteorology and Climatology Odessa State Environmental University 15 Lvivska str., Odessa, Ukraine, 65016 [email protected] Mariia Slizhe Department of Meteorology and Climatology Odessa State Environmental University 15 Lvivska str., Odessa, Ukraine, 65016 [email protected] Kateryna Sernytska Department of Environmental Economics Odessa State Environmental University 15 Lvivska str., Odessa, Ukraine, 65016 [email protected] Kateryna Stepanova Department of Economics and International Economic Relations International Humanitarian University 33 Fountain Road str., Odessa, Ukraine, 65009 [email protected] Abstract Morocco's energy system is highly dependent on external energy markets. According to the Ministry Energy, Mines and Sustainable Development today more than 93 % of energy resources are imported to Morocco. In 2008 the Moroccan Government has developed a National Energy Strategy, and one of its priority areas is to increase the share of renewable tech- nologies in the country's energy sector. Morocco is rich in solar energy resources. Studies on the assessment of the Morocco’s solar energy potential indicate, among other benefits, low additional costs when using solar installations compared to losses associated with the solution of future climate problems and lack of resources. The plan envisages the commissioning of solar power plants in Ouarzazate, Ain Ben Mathar, Boujdour, Tarfaya and Laayoune by 2020. The aim of this research is determination of the characteristics of the distribution of Surface Downwelling Shortwave Radiation in the area of the solar power Boujdour, Tarfaya and Laayoune, located in the Laayoune − Sakia El Hamra region in 2021−2050.
    [Show full text]
  • The Souss, Anti Atlas & Western Sahara
    © Lonely Planet Publications 373 The Souss, Anti Atlas & Western Sahara ﺳﻮ ﺍﻷﻃﻠﺲ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﻴﺮ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺮﺍء ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺑﻴّﺔ The fertile plains, sudden granite mountains and long stretches of pristine beach of Morocco’s southwest corner announce that you are arriving somewhere different. And you are. The Souss and the Anti Atlas are the most geographically varied regions of Morocco and also the most culturally distinct. And as if the vast, challenging nature of the landscape has had a softening effect on the character of the people, the sort of hassle visitors can suffer elsewhere in Morocco, is rare here, while the hospitality is legendary. The Souss plain, with red-walled Taroudannt at its centre, is one of Morocco’s most important agricultural zones. To the south lies the Anti Atlas, not as challenging as the High Atlas, but less visited and with plenty worth visiting, including the contorted slopes of Jebel Bani, prehistoric rock carvings in the Akka Oasis and the idyllically peaceful Ameln Valley. On the coast, Agadir is both the principal port of the south and Morocco’s premier beach resort. The glorious coast runs hundreds of kilometres south, past nature reserves, the art-deco splendours of Sidi Ifni and the tiny town of Tarfaya. Further south, the Western Sahara is a vast, desolate and lightly populated tract of hammada (stony desert). Inhabited by free-spirited Saharawis, fishing communities and industrious Moroc- cans, it is a hotly disputed territory and is watched over by the ever-present security forces. HIGHLIGHTS Taghazout Ride killer
    [Show full text]
  • Unraveling the Onset of Cretaceous Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 in An
    PUBLICATIONS Paleoceanography RESEARCH ARTICLE Unraveling the onset of Cretaceous Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 10.1002/2017PA003146 in an extended sediment archive from the Tarfaya- Key Points: Laayoune Basin, Morocco • The onset of OAE2, which corresponds 13 to a two-stepped increase in δ C Wolfgang Kuhnt1 , Ann E. Holbourn1 , Sebastian Beil1 , Mohamed Aquit1,2 , Tim Krawczyk1, spanning ~100 kyr, is preceded by 3 4 5 negative carbon isotope excursions Sascha Flögel , El Hassane Chellai , and Haddou Jabour • A three-stepped transient climate 1 2 cooling with intermittent brief anoxic Institute of Geosciences, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany, Direction de Recherche et Développement, episodes occurred in the latest stage Recherche Géologique, OCP S.A., Youssoufia, Morocco, 3Ozeanzirkulation und Klimadynamik, Paläo-Ozeanographie, 13 of the main δ C increase GEOMAR Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel, Kiel, Germany, 4Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences • Two major extinction events of Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco, 5ONHYM, Office National des Hydrocarbures et des Mines, Rabat, thermocline dwelling planktonic foraminifers were closely linked to Morocco intensifications of the OMZ Abstract We investigated the onset and development of Cretaceous Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 (OAE2) in a Supporting Information: newly drilled core (SN°4) from the Tarfaya Basin (southern Morocco), where this interval is unusually • Supporting Information S1 • Data Set S1 expanded. High-resolution (centimeter-scale equivalent to centennial) analysis of bulk organic and carbonate stable isotopes and of carbonate and organic carbon content in combination with XRF scanner derived Correspondence to: elemental distribution reveal that the ocean-climate system behaved in a highly dynamic manner prior to W.
    [Show full text]