Ethanobotany, Phytochemical and Pharmacological Aspects of Thuja Orientalis : a Review

Home , Platycladus, Thuja occidentalis

Available online at www.ijpab.com Jain and Sharma Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 5 (4): 73-83 (2017) ISSN: 2320 – 7051 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.2976 ISSN: 2320 – 7051 Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 5 (4): 73-83 (2017) Review Article

Ethanobotany, Phytochemical and Pharmacological Aspects of Thuja orientalis : A Review

Neetu Jain* and Meenakshi Sharma Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur *Corresponding Author E-mail: [email protected] Received: 13.05.2017 | Revised: 24.05.2017 | Accepted: 25.05.2017

ABSTRACT Thuja orientalis commonly known as white cedar belonging to family Cupressacae is an monoecious small tree or shrub. It is also known as Tree of life and Orientale Arbor-Vitae in English. T. orientalis has an effective natural origin that has a tremendous future for research as the novelty and applicability are still hidden. Thuja is used for treatment of bronchial catarrh, enuresis, cystitis, psoriasis, uterine carcinomas, amenorrhea, rheumatism, asthma, skin infections, mumps, bacterial dysentery, arthritic pains and premature blandness. Different parts of plant are exhibited extensively biological activities like hair growth-promoting, antiviral, anti- allergic, anti-epileptic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant, and antifungal activities. Apart of these effects, it can be used as nematicidal, insecticidal and molluscicidal activity against various pests. The present review article give comprehensive information about various medicinal and traditional utility of the chemical composition and pharmacological activity of the plant and its constituents.

Key words: Thuja orientalis, Biological Activities, Bioactive Constituents, Ethanomedicinal use.

INTRODUCTION usually 1-10 mm long, needle like in first year, Thuja orientalis commonly known as arbor and become scale like in later. These leaves vitae or white cedar or morpankhi belonging to are arranged in alternate decussate pairs in family Cupressacae is well known medicinal four rows along the twigs. The flower are plant. T. orientalis is naturally distributed and monoecious (individual flowers are either cultivated in large parts of Asia as described male or female, but both sexes can be found on in history. It is assumed to have originated the same plant) and are pollinated by wind. from northern and north-eastern China, Korea The male and female flowers are usually borne ,Siberia, Japan, Taiwan and Central Asia. Most on separate twigs or branchlets. They are tiny, of the places it grow like an ornamental plant. terminal, cone-like bodies. The male cones Plant is usually 10-200 feet tall, with stringy rounded and reddish or yellowish, the female surfaced reddish brown bark. Leaves are very small and green or tinged with purple.

Cite this article: Jain, N. and Sharma, M., Ethanobotany, Phytochemical and Pharmacological Aspects of Thuja orientalis : A Review, Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 5(4): 73-83 (2017). doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.2976

Jain and Sharma Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 5 (4): 73-83 (2017) ISSN: 2320 – 7051 Mature cones are solitary, egg shaped or homeopathy, etc. for treatment of bronchial 1 oblong, 8 to 16 millimeters (about /2 inch) catarrh, enuresis, cystitis, psoriasis, uterine long, with 4 to 6 (but sometimes 3 or as many carcinomas, amenorrhea and rheumatism. as 10) pairs of thin, flexible scales that Traditionally it is used in the treatment of terminate in thickened ridges processes. Seed cough. The plant has been exhibited flattened, ovoid 5-7mm and 3-4 mm wingless. extensively biological activities like hair It is extensively cultivated as an ornamental growth-promoting, antiviral, anti-allergic, anti- tree in cool and moist places for its attractive epileptic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, dense foliage and bush like habit of growth. It antioxidant, and antifungal activities. The root is also grown as a hedge plant in India. bark is used in the treatment of burns and Phytochemical constituents of T. orientalis: scalds. The stems are used in the treatment of Biochemical studies reveal that fresh plant coughs, colds, dysentery and parasitic skin- contains essential oil, reducing sugar, water- diseases. The wood of Thuja is commonly soluble polysaccharides, water-soluble used for guitar sound boards10. A yellow dye is minerals, free acid, tannic agents1, flavonoids, obtained from the young branches11. The root saponins, glycosides and alkaloids2. The bark is used in the treatment of burns and essential oil of the fresh leaves (related to the scalds12. monoterpene fraction) composed of 65% Antibacterial activity: thujone, 8% isothujone, 8% fenchone, 5% Essential oils are useful sources of sabines and 2% -pinene as the main antimicrobial compounds. The presence of monoterpenes1,3. Other monoterpenes, namely antibacterial components in plants are well carvotanacetone, origanol, origanes, myrcen established as they have provided a source of and camphen have also been described1,4-6. T. inspiration for novel drug compounds as orientalis leaves contain rhodoxanthin, The herbal medicine for human health 13. T. heartwood contains aroma- dendrin, taxifolin, orientalis contain large amounts of alpha, beta widdrene, cedrol, thujopsadiene, dehydro -α- and gamma thujaplicin that in low curcumene, β-isobiotol and curcumenether. T. concentration would serve as chelators for orientalis essential oil showed the presence of Solmonella typhimurium14.Chen et al.15 38 compound for 100% of total oil. The major reported the antibacterial activity of T. components were α-pinene (22.25%), 3-carene orientalis against Streptococcus mutans. It was (20.65%), cedrol (18.71%), β –Caryophyllene very effective in inhibiting the growth of (6.13%), α-humulene (5.68%), terpinolene serotypes c and d of Solmonella mutans (MIC (4.53%), and limonene (3.35%)7.Twenty-one less than or equal to 2.0-7.8 mg/ml). compounds were identified; quantitative Manimegalai et al16 studied the antibacterial differences, mainly, between cone and needle activity of chloroform extract of T. orientalis oils by Ismile et al 8. Both oils were rich in against two gram positive pathogenic bacteria, monoterpene hydrocarbons and the major Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus components were α-pinene (64.2 and 49.3%, thuringiensis infecting mulberry silkworm, respectively, in cones and needles), β- Bombyx mori L.. GCMS revealed the presence phellandrene (6.7–9.6%) and α-cedrol (3.9 and of phenanthrene carboxylic acid in the bark 8.2%). extract of T. orientalis. Duhan et al.17 Pharmacological activity of T. orientalis: explored methanol, acetone and ethyl acetate Various extracts of T. orientalis are used in the extracts prepared from leaves of T. orientalis treatment of hamorrhages, coughs, excessive against selected bacterial strains like S. aureus, menstruation, bronchitis, asthma, skin B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa, A. faecalis and K. infections, mumps, bacterial dysentery, pneumoniae. Among the tested strains of arthritic pains and premature blandness9. It is bacteria, B. subtilis (i.e. causal organism of used as a medicinal plant in various forms of dysentery) was found most sensitive against traditional medicines like folk medicine, acetone extract of leaf with maximum zone of Copyright © August, 2017; IJPAB 74

Jain and Sharma Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 5 (4): 73-83 (2017) ISSN: 2320 – 7051 inhibition (15.55 mm) followed by A. faecalis against the Vibrio parahaemplyticus (42.04 ± (15.50 mm). These results were even better 0.18) and Staphylococcus aureus (40.12 ± than synthetic antibiotics i.e penicillin and 1.14), Bacillus subtilis (39.4± 0.11) and ampicillin. Jasuja et al.2 also established the Streptococcus pyogens (33.9 ± 0.11), while it antibacterial properties of leaves of T. showed no activity against the Klebsiella orientalis of methanol: distilled water (70:30) pneumonia, Proteus vulgaris and Salmonella extract against S. aureus, B. subtilis, typhimurium and Micrococcus luteus. Escherichia coli and Agrobacterium Noruzi and Mousivand 25 carried out green tumefaiens. The minimum inhibitory synthesis of zarovelnat nanoparticles from T. concentrations (MICs) of the extract ranged orientalis extract and screened their from 0.55 to 1.15 mg/ml. Wajaht18 also studied antibacterial activity against selected bacteria. the antibacterial activity of Thuja essential oil Zerovalent iron nanoparticles showed a strong against two gram positive bacteria B. subtilis antibacterial effect on B. subtilis and E. MTCC 441 and K. pneumoniae MTCC 19 and amylovora bacteria. against three gram negative bacteria like E. Antimicrobial activity: coli MTCC 443, P. aeroginosa MTCC 1688 Antimicrobial activity of essential oil of the and P. vulgaris MTCC 426. This oil was seed coats of T. orientalis against six bacterial mainly effective against P. vulgaris and E. coli like Bacillus subtilis, Corynaebacterium with highest inhibition zones of 24 and 22 mm diphtheriae, Staphylococcous aureus, respectively. The MIC value of all tested Salmonella typhi, Shigella sp., Escherichia bacteria was found between 12.8-25.6 mg/ml. coli and five fungal pathogenic organism like Similar research works were carried Aspergillus niger, A. fumigatus, Rhizopus out by various workers19-21. Bissa et al.22 also oryzae, Fusarium psidi and Curvularia lunate reported antibacterial activity of petroleum were carried out by Jain and Garg26. The oil ether extract of T. orientalis stem against A. showed good to moderate activity of the oil tumefaciens. Jabeen23 screened 25 medicinal against all six test bacteria. The activity of the plants against bacterial leaf blight. Among all oil against S. typhi has been found remarkable tested plants, cone of T. orientalis extract at 1:1000 dilutions. The activity against the showed excellent antibacterial properties. fungal organisms at dilutions is moderate. Manimegalai et al.16 identified a component Tsiri et al.27 studied the different cultivated phenanthrene carboxylic acid through GCMS species of Thuja in Poland for their isolated from the bark extract. This chemosynthetic value and antimicrobial component was found to responsible for activity. The main constituents in all samples antibacterial behavior against Staphylococcus were the monoterpene ketones α- and β- aureus and Bacillus thuringiensis infecting thujone, fenchone and sabinene, as well as the mulberry silkworm, Bombyx mori L. diterpenes beyerene and rimuene. Antibacterial potentiality of the crude Antimicrobial activity of essential oil were extract and different solvent extracts of the evaluated against S. aureus, S. epidermidis, P. strobilus of T. orientalis was evaluated on aeruginosa, E. cloacae, K. pneumoniae, E. microbial strains like gram negative coli, Candida albicans, C. tropicalis and C. Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas glabrata. Malik and Singh 28 studied the putida and gram positive Bacillus mycoides, B. antimicrobial activity of Thuja leave essential licheniformis using agar well diffusion oil against microorganism isolated from method. Chloroform: methanol (1:1 v/v) urinary tract infections. P. mirabilus and S. extracts showed the best result against the test aureus was found to be most sensitive while bacteria24. Khubeiz et al.7 screened essential E. coli was found to be resistant bacteria. oil of T. orientalis leaves for their chemical Kamal et al.29 studied antimicrobial compositions and antibacterial activities. activity of callus induced from leaf explant of Volatile oil exhibited the highest activity T. orientalis. Callus of explants were grown on Copyright © August, 2017; IJPAB 75

Jain and Sharma Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 5 (4): 73-83 (2017) ISSN: 2320 – 7051 MS media supplemented with 3 mg/l PCIB production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) +0.1 mg/l BA extract is the most active and nitric oxide in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- fraction against E. coli also it is active against stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. The Streptococcus pneumonia and Bacillus CHL and its components showed beneficial subtilis. Callus of explants were grown on MS effects on NO and TNF-α production. media (3 mg/l NAA +0.1 mg/l BA) has higher Consequently, these results provided a activity against n Streptococcus pneumonia. rationale for LPO's traditional applications in Callus of explants were grown on MS media the treatment of inflammatory airway diseases. supplemented with (3 mg/l PCIB +0.1 mg/l Tanveer et al.31conducted experiment for BA) has higher activity against Bacillus evaluating a T. orientalis to treat inflammation subtilis. Callus extracts were also found and pain, to avoid the severe side effects of infective against Candida albicans and currently used agents for these ailments. The Aspergillus sps. aqueous methanolic extract of T. orientalis Antiinflammatory activity: exhibited dose dependant effects as compared Panthong et al. 30 used fresh leaves of P. with standard drug. The standard drug orientalis as an anti-inflammatory agent. Indomethacin showed 79.70 % inhibition, Tanveer et al.31 conducted the study for whereas, TO-Cr showed 13.04 %, 34.00 % and evaluating a natural source to treat 59.57 % inhibition at doses of 50, 100, 300 inflammation and pain, to avoid the severe mg/kg of extract after 3 hours of carrageenan side effects of currently used agents for these injection. ailments. Carrageenan induced inflammatory Antioxidant Activity: Antioxidants play an model, acetic acid induced writhing test and important role in protecting against damage by hot plate methods were used to evaluate anti- reactive oxygen species. Jung et al.35extracted, inflammatory, peripheral and central analgesic purified and examined seven compounds properties of aqueous methanolic extract of T. namely myricitrin, isoquercitrin, hypoletin-7- orientalis fruit (To-Cr) in albino rats. O-b-D-xylopyranoside, quercitrin, kaempferin, Completely randomized design (CRD) was kaempferol, and amentoflavone. Among these constructed for the study and one way isoquercitrin was found to be the most ANOVA was applied to compare means. The effective at attenuating the death of RGC-5 results showed that TO-Cr has significant anti- cells in culture caused by exposure to inflammatory and analgesic properties. Moon hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Antioxidant et al.32 investigated anti-vascular inflammatory effects of T. orientalis were studied by various activity of an aqueous extract of T. orientalis workers36-39. Nizam and Mushfiq40 studied the (ATO) and its possible mechanisms in human water and ethanolic extract of dried and umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). powdered leaves of T. orientalis as Aqueous extract re- incubation inhibited antioxidant. At a concentration of 200 mg, tumor necrosis factor and U937 monocytes water and alcohol extracts of T. orientalis adhesion to HUVECs suggesting that it may inhibited the hydrolysis of DNA by 72.859% inhibit the binding of monocytes to and 65.312%, respectively. Water and alcohol endothelium. Kim et al.33 isolated a extracts of T. orientalis also inhibited 2,2'- new labdane diterpenoid from the leaves and Azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride stem methanolic extracts of T. orientalis and induced RBC hemolysis to the extent of screened it for antiinflammatory properties 69.30% and 54.55%, respectively. Wajaht 18 by the suppression of NF-κB activity and ERK evaluated DPPH free radical scavenging phosphorylation. Si-Yang Fan et al.34evaluated activity by measuring the scavenging activity the anti-inflammatory activities of the of the essential oil on stable 2,2-diphenyl- 1- chloroform fraction (CHL) and pure picryl hydrazyl radical. This plant oil exhibited compounds of LPO for their abilities to inhibit prominent DPPH free radical scavenging pro-inflammatory enzymes in vitro, and activity of 49.8% in comparison to ascorbic Copyright © August, 2017; IJPAB 76

Jain and Sharma Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 5 (4): 73-83 (2017) ISSN: 2320 – 7051 acid and α-tocopherol standard which showed 625μg/ml. At this concentration, TPSg was the activity of 67.95 and 71.2%, respectively. found to be completely non-toxic for MT-4 The DPPH radical scavenging assay is cells, which had not been infected with HIV-1. commonly employed in evaluating the ability TPS were shown to inhibit HIV-1-specific of antioxidants to scavenge free radicals. This antigen expression on freshly infected MT-2 method has been used extensively to predict cells in a dose dependent manner. the antioxidant activity because of the Hassan et al.48, Monica et al.49 studied relatively short time required for analysis. essential oils for their inhibitory activity Aher et al.41studied the antioxidant activity of against Sever Acute Respiratory Syndrome bark extract of T. orientalis by using various in Coronavirus (SARS- Coronavirus) and Herpes vitro models like Hydrogen peroxide Simplex Virus Type-1 (HSV-1) replication in scavenging method, and, Nitric oxide method vitro by visually scoring of the virus-induced and found significant antioxidant properties. cytopathogenic effect post-infection. Offergeld Antipyretic Activity: et al.50 also demonstrated that allopathic Jaswal et.al42reported that alcoholic extract of extracts of T. orientalis could be used as P. orientalis produced significant antipyretic strong antiviral agents against plant and animal activity (p < 0.05). They suggested that non- viruses steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs produce Anticancer Activity: their antipyretic action through the inhibition Cytotoxicologic studies of the extracts of of prostaglandin synthesis within the Iranian Juniperus sabina and P. orientalis on hypothalamus cancer cells was carried out by Jafarian et Antiproliferative Activity: Spacer and al.51.The cytotoxic effects of the extracts on Breder43 investigated the antiproliferative three human tumor cell lines (Hela, KB, and activity of essential oils obtained from some MDA-MB-468) were determined. Different medicinal plants and isolated the effective concentrations of extracts were added to components. Essential oil of T. orientalis was cultured cells and incubated for 72 h. Cell found to be effective against amelanotic survival was evaluated using MTT-based melanoma with an IC50 of 330.04μg/mL, cytotoxicity assay. respectively. Three components, linalool. Elsharkawy et al.52 carried out the terpenes, β- caryophyllene and α-cedol were comparative analysis of antioxidant and found to be active on tested cell lines. anticancer activity of T. orientalis growing in Cytotoxicological activity: Amirghofran and Egypt and Saudi Arabia. Saudi oil extract also Karimi 44 studied the cytotoxic activity of possess highest cytotoxic activities against ethanolic extract of T. orientalis on various MCF7, followed by, PC3 and, Hep-G2 while tumor cell line. Various concentrations of T. the least activity was recorded against lung orientalis showed stimulatory effects on this carcinoma cell line. The highest antioxidant cell line (%inhibition range - 34.00 to -21.4). and cytotoxic activity of Thuja plant growing Study of the effect of two low and high in Saudi Arabia were correlated with its high concentrations of the extracts on nitrogen- content of some compounds which are rich in induced human lymphocytes resulted in a Saudi plant and absence in Egyptian plant. slight increase at 50 llg/rnL (Stimulation Essential oil was found to be very rich in index, SI range 1.19 to 1.37,p<0.01). Kosuge Phellandrene, Terpenyl acetat, and β - et al.45 isolated deoxy podophyllotoxin (a Caryophyllene with high concentrations. lignane) from P. orientalis leaves and studied Sunila et al.53reported that a long-chain sugar its cytotoxic effect against HeLa cells. molecule or polysaccharide, obtained from Antiviral Activity: Gohla et al.46-47described leaves extract of T. orientalis decreased the that Thuja polysaccharides (TPS) inhibited inflammation caused by cancer. It also human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)- prevented the cancer from spreading dependent cell death at a final concentration of throughout the body. Copyright © August, 2017; IJPAB 77

Jain and Sharma Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 5 (4): 73-83 (2017) ISSN: 2320 – 7051 Larvicidal Activity: Larvicidal activities of T. red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum Herbst). orientalis oil against 4th-instar larvae of Aedes Twenty-six compounds (92.9%) and 23 aegypti and Culex pipiens pallens has been constituents (97.8%) were identified in the leaf observed by Ju-Hyun et al.54. Larvicidal and the fruit oils, respectively. Leaf oils were activity of T. orientalis leaf oil was higher than more toxic than fruit oils against three species those of stem, fruit, and seeds oils. Essential of insects α-Pinene, a monoterpenoid, is the oils of leaves and fruits of T. orientalis at 400 major component in P. orientalis essential oil. ppm caused 100% and 71.6% mortalities There are numerous reports on biological against A. aegypti. Dwivedi and Shekhawat 55 activity of α-pinene. Ojimelukwe and Adler62 reported leaf extracts of T. orientalis as found α-pinene was toxic to Tribolium repellent agent against Chilo partellus. T. confusum du Val. orientalis ether extract (68.63%), acetone Hair growth promoting activity: T. extracts (67.51%) have sufficient repellent orientalis has been applied to treat patients action. Anju and Sharma56 also reported foliar who suffer from baldness and hair loss in East application of semi-solid crude extract of T. Asia from decades. Zhang et al.63 observed orientalis on maize very effective against that hot water extract of T. orientalis Chilo partellus. promoted hair growth by inducing the anagen Nematicidal Activity: Plant parasitic phase in telogenic C57BL/6 N mice. Topical nematodes are the most destructive group of application of T. orientalis extract induced an plant pathogens worldwide and their control is earlier anagen phase and prolonged the mature extremely challenging. Parihar et al.57 anagen phase, in contrast to either the control conducted a experiment for the test of or 1% minoxidil-treated group. nematostatic potential of aqueous extracts of Molluscicidal Activity: The molluscicidal different plant parts viz., leaves, flowers and activity leaf powder of T. orientalis against the seeds of T. orientalis and Calotropis procera. snail Lymnaea acuminata was studied. The They reported that the higher concentration of molluscicidal activity of all the plant products plant parts of C. procera and T. was found to be both time and concentration orientalis showed more potential nematostatic dependent. The 96 h LC50 of T. orientalis leaf properties as compared to lower concentration. powder against L. acuminata was 250.5 mg/l. Insecticidal Activity: Foliar application of Ethanol extracts were more toxic than other semi-solid crude extract of T. orientalis on organic extracts. Thujone (24 h LC50- 08.09 maize was very effective against Chilo mg/l) was identified as active molluscicidal partellus56. Leaf extracts of T. orientalis shows component in T. orientalis64. a repellent activity against Chilo partellus. T. Antifungal activity: orientalis ether extract (68.63%), acetone Essential oil are potential source of antifungal extracts (67.51%) have sufficient repellent agents. Ezzat 65 Studied the inhibition of action 55. Essential oils derived from plant Candida albican through different plant species of Platycladus have been evaluated for extract and essential oils. Methanolic extract insecticidal properties by Keita et al.58 ; of Thuja leave and male cone showed Pavela59 ; Jeon et al. 60 revealed that considerable inhibition of C. albicans by cut insecticidal activity of P. orientalis leaves oils plug technique and filter paper disc assay. against 4th-instar larvae of Aede aegypti and Mishra et al.66 studied antifungal activity of Culex pipiens pallens was significantly higher aqueous leaf extract of T. orientalis against than stem, fruit, and seed oils. Curvularia lunata. Rakotonirainy67 studied the Hashemi and Safavi 61 studied the use of Thuja oil in control of bio toxicity of essential oils of leaves and fruits contamination in libraries and archives storage obtained from P. orientalis against adults of areas, and showed that this oil had little cowpea weevil (Callosobruchus maculatus inhibitory effect on the fungal combination. Fab.), rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzae L.), and Copyright © August, 2017; IJPAB 78

Jain and Sharma Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 5 (4): 73-83 (2017) ISSN: 2320 – 7051 The essential oil exhibited antifungal activity Medizin. Notamed Verlag, Bad in the inhibition zone against Alternaria Homburg/Melsungen., 250–259 (1983). alternata and Curvularia lunata in a direct 2. Jasuja, N.D., Sharma, S.K., Saxena, R., bioautography assay by lipophilic leaf extract Choudhary, J., Sharma, R., Joshi, S. C. of T. orientalis. Best bioactive component (Rf Antibacterial, antioxidant, phytochemical = 0.80) were isolated and noted for antifungal investigation of Thuja orientalis leaves. J. activity. The maximum zone of inhibition Med. Plants Res. 7(25): 1886-1893 30mm was reported against A. alternata 68-69 (2013). followed by 22mm against C. lunata . 3. Magda T. Ibrahim, Nevein M. Abdel- Anthelmintic activity : Hady and Lamiaa N. Hammad, GC/MS Niranjan et al.70 studied ethanol extract from Analysis and biochemical studies of the the leaves of P. orientalis for their essential oil of Thuja orientalis L. growing anthelmintic activity against Pheretima in Egypt. Bull. Fac. Pharm. Cairo Univ. posthuma. Three concentrations (1%, 2.5% 42( 1): (2004) and 5%) of extract were studied in activity, which involved the determination of time of 4. Witte, L., Berlin, J., Wray, V., Schubert, paralysis and death of the worm. The extract W., Kohl, W., Höfle, G., Hammer, J. exhibited significant dose dependent Monound diterpenes from cell cultures of anthelmintic activity. Jaswal et al.42 first time Thuja occidentalis. Planta Med. 49: 216– studied the anthelmintic activity of ethanolic 21 (1983). extract of leaves of T. orientalis against 5. Berlin, J., Witte, L., Schubert, W., Wray, Pheretima posthuma. Three V. Determination and quantification of concentration(1%,2.5%,5%) of extract were monoterpenoids secreted into the medium used which involved the determination of time of cell cultures of Thuja occidentalis. of paralysis and death of worm. The extract Phytochemistry 23: 1277–9 (1984). exhibited significant dose dependent 6. Kawai, S., Hasegawa, T., Gotoh, M., anthelmintic activity. Ohashi, H. 4-O-Demethylatein from the branch wood of Thuja occidentalis. CONCLUSION Phytochemistry 37: 1699–702 (1994). The review article discussed all the 7. Khubeiz, M.J., Mansour , G., Zahraa, B. pharmacological activity of all the extract of Antibacterial and phytochemical all plant parts of T. orientalis till date. The investigation of Thuja orientalis (L.) major pharmacological activity of Thuja are leaves essential oil from Syria. Int. J. antibacterial, antioxidant, antifungal, anti- Curr. Pharmaceu. Rev. Res. 7(5): 243-247 inflammatory, anthelmintic, anticarcinogenic, (2016). molluscicidal, nematicidal, larvicidial, and 8. Ismile, A., Mohsen, H., Bassem,J., Lamia, antiviral. Hot water extract of thuja was H. Chemical composition of Thuja reported as hair growth promoter. All the prominent activities of T. orientalis are orientalis L. essential oils and study of presented and significant results have been their allelopathic potential on germination reported regarding the various activities and seedling growth of weeds. J. discussed in the review. Furthermore Phytopath. Pl. Protect. 48(1):18-27(2014). considering its multifaceted medicinal uses, 9. Bown, D. Encyclopedia of Herbs and their there is wide scope for future research. Uses. (1995). Conflict of Interest: Authors has no conflict 10. Bucur V. Acoustics of wood. Boca Raton: of interest CRC Press. 298 (1995). 11. Grieve M. A modern Herbal. Penguin. REFERENCES 1984. 1. Harnischfeger, G., Stolze, H. Bewährte 12. Duke, J.A., Ayensu, E.S.Medicinal plants Pflanzendrogen in Wissenschaft und of China. Houghton Mifflin China pp. 90 – 91 (1985). Copyright © August, 2017; IJPAB 79

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Jain and Sharma Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 5 (4): 73-83 (2017) ISSN: 2320 – 7051 67. Rakotonirainy, M.S., Lavédrine, B. 69. Guleria, S., Kumarb, A., Tikua, A. K. Screening for antifungal activity of Chemical composition and fungitoxic essential oils and related compounds to activity of essential oil of Thuja orientalis control the bio contamination in libraries L. grown in the North- Western Himalaya. and archives storage areas. Int. Z. Naturforsch. 63: 211-214 (2008). Biodeterior. Biodegradation 55:141–147 70. Sutar, N., Garaj R. et al. Anthelmintic (2005). activity of Platycladus orientalis leaves 68. Guleria, S., Kumar, A. Antifungal activity extract. Int. J. Parasit. Res. 2(2): 01-03 of some Himalayan medicinal plants using (2010). direct bioautography. J. of Cell Mol. Bio.5: 95-98 (2006).