Oÿahu Zone 2 (Less than 50 inches rainfall per year, 150 to 1,000 feet elevation)

Oÿahu Zone 2, Fern/Fern Ally Heigh Spread Species Common name End/ind/pol (ft)t (ft) ÿIwaÿiwa, ÿiwaÿiwa häwai, ÿiwaÿiwa kahakaha, Adiantum capillus-veneris Indigenous 1 to 2 1 Venus’ hair fern, maidenhair fern Asplenium horridum var. glabratum ÿIwa, ÿalae, spleenwort Indigenous 1 to 4 4 Asplenium horridum var. horridum ÿIwa, ÿalae, spleenwort Indigenous 1 to 4 4 ÿËkaha, ÿëkaha kuahiwi, ÿëkahakaha, bird’s nest Asplenium nidus Indigenous 4 to 6 6 fern Doodia kunthiana ÿÖkupukupu, pämoho, ÿökupukupu lauÿiÿi, Endemic 1 to 2 3 Doryopteris decipiens ÿIwaÿiwa, manawahua, kumuniu, Endemic 1 1 Doryopteris decora N/A Endemic 1 1 Doryopteris subdecipiens (D. decipiens x D. decora) N/A Endemic 1 1 Dryopteris glabra var. pusila N/A Endemic <1 to 1 1 Lepisorus thunbergianus Päkahakaha, ÿëkaha, ÿäkölea, puaÿa, Indigenous 1 to 2 1 Marsilea villosa ÿIhiÿihi, ÿihiÿihi läÿau, Endemic <1 to 1 11 Nephrolepis exaltata ssp. Niÿaniÿau, ÿökupukupu, pämoho, kupukupu, Endemic 1 to 4 8 hawaiiensis palapalai, sword fern Nephrolepis x medlerae (N. Kupukupu, ÿökupukupu, Hawaiian sword fern exaltata ssp. hawaiiensis x N. Endemic 1 to 4 8 multiflora) hybrid Ophioglossum nudicaule Adder’s tongue Indigenous <1 2 Ophioglossum petiolatum Adder’s tongue Indigenous <1 2 Ophioglossum polyphyllum Pololei, adder’s tongue Indigenous <1 11 Pityrogramma x mckenneyi Fool’s gold fern (endemic hybrid of naturalized (P. austroamericana x P. Endemic 3 2 calomelanos) species) Moa, moa nahele, pipi, ÿoÿomoa, upright Psilotum nudum Indigenous <1 to 2 2 whiskfern

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Oÿahu Zone 2, Grass/Sedge Height Spread Species Common name End/ind/pol (ft) (ft) Agrostis avenacea Heÿupueo, bentgrass Indigenous 1 to 2 <1 Carex meyenii N/A Indigenous 1 to 3 2 Carex wahuensis ssp. N/A Endemic 1 to 4 2 rubiginosa Mänienie ÿula, piÿipiÿi, pilipili ÿula, golden Possibly Chrysopogon aciculatus 1 2 beardgrass Indigenous Cyperus hillebrandii ssp. N/A Endemic 1 to 3 1 hillebrandii Cyperus javanicus ÿAhuÿawa, ÿehuÿawa Indigenous 2 to 4 2 Cyperus pennatiformis var. N/A Endemic 2 to 5 2 pennatiformis Eragrostis atropioides Lovegrass Endemic 4 to 6 1 Käwelu, ÿemoloa, kalamälö, lovegrass Endemic 2 to 3 2 Heteropogon contortus Pili, lule, pili grass, twisted beardgrass, tanglehead Indigenous 2 to 4 1 Ischaemum bryone Hilo ischaemum Endemic 2 to 3 2 Panicum fauriei var. carteri Carter’s panic grass Endemic <1 to 2 1 Panicum fauriei var. fauriei Panic grass Endemic <1 to 2 1 Panicum fauriei var. latius Panic grass Endemic <1 to 2 1 Panicum torridum Käkonakona, häkonakona, panic grass Endemic <1 to 3 1 Panicum xerophilum Käkonakona, heÿupueo, panic grass Endemic <1 to 3 1 Paspalum scrobiculatum Mauÿu laiki, ricegrass Indigenous 2 to 5 2 Polynesian Saccharum officinarum Kö, sugarcane 8 to 11 8 introduction

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Oÿahu Zone 2, Herbaceous Height Spread Species Common name End/ind/pol (ft) (ft) Argemone glauca var. glauca Pua kala, kala, naule, pökalakala, Hawaiian poppy Endemic 3 to 6 4 Bacopa monnieri ÿAeÿae, water hyssop Indigenous <1 8 Bidens amplectens Koÿokoÿolau, koÿolau Endemic 2 to 5 4 Bidens cervicata Koÿokoÿolau, koÿolau Endemic 3 to 10 8 Bidens molokaiensis Koÿokoÿolau, koÿolau Endemic <1 to 1 1 Centaurium sebaeoides ÿÄwiwi Endemic <1 to 1 1 Cleome spinosa Honohino, ÿiliÿohu, spider flower Indigenous 4 to 5 1 Cleome spinosa ssp. nov Honohino, ÿiliÿohu, spider flower Endemic 4 to 5 1 Dianella sandwicensis ÿUkiÿuki, ÿuki Indigenous 2 to 8 6 Lipochaeta lobata ssp. leptophylla Nehe Endemic 2 to 6 4 Lipochaeta lobata var. lobata Nehe Endemic 2 to 6 4 Lipochaeta succulenta Nehe Endemic 2 to 6 4 Melanthera remyi Nehe Endemic 2 4 Nama sandwicensis Hinahina kahakai Endemic <1 1 Possible ÿIhi ÿai, ÿihi ÿawa, ÿihi maka ÿula, ÿihi mäkole, Oxalis corniculata Polynesian <1 to 1 2 yellow wood sorrel Introduced Peperomia blanda var. ÿAlaÿala wai nui Indigenous 1 2 floribunda Possibly Persicaria glabra Kämole 2 to 6 6 Indigenous ÿAlaÿala wai nui, ÿalaÿala wai nui pua kï, ÿalaÿala Plectranthus parviflorus Indigenous <1 to 4 4 wai nui wahine, spurflower Portulaca villosa ÿIhi Endemic 1 2 Pseudognaphalium sandwicensium var. ÿEnaÿena, püheu Endemic <1 to 2 2 sandwicensium Pöpolo, ÿolohua, polopolo, pöpolohua, glossy Possibly Solanum americanum 4 to 5 4 nightshade Indigenous Tribulus cistoides Nohu, nohunohu Indigenous <1 to 1 6

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Oÿahu Zone 2, Subshrub Height Spread Species Common name End/ind/pol (ft) (ft) Artemisia australis ÿÄhinahina, hinahina, hinahina kuahiwi Endemic 1 to 2 4 Lepidium bidentatum var. o- ÿÄnaunau, ÿänounou, künänä, naunau, pepperwort, Endemic 1 to 2 1 waihiense peppergrass Rumex albescens Huÿahuÿakö Endemic 2 to 4 8 globosa N/A Endemic 1 to 2 3 Schiedea kealiae N/A Endemic 1 to 2 4 Possibly Sida rhombifolia N/A 2 to 6 4 Indigenous Tephrosia purpurea var. Polynesian ÿAuhuhu, ahuhu, ÿauhola, hola 4 to 6 4 purpurea introduction ÿUhaloa, ÿalaÿala pü loa, hala ÿuhaloa, hiÿaloa, Waltheria indica Indigenous 2 to 8 4 kanakaloa

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Oÿahu Zone 2, Height Spread Species Common name End/ind/pol (ft) (ft) Possibly Abutilon incanum Maÿo, hoary abutilon 2 to 4 8 Indigenous Abutilon menziesii Koÿoloa ÿula Endemic 8 to 11 11 Achyranthes splendens var. rotundata Hinahina ÿewa Endemic 2 to 8 4 Alyxia oliviformis Maile Endemic 4 to 11 8 Capparis sandwichiana Maiapilo, pilo, pua pilo Endemic 4 to 19 11 Chamaesyce celastroides var. kaenana ÿAkoko, koko, ÿekoko, kökömälei Endemic 2 to 4 6 Chamaesyce kuwaleana ÿAkoko, koko, ÿekoko, kökömälei Endemic 1 to 3 2 Chamaesyce multiformis var. microphylla ÿAkoko, koko, ÿekoko, kökömälei Endemic 2 to 11 8 Chamaesyce multiformis var. multiformis ÿAkoko, koko, ÿekoko, kökömälei Endemic 2 to 11 8 Chamaesyce skottsbergii var. skottsbergii ÿAkoko, koko, ÿekoko, kökömälei Endemic 1 to 8 6 ÿÄheahea, ÿahea, ÿähewahewa, alaweo, alaweo Chenopodium oahuense Endemic 2 to 11 8 huna, ÿäweoweo, kähaÿihaÿi ÿÄnapanapa, kauila ÿänapanapa, kauila kukuku, Colubrina asiatica Indigenous 4 to 8 8 kolokolo, kukuku Gossypium tomentosum Maÿo, huluhulu, Hawaiian cotton Endemic 2 to 6 11 Hedyotis coriacea Kioÿele Endemic 2 to 8 4 Hibiscus brackenridgei ssp. mokuleianus Maÿo hau hele Endemic 4 to 11 8 Isodendrion laurifolium Aupaka Endemic 4 to 11 2 Isodendrion pyrifolium Wahine noho kula Endemic 3 to 8 8 Kohe malama malama o Kanaloa, ka palupalu o Kanaloa kahoolawensis Endemic 2 to 8 6 Kanaloa Neraudia angulata var. angulata N/A Endemic 6 to 11 6 Osteomeles anthyllidifolia ÿÜlei, eluehe, uÿulei Indigenous 4 to 11 10 Phyllanthus distichus Pämakani mähü, pämakani Endemic 1 to 8 6 Plumbago zeylanica ÿIlieÿe, hilieÿe, ÿiliheÿe, lauhihi Indigenous 1 15 Scaevola gaudichaudii Naupaka kuahiwi Endemic 2 to 6 8 Schiedea adamantis N/A Endemic 1 to 3 2 Senna gaudichaudii Kolomona, heuhiuhu, kalamona, uhiuhi Indigenous 2 to 15 8 Sesbania tomentosa ÿOhai Endemic 2 to 10 19 ÿIlima Indigenous 1 to 11 8 Solanum nelsonii ÿÄkia, pöpolo Endemic 3 to 4 6 Wikstroemia uva-ursi var. uva-ursi ÿÄkia, kauhi Endemic 4 to 6 6

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Oÿahu Zone 2, /Shrub Species Common name End/ind/pol Height Spread (ft) (ft) Caesalpinia kavaiensis Uhiuhi, käwaÿu, kea Endemic 15 to 38 31 ÿAÿaliÿi, ÿaÿaliÿi kü makani, ÿaÿaliÿi kü ma kua, Indigenous 8 to 31 15 kümakani koolauensis Nïoi Endemic 8 to 27 11 Nïoi Indigenous 6 to 27 10 Hibiscus kokio ssp. kokio Kokiÿo, kokiÿo ÿula, kokiÿo ÿulaÿula, mäkü Endemic 4 to 27 11 Hibiscus tiliaceus Hau Indigenous 8 to 76 38 Morinda citrifolia Noni, Indian mulberry Polynesian 11 to 23 19 introduction Nesoluma polynesicum Keahi Indigenous 19 to 38 27 Nototrichium sandwicense Kuluÿï Endemic 3 to 27 23 Pisonia brunoniana Päpala këpau, päpala Indigenous 11 to 23 11 Pittosporum confertiflorum Höÿawa, häÿawa Endemic 8 to 34 11 ÿÄlaÿa, äulu, ÿëlaÿa, kaulu Endemic 46 to 76 38 Alaheÿe, ÿöheÿe, walaheÿe Indigenous 11 to 57 23 ellipticum ÿIliahialoÿe, coast Endemic 4 to 19 11 var. ÿIliahi, ÿaÿahi, ÿaoa, läÿau ÿala, wahie ÿala, Endemic 4 to 50 27 freycinetianum sandalwood Thespesia populnea Milo, portia tree Indigenous 19 to 76 19

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Oÿahu Zone 2, Tree Height Spread Species Common name End/ind/pol (ft) (ft) Koaiÿa, koaiÿe, koaÿohä Endemic 76 to 96 76 Kauila, kauwila, oÿa Endemic 15 to 96 57 Hame, haÿä, haÿämaile, hamehame, mehame, Antidesma pulvinatum Endemic 8 to 46 15 mehamehame sandwicensis ÿAhakea Endemic 34 to 38 19 Bobea timonioides ÿAhakea Endemic 34 to 38 19 Charpentiera obovata Päpala Endemic 17 to 23 11 Polynesian Cocos nucifera Niu, ololani, coconut 96 to 115 11 introduction Diospyros sandwicensis Lama, ëlama Endemic 8 to 57 23 Erythrina sandwicensis Wiliwili Endemic 46 to 57 46 Flueggea neowawraea Mëhamehame Endemic 96 to 115 57 Kokia lanceolata Kokiÿo, hau hele ÿula Endemic 15 to 34 11 Olopua, pua, ulupua Endemic 31 to 96 23 Pisonia sandwicensis Äulu, kaulu Endemic 46 to 57 19 Pleomele forbesii Hala pepe, leÿie Endemic 11 to 27 15 Psychotria mariniana Köpiko Endemic 38 to 76 38 ÿOhe, ÿohe kukuluaeÿo, ÿohe makai, ÿoheÿohe, Reynoldsia sandwicensis Endemic 76 to 115 57 ÿoheokai Rhus sandwicensis Neleau, neneleau, sumac Endemic 11 to 31 11 Sapindus oahuensis Lonomea, äulu, kaulu Endemic 23 to 57 38 Xylosma hawaiiense Maua, aÿe Endemic 11 to 34 15 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Käwaÿu, käwaÿu kua kuku Endemic 15 to 57 19 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Käwaÿu, käwaÿu kua kuku kapa Endemic 15 to 57 23

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Oÿahu Zone 2,Vine/Liana Height Spread Species Common name End/ind/pol (ft) (ft) Bonamia menziesii N/A Endemic 38 to 57 15 Caesalpinia bonduc Käkalaioa, hihikolo, gray nickers Indigenous 57 to 115 38 Käkalaioa, hihikolo, kinikini, yellow nickers, Possibly Caesalpinia major 46 to 57 38 Hawaiian pearls Indigenous Pöniu, haleakaiÿi, ÿinalua, pöhuehue uka, Possibly Cardiospermum halicacabum 8 to 11 8 heartseed, balloon vine Indigenous Cocculus orbiculatus Huehue, hue, hueÿie, ÿinalua Indigenous 2 to 11 11 Kaunaÿoa, kaunaÿoa kahakai, kaunaÿoa lei, Cuscuta sandwichiana Endemic 1 to 23 11 kaunoÿa, pölolo, dodder Gouania vitifolia N/A Endemic 8 to 19 11 Koali ÿai, koali, koali ÿaiÿai, koali lau manamana, Ipomoea cairica Indigenous 11 to 15 8 kowali, paÿaliÿi, ivy-leaved morning glory Ipomoea indica Koali ÿawa, koali ÿawahia, koali läÿau, koali pehu Indigenous 19 to 27 15 Ipomoea pes-caprae var. brasiliensis Pöhuehue, puhuehue, beach morning glory Indigenous 1 19 Ipomoea tuboides Hawaiian moon flower Endemic 11 to 19 11 Possible Lablab purpureus Päpapa, pï, hyacinth bean Polynesian 15 to 19 19 Introduced Mucuna gigantea ssp. Käÿeÿe, käÿeÿeÿe, sea bean Indigenous 31 to 57 153 gigantea Mucuna sloanei var. sloanei Cow-itch plant, sea bean, sheep’s eye Indigenous 38 to 57 38 Sicyos erostratus ÿÄnunu Endemic 4 to 8 4 Sicyos pachycarpus Küpala Endemic 11 to 27 11 Sicyos waimanaloensis ÿÄnunu Endemic 11 to 31 15 Vigna adenantha N/A Indigenous 11 to 15 11 Mohihihi, lemuomakili, nanea, ÿökolemakili, Vigna marina pühili, pühilihili, pülihilihi, wahine ÿömaÿo, beach Indigenous 11 to 15 15 pea Vigna o-wahuensis N/A Endemic <1 to 2 1

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