Lessons Learned from the Baltimore Colts
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Valuation of NFL Franchises
Valuation of NFL Franchises Author: Sam Hill Advisor: Connel Fullenkamp Acknowledgement: Samuel Veraldi Honors thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Graduation with Distinction in Economics in Trinity College of Duke University Duke University Durham, North Carolina April 2010 1 Abstract This thesis will focus on the valuation of American professional sports teams, specifically teams in the National Football League (NFL). Its first goal is to analyze the growth rates in the prices paid for NFL teams throughout the history of the league. Second, it will analyze the determinants of franchise value, as represented by transactions involving NFL teams, using a simple ordinary-least-squares regression. It also creates a substantial data set that can provide a basis for future research. 2 Introduction This thesis will focus on the valuation of American professional sports teams, specifically teams in the National Football League (NFL). The finances of the NFL are unparalleled in all of professional sports. According to popular annual rankings published by Forbes Magazine (http://www.Forbes.com/2009/01/13/nfl-cowboys-yankees-biz-media- cx_tvr_0113values.html), NFL teams account for six of the world’s ten most valuable sports franchises, and the NFL is the only league in the world with an average team enterprise value of over $1 billion. In 2008, the combined revenue of the league’s 32 teams was approximately $7.6 billion, the majority of which came from the league’s television deals. Its other primary revenue sources include ticket sales, merchandise sales, and corporate sponsorships. The NFL is also known as the most popular professional sports league in the United States, and it has been at the forefront of innovation in the business of sports. -
A Guide to the Records of the Mayor and City Council at the Baltimore City Archives
Governing Baltimore: A Guide to the Records of the Mayor and City Council at the Baltimore City Archives William G. LeFurgy, Susan Wertheimer David, and Richard J. Cox Baltimore City Archives and Records Management Office Department of Legislative Reference 1981 Table of Contents Preface i History of the Mayor and City Council 1 Scope and Content 3 Series Descriptions 5 Bibliography 18 Appendix: Mayors of Baltimore 19 Index 20 1 Preface Sweeping changes occurred in Baltimore society, commerce, and government during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. From incorporation in 1796 the municipal government's evolution has been indicative of this process. From its inception the city government has been dominated by the mayor and city council. The records of these chief administrative units, spanning nearly the entire history of Baltimore, are among the most significant sources for this city's history. This guide is the product of a two year effort in arranging and describing the mayor and city council records funded by the National Historical Publications and Records Commission. These records are the backbone of the historical records of the municipal government which now total over three thousand cubic feet and are available for researchers. The publication of this guide, and three others available on other records, is preliminary to a guide to the complete holdings of the Baltimore City Archives scheduled for publication in 1983. During the last two years many debts to individuals were accumulated. First and foremost is my gratitude to the staff of the NHPRC, most especially William Fraley and Larry Hackman, who made numerous suggestions regarding the original proposal and assisted with problems that appeared during the project. -
UCLA Historical Journal
Book Reviews 141 Book Reviews William Gildea. Wben the Colts Belonged to Baltimore: A Father and a Son, A Team and a Time. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994 ViNCE BaGLI and NORMAN L. MacHT. Sundays at 2:00 with the Baltimore Colts. Centreville: Tidewater Publishers, 1995. ports history has been one of the most rapidly growing subdisciplines of J social and cultural history. Almost nonexistent as an academic field two decades ago, its practitioners have since generated a wide-ranging literature, and the usual scholarly apparatus journals and professional organizations. Yet, as is often the case scholars study a topic of popular interest, their work has done little to excite or engage the general reader. Sports histories written for the average fan focus on the great athletes, teams, and games. Academic histories try to imbed those sports in the social and cultural milieu of their community, explaining why they attract the interest they do, and how they shape public space. Recently, two books have appeared which bridge the gap between the popular and the scholarly. Ironically, both also focus on the same team-the former Baltimore Colts of the National Football League. William Gildea's When the Colts Belonged to Baltimore: A Father and a Son, A Team and a Time is a personal memoir of what the team meant to him. Gildea was a young boy when the Colts were created. His father was a busy manager for a chain of drug stores. Watching, discussing, and reading about sports were central to their shared father-son experiences. Gildea describes their autumn ritual of attending mass, and driving across Baltimore to Memorial Stadium, sharing insights into the upcoming game. -
Gino Marchetti
THE COFFIN CORNER: Vol. 18, No. 5 (1996) GINO MARCHETTI by Don Smith Ernest and Maria Marchetti always had the somewhat normal parental fear that their son, Gino, would be hurt playing football. "Whatever you do, Gino," the elder Marchetti used to say, stay out of the other boys' way, so they no hurt you." Every quarterback who played in the National Football League in the 1950s and early 60s wishes like everything Gino had followed his father's advice. But Gino Marchetti, 6-4, 245 pounds and extremely talented, didn't listen to his father and Gino wound up instead as "the greatest defensive end in pro football history," as selected by a special panel of experts in 1969. Many will say that a better pass rusher never lived. It is an irony that Ernest Marchetti, who had shunned opportunities to see his son play in high school, college and the early years of pro football, finally did tune in on the national telecast of the 1958 NFL championship game between Gino's team, the Baltimore Colts, and the New York Giants. The game turned out to be, in many eyes, "the greatest game ever played," and the Colts won, 23-17, in overtime. Gino, however, wasn't around at the finish. He had suffered a severely broken ankle late in the fourth period while making a critical tackle of the Giants' Frank Gifford. Marchetti's teammate, 300- pound Gene (Big Daddy) Lipscomb, fell on top of Gino after the tackle to cause the injury. Marchetti's stop proved to be a key play for it ended the Giants' drive and gave Baltimore the ball. -
Pro Football Hall of Fame Educational Outreach Program
Acknowledgements The Pro Football Hall of Fame expresses its deepest appreciation to those who put forth the time and effort in assisting the Hall of Fame in developing this educational packet. These individuals were charged with the task of not only revising previous lessons, but creating new lessons as well. The format is designed to fit the educational needs of the many school districts who participate in the Hall of Fame’s Educational Outreach Program throughout the country. Pro Football Hall of Fame’s Educational Advisory Panel Jerry Csaki Educational Programs Coordinator Pro Football Hall of Fame Canton, OH Jami Cutlip, NBCT Crestwood High School Crestwood Local School District Mantua, OH Carol Ann Hart, NBCT McDonald (OH) High School McDonald Local School District Kristy Jones, NBCT Crestwood High School Crestwood Local School District Mantua, OH Jon Kendle Educational Programs Assistant Pro Football Hall of Fame Canton, OH Jon Laird Elyria (OH) Elementary Elyria City School District Jesse McClain, NBCT Boardman (OH) Center Middle School Boardman Local School District Thomas R. Mueller, Ph.D California (PA) University of Pennsylvania Lori M. Perry, NBCT Art Resource Teacher Canton (OH) City School District (* NBCT = National Board Certified Teachers) Pro Football Hall of Fame Educational Outreach Program 1 Indianapolis Colts Edition Pro Football Hall of Fame Educational Outreach Program - Indianapolis Colts Edition - Section I: Football Facts and Figures Section III: Mathematics Colts History ..............................................................5 -
30 for 30 Broke Torrent Download the 30 Best 30 for 30 Documentaries, Ranked
30 for 30 broke torrent download The 30 best 30 for 30 documentaries, ranked. You can stream 30 for 30 , ESPN’s award-winning sports documentary series, on ESPN Plus. 2020 has brought a few new entries to the table that made our list. The Last Dance covered an era-defining, Michael Jordan-led Chicago Bulls team. A compelling new Oscar Pistorius documentary, released Sept. 27, covers his career and the murder that changed everything for him. Here is our ranking of the 30 best 30 for 30 episodes, all of which you can stream on-demand with a subscription to ESPN Plus. Monthly $5.99 Annually $59.99 ESPN+ bundled with Disney+ and Hulu $12.99. The 30 best 30 for 30 episodes. 1) The Last Dance. When sports went on hiatus for the pandemic in Spring 2020, ESPN’s debut of The Last Dance wasn’t just a sports documentary event. It was a bonafide sports event. The eight-hour series followed the Chicago Bulls 1997-98 season—the sixth and final title for Michael Jordan and Scottie Pippen. It is an epic and fascinating look at a legendary dynasty. 2) Celtics/Lakers: Best of Enemies. The NBA’s defining rivalry forms the basis of one of 30 for 30 ’s definitive outings. Told over three parts and five hours, the doc is incredibly thorough and has many of the biggest names associated with the rivalry, including Magic Johnson and Larry Bird. 3) The Two Escobars. This outstanding doc covers soccer player Andres Escobar and drug lord Pablo Escobar, and how the two men, murdered within a year of each other, shaped and continue to shape the public image of Colombia. -
City of Baltimore Phone Numbers
Mayor’s Office of Emergency Management City of Bernard C. “Jack” Young, Mayor BALTIMORE David McMillan, Director Maryland City of Baltimore Phone Numbers Residents can contact these phone numbers to access various City services (note: this is not an exhaustive list). Thank you for your patience during this IT outage. Baltimore City Council Office of the Council President 410-396-4804 District 1 410-396-4821 District 2 410-396-4808 District 3 410-396-4812 District 4 410-396-4830 District 5 410-396-4819 District 6 410-396-4832 District 7 410-396-4810 District 8 410-396-4818 District 9 410-396-4815 District 10 410-396-4822 District 11 410-396-4816 District 12 410-396-4811 District 13 410-396-4829 District 14 410-396-4814 Baltimore City Fire Department (BCFD) Headquarters 410-396-5680 Community Education & Special Events 410-396-8062 Office of the Fire Marshall 410-396-5752 Baltimore City Health Department (BCHD) Animal Control 311 B'More for Healthy Babies 410-396-9994 BARCS 410-396-4695 Community Asthma Program 410-396-3848 Crisis Information Referral Line 410-433-5175 Dental Clinic / Oral Health Services 410-396-4501 Druid Health Clinic 410-396-0185 Emergency Preparedness & Response 443-984-2622 Mayor’s Office of Emergency Management City of Bernard C. “Jack” Young, Mayor BALTIMORE David McMillan, Director Maryland Environmental Health 410-396-4424 Guardianship 410-545-7702 Health Services Request 443-984-3996 Immunization Program 410-396-4544 Lead Poisoning Prevention Program 443-984-2460 LTC Ombudsman 410-396-3144 Main Office 410-396-4398 -
How to Get from Dayton to Indianapolis by Way of Brooklyn, Boston, New York, Dallas, Hershey and Baltimore
THE COFFIN CORNER: Vol. 17, No. 5 (1995) HOW TO GET FROM DAYTON TO INDIANAPOLIS BY WAY OF BROOKLYN, BOSTON, NEW YORK, DALLAS, HERSHEY AND BALTIMORE By Bob Carroll Originally published in Ragtyme Sports Once upon a time -- well, in March of 1995, to be exact -- Ragtyme Sports published Rick Hines' story on Y.A. Tittle, one of my all-time favorite bald quarterbacks. Maybe I enjoyed reminiscing about Y.A. too much because I read right past an error in the article without noticing it, an error that has since given rise to a series of letter-to-the-editor corrections that may have simply confused the issue further. To remind everybody, what Rick wrote was "... the [Baltimore] Colts were one of four AAFC teams taken in by the NFL. The other teams from the defunct AAFC to merge with the NFL were the [Cleveland] Browns, New York Yankees and San Francisco 49ers." The question seems simple enough: which teams and how many of them from the old All-America Football Conference (1946-1949) were taken into the the National Football League in 1950? What Rick wrote was wrong. But also it was sort of right, as I will explain later. Eric Minde, a reader who knows his AAFC potatoes (as my sainted grandpa used to say}, jumped all over Rick. In Issue 4, Eric said: "... the article about Y.A. Tittle identifies the New York Yankees as an AAFC team that transferred to the NFL -- this is also wrong! The New York Yankees folded with the AAFC -- it was the Boston Yanks already in the NFL before the AAFC came into existence that became the New York Bulldogs, then later renamed the New York Yanks." This is right as far as it goes. -
Crown Hill Walking Tour of Indianapolis' Bicentennial Notables
2020 Crown Hill Walking Tour of Indianapolis’ Bicentennial Notables 1. Alexander Ralston (1771-1827) Born in Scotland, Ralston immigrated to the U.S. following the Revolutionary War. He served as personal assistant to Pierre L’Enfant in 1791 during his planning for Washington, D.C. Hired in 1820 to survey land for Indianapolis on a 4-mile plat of dense forest. Inspired by his work with L’Enfant, he designed a Mile Square plan consisting of a central circle with four radiating avenues bisecting a grid of streets. Lot 30, Section 3 (Pictured) 2. John Washington Love (1850-1880) The artist’s palette on the side of Love Family monument is a fitting tribute to this artist. He was the co-founder of the first professional art school in Indianapolis and Indiana. Unfortunately, death at age 30 from “congestion of the stomach” cut short what might have been a very noted career as a painter. Lot 3, Section 3 3. Richard J. Gatling, M.D. (1818-1903) Doctor and prolific inventor best known for his invention of the Gatling gun in 1861, considered the first successful machine gun. He believed his invention would end all wars. Lot 9, Section 3 4. Hiram Bacon (1801-1881) His farm included an area still called Bacon’s Swamp, now a lake just west of Keystone between Kessler and 54th Street in the middle of a retirement community. According to some sources, he used his barn as a stop on the Underground Railroad. Lot 43, Section 3 5. Horatio Newcomb (1821-1882) Indianapolis elected its first mayor in 1847, Samuel Henderson, who left town in 1849 in pursuit of California Gold. -
Download Download
"Sports give people something to believe in, something to hope for, and something in which they can take pride in their community." ROOT ROOT ROOT FOR THE ??? TEAM Franchise Free Agency and the Business of the NFL BRYCE DONOHUE SPORTS HAVE LONG BEEN DEEPLY INTERTWINED WITH SOCIETY BUT IN THE PAST SIXTY YEARS THEY HAVE BECOME A MAJOR ECONOMIC INDUSTRY. WHILE PROFESSIONAL SPORTS FRANCHISES BENEFIT THEIR OWNERS FINANCIALLY, THEY ARE ALSO CENTRAL TO THE CULTURE OF THE CITY THEY REPRESENT. THE DICHOTO M Y BETWEEN SPORTS AS AN INTEGRAL PART OF SOCIETY AND SPORTS AS A BUSINESS HAS BEEN MADE APPARENT THROUGH THE LEGAL CASES SURROUNDING THE MOVES OF FRANCHISES IN THE NATIONAL FOOTBALL LEAGUE. THIS PAPER ANALYZES THE PRECEDENT SET BY THE CASES REGARDING THE MOVES OF THE OAKLAND RAIDERS, BALTIMORE COLTS, AND CLEVELAND BROWNS. IN ALL THREE, THE COURTS HAVE FAVO RE D THE SPORT FRANCHISE AS A BUSINESS RAT HER THAN AS A R E P R E S E N T AT I O N OF LOCAL CITIZENS. THESE FRANCHISE RELOCATIONS HAVE ESTABLISHED A SYSTEM KNOWN AS "FRANCHISE FREE AGENCY" IN WHICH THE SPORT FRANCHISE IS LEGALLY NO DIFFERENT FROM ANY OTHER CORPORATION. OVER THE PAST THIRTY YEARS, COURTS HAVE DETERMINED THAT OWNERSHIP OF A TEAM BELONGS SOLELY TO ITS LEGAL OWNER AND NOT TO THE TEAM'S FANS OR HOME CITY. The analogy between sports and life is often touted in order market in which they function, though, the opportunity for to express a sense of the importance of sports in the devel- greater profits, rather than the opportunity for fan support, opment of a nation's culture. -
A Matter of Opinion: Milkovich Four Years Later Kathryn D
University of Miami Law School University of Miami School of Law Institutional Repository Articles Faculty and Deans 1994 A Matter of Opinion: Milkovich Four Years Later Kathryn D. Sowle University of Miami School of Law Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.law.miami.edu/fac_articles Part of the First Amendment Commons Recommended Citation Kathryn D. Sowle, A Matter of Opinion: Milkovich Four Years Later, 3 Wm. & Mary Bill Rts. J. 467 (1994). This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty and Deans at University of Miami School of Law Institutional Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Articles by an authorized administrator of University of Miami School of Law Institutional Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A MATTER OF OPINION: MILKOVICH" FOUR YEARS LATER Kathryn Dix Sowle* TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION .................................. 468 II. THE MILKOVICH CASE HISTORY ...................... 478 III. THE SUPREME COURT'S OPINION ..................... 480 A. The Court's Decision-An Expansion of ConstitutionalDoctrine ....................... 480 B. The Meaning of the Fact/OpinionDistinction in Milkovich ................................ 486 IV. THE LOWER COURTS' TREATMENT OF OPINION SINCE MILKOVIcH ..................................... 498 A. The Eight Categories of Lower Court Decisions Since M ilkovich ............................ 499 B. The Significance of the Treatment of Opinion in the Lower Courts Since Milkovich ............... 550 V. ISSUES GENERATED BY THE MILKOVICH OPINION .......... 552 A. What Kinds of Statements Are Provable as True or False on the Basis of Objective Evidence? ......... 552 B. Should Deductive as well as Evaluative Opinions Be Nonactionable? .......................... 575 C. Should "Point of View" Opinion Be Nonactionable? ........................... -
Garitee V. Mayor and City Council of Baltimore: a Gilded Age Debate on the Role and Limits of Local Government
Garitee v. Mayor and City Council of Baltimore: A Gilded Age Debate on the Role and Limits of Local Government Kevin Attridge JD Candidate, May 2010 University of Maryland School of Law James Risk MA Candidate, History, May 2011 University of Maryland, Baltimore County Attridge & Risk - 1 I. Introduction In 1877, William L. Garitee brought suit against the city of Baltimore in what would become a pivotal case in public nuisance for the state of Maryland. Four years earlier, Daniel Constantine, a city contractor, began dumping in the Patapsco River between Colgate Creek and Sollers Point. The dredge came from the excavation of Baltimore’s Inner Harbor and improvements being made to the Jones Falls Canal. Constantine’s dumping directly affected William Garitee’s ability to conduct business from his wharf because the dumping reduced the depth of the river, making it impossible to access Garitee’s dock by ship. After making several attempts to get the city to stop dumping, Garitee was forced to file suit against the city. The Superior Court for Baltimore City decided the case in favor of the city, a decision Garitee appealed. The appeal was heard in the March term of 1880 by the Maryland Court of Appeals. Under Judge Richard Henry Alvey, the Court overturned the lower court’s decision and remanded the case to allow Garitee to proceed with his public nuisance claim and award damages. Politically, Garitee v. Mayor and City Council of Baltimore was part of the larger on- going debate on the role of government. During the Gilded Age, the Federal Government assumed a laissez-faire stance toward business, but the Progressive Era that immediately followed witnessed a restraint of business through the passage of the Sherman Antitrust Act and the trust-busting administration of President Theodore Roosevelt.