In the narne of God, Before beginning my tatk to you from t}is place, where we were used to listen to Gamal Abdel Nasser, I ask you to stand up with me for one rninute in tribute to his memorv.
Brnthers,
I wish to congratulate you; and, in yo,ur person, I wish to congritulate alt the workers in our Re- public. I congratulate you, brothers. I wish ttre whole of Egypt had been with us as we enteled Ilelwan today,, and seen what we have seen. I wish the whole Arab nation were with us and shared this experience, seeing what we have seen. I wish also the whole world had been with us to seeand. know. fndeed, I will not hide from you that I wished both friends and foes in this wo,rld were with us and saw t"his area which had been a'small winter resort - now become a base heavy industry. Ttre place that had been known as a place bf reiaxation and laziness has become a volcano erupting with activity and labour. Ttre and dormant area between the Nile and t}e
81 hills has become a heart throbbing with life and the lofty apex of progress. riitrogen fertilizery (L5.5%) of ordinary Iferg in lfelwan, is the base of heavy industry in Eglpt, the Arab world., the Middle East and This factory hal Africa. Ifere, in fact, is the greatest industrial million, its establis eomplex w.ithin the borders of tfris entire area in of the idea of integr the world. steel industry necesr stands now the fron and Steel Complex coke industry. The which was gases established at a total cost of L.E. g40 of will not gr million. Here, too, is the Iron and Steel Factory to the fertilizers ind which was one of the first and largest projects Ifere, too, brot undertaken by the Revo,lution. facto,ries that have Here &.re the that are under con _aeroplanes works, rolling mills, the coke works, electric power "tutio.r", electrical nation; a new age tc spinning 11dr5tri1s, and weaving factories, cement that are fulfilled bel works, factories of maritime tiansport units, rail- and many other aspi way wagons factories and a vari&y of factories hearts or a lesson a engaged in military industries. In addition to r Here and until now we have f b00 million out to you today, r (pounds sterling) before you in investments. Here, behind the that I il machines, sl.and plan 104,000 industrial workers whose ove,rall to devel salaries reach L.E. 40 million yearly. basis of an integn similar to what hac Here stands the new fertilizer factory whose of Shubra El Kheim inauguration we have attended today. It was set : up to make use of the gases generated by the coke ,followinS factory, and will produce fiirst: Ttre 10j 200,000 tons (20.b %) ot eentral services in 82 ith life and nitrogen fertilizers, in other words 265,000 tons (I5.5%) of ordinary fertilizers. ,vy industry e East and Ttris factory has been built at a cost of L.E. 19 t industrial million, its establishment being a tirre reflection lire area in of the idea of integrated realisation. The iron and steel industry necessitates the establishment of the mke industry. The residues of the coke industry rl Complex of gases will not go to waste but will be directed of L.E. 34O to the fertilizers industry instead. eel Factory / :st projects Here, too, brothers, wherever we look/stand. factories that have already been built of others that are under construction; a new life for our olling mills, nation; a new age towards which we proced; hopes s, electrical that are fulfilled before our eyes and by our hands ries, cement andmany other aspirations which are a hope in our , units, rail- hearts o'r a lesson and a trend in our minds. of factories In addition to all these facts which I pointed out to you today, about llelwan, I want to state 500 million before you that I issued a decree to carry out an , behind the overall plan to develop the district of Helwan on the rkers whose basis of an integrated and comprehensive plan similar to what had been achieved in the district etory whose of Shubra El Kheima. Therefore, f agreed on the It was set following : by the coke Arst: The L0% profit revenue allocated. to Qa.6%)ot central services in the companies established in
83 IIelwan, is to be allotted to carry out the projects structive will, because necessary for the dwelopment of, the area. first instance. When Second : Industrial establishments, local admi. arda, during thd terror nistration and political organs are to take part in beginning of last yea.r down lltj"" the plan necessary for the district of Each one remained in Helwan. having faith in the fact and the batile Ihint: Ttre Deputy premier production of consl for df responsible for the armed struggle. it is to work for and supervise the implementation of the programme. a- f""-.tfr", Ttris is Egypt, ao industrial areas in the RepuUtic, ilre same thing rugl4)t. This is the A will be applied in every area for which a develop bulwark and base. This ment plan has been completely studied, as happened today; here we make li here in He'lwan. front, we defend life. V This, Arab land. my brothers, is Egypt and these are tJre AII we wa people Arab land, for of Eglpt; Egypt which fights at the same the natiol time, has a definite and the people of Egypt who carry their armi objective : all the freeedom the time. The enemies of Egypt,, the enemies of the nr of its people construction _ and of its glorious Arab nation believetr for life force Iand and the people. lhat !y they can obtain all what ttrey want; but, brethren, they were.unable to do so. Brothers, It is true that they have occupied part of our Iand, Constructio,n but we are struggling for libeiation. Ifowever, did nr they were exclusion of the not and will not be able to occupy an battle, nr of our will. us to the exclusion of co fact, Our rvill the batile is for c has been and will continue to be _ with God's struction is for the batile. assistance _ a free, militant and enn. of our land preoccupy us e projebts struetive will, because liberty is eonstructive in the t. first instance. When enemy aircraft reached this rcal admi- area, during the terrorist air-raids in depth at the beginning rb part in of last year, no one here was shaken. district of Each one remained in his place, cognizant o,f, and having faith in the fact that liberty is construction; and the battle of construction is the true support hoduction bf the armed struggle. ervise the This for other is Egypt, and these are the people of Eg1pt. r.me thing Ttris is the Arab nation, and tfiis is its bulwark and r develop- base. This is the aspect of our struggle today; here happened we make life and there. on the batile fiont, we defend life. We want nothing except our Arab land. All we want is to build life, on this se are the Arab land, for the nation living on it. All our fight the same has a definite objective: the liberation of the land, ;heir arms the freeedom of the nation and the freedom of e enemies construction - for life is a close tie between the u believed. land and tJre people. hey want; Brothers, rrt of our Constructio,n did not preoccupy us, to the .Howevern exclusion of ttre battle, nor did the batile pr€occupy py an iota us to the exclusion of construction. As a matter of fact, the battle is fo,r constmction, just as co{t- tobe- struction is for the battle. If we let the occupied part aud con- of our land preoccupy us to the extent that we do
85 . ilj
not continue the progress we are bruilding, we would that on this day last y be handing over to the enemy what he wants. Also, place similar to this c if we dedicate all our efforts to continue develop- which fighting did no ment and eonstruction only, and forget about the heard the hero and n occupied land we would be achieving, in one way Abdel Nasser, initiatir or another, the enemy's objective test intentions and to We must forge ahead in bo'th fields - this is peaceful setilement be the lesson taught us by Gamal Abdel Nasser when a state of total explosi he expressed it in his well-known words : < a hand not be confined to tlre for construction and a hand carrying arms and. shake the entire worlc fighting >. On this same {a This is the history of our entire people. This is Nasser addressed his our history with the Revo,lution since Gamal Abctet asking fon two things I Nasser led it. Our battles for building life never First : That presid ceased, neither did our batfles in defence of this to withdraw; or, (secor life; however, we shculd admit that now we are not do so - as Abdel Ii waging the fiercest of all our batiles in defence of < We shall believe hirn : this life. At the same time, we must wage our but at least to stop su strongest battle for the building of life. with arms >>.Then, the Brothers, The batile is not li Truth can never tre hidden or covered up behind it is fought on several smoke-screens set off by propaganda, the designs When prmident of po'litical man@uvres, or stories of quiet or Ga tumultuous dipiomacy. appeal o,n this very sar answer came after one Bro,thers, the answer which was ci While speaking of the extertral situation, f recall The initiative was basr
86 Lt that on this day last year, on May 1st 1g?0, from a o, place similar to this one, and after three years, in p- which fighting did not stop for one moment, yotr 1e heard the he,ro and mart5rr of this nation, Gamal ry Abdel Nasser, initiating a large-scale attempt to test intentions and 1tr,provide a last chance for a peaceful $ , settlement before the crisis should reach 3n a state of total explosion, the effects of which will rd not be confined to the Middle East alone. but will rd shake the entire world. On this same day last yeart Gamal Abdel ls Nasser addressed his appeal to Richard Nixon. lel asking for two things : 'er First : That President Nixon should ask Israel rirs to withdraw; or, (second) if president Nixon could re not do so - as Abdel Nasser said in his own words: of < We shall believe him regardless of our own views; ur but at least to stop supporting it and supplying it with arms >>.Then, the situation evolved. The battle is not limited to the fighting front; nd it is fought on several fronts. ns When President Gamal or Abdel Nasser made that appeal on this very same day last year, America's answer came after one month or more. This was the answer which was called the
87 Israel and a cease-fire for a period, of three months, during which contacts should be made through As I told you, the United f Jarring, the representative of the United Nations, but then it went back to itt to solve the question on the basis of tJle Security on with fs,rael, suPPorting I Council Resolution of November, 1967 to which we It started ProPagating thn had already agreed. we had violated the ceas trroducing nerv missiles in We accepted Rogers' initiative and sa.id we will therefore it was we, and J see. fsrael was taken by surprise by our acceptance the initiative, The whole of Rogers' initiative. But before that, twelve of its for Isra,el to find an outlt Phantom planes, with which it imagined it could put into effect the commi' dominate the air, were shot down and before that initiative openly stiPulatiq also the war o attrition was afoot. But Israel does United States supported it. not want to accept the withdnawal. When it was taken by surprise try our acceptance of Rogers' In these painful circuml initiative and it accepted it, and there was a cease- eircumstances, in partieula fire in August 1970, it began to search for a means died. America thought tha by which it can get rid of the entire initiative in to carr5/ on, that our fi order not to implement the rn'ithdrawal. fsrael's dissension will rage among! policy, as iill of us know, is based on acquiring land, leadership of Gamal Abdel on expansion and imposing its conditions on the and magnificent as it was Arab nation. At first, and we should be fair, the vacuum that could never t United States hesitated a little to go, along with Israel when Israel started reitbrating that Egypt So, they found it Pl had violated the cease-fire agreement by introduc- strong pressures. firey mt ing new missiles. Where were the missiles which the world that Egypt had v downed the twelve Phantom planes befo,re the cease- Israel said'that it would n fire ? Were they not there before the cease-fire ? initiative, however, had pro contacts with Jarring in' 88 $t ronttrs, hrough As I told you, the United States hesitated a while' 'alions, but then it went back to its former plan of getting ecurity on with fsrael, supporting trsrael a,nd backing Israel. ich we It started propagating throughout the world that we had violated the cease-fire agreement by in- troducing new missiles in the Suez Canal zone, re will therefore it was we, and not Israel, who violated ptance the initiative. Ttre whole episode was a pretext , r of its for Isra,el to find an outlet sD that it might not ; could put into effect the commitme.lrt stated in Rogers' B that initiative openly stipulating the withdrawal. The el does United States supported it. it was logers' In these pinful circurnstances or rather in these cease- circumstances, in particular, Gamal Abdel Nasser means died. America thought that we would not be able tive in to earr5/ on, that our front will eollapse, that lsrael's dissension will rage amongFt our people and that the g land, leadership of Ga.mal Abdel Nasser, eternal, colossal on the and magnificent as it was, shall leave behind it a ir, the vacuum tha,t could never be filled. g with Egvpt So, they found it propitious to exert on us mduc' strcng pressures. Ttrey made it public throughout which the world that Egypt had violated the cease-fire and 'c90se- Israel said.'that it would not contact Jarring. The rfire ? initiative, however, haC provided for fsrael's holding contacts with Jarring in orde'r' to implement the
89 ---;r:
Security Council Rsolution and carry out its with_ Israel, however, did t drawal. General Assembly resolutio put forward to Israel never, heki should th contacts with Jarring and everybody abroad entire world a report concr waited to see what the Egpt people of the parties concerned and would do and wfrat ngyet'**rd be up to. contacts, Israel only a feu The cease_fine term was scheduled to expire, r was due, to expire in Nov_ emhr last and, as you week of January lasl, har know, hardly 40 days had dapsed since the death containing just anything, o of Camat Ana"l Nasser. I, therefore, convened with held contacts with Jarring. our priiti""f bodies and with my colleagues and we agreed that we,ref* thc They speak from the I cause to the United Nations and make our stance kept receiving a flow of mt {rnown to the eatire world. So, Malmud Riad left trtosition never changed. It and raised the issue at the United Nations and he by it and bolstered it but was able, with a remarkable effort, to win our canu,e bringing pressure to bear c and to make the United Nations or rather its General seeking a peaceful solution Assembly pass a resolution recording our,stance and the stance Then, on February 4, of fsrae,l and asking Jarring submit to before the second cease-fire a re.port, in Ja.nuary, on the contacts. f""g"u*" of his I made public our position National Assembly. namelY In this batile, America had to withdraw its to continue withholding fir reso,lution. We won that batfle, but in response to own free r,vill and not iI the will of the world community gave _ wfrich stood by Rogers' initiative. We t ys and passed that resolution and which, for the in appreciation to the worl first time, ciefined things ""rv "fu"*fy _ ** agreed stance of Israel was comp to extend the cease.fire term for another three asked the rvorld communitY months to expire on February b last. America in particular, to dt
90 'out its; with- Israel, however, did not react. But as the General Assembly reso,lution provided that Jarring should put forward to the Assembly and to the Jarring and entire world a report concerning his contacts with the people of the parties concerned and the pro,gress of these d be up to. contacts, fsrael only a few days before the term was scheduled to expire, namely, during the first xpire in Nov- week of January lasb, handed in a memorandum 40 days had containing just anything, only to prove that it had Iel Nasser. I, held contacts with Jarring. I bodies and , we refer the They speak from the logic of conceit. Jarring ;e our stance kept receiving a flow of memoranda and America,s tud Riad left position never changed. It supported fsrael, stood ,tions and he by it and bolstered it but maintained that it was yin our caurie bringing pressure to bear on Israel because it was lr its General seeking a peaceful solution. ; our,stance firen, on February 4, that is only one day I Jarring to before the second cease-fire term was due to expire, )gress of hir I made public our position from the forum of the National Assembly. namely, that we would accept 'our yithdraw its to continue withholding fire for one month of response to own free will and not in accordance with the ich stood by Rogers' initiative. We gave that one-month extension rich, for the in appreciation to the world community, after the - we agreed stance of Israel was completely exposed, and we other three asked the rvorld community and the Big Four, and America in particular, to determine their positions,
91 '':-iilii/.l{i
because rhe situation was becoming critical and F or the . first time over the last there was no solution. There was no other aJter- defined our lrcsition. native : either a pea,ceful settlement or war was inevitable. Dr. Jarring Came and was t tlo rnessages: one to us and o In my speech be,fore the National Assembly on messa,geire sent to Israel he a February 4, !971,I presented an Egyptian initiative pledge cornplete withdrawal fro: to set things in motion. Withdrawal will naturally June 4 borders; naturally, the ir be carried out in two stages. If the first stage of He sent us a sirnilar messageasl withdrawal - east cf the Canal - is to be imple- our commitments under the $ mented, lve are prepared to clear the Canal and solution in return for Israeli wir open it to internatio,nal navigation. accepted, as you all know, th Resolution since 1967. We a.n: I laid down conditions for this initiative, on the saying that we accept. We arr basis of clarifying our lrcsition before the world our cornmitments under the See community, and particularly before West Europe, lution, provided. that Israel ful which failed to understand it ttrroughout the past ments under r, fon twenty years. the Resolutio is withdrawal frorn the Arab teer We were actually ablg through the Eglrytian ed. Jarring forthwith. But Isn initiative, as you have all heard frpm foreign broad- Jarring becausb he had onlY one casts, as you have read and known, to change our cording to the Security Council political position. During the last 22 years, and. Israel - have to withdraw. So a until today, since the very ho,ur in which thc are you prepared to do so ? Ye Palestine cause arose, this is tJle first time that our Egypt, you have to fulfil this constructive position has appeared before the world. tJ:e Security Council Resolution. Even the United States acknowledged this and, in to fulfil them or not ? > his letters ' to me, President Nixon has precisely We answered safing that stated ttte clarity and positiveness of our position. But Israel did not answer I
98, the first time over the last 22 years, we have our trnsitio,n. Dr. Jarring Came and was encouraged. He sent rnessages: one to us and one to Israel. In the he sent to Israel he asked it to state or complete withdrawal from Sinai to tJre pre' 4 borders; naturally, the international borders. sent us a sirnilar message asking us to implement commitments under the Securitv Council Re- ion in return for Israeli withdrau'al. We have as you all know, the Security Council since 1967. We answered immediatelv that we accept. We are prepared to fulfil commitments under the Security Council Reso,. provided that Israel. fulfils all its commit- under the Resolution, foremost among which ithdrawal from the Arab territories. We answer- Jarring forthwith. But Israel did not answer becausb he had only one thing to say : < Ac- to the Security Council Resolution, You - - have to withdraw. So answer this question, you prepared to do so ? Yes o'r no ? Ald you" , you have to fulfil this and that article of Security Council Resolution. Are you prepared t}rem or not ? > We answered say'ing that we were prelrared. Israel did not answ€r. at all. Instead of
93 answering, instead of even keeping silent, it r,l to WeIl, let us believe the Jarring replying to, our own answer which we sent results. We only want results to him. We lvere, not, even talking to d ft was Jarring who was speaking to us, and Now that the situation ha were answer.ing yet, him. they rerplied to our with Israel refusing to answe answer to Jarring. But they did not answer took upon himself to leave tht mzun question until tr'ebruary 27, when go back, once more, to his po annouaced in an official document that it would the question was fnrzen. The withdraw to the June 4 lines. So, the matter to an impasse. Israel thinks fi finally clarified. fsrael said : <. until it moves. ft wants to rml During this - - time as I have already told National Assembly Nevertheless, America si on February 4 _ Ileft no s unturned in chance >. f a.greed.I had o,rder to find a way t , p. no odj solution a chance, but. and absolve our consciencebefore we wanted strrei history and our coming generations. You have heard in the America said : <
You have heard in the past few days that the U.S. Secretary of State, is coming. I for want you to follow the situation.
I He arrived in Istanbul, or perhaps Ankara, wherehe announced that he was coming here. Even se. W arriving in Ankara, he declared in London s he was corning to the Middle East, not to to tute Jarring's mission, but with the hope of sure something through an American effort he is undertaking.
95 He said openly that'the only hotrn remainirig For the first time in for America to set the cause in motion - is the a Zionist Jew was appointr question of reopening the Suez Canal ineluded in delegation at the United N our Egyptian initiative. He added that he was time Ameriea was ruled by one coming here, also that he would visit Israel. I was in the State Deparl counsellor informed of this visit and welcomed hirs coming. I at tfie White Hr welcomed his coming with an open mind in order f am thinking also th to speak with higt; but I would like to tell you, the Abu Zaabal facto,ry wa before his corning, so that you may know and rest that incideirt America sent assured, that there are many trings mnning in my us to cease-fire or else mind. f am thinking of the batile o,f 196?, of the American continue, adding that it ca pledge which was made on May 23, guaranteeing the security of the borderlines of ttre f remember very well, area a"nd stating that it would oppose the aggressor. what happened at the dfter Israel won, this pledge 'Bahr Abu was buried and my children forgotten. at El Be nrcre'American, the planes r On my mind too is the fact that at the very of the pilots; one of them president tirne in which the of the United States , here. He has a dual nat was contacting us and saying, let us discuss the Israeli. f do not know hor problem, this same president Johnson gave the but I have one here. signal for Israel to start its attack ; he was fullv aware of t{e Israeli plan. . Ilowever, I tell you thar I am also thinking of the fact that they harl the sake of peace, and ra prepard the whole operation at the United Nations every single life of the lives r and the Security Council. They bncught an Ame_ front, I will receive Rogers r rican Zionist called Goldberg and made him hearl with him. I know what I h of the Amer,ican dele.gation there. this, yet I will be open-min
16 rpe remainirig For the first time in the history of America, ion - is the a Zionist Jew was appointed head of th" .q.*"i"rJ rl included in delegation at the United Nations while at the same time that he was Ameriea was ruled by the two Rostow brothers, one in the Israel. I was State Department, and the otfrer a counsellor tis coming. I at the White I{ouse. nind in order e to tell you, the Abu Zaabat factory was now and rrest bombed, and following that incide.irt America sent us unning in my a message advising us ro cease-fire or else the raids 1967, of the in depth wiil continue, adding that it cannot on May 23" stop Israel. :r-lines of the I remember very we,ll, he and will never forget, aggressor. what happened at the Abu Z.r,labalfactory, and to buried and my children at Bahr El Bakar school. Ttre bombs rryere'Ameriean, the planes were American and some ; of t}re pitots; at the very one of them was caught-American ""a i" "liii here. He Jnited States has a dual natiouality, and Israeli. l discuss ttre I do not know how many are over there, on gave the hut I have one here. he was fully . However, f teil you that in spite of all this, for hat they had the sake of peace, and in the hotrrc of presendng rited Nations every single life of the lives of my sons on the Canal ght an Ame- front, I will receive Rogers a"nd will be open_minded de him head with him. I know what I have in mind. I know all this, yet I will be open-minded.
97 .As for the initiatiye concerning the Suez Canal, president we shall be clear on this point and before you I 2. - A: will repeat my words so that they may be heard by with arl Eglrptian ir the entire people, by America, and by Israel, so that F ebruary 4, indicating they know what our limits are. We will neither the Suez Canal to worl partial bargain nor surrender'. withdrawal of t Itttud: The Egyl First ; The basic principle r,vhich the Unitcd but it should be unden Arab Republic upholds, and wiII continue to uphold proposed partial with, under all circumstances, is that no is l)€ace lnssible initiative, does not con with the continued Israeli occupation of the Arab a partial solution; it i lands and the existence of aggressive, expansionist is physically tied up tendencies. Such tendencies are plainly dernonstrat- the basis of implemer ed in the rvhole' compo'rtment of Israeli po'licy as Resolution, with all its i well as the public stateme,nts and official documents is the withdrawal fro,m policy. issued by the directors of this The harmful June 5, 1g6?. effect of these tendencies was not limited to the Arab situation and Arab right alone, but went so Fourth : So that n far as to infringe upon the United Nations,itself - when putting this pr upon its C'harter and resolutions. important, so that we that the United Arab l Secontl : The United Arab Republic has opened, ception as follows : and continues to'open, every way before peace. This 1. - As soon as th has been demonstrated in two speeific stands' : is the first stage of the the United 1. - The United Arab Rep,ublic's acceptance Arab Republi thc of Ambassador Gunnar Jarring's pro,posals; whereas Suez Canal. Israe'l refused everr to anslryer his p$oposals. 2. - With tlre pracl United Arab Republie r 98. Suea Canal' 2. - President Anwar El efore you I Sadat came fonvard with an Eg:1rytian initiativg in be heard bY his speech on February 4, indicating possibility lrael, so that tlre of reopening the Suez Canal to world will neither navigation in return for a partial withdrawal of the Israeli forces. Itrfud: The Egyptian initiative still sta.nds; the Unitcd but it should be understood by all parties that the ue to uphold prolnsed partial withdrawal, according to that :e is pssible initiative, does not constitute either a separate or of the Arab a partial solution; it is a procedural move which expansionist is physically tied up with the full so,lutionl on 'demonstrat- the basis of implementing the Security Council eli po'licy as Resolution, with all its items, foremost arnong which al documents is the witfidrawal fro,m all temitories occupied after The harmful June 5, 1967. mited to the Fourth : So that matters but went so may be well-defined when putting this proposal ;ionsritself - into effect, it is imp,ortant, so that we may be clearly under.stood, that the United Arab Republic reaffirms its con- ception as follows: c has opened. re peace. This 1. - As soon as the partial uiithdrawal, which s stands' : is the first stage of the all-out withdrawal, starts, the United Arab Republic is ready to start clearing is acceptance thc Suez CanaL. pals; whereas 2. - With the practical application of this, th.e ryPsafs. United Arab Republie will accqt extending the
99 cease-fire for a definite period during which ' Fifth : The Unite put 'rejects Arnbassador Gunnar Jarring woruld be able to any discussion the tirne-table for implementing the Security Codn- tion of Sinai; but it is j cil Resolution. with the Security Co 3. - The U.A.R. Armed Forces will cross the demilitarised area"s, pno, Suez Canal to, undertake their national responsi- 0d on both sides o'f the bility on the eastern bank of the Canal' I repeat Sixth : fire Unite it again, so that they may hear it there : the U'A'R' allow any party whate Armed F orces will cross the Suez Canal to under' any Israeli prresence at take their nationa'l reponsibility on the' east€rn its form may be. It bank of the Canal. But the United Arab R'epublic' trroposals which have being solicitous fo'r peace' is ready to accept pbrties - regarding th prantical arrangernents realising the separation of to Israel for a definite the belligerent fo,rces during the defined cease'-fire of fsraeli troolx ua the term. Sharm El Sheikh - a That is the period availed to Ambassador Gun- sible talk v:hich is neithr nar Jarring to work out all items for resolving t'he when a crisis of such di: crisis along with the time-table for impleme/rting is ta,ckled, nor wh them foremost among which is the complete with- & nation - such as tl drawal from all Arab lerritories in Syria,, Jordan, hich has long annals c Gaza and Sinai. f am repeating it If this p€riod should expire without achieving quite definite and'cl any tangible progress, the Egyptian Armed Forces f welcome him and would Ue entiUe*to maintain the freedom of action principles and with complete adherence' so far as But I have to heed laws are concern*ed,to the necessity o'f the complete before our esxti Arab territory' Iiberation of the entire'occupied struggle does not ta ro0 ffi [','.
iod during which f.irfth: The United Arab Republic-the absolutely ,uld be .able to put rejects any discussion coneerning demilitarisa_ the Security Codn- tion of Sinai; but it is fully prepired., i;;il.;-;;;;;; y,l..ft: Sec,urity Co,uncU-nu*lujior,, lrces will cross the areas, provided *miligri:€d that these be establish_ national responsi- eil on both sides of the borders. I repeat he Canal. Sixth : Ttre United Arab Republic would Itherre : the U.A.R. allow not a,ny party whatever, to rai[ trru q.r"uuo*-oi tez Canal to under- any Is.raeli presencer at Strarm El Sheikh, whatever Ly on the eastern its form may be. ft considers tfral Itd Arab Republic, proposal€ tfre s;uspect which have been propagated r ready. to accep,t by so,me -_regarding the tease the seluration of fT* of Silarm Et Sheikh J u, rsrael fo,r a definite period e defined eease-fire o,r the participation of Israoli troops inr the U.N. Emergency F,orce at Sharm El _ Sheikh are tantamo,u-nt to irrespon- o Ambassador Gun- talk v.'hich is neither permissible nor acceptable ns for resolving the a crisis of such dimensions as the Micldle East e for implementing is taekled, non when it cornes to the calibre of the complete with- nation - such as the United Arab- Republic _ r in Syria,, Jordan, tich has long annals of staunch national struggle. I.am,repeating it so that our sta.nces should e'without achieving quite definite and clear becau"r, "* l-fr";.-;;; ptian Armed Forces f welco,me him and I will open a dialogue re freedom of action with r as prineiples and But f have to heed the nity of the complete past. I have a def,inite ion before our entire people. il Arab territory. As I told you, struggle does not take place o,nly at the batile_
10:. conforms witfi the justice. I seize this o front. It has a large spectrum on the there was a coilT( a^ndthere is the political aseest whi'eh I have alre Pompidou of Francl dwell referred to. In this connection, I must tunity to direct to the positions of the Big Four' represented in his p gratitude for As regards the stance of America, which I their by justice and a already reviewed, I will ask Mr. Rogers while cor power in the is over here, to define it cteartY. world. The third is Br We appreciate America's efforts and has taken place in to reach a peaceful settlement. If these at declaration of its are actually sincere, we thank the United international peace f wholeheartedly, but',1re require that America that Israel is fierct clarify its stance completely and define it in full' radical change in I The Egyptian initiative which America said change from the a would" work on has been defined on our part' Government. There gave America its reply in this respect, but the vative Government . gation has not communicated it to us as yet' I shall m of Labour M a point of its communicating it to us while Ro mons, I told them is over here. This will naturaliy take place' ment was more co what I am keen to know is the stance of A .I,abour Government ing much more than the reply of Israel which I an'independent tr doubt that a in ad.vance. change titude; and,we welco I will then put to the people with frankness' customary, the sta.nce of America' Now remains th In this respect I neet - prsnss As for the rest of the Big Four still maintaining its honourable stand
102 conforms with tfie principles of peace based on justice. I seize this opportunity and this occasion _ m on the there was & correspo,ndence between president : which I have Pompidou of France and I _ I seize this on, I must dwell oppo,r_ tunity to direct to him and to the French frpf" rcpresented in his person, our sincerest thanks and gratitude Lmerica, which I for their attitude which is characterisedl by justice Mr. Rogers while and a conseious understanding as a big rlv. power in the world. The efforts and attem third is Britain - and a tangible change has taken nt. If these attem place in Britain's attitude. Britain,s declaration nk the United of its approval to participate in an internationd,l e that America. shou peace foree in thearea, while it knows that Israel and define it in full. is fierceiy opposed to this idea. is a radical change in Britain's attitude, or a radical iyhich America said change from the attitude of the forrner Labour red on our Part. Government. There is no doubt that the Conser_ respect,but the lat vative Government - and I said. this to: a. dele_ gatign s as yet. I shall m of Labour Members of the House of Com- it to us while mons, f to,ld them that the Conservative Govern_ take men! was more raliy Place. coura,geo,us than you and 5rour ttre stance of Irabour Goverament beca.use it succeeded in adopt_ f Israel which I k ing an.independent policy for Britain. There is no that a. change has taken place in Britain,s a,t_ titude, and,we welcome and encourage rple with fra,nkness, this change. rerica. Now remains the attitude of the Soviet Union. this respect f need a whole day or rather Big Four - France days if rurable stand 10;: '!'1iH ,'iffi . r.{
Soviet Union not onlY our I have to enumerate the stands of the dark days it was br'rt before there wert beside us not only now and in the battle' at our rpisf,ortune; Let me relate misfortune. the battte and during the battte' ltoated over our the time ifr"* quickly. Building tJle t{igh Dam at made The Soviet Union in the d when ln" Urrit"d States' Secretary of, State two and a half minutes bY tl a statement saying that Eg'1ryt was a bankrupt the and' 11, a Plane loaded witl country and its economy cannot afford to build this which landed at our airPorts High Dam.'On JuIy 19, 1956, Mr' Dulles made td the The Soviets.established an staltement in which there-was an insinuation Gamal Moscow and Cairo, besides tl Egyptians to tJ:e effect that if you get rid of Dam' tell us, as usual and as othe Abdel Nasser, we shalt build' you the E{igh the interests'and the Price But, he said officially in tJ:is statement' and deliver anything ? Nothing t this was an of,ficial document, that Egypt was sent us arms in order that building bankrupt and its economy cannot $rpport feet. They did not sign a the High Dam. except in November, five mt sending us arlns and after was built at a eost of L'E' 400 fire High Dam on Novernber 2 Union' defence line million ancl with the assistance of the Soviet go bankrupt' fire new fron and Steel Egypt did not Following this, theY said L.E. 400 million' Here there are C"-ifu* cost of the arms we' is in addittol contracts f 50O million (pounds sterling) ' firis and saving a friend... When 1,20O other fastories which have been built to contracts, theY said : 100 n the rest that is being done' all sent from us because You ar factories We built the High Dam, set up 1'200 aster has befallen You' We tle on and more with Soviei economicr aid' Politically' the Price and the interest Tb'ere were the : the Soviets are standing by our side' receiPt. Then we signed that in these and dark days of June 196?' Remember shared our misfortune
104 F the Soviet Union clark days it was not only our enemies who rejo,iced ; battle, but before at our rpisf,ortune; there were some of our kin who ;. I,et me r.elate gloated over our misfortune. r Dam at the time - ry of State made The Soviet Union in the darkest days sent every was a ba"nkrupt two and a half minutes by the clock, since June 10 tfford to build tl:e and 11, a plane loaded with 10 tons of weapons . Dulles made this which landed at our airports. ft was an air brid.ge. insinuation tci the the Soviets. established an air bridge between u get rid of Gamal Moscow and Cairo,, besides the ships. They did not tell . the High Dam. us, as usual and as others did, come, what are the interests'and the price ris statement, and to be paid before we deliver anything ? Nothing that Egypt was of this ilappend. Ttrey sent us arms in order t wpport building that we may stand on our feet. Ttrey did not sign ,ny ""rrt"*"ts with us e>rcept in November, five months after they began sending r cost of L.E. 400 us arrns and after we had built our first the Soviet Union. defence line on Novernber ZZ, tg6l. telr fron and Steel Ilere there are Fo'llowing this, they said come, let us sign the this is in addition contracts of the arms we sent you as a friend uve been built and saving a friend... When they were writing the contracts, they said : 100 million roubles ar€ a pre_ sent fro,m us because you are our friends up 1,200 factories and. a dis- aster has befallen you. We shall write t}re rest iL Politically, the of the price and the interest on it; we shall prepare the , lbere were the receipt. Then we signed the co,ntracts. The Soviets rber that in these shared . our misfortune and shared our sufferings
105 fn JanuarY 1970, Gan mercy be ulnn his soul, le at the time when, as I told yo'u, sorne of our kin re. joiced Ttre Soviet Union sent us at this misfortune,. They stood by our side most modern kind of misr and supplied us with arms; they left us until we never hesitated in sendin built up the first de,fence line on November Zg, LXIT defend the depth of the R and then they began to conclude, contracts,with us side and to declare openl; and discuss the terms of the price, instalments and I re-imbursement. our side. When Presidmt this example once before ir -.o This was in the, darkest days. Not only this; our side and came us. ' in the world community, at the United. Nations, in oppo,rtunity, as the othbr the Security Council and in the General Assembly, at that time, so, that we m they stood with honour and honesty, they stood as lsrael may dictate its cond a power seeking pe'ace. to attend President Nasse that The Soviet Unicn is, in fact, seeking peace deals were supposed the critical circumstances, because through p€oce construction can be them, the Soviet Union achieved. It wants to build its country mo,re and Nasser's funeral and ga' more. It stood by our side, politically, in the world which were community, and a.s I to,ld you, at the United Nations military deals and in the Security Ccuncil, in all the international later date. discussions it stood beside us with hono,ur and honesty. From the economic tr When the raids in depth started against us cient for me to mention onl in 1970, I told you, if you remember, that in the Dr. ,Lzrz SidkY signed first six months of 1920 the United States, and million with the Soviet Un Israel's plan was to destroy us through the air five years. During these force. If you remember in the meetings which industry EgYPt shall c we held from Aswan to Alexandria, I told you so, !n witl be ttrousands of oP and this plan was actually put into effect when thev hit our first line, and entered deep in our country.
106 In January 19?0, Gamal Abdel Nasser, God's mercy be upon his soul, Ieft for the Soviet Union' kin re' )u, some of our Ttre Soviet Union sent us the SAM-3 missiles, the hey stood by o'ur side most modern kind of missiles in air defence. It they left us until we never hesitated in sending us these missiles to ,on November B,1967 rlefend the depth of the Republic, to stand by our lude co'ntracts with us side and to declare openly that it is standing by price, instalments and our side. When President Nasser died - and I gave this example once before in Tanta - they stood by days. Not only this; our side and came i.o us. They did not seize the the United Nations, in opportunity, as the other party did, to pressure us the General Assembly, at that time, so that we may surrender and so that honesty, they stood as lsrael may dictate its co,nditions. No... they came to attend President Nasser's funeral. There were deals that were supposed to arrive later. Due to n fact, seeking peace the critical circumstances, and as a tribute from construction can be them, the Soviet Union came for Gamal Abdel its country more and Nasser's funeral and gave us the political and nlitically, in the world military deals which were supposed to co'me at a , at the United Nations in all the international later date. us with honour and From the economic point of view, it is suffi- depth started against cient for me to mention only one thing. Last month, . remember, that in the Dr. Aziz Sidky signed an agreement of $ 460 he United States' and million with the Soviet Union, to be implemented in y us through the air five years. During these five years' the face of r the meetings which industry Egypt shall completely change' There xandria, I told you so, !n will be thousands of opportunities open for our rt into effect when they d deep in our country. 10? r)ry ,;*
and Egyptian The Arab aspect,. at the time wh important aspect of t when we all agreed tl "'*'ll#sacred than the caJl t *i:-itffi Today, you all kn empowered by the institutions to go ah ili#"ffii::;u ::* as far as it serves thr taken by our nation r ,".#"?Xtu* which Abdel Nasser : ,-o ,ttffrn".l: ?o ^roviets dominate I want to tell y .:oviets... etc.. But union which hastake: -re no strings attached, I would like to refer . ,or Revolution, and from Abdel Nasser died. .. our will, we have always In October, at tl -r will is not for sale at all. We new batch of Israeli o our will to anybody. this batch and it wt rret Union is a friend, and it extends its cularly by news age: . friend without strings attached. batch of Israeli offi -nese are the positions of the Big Four; and weeks after the deatl .,s is one of the aspects of the batfle. As I told told them that the fu you, there are the military aspect, the political one and asked them 1 aspect within which I also spoke about the foreign that the eastern fror aspect, and the positions of the Big Four. co,llapsed completely. I come now to a very important as,pect, na,mely, battle, King Hussein the Arab one. Resistance which hal
108 I ffi;' il F.
The Ar-rabaspect, in my estimation, is the most important as'pect of the battl.ds call since the day when we all agreed there is no ca.ll which is, more sacred than the call of the battle. Toda.y, you aII know of course that I have been empowered by the constitutional and political institutions to go ahead with the tripartite uni,on -I}d, as far as it serves the interests of the battle under- taken.by our nation and realises its aspirations for .dd abroad which Abdel Nasser never ceased to struggle. ': -c the Soviets bviets dominate I want to tell you the story of the tripartite ets... etc. But union which has taken place. But before doing so, rtrings attached. I would like to refer to the period in which Garnal rtion, and frorn Abdel Nasser died. le have always In October, at the graduation ceremony o,f a 'sale at all. We new batch of Israeli officets, Haim Barlev addressed v. this batch and it was rqrorted world-wide, parti- nd it ertends its cularly by news ageqeies. Barlev addressed this tached. batch of Israeli officers in Octo'ber 1970. a few Big Four; and weeks after the death of Gamal Abdel Nasser, and rttle. As I told told them that the future of fsrael was a very rosy rt, the political one and asked them to look fo,rward to it. He said put the foreign that tJ:e eastern front was disintegrated, and had [g Four. collapsed completely. Iraq, he, said, was out of the : name'lY, battle, King Hussein has liquidated the Palestinian Tect, Resistance which has become ineffective, whereas I' 1f,9 with domestic affairs; hence organise Syria was preoccupied As regards the since O the eastern front was eliminated' Gamal Abdel Nasser was And tlt ;;; front, Barlev said' restore its strength and Ilussein dead. and Egypt woulcl never era of Nasser' be what it was during the will never Th went on' was The wili of the Arabs, Barlev persons more disinte'grat- disintegrated and will become stitl on Juru ed with the death of Nasser' 5, 1967 of Israeli sein, b He then reassurd the new batch 1970 that a iq haE officers which passed out in October and that onslau prosl)€ro{.rs future was in store for them of time until agains the battle has become only a question it wanted' sistant Israel is able to imp'ose or to secure what few This took place in October last year' a \n The weeks after the d'eath of Gamal Abdel Nasser' Abdel with picture drawn up by Barlev, to be since're have that time' ourselves, was actually a true picture at enmit remains The eastern front was disintegrated and and I mean Jordan' so still. When I say the eastern front I the c because we have Iraq and the Palestinian Resistance shoul calted SYria a northern front' pers( front is Up till this very minute, the m'sterrr Point admit' Iraq has liquit stiU afuintegrated. That we must out' Ttre Palestinian Resistance also . co-pfetefy ivalked l{usx hasbeenhittwice;thefirsttimeinSeptember alive and when he ting when Abdel Nasser was still
110 Lrs;hence organised the Conference. Ttre second time was gards tJre since October last : slowly but according to plah. asser wast And tha,t is the reason why I differed with King ength and Hussein. >f Nasser. , on, wa,s There is nothing between us and King Hussein sintegrat- personally. On the co'ntrary, we appreciate his stand on June 5. We shall never forget, his stand on June 5, 1967. We harbour no enmity towards King Hus- of Israeli sein, but the problem lies in the conflict and what 70 that a is happening to the Palestinian Resistance and the and that onslaught upon it, as well as our co,nstant, waryings time until against what is happening to the Palestinian Re- it wanted. sistance. lr, a few We are continuing along our path after Gamal Jser. The Abdel Nasser as we have agreed and as the people ce're with have decided. I state before you that there is no that time. enmity whatsoever between me and King Hussein I remains and I do not'want any hostility or any battle. On ur Jordan, the contrary, I belirlve that, at this stage, there e we have should be a co,nce'ntrated Arab action with every person who can contribute'to the battle. The only t front is point of difference, as I told you, is the process of Iraq has Iiquidating the Resistance and pouncing upon it ; lesistance also the provocative elements surrounding King Jeptember Hussein and putting into his mind that we arg plot- when he ting against him, or that we want to have the
111 ,,:?
Palestinian State, o,r anything else and so on. Every after Abdel Nasser. day they put a new idea before him. Nasser, 34 million Ab The, Jordanian army, fo,r which we all have the and quickly. He did n utmost respect, is no,t standing on the frontlines, in quickly, too, Presiden its natural position, facing Israel. carry out the wonder The Resistance was hit and is prevented from he undertook in Syr acting. Our disagreement revolves around this. shoulder its Arab dul I pray to God and hope that we may be able, in the next stage, to reach a solution to this problem. So Syria took it As I said before, there is no personal enmity - the thirty-four mi whatsoever with King Hussein and there is no Abdel Nasser and res intention at all that relatiorrs become tense with march to the end. I King Hussein personally for any reason except what all that we poss€ss. tfie provocatirve elements surrounding him may o,f princ cauqe. One the bases its strategy, vl I return to'our wcrds and Barlev's words which published by it, is thi I have already you. recounted to The eastern front d.isintegration and co - it Ves, is disintegrated until today because the thing which was pul Jordanian army is not o,n the frontline until this It is one of the items hour. The Iraqi army has, cornpletely withdrawn; based - the fact thr Palestinian the Resis;tance was hit and has lost its disintegratjon and n effectiveness. It is carrying out operations, but with conflict. Israel is the r less effectiveness than could have been. Arab disintegration o: In that case, Barlev's argument would be right. no! by unity or unio: But he forgot, one thing; he forgot that, here in among the Arab. At Egypt, the people filled the vacuum that was created states troubles Israel rtz !r' H pffi,
lvery after Abdel Nasser. He forgot that after Abdel Nasser, 34 million Abdet r the Nasseis filled the vacuum, and quickly. He did not |g, in take this into account. As quickly, too,, president Hafez El Assad was able to carry out the wonderful lrom correction operation which he undertook in Syria, is. thus bringing Syrra in, to shoulder its rble, Arab duty in the batile. lem. So Syria took its place in the - batfld, and we nity the thirty-four million people _ _1""O up a"fter no Abdel Nasser and. resolved to iontinue together our vith to the end. ga Y":h lVe are million people with rhat all that we possess nay O13 of the principal criteria upo,n which Israel s its strategy, rich which *u" *uitio"J-in books by it, is ont that ttre Arabs are in a state of ;ion the and conflict. This is "" ""a"rrir.Uf" tng which was published fiis throtrgho,ut the worid. is one of the items ru; utrnn which Israe,li strategy is ]ed - Lhe faet its that the Arabs are in a state of integration and ith hore, they are in a state of ict. Israel is the cnly party which benefits frorn disintegration or conflict. So, fsrael is troubled ht. by unity or unio:r, but even Uy *u"* *olidarity in ng the _Arabs. Any sotridarity between two Arab ted troubles Israel, let. alone unity or unio,n.
113 Gamsl Abdel Nasser had Thus, after the revolution of the Sudan broke of the Arab Republics ir Libya out on Muy %, 1969 and the revolution of minutes of these meetin on Septe,mber 1, 1969, there was the Tripo'li meet- was not possible to reach t ing tha.t was attended by Gamal Abdel Nasser' Charter was signed inster th""u was a. project; but we had decided afte'r the very briefly. draw a lesson experiment with Syria that we should" Another meeting wa place and that our from the secession that took during which was presentt basis' It action should be founded on a scientific of the, Arab Republics. i but might require longer steps and a longer time, meeting as well as Egn it is guaranteed one hundred per cent. Syna was present, repre Atassi who propos'ed to The fo'rmula of the Union of the Arab Re' Gamal Abdel Nasser thou publics stipulates that each Republic will remain return, he said, he had aJI its institutions. When any number intact with Damascus and declaring of these sr-rong unit-s gather together and create What I meai to say is 1 a certain constitutional form it will establish a unity, even the mere exp strong union because e'ach of its units is strong' for Isra,el constitutes a t The greater union will, undoubtedly' be stronger' upon which its very existe: and will prevent sensitivitibs and' as I to'ld you we actually thought of the f will a.void the mistakes of that experience. During maybe because he was gt Abdel Nasser's life we agreed that this would be the idea was postponed. E the form of the future union and that it would be of Damascus. a principal strategic goal. During Abdel Nasser's life we agreed that it would be in the form of a firis is the culminati union of the Arab Republics and not a merger' began on the fortieth Nasser's death. We met l and at the Gamal Abdel Nasser went to Tripoli at our second meeting, $ Eg:ypt' meeting there were the Sudan, Libya and
114 Gamal Abdel Nasser had the project of the Union lan broke of the Arab Republics in his pocket. I have the of LibYa minutes of these meetings at the Presidency. It poli meet- wasnot possible to reach this Union, and the Tripoli I Nasser. Cfiarter was signed instead. I am re,lating all this after the very briefly. v a lesson Another meeting was then held at Benghazi that our during which was presented the project of the lJnion It basis. of the Arab Republics. Syria was present at this but time, meeting as well as Egypt, the Sudan and Libya. Syria was present, represented by Nur Ecldin El Atassi who propos'ed join t}te Union. President Arab Re- to Gamal Abdel Nasser thought abo'ut it; his ill remain even on return, he said, he had thought of leaving fcr ry number Damascus and declaring the Union from there. rnd create What I meari to say is that the idea of union or stablish a unity, even mere Arab is strong. the expression of so'lidarity for Isra.el constitutes a blow basic ) stronger' to the strategy uponwhich its very existence depends. The President rld you we actually tiought of the Union but for some re'ason, 3e. During maybe because he was going on a trip to Moscow, l would be the idea. was postponed. He left for Moscow insterad t would be of Damascus. el Nasser's form of a firis is the culmination of the work which we merger. began on the fortieth day after Gamal Abdel Nasser'sd-eath. We met here at the Sheraton; then the . and at at our second meeting, Syria joined after President and EgYPt- 115 !\- ,.t''fr
Hafez El Assad's movement. and later at the last in this Union wheu meeting. druple one. Our last meeting at the Sheraton was originally As f told you, a meeting between Egypt, Syria and Libya, a result of the state was of the Sheraton meeting held in January, and it was February 22 and th agreed that we were,to meet in Tobruk. of the state was scl later op, Syria was 1 Even in January we all agreed, while here, to AI As,sad'had some proclaim the shape of the state on February 22 dentiat elections ano which coincides with the first unity (with Syria), affairs, ete. This was meant to tell the whole world that, in spite of all intrigue6, unity would be restored. Anyway, this w meet President Hafez El Assad prolrcsed that the shape at Tobruk (U Tobruk, of the state be procla.imed on Septernber 28 whieh f visited the with President coincides with the date of the death of Gamal Num the tripartite Abdel Nasser and the secession between Egypt and meetin to, corning Syria thus rendering an implication to the two over to ( the four.of ,occasions. us. So, Kazzafy and anothe That was what we agreed. upon last January and we agreed that 15. The Sudan pbrticipated with us fully, in all Cairo if the conditioi steps, and contributed to everything. But it has it. Otherrvise, we w its own circumstances and state of affairs. As we in Tobruk, as it hz have agreed upo,n and as we said in our agreementj between Egypt, Syrir the move should be a vo,Iuntary one and considera. tion should be given to each othe'r's circumstances. However, presir The day will come, however, when this ils deemed Cairo.and we met, tl propitious. But the Sudan is a constituent, state the bases of everythir
116 ''\a FrI . $ir [::
.at the last in this Union whether it be, a tripartite or a qua- dmple one. s originally As I told you, the proclamation of the shape rya, a result of the state was suppo,sed to take place last , and it was February 22 and. the referendum and establishment of the state was scheduld fo,r Seplember 2g. But, later op, Syna was preoccupied and Fresident Hafez fle here, to Al Assad had some ma.tters to tackle: the presi- 'ebruary 22 dential elections and the re-shaping of the state of vith Syria). affairs, etc. rld that, in Anyway, this was deferred. until )e restored. we agreed to meet at Tobruk (Libya). Before rt the shaPe that meeting at To'bruk, I visited the Sudan and er 28 which talked things over with President Numeiry. When r of Gamal I told him about the tripartite meeting, he said he r Eg'ypt and would not object to, coming over to Cairo so as ts the two to hold. a, meeting, the four.of us. So, T sent a message to president Kazzafy and another mesnage to president Assad last January and we agreed that we convene, the four of us, in fully, in all Cairo if the conditions in the Sudan should permit But it has it. Otherwise, we would ho,ld a tripartitei meeting 'airs. As we in Tobruk, as it had already been agreed upon r agreementj between EgJrpt, Syna and Libya. rd considera- rcumstance$.; Ilowever, President Numeiry came over to is is deemed Cairo and we met, the four of us, and worked out tituent state the bases of everything. But as regards the,timing,
7L7 --l---r-:
President Numeiry said it was a bit early, on his part, because he had sweral matters to deal with Ttre on May 25. As I told you, we had to give due whole pe people were consideration to each other's circumstances and we induc the people had to stand by each other without embarrassing wr defeat anybody. and to say t trrost, continue the President Gaafar Numeiry left fo,r a visit to though we lost g0 Moscow, and we left for Benghazi where agreement soldier was to be was reached on the establishment of a union state as Gamal Abdel N of the Arab Republies. soul, said one day. There are two points left, and it seems that I In spite of ever have taken too much of your time. I want to speak on June g and 10; briefly because I feel that I imposed a little upo.n was the instinct o you. I want to speak about the structure of the genuineness which new state, my visio,n of it and my vision of the the defeat. battle today. This is the The position in which we find ourseLves today; hist battle broke out who created this position ? After the 1967 defeat, but years and and after the terrible blow suffered by our Armed a half wi are co'rnpleting Forces, they imagined that they would be able to the We stood fa,st po.liticr dictate tleir will upon us. But all credit goes to so that the the people of June 9 and 10. Wemust never forget tone ol I am not threateni these memorable days in our history and, life. threats but f When we come to write down the history of our am mor that the strength Revolution, or the history of the whole ne\M con- of position of struction, we must record this date in pure gold in our Arm, up which memory of the people of June 9 and 10. we achiev are the reasons whir think twice 118 now. :ly, on his deal with The whole trrcople, nobody can allege that the r give due people were induced to go out on tJ:at day. No res and we the people went out spo,ntaneously to reject .barrassing defeat and to, say to Abdel Nasser : Remain,in your post, continue the battle and we are behind you, a visit to though we lost 80Vo of our weapons. Not a single agreement soldier was to be found between Suez and Cairo rnion state as Gamal Abdel Nasser, God's mercy be upon his soul, said one day. ems that I In spite of everything, the unarmed masses rose rt to speak on June 9 and 10; nobody urged them to do so; it little upo.n was the instinct of the people, their solidrff and ure of the genuine'ness which made, them go out and reject rion of the the defeat. Ttris is the history which we must record. The lves today; battle broke out but later on we stood fast for three defeat, 967 years and a half with Gamal Abdel Nasser, and we Armed our are cornpleting the other half of the fourth yea"r. able to be We stood fa,st po.litically, economically and militarily, lit goes to so that the to'ne of the enemy today is different. rever forget I am not threatening, and I am not inclined to r and, life. threats but I am more inclined to a.ction. I am saying .o'ry of our that the strength of our Armed Forces today, the e ne{M con- position of our Armc+il Forces today and the build- ure gold in up which we achieved today in the military field, are the reasons which make the concerrled parties think twice now.
119 "*& l,'8,',.:
the Soviet I we Before, they used to think about whBn were fered a gre twice going tor su.rrender ? No - today they think consideered t am not im"1 the battle, and as I told you, I began work very threatening -, I am inclined to actio'n' I say science. W as simply, t"a f said' it befo're, and all the parties the homelir of now kno.w it : an eye for an eye' and a tooth national dig tooth. Ttrese words are known to all parties for a Today, it mrot" you an eye for an eye'' a tooth and I repeai p,owers. It r toottr, raids in depth for raids in depth' and for a technologict for naPalm. napalm beyo'nd anl Cabinet me I say that your Armed Fo'rces, thanks to this ness' as the people's stanA on June I and 10, thanks to their stage only a milit ietermination and will, have reached the wonld is the nece whereby I can stand today and declare to ttre belief, in o: at large, after the 1967 defea't, that our criterion in based on is an eye for an eye' a. tooth for a tooth, raids faith. depth ior raids in clepth, and na'palm for napalm' In othr be aware of the But I wa nt you, brothers, to Forces I ct is one aspect of fact that this, in my estimation, and tell hit waging' Do not ever think the battle which we a,re be a marl the whole battle' No' The that this constitutes wealnn; I u'ttr"ismuchmoreserious.Thebattleimplies age, la'g behind of the that we must never allow ourselves to which I again. I.said at the last Cabinet meeting Since a starting attended that we should use this battle as cannot leat in point for building the new state as was the case
120 GF' "F f
the Soviet Union. In 1t)41, the Soviet Union suf- we |re fered a greater defeat than we suffered; and it twice considered the battle then a starting point, and it no, n began working and constmcting on the ,ba'sis of 'We, r very science. too, tregan to build for the sake of ies as the homeldnd, for the sake of our sovereignty and tooth national dignitY. rarties two super- , tooth Today, the Soviet Unio'n is one o'f very high h, and powers. It reached the moon, it reached a technological level, and realised everything that is beyond any man's mind to imagine. I said at the p this Cabinet meeting, and I call upon you to bear wit- i their nes:sias the people of Egypt that the battle is not stage only a military battle: another aspect of the battle r wonld is the necessity to build, the mode'rn state. In my iterion belief, in order to build our new state it should be aitls in ba.sed on two inseparable principles, science and palm. faith. In other words, when f want to arm my Armed of the Forces I cannot glve a soldier any kind of weapon pct of and tell him go and fight, and if you die, you will r think be a mart5rr. I must give him the best kind of lo. The must provide him with the electrnonics implies weapon; I live our age and not lag behind' behind of the age. I must I rhich I Since I'am in the age of eletronie warfare' *arting cannot leave my son without the means of electronic case in LzL warfare to, face an enemy who has electronic warfare - this is tfre building of our State. After I mention I supply him with electronics and after I realise weapon which I for him tJle highest standard of science in this age' were devoid of by the effort and sweat of all of us, I can tell him fast. We tried go and fight; saylng : nothing will ha.ppen to us forces of Franc except what God has destined for us. I cannot send us here and h him with a club and say : nothing will happen to us rallying arounc except. what God has destined for us. This was due t As I to,ld you, the construction of the State I consider must rely on two bases : science and faith. Here, is to,build uP tl I must revert once more, and reiterate befo're you, or close, our e by virtue of my historic responsibility, that we have will be rePeate entered the age of electronics. Electronic warfare is not onlY on has been introduced to our Armv. The Soviet Union t 'If this is onlY gave it to us. we had engaged ourselves in modern State reseaich for.tens of years, we would have reached built in all ol it, but after tens of years, by which time they would have outstripped us by scores of years. No. The I am lool Soviet Union has introduced us to this age, I must part of the r give' credit to whom it is due. Republics, to r But, as I told you, the military aspect is irot of our PeoPle the only one to which science should be applied. up, and after It should be applied in the eonstmction of the new dignitY, stmgl state;'in all its branches; in agriculture, industry, United Arab Re1 the ecenomy, in the departments, and the organi- the Arab sations. The bases must be science and faith. firis nect stitution. I t22 It was a I mention faith lest we forget' it' 10' when we wea,pon which we tried on June 9 and and we stood were devoi.d of everything but faith when t,Le air fast. We tried it in November, 1956 forees of France, England'and Israel were attacking people were us here and bombing Sinai while the rallyrng around Gamal Abdel Nasser in the streets' firis was due to faith; science and faith' stage I consider our restr)onsibility in the coming tag behind is to build up ttre ,r"* St*tu because if we place in 1967 or close our eyes again, what took permit' This will be repeated". Ttris we shall never you' as is not o"ly o" the military level as I told the this is only one aspect of the battle' while be modern State based on science and faith should built in all other branches of life'
I am looking forward, aftet we have become of the Union of tJ:e Arab part-Republics, of the neTv State to what I have felt fro'm the great masses be mixed of our people, so that' names might not honesty' up, "rrd. after we have maintained with the name of the tlignity, strrrggle, sweat and effort' to the name of U;t"d AraU R",p,rUti", to go back the Arab RePublic of EgYPL of the Con- firis necessitates the amendment put my thoughts stitution. I am thinking, and" I 1.23 'jff ':t
befo're you and the decision is yours, because the of every i people are the o,rigin in everyttring why socialist so shouldn't rve avail ourselves of this opportunity and protect otrr set up ouy' permanent constitution ? Let us set up with them r a permanent constitution that shall d.efine every_ Clne lai tlins in ,our life and even clarify the forttrcorning speak to yo features;. of our society, their construction, gua_ po,nsibility r rantees and limits. I am thinking of the coming decision. Il and "shall prepare, , fbgu in this res-pect, that which Nasser said r am abre to present to the trrcople, God willing. sible befo,re On self - a r'e the o,ther hand, I want to state before you that tJ:e responsible: Revolution next July, God willing, will be 19 years of the Repu old, and getting on to its twentieth year. We must stage and: codify the Revolution, we do not at all need to life. take exceptional measures. Let me state b_eforeyo,u These that, despite all that happened, despite r the battle Today, I \4/e are passing through, ihe catastrophe ha that befell the choice us with Gamal Abdel Nassetr,s deittr, the circumstances, kesident of the war, all that we "*. ii"i"g c in {rom the people p-sychological war to imperialist pressures a ald unity, and all that you hear, I want to state be-fore you that until starting po: this day, f have not resorted to a single exceptional taken the measure. On the contrary, *" h"Irr" I be,gun to liquidate have been I all exceptional measures s.o as to place the authority in the hands of the Judiciary; to be loyal r this being the process of codifying the Revo,lution. ihe people, Everything must be governed. by law. Ttre protection Thougb
724 F_a:ms:" $i
beeause the of every individual, every measure and of our g why socialist society is essentia.l. If our laws canno,t rrtunity and protect our socia,list society.then we must d"o away rt us set up with them and lay,down new laws for itsr protection. dine every- Clne last thing,'my brothers; I would. like to forthcorning speak to you with all clarity about defining the res_ rction, gua- ponsibility of the leadership in taking tJre political the comiiig decision. Here f remember what Gamal Abdel that which Nasser said : I am responsible befo,re God, respon- cl willing. siblerbefore the people and responsible before ty_ self - a reslrc,nsibility before you of conscience because I am respo.nsiblefor everything president mg, will be that happens as of the Republic e,lected ltieth year. by these, people at a irucial st_ageand at a stage of great not at development in our all life. t me state ,ed, despite These'lvere the words of Gamal AMel Nasser. Today, ntastrophe I have the honour to state before you that the ey's deat}, choice of the Egyptian people of myself as r are living President of the Republic was a pledge between the people pressures and f, to safeguard togettrer lhe national unitg and refore you consolidate it, in prepa.ration and. as a o a single starting point f,or the batile of destiny. ,I have taken pledge we have the with conviction and gratitude. I have re,s so as been loyal and will continue, rvith God,s help, Judiciary; to be loyal as long as I rbmain in my positio,n which levolution. the people wa.nted meto be in. protection president Though I have become of the Repu.
725 the follow-up, and tl blic in circumstances which you know, and are decisions connected aware of tie e: We must complete the diniensions of national Our efforts tow unity which has enabled us to pernevere in this also be an integral conflict until today, espeially since the batile calls of the efforts whicl for it. The participation of all the people on all of our so,ns.who an levels and throughout ttre nation with its different the moet h L26 the follow-up, and ttre implementation of the serious 1 you know, and are decisions connected rvith the battle, is a sure gua- omplicatirons, dif f iculty rantee of all the people's stand, shoulder to ponsibility; though the shoulder, behind their co'ura,geous Armed Forces, :, Gamal Abdel Nasser, preparing to wage *.he battle of destiny. This day and difficulty and in is no't far off. :irrcumstanees through For this reason, dear brothers, I go ba.ck to say g and which were un- that national unity is the architect of the July 23 - in spite of all this Revolution and all the revolutions that took place w, not to reso,rt at all throughout our history; national unity is that which asture. I was even keen enabled us to persevere over the last 19 years l exceptional measures aga.inst the va.rious imperialist conspiracies, the the marrh of the Re- va-rious shapes and forms of economic and political t, in the consciousness, pressure and psychological war. It provided us, ing fast to their Revo- first and foremost, rvith the magnificent persis- eeply believing in the tence fo,llowing the 196? defeat. It expressed itse"lf of the Revolution and and appeared in a wonder.ful aspect on June 9 and r the other hand. I do 10, astounding our enemies, the imperialists and I, in this direction, the Zionists. r determined to follow, rave put my footsteps I believe we have never stood in such need for this national unity as much as we do today. cliniensions of national Orrr efforts towards asserting this. unity could r.to prsevere in this ,also be an integral part ,of our military effort and y since the battle calls of the efforts which we are exerting for the sake I all the people on all of our so4s.who Are wagrng the militaqlr.baltle - rtion witl its different the mosl honourable and most vio,lent battle at one als in the forrrulation, L?7 -E.' until tlte behalf and the same time - on our behalf and on picture tht of the future generations. sacrifice w Nasse'r said - and we, too, repeat Gamal Abde,l Have - that the people is the master; the it after him Forces. I i: leader; and the owner of the country' people is the told. them - people wjll wage with its Armed Forces It is the who in them. E the battle of its life, with all its respo'nsibilities and Let ur the sacrifices whic"h it imposes" Thus, no individual .behind ou: or group - whoever the individual or groupr may love, our f, be has the right to assume for himself or them- we possess selves a separate capacity apart from the people's capacity, nor to claim for himself or themselves a Brothr position from which to impose his or their will on lhe unity the masses, nor to' hide behind slogans or maohina- inspiration tions in an attempt to form lnsitirons of lnwer the capaci through which to impose his or their guardianship rejected s upon the people, since this people, together with on liberty Gamal AMel Nasser, have toppled atl positions of homeland, power so that the people alone may remain master of the pe of its destinY. eco,nomic workets, a Before I conclude my speech, I want to tell shall be n you that you must be proud of your Armed Forces' and feud i UAa six meetings with the commanders of our intellectua Armed. f,'ortes, all those who will enter, who will opinion. enose, and who will Plan. Our tr I would have liked to place before you a picture overcome of which you will be proud, but I shall put it off t28 a, until and on behalf the batile is finished because behind this picture there are acts of heroism, manhood aird sacrifice .,,vhich we, too, repeat are beyond description. Have re master; the trust in the members of your Armed ,f Forces. f informed the country. them of your trust in them and told them -- Armed Forces and they hear me now * of your hope nsibilities and in them. Be one line behind them. , no individual Let us stand, at the next stage; in one line )r grcup may behind our Armed. Fo,rces, with oir hearts, our nself or them- lovg our feelings and emotions and with everything n the people's we possess. themselves a Brothers, we 'their are marching on our path with will on of people :hu .u"lly and our nation, with the. s or machina- inspiration.of -our our people and our ons of nation and with trlower the capacities of otrr 'guardianship people and our nation. We rejected subjugation and trusteeship; together with we insisted on liberty and fought to realise il positions it; libe,rty of the of home'land, liberty of 'ran, freedom of the alliance emain master of the peopie,s working powels, politieal liberty, economic freedom, the gains of the farmers and want to tell workers, and preserving the democratic spirit. Thene \rmed Forces- shall be no return to the dornination of capitalism urders of our and feudalism; no acceptance of any form of rter, who will intellectual terrorirsm which suptr)resses freed.o,m of opinion. you a plcture Our people, with God,s will and pruvidence, will overcome ell put it off this erisis. It witt emerge victorious and 1n strong. It will emerge' with God's will, with a sens€ of pride and self-confidence, along with a confidence in its principles and with a deeper faith in the values of its struggle as well as in the means adopted by it in the Arab struggle for the sake of these values. The banners of freedom will never fall on this great and pure soil. The banners of civilisation will never lag behind nor will they come to a standstill. They will fly ever higher and ever stronger, with ADDRESST( God's wm. a pointer to thirs is derived from the annals of history and our experience with history is but an indicator to the future. Indeed, Gamal Abdel Nasser was right when he said in his last speech : We are proceeding towards our target, namely, the liberation of the PRESIDENTAI\ occupied territory; and. our motion towards achiev. ing this target is not a shackled motion but rather a free and open one, abiding by the principles of our struggle. Mry May God guide you and may God's peace and mercy be ttpon you. 130