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In Himachal Pradesh: a Study of Kuther Panchayat

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In Himachal Pradesh: a Study of Kuther Panchayat A Report on Community Development through Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) in Himachal Pradesh: A Study of Kuther Panchayat Submitted to National Institute of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj (NIRD & PR) Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India Submitted by Dr. Ramna Thakur Indian Institute of Technology, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India February 2018 Table of Contents Executive Summary ii-iv Introduction An overview of Panchayati Raj in Himachal Pradesh 1 Methodology Need for the study 3 Objectives of the study 3 Nature of data used 4 Research approach 4-5 Findings and Analysis Case Study of Kuther Panchayat 7-27 i Executive Summary Gram panchayat Kuther is located in Nagrota Surian block of district Kangra. The gram panchayat has been spread in the area of 5 to 6 square kilometers. It is one of the oldest panchayats of Himachal Pradesh and was established on 27-10-1945 under the British rule. As per Census 2011, the panchayat has a total population of 2,489 persons which consists of 1,397 males and 1,279 females. The sex ratio of panchayat is 915 females per thousand males. Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Other Backward Castes (OBCs) comprise 29 percent, 27 percent and 19 percent of the population. Panchayat’s literacy rate is 92 percent of which male and female literacy rate is 94 and 90 percent respectively. Most of the villagers are dependent upon agriculture and dairy farming to earn their living. Gram panchayat Kuther is headed by Pradhan, Up-pradhan and comprises seven ward members. Someone has said that necessity is the mother of invention. It is rightly applicable to gram panchayat Kuther. During summers, the panchayat suffered from the problem of acute water shortage. Villagers had to travel 3 kilometers to fetch water for their day to day purpose. Most of the time was getting spent to fetch water. Overall, both children and adults had to spend a lot of time to fetch water which could have been utilised for something else. As the situation was getting difficult, the panchayat officials met and discussed the seriousness of the problem. After continues discussions, strategies such as building rainwater harvesting tanks, check dams and digging bore wells were incorporated to solve this problem. First of all, under the ‘Swajal Dhara Scheme’ panchayat dug extra bore wells to extract water. Then electric power sets were installed to lift water from the bore well. Now each bore well caters to the need of 15–20 households. The panchayat also took some important initiatives to increase the supply of water for irrigation. Construction of check dams is one such initiative. In addition, to check dams, rainwater harvesting tanks have also been constructed in the panchayat. This helps in accumulating rainwater which is being used for agriculture. The gram panchayat Kuther had less area under tree coverage. Lack of tree cover was often causing the problem of soil erosion. Loss of productivity of the land enforced panchayat officials to devise a strategy to increase tree cover in the area. The panchayat officials took the help of Forest department and planted nearly one lakh trees in the panchayat. Now, the area under tree cover has increased tremendously and soil erosion due to heavy monsoon rains has reduced extensively. ii These trees are extremely beneficial as the leaves of some of these trees can be used as fodder for the cattle. Similar to other rural areas in the country, the main occupation of Kuther panchayat residents is agriculture and dairy. Majority of the land was used to grow food grains and cash crops. As a result, less area was available to grow fodder for the cattle. The scarcity of water during summers made it really difficult for the farmers to get fresh fodder for their cattle. As the panchayat had surplus land at its disposal, it was allocated for the purpose of cultivating fodder at the community level. Now, the farmers take their cattle for grazing and they also cut fodder for their cattle. With availability of green fodder throughout the year, the overall yield of the cattle has increased. Many local residents have increased the number of cattle. Gram panchayat Kuther has a Government senior secondary school. However, due to old structure, most of the rooms were not ideal to be used as classrooms. Sometimes, two or three classes had to be accommodated in one classroom. During monsoon season it was difficult to sit inside the classrooms as the ceilings were often leaking due to rain. Because of this issue, the students were reluctant to go to the school and the presence of students was getting reduced. It was proving detrimental to the overall education of the students. Looking into the situation, the worried parents first went to the school administration and then discussed the matter with the panchayat officials. The panchayat officials took notice of the situation and constructed extra rooms in the school campus in Jan Sahayog scheme of the government. Now, students come to the school regularly and the absenteeism due to poor infrastructure has reduced enormously. This again is a very good step taken by the panchayat as children are the real wealth of the nation and their development is contingent to the education they get. Along with agriculture, dairy farming is also an important occupation in the panchayat. Most of the people in Kuther had cow sheds but they lacked concrete fodder containers, which is used to give fodder to the cattle. Most of the times the fodder used to get mixed with the muddy surface and get wasted. It was already difficult to bring fodder for cattle and its wastage accentuated the problem. After proper deliberations with villagers the panchayat officials took notice of this problem and allocated funds to individual cow sheds for the construction of fodder containers. So far around 150 concrete fodder containers have been constructed in the entire panchayat. Apart from these initiatives, the panchayat has done other important works that has transformed the entire area. For these initiatives the panchayat has won the Atal Adarsh Gram Award in 2012, iii by the Govt. of Himachal Pradesh, good work in the implementation of MGNREGA for the year (2015-16), received in 2017 and Rashtriya Gaurav Gram Sabha Award for the year (2015-16), received in 2017. iv Introduction An overview of Panchayati Raj in Himachal Pradesh In Himachal Pradesh, Panchayat Raj system was established in a statutory form under the provisions of the Himachal Pradesh Panchayati Raj Act, 1952 in the year 1954. Before the enactment of the Himachal Pradesh Panchayat Raj Act, 1952 only 280 Gram Panchayats existed. However, in the year 1954, 466 Gram Panchayats were established, and the number of Gram Panchayats increased to 638 during the year 1962. On 1st November 1966, the hilly areas of Punjab were merged in the State, and consequently, the number of Gram Panchayats rose to 1695. In the merged area, a three-tier Panchayati Raj system was in existence under the provisions of Punjab Panchayat Samiti and Zila Parishad Act, whereas two-tier system was prevalent in this State. To bring uniformity in the Panchayati Raj system of the old and the newly merged areas, the Himachal Pradesh Panchayati Raj Act, 1968 was enacted on 15th November 1970 in this State, and the two- tier Panchayati Raj system was established throughout the State. After the enactment of the said Act in the year 1970, the existing Gram Sabhas were reorganized or bifurcated from time to time and new Gram Sabhas/Gram Panchayats were established. At present, some Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) working in the state of Himachal Pradesh in several domains are quite noticeable which include fields like regularity of panchayat meetings including those of gram sabha and standing committees, attendance in these meetings particularly the representation of SC and STs in the Gram Sabhas, discussions held and issues discussed, resolutions undertaken on various development works, identification of multiple beneficiaries, implementation of the State and Central Government schemes, efforts for achieving total sanitation, development of effective plans for raising own resources, systems for efficient tax collection, strengthening of local institutions, capacity building of the elected representatives and staff, having mechanism for transparency and accountability, development in the infrastructure in the panchayat, cleanliness, Page 1 of 27 women empowerment, save girl child, education, health, employment, awareness and so on. These gram panchayats in the state have set many examples in rural development, infrastructure development and implementation of all programmes launched by the Centre and state government. These panchayats have been selected among many gram panchayats from all over the country and state for the national and state level awards in different time periods and got an appraisal for their best performance in the country. Some of these panchayats took the lead in getting declared open defecation free (ODF) in the state and became eligible for different cash awards. Some of them have successfully launched Swachh Bharat Mission by keeping its panchayat neat and clean besides constructing separate toilets of boys and girls in all government schools in the panchayat and fulfilled all yardsticks laid down by the Centre under the Swachh Bharat programme. Some of them have installed solar streetlights in different wards of the panchayats. The panchayats have also built crematoriums under government’s Vikas Mein Jan Sahyog scheme. Most of these panchayats have built their panchayat bhawans (buildings) with a well-furnished conference hall, veterinary dispensary, community hall, and a fair price shop are sometimes running under the same roof. Some of them have brought about a remarkable change in the magnitude of participation of women in PRIs.
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