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Swedish Aeronautics Industry, Technologies and Innovation Saab and its Aircraft Billy Fredriksson, CTO Saab Ret´d Royal Aeronautical Society Australien Division Februari-March 2019 PAGEBBEF 1 2019 Swedish Aeronautics Industry, Technologies and Innovation Saab and its Aircraft Outline A short history of Swedish Aeronautics and Aviation Briefing on Saab Aircraft, new technologies and Innovations Closer look into the Gripen Project and the Aircraft Swedish Business environment and innovation system Rational for investing in advanced high technology projects Saab Venture – Spin Off and Spin in of technologies PAGEBBEF 2 2019 Sweden (10 milj) PAGEBBEF 3 2019 Short History of Swedish Aeronautics and Aviation - 1910, 6 Nov First flight with swedish built aircraft - 1910 to 1940, many small a/c manufacturer Nyrop 2 - 1910 Education and research in aeronautics - 1930 First professor in aeronautics, Ivar Malmer at KTH -1940- Aeronautical Research Institute, FFA Today merged with Swedish Defence Research Agency, FOI -11 Universities giving Engineering education on Master level - 3 main universities in Aeronautical Engineering on Master level BBEF 2019 First flight 6 Nov 1910 Thulin E 1913-- Viking I 1931-- Nyrop 2 ASJA Typ2 1932-- History of Swedish Aviation 1910 to late 1940-ies Saab 21 R 1947-- SA-14 Jaktfalken 1933-- Saab 21 1943 -- Saab 18 1939-- Saab 17 1939-- Viking II 1935-- PAGEBBEF 5 2019 Consolidation of Swedish Aviation Industry PAGEBBEF 6 2019 Saab AB (2018) Reinvest 23% in R&D SALES 33,000 % MSEK 5,000 MAUD 17 000 100 EMPLOYEES CUSTOMER COUNTRIES Local Presence in 35 countries 7 BBEF 2019 Volvo Aero Corporation 2012 GKN Aerospace Sweden Aeroengines Space 2000 employees PAGEBBEF 8 2019 Saab Aircraft More than 4000 aircraft manufactured Among them 500 airliners PAGEBBEF 9 2019 Saab Innovation Track Record •1st Ejection Seat J21 (prod.1944-47) •1st A/C modified from propeller to jet engine J21 •Novel Configuration J21 •1st Swept Wing Jet in Europe Tunnan (1st flight 1948) •1st production A/C with afterburner Tunnan •2 world speed records Tunnan •Peak production rate 1 A/C per day Tunnan •1st Saab Supersonic A/C 32 (1st flight 1952) •1st Saab System A/C ex Radar 32 •1st Double Delta Wing Draken (1st flight 1955) •1st Composite Engine Air Intake on Mach2 cruise A/C Draken •Computer analysis of complete airframe Draken •Proven A/C robustness in NATO excercises Draken Denmark •1st Canard configuration in production Viggen (1st flight 1967) •1st A/C w Central Computer Viggen •1st Tactical Data Link bw A/C Viggen •1st Digital FCS Viggen •1st single-engine fighter with Thrust reversal Viggen •1st Auto Gun Aiming Viggen •1st HUD in production Viggen •1st On-board training & evaluation system Viggen •1st virtual target training aid Viggen •1st metal bonded wing panels in Mach 2 A/C Viggen • etc. PAGEBBEF 10 2019 Saab J21,21R 1944-47 •All armament in the nose •Pushing propeller •1st Ejection Seat •1st A/C modified from propeller to jet engine •Novel Configuration PAGEBBEF 11 2019 29 Tunnan 1948--- • 1st Swept Wing Jet in Europe •1st production a/c with afterburner •2 world speed records •Peak production rate 1 a/c per day In total 661 a/c produced PAGEBBEF 12 2019 35 Draken 1955--- • 1st Double Delta Wing • Computer analysis of complete airframe (Forerunner to Finite element method, FEM. Invented by Saab engineer Börje Langefors) Besk • Proven A/C robustness in NATO excercise • Airbag in Danish version PAGEBBEF 13 2019 37 Viggen 1967--- •Closely coupled canard and delta wing for for low speed characteristics • Short take off and landing for road bases •1st A/C w Central Computer –systems A/C •1st Tactical Data Link between A/C •1st single-engine fighter with Thrust reversal •1st metal bonded wing panels in Mach 2 A/C • etc PAGEBBEF 14 2019 Five generations of Saab aircraft PAGEBBEF 15 2019 JAS 39 Gripen A closer look into the project PAGEBBEF 16 2019 Gripen Program EXPORT Project start 1982 Swedish Air Force Continuous development Batch 1 Batch 2 Batch 3 Maintenance 30 aircraft 110 aircraft 64 aircraft Spares ‘90 ‘95 ‘00 ‘05 ‘10 ‘15 ‘20 Order book 232 aircraft Deliveries at 2000-03-01: 85 aircraft A new generation Gripen order backlog: 147 aircraft is developed and Single-seater development completed Dec 96 flight tested Two-seater development completed April 98 Gripen E Export standard aircraft available from mid-2002 - A New Aircraft - 17 BBEF 2019 Air show and g-forces PAGEBBEF 18 2019 The JAS 39 Gripen Fighter Critical Drivers First Gripen Contract • Multirole aircraft - Development of a/c • Small and light weight - 30 series production a/c To fixed price • Simplicity Industry to take the risk • 4th generation fully digital systems aircraft Complex highly integrated system • System hierarchy two levels above platform • Wide bandwidth of technologies-clockspeed • Life Cycle Value (cost, performance etc) • Mil Spec-A-83444 Damage Tolerance PAGEBBEF 19 2019 Swedish Dispersed basing Concept Dispersed basing = Independence Totally mobile flight line - Few and mobile ground support equipment - No external ground power, air/engine starter Turn-Around 60 - Longer transports of spare parts 50 10 40 20 30 Few personnel - No specialists on flight line - Use of mainly conscripts Ordinary roads operation - Short and narrow take-off and landing - Narrow manoeuvring on ground 20 BBEF 2019 Landing on ordinary roads 21 BBEF 2019 Technologies - Performance and Growth Mechanics and Material "Performance" 8 4 1 2 Ex. 1950 1970 1990 21st century Technologies Swept wing • Canard • Movable canard • New concepts • Deltawing • Reduced stability • Electric Power • Composite mtrl generation • New materials • etc. PAGEBBEF 22 2019 Technologies - Performance and growth Systems and information technologies Functions/ “Performance “ New design concepts 5 6 10 -10 100-1000 10 1 Phenomena Ex. 1950 1970 1990 21st century Technologies - 1 CPU - 40 CPU - Computers and electronics - Radar - Computer memory - Sensor technology and speed - Integration level - Fully integr. digital - Information and data fusion - MMI, display etc. - Communication - Communication - Command & Control - Autonomy - Micro electromechanics - etc. PAGEBBEF 23 2019 Life of Technologies Structures and Materials Avionics, electronics and S/W Life cycle- years/month Life cycle- Decades New Technologies and Clockspeed * Development *Charlie Fine MIT PAGEBBEF 24 2019 Complexity Complex Products Saab being the integrator Complex Development and Production Environments Complex Organisations Utilizing supply chain capability PAGEBBEF 25 2019 Augustine´s Law Number XVI “In the year 2054, the entire defense budget will purchase just one aircraft. This aircraft will have to be shared by the Air Force and the Navy 3-1/2 days per week except for the leap year, when it will be made available to the Marines for the extra day.” 26 BBEF 2019 The Saab JAS 39 Gripen Aircraft • Breaking the cost trend • Delivering best life cycle value The Saab approach to meet these challenges- Two examples PAGEBBEF 27 2019 Designing for Best Life Cycle Value Model Based Systems Engineering - Model-based development, production & support - Modelling and Simulation Tools and Methods Presentation Tactical alternatives scenarios VAPS TACSI VFP PMSIM TACSI VAPS = Virtual Avionics Prototyping VFP = Virtual Front Panel TACSI = Tactical Simulation System Systems Architecture Capability WS 22 - Decoupling & separation of concerns. Ed 21 Ed 20 Ed 19 E.g. Flight critical and non flight critical Ed 18 Ed 17 - Design for flexibility & upgradeability Ed 16 Ed 15 Ed 14 Through the life cycle Time PAGEBBEF 28 2019 Life Cycle Value-The Gripen Concept Combat Performance Availability Life Cycle Value Life Cycle Cost, LCC PAGEBBEF 29 2019 JAS 39 GRIPEN Operated by air forces in five Experience from more than 20 countries and the years of operation has shown: Empire Test Pilots’ School in the UK. Also purchased by This document contains Saab AB proprietary Not Company Restricted BBEF 2019 information and may not be disclosed, copied, PAGE 30 Not Export Controlled altered or used for any unauthorized purpose without Not Military Classified the written permission of Saab AB THE SAAB WAY - GRIPEN AS AN EXAMPLE • More than 200 aircraft delivered • 20+ years of operation in the Air Force • More than 300 000 Fh PAGEBBEF 31 2019 Life Cycle Cost Model Based Systems Engineering- Life Cycle Approach - Identification of robust architectures - Early Knowledge and storage of knowledge throughout life cycle - Shared understanding of requirements and solutions - Enable competive lead times and quality -Increased confidence and reduced testing Tools and Methods Presentation Tactical alternatives scenarios VAPS TACSI VFP PMSIM TACSI VAPS = Virtual Avionics Prototyping VFP = Virtual Front Panel TACSI = Tactical Simulation System PAGEBBEF 32 2019 Life Cycle Value Two examples from the Gripen project Airframe Engineering - Fatigue and damage tolerance-Through the life of the a/c Avionic systems -The new architecture in Gripen E- for efficient upgrading and combat performance- Through the life of the a/c PAGEBBEF 33 2019 Durability and Damage Tolerance PAGEBBEF 34 2019 Service Life Monitoring Wing-Fwd fitting: Bending Canard: Bending Torsion Fin - Aft fitting:Bending C.g. : Load factor Pylon # 4 Pylon # 5 Outer Elevon: Torsion Pylon # 3 Pylon # 2 Pylon # 1 PAGEBBEF 35 2019 PAGEBBEF 36 2019 Model Concept for Fatigue and Damage Tolerance PAGEBBEF 37 2019 Model Concept for Fatigue and Damage Tolerance PAGEBBEF 38 2019 Delivering value to the Air Forces For each