Swedish Aeronautics Industry, Technologies and Innovation Saab and its Aircraft

Billy Fredriksson, CTO Saab Ret´d

Royal Aeronautical Society Australien Division Februari-March 2019

PAGEBBEF 1 2019 Swedish Aeronautics Industry, Technologies and Innovation Saab and its Aircraft Outline

A short history of Swedish Aeronautics and Aviation

Briefing on Saab Aircraft, new technologies and Innovations

Closer look into the Gripen Project and the Aircraft

Swedish Business environment and innovation system

Rational for investing in advanced high technology projects

Saab Venture – Spin Off and Spin in of technologies

PAGEBBEF 2 2019 (10 milj)

PAGEBBEF 3 2019 Short History of Swedish Aeronautics and Aviation

- 1910, 6 Nov First flight with swedish built aircraft

- 1910 to 1940, many small a/c manufacturer Nyrop 2 - 1910 Education and research in aeronautics - 1930 First professor in aeronautics, Ivar Malmer at KTH -1940- Aeronautical Research Institute, FFA Today merged with Swedish Defence Research Agency, FOI -11 Universities giving Engineering education on Master level - 3 main universities in Aeronautical Engineering on Master level

BBEF 2019 First flight 6 Nov 1910

Thulin E 1913-- Viking I 1931--

Nyrop 2

ASJA Typ2 1932-- History of Swedish Aviation 1910 to late 1940-ies

Saab 21 R 1947-- SA-14 Jaktfalken 1933--

Saab 21 1943 -- 1939-- 1939-- Viking II 1935--

PAGEBBEF 5 2019 Consolidation of Swedish Aviation Industry

PAGEBBEF 6 2019 Saab AB (2018)

Reinvest 23% in R&D

SALES

33,000 % MSEK 5,000 MAUD

17 000 100 EMPLOYEES CUSTOMER COUNTRIES

Local Presence in 35 countries

7 BBEF 2019 Corporation 2012 GKN Sweden

Aeroengines Space

2000 employees

PAGEBBEF 8 2019 Saab Aircraft

More than 4000 aircraft manufactured Among them 500 airliners

PAGEBBEF 9 2019 Saab Innovation Track Record •1st J21 (prod.1944-47) •1st A/C modified from propeller to J21 •Novel Configuration J21 •1st Jet in Europe Tunnan (1st flight 1948) •1st production A/C with Tunnan •2 world speed records Tunnan •Peak production rate 1 A/C per day Tunnan •1st Saab Supersonic A/C 32 (1st flight 1952) •1st Saab System A/C ex 32 •1st Double Draken (1st flight 1955) •1st Composite Engine Air Intake on Mach2 cruise A/C Draken •Computer analysis of complete airframe Draken •Proven A/C robustness in NATO excercises Draken •1st configuration in production Viggen (1st flight 1967) •1st A/C w Central Computer Viggen •1st Tactical Data Link bw A/C Viggen •1st Digital FCS Viggen •1st single-engine fighter with Thrust reversal Viggen •1st Auto Gun Aiming Viggen •1st HUD in production Viggen •1st On-board training & evaluation system Viggen •1st virtual target training aid Viggen •1st metal bonded wing panels in Mach 2 A/C Viggen • etc.

PAGEBBEF 10 2019 Saab J21,21R 1944-47

•All armament in the nose •Pushing propeller •1st Ejection Seat •1st A/C modified from propeller to jet engine •Novel Configuration

PAGEBBEF 11 2019 29 Tunnan 1948---

• 1st Swept Wing Jet in Europe

•1st production a/c with afterburner

•2 world speed records

•Peak production rate 1 a/c per day In total 661 a/c produced

PAGEBBEF 12 2019 35 Draken 1955--- • 1st Double Delta Wing

• Computer analysis of complete airframe (Forerunner to Finite element method, FEM. Invented by Saab engineer Börje Langefors)

Besk • Proven A/C robustness in NATO excercise • Airbag in Danish version

PAGEBBEF 13 2019 37 Viggen 1967---

•Closely coupled canard and delta wing for for low speed characteristics • Short take off and landing for road bases •1st A/C w Central Computer –systems A/C •1st Tactical Data Link between A/C •1st single-engine fighter with Thrust reversal •1st metal bonded wing panels in Mach 2 A/C • etc

PAGEBBEF 14 2019 Five generations of Saab aircraft

PAGEBBEF 15 2019 JAS 39 Gripen

A closer look into the project

PAGEBBEF 16 2019 Gripen Program

EXPORT Project start 1982

Swedish Air Force Continuous development Batch 1 Batch 2 Batch 3 Maintenance 30 aircraft 110 aircraft 64 aircraft Spares

‘90 ‘95 ‘00 ‘05 ‘10 ‘15 ‘20 Order book 232 aircraft Deliveries at 2000-03-01: 85 aircraft A new generation Gripen order backlog: 147 aircraft is developed and Single-seater development completed Dec 96 flight tested Two-seater development completed April 98 Gripen E Export standard aircraft available from mid-2002 - A New Aircraft -

17 BBEF 2019 Air show and g-forces

PAGEBBEF 18 2019 The JAS 39 Gripen Fighter Critical Drivers First Gripen Contract • Multirole aircraft - Development of a/c • Small and light weight - 30 series production a/c To fixed price • Simplicity Industry to take the risk • 4th generation fully digital systems aircraft Complex highly integrated system • System hierarchy two levels above platform • Wide bandwidth of technologies-clockspeed • Life Cycle Value (cost, performance etc) • Mil Spec-A-83444 Damage Tolerance

PAGEBBEF 19 2019 Swedish Dispersed basing Concept  Dispersed basing = Independence

 Totally mobile flight line - Few and mobile ground support equipment - No external ground power, air/engine starter Turn-Around

60 - Longer transports of spare parts 50 10

40 20 30

 Few personnel - No specialists on flight line - Use of mainly conscripts

 Ordinary roads operation - Short and narrow take-off and landing - Narrow manoeuvring on ground

20 BBEF 2019 Landing on ordinary roads

21 BBEF 2019 Technologies - Performance and Growth

Mechanics and Material

"Performance"

8 4 1 2 Ex. 1950 1970 1990 21st century Technologies Swept wing • Canard • Movable canard • New concepts • Deltawing • Reduced stability • Electric Power • Composite mtrl generation • New materials • etc.

PAGEBBEF 22 2019 Technologies - Performance and growth Systems and information technologies Functions/ “Performance “ New design concepts

5 6 10 -10 100-1000 10 1 Phenomena Ex. 1950 1970 1990 21st century Technologies - 1 CPU - 40 CPU - Computers and electronics - Radar - Computer memory - Sensor technology and speed - Integration level - Fully integr. digital - Information and data fusion - MMI, display etc. - Communication - Communication - Command & Control - Autonomy - Micro electromechanics - etc.

PAGEBBEF 23 2019 Life of Technologies

Structures and Materials

Avionics, electronics and S/W

Life cycle- years/month Life cycle- Decades

New Technologies and Clockspeed * Development

*Charlie Fine MIT

PAGEBBEF 24 2019 Complexity

Complex Products

Saab being the integrator

Complex Development and Production Environments

Complex Organisations Utilizing supply chain capability

PAGEBBEF 25 2019 Augustine´s Law Number XVI

“In the year 2054, the entire defense budget will purchase just one aircraft. This aircraft will have to be shared by the Air Force and the Navy 3-1/2 days per week except for the leap year, when it will be made available to the Marines for the extra day.”

26 BBEF 2019 The Saab JAS 39 Gripen Aircraft

• Breaking the cost trend • Delivering best life cycle value

The Saab approach to meet these challenges- Two examples

PAGEBBEF 27 2019 Designing for Best Life Cycle Value

Model Based Systems Engineering - Model-based development, production & support - Modelling and Simulation

Tools and Methods

Presentation Tactical alternatives scenarios

VAPS TACSI

VFP PMSIM TACSI

VAPS = Virtual Avionics Prototyping VFP = Virtual Front Panel TACSI = Tactical Simulation System Systems Architecture Capability WS 22 - Decoupling & separation of concerns. Ed 21

Ed 20 Ed 19 E.g. Flight critical and non flight critical Ed 18 Ed 17

- Design for flexibility & upgradeability Ed 16 Ed 15 Ed 14 Through the life cycle Time

PAGEBBEF 28 2019 Life Cycle Value-The Gripen Concept

Combat Performance

Availability Life Cycle Value

Life Cycle Cost, LCC

PAGEBBEF 29 2019 JAS 39 GRIPEN Operated by air forces in five Experience from more than 20 countries and the years of operation has shown: Empire Test Pilots’ School in the UK.

Also purchased by

This document contains Saab AB proprietary Not Company Restricted BBEF 2019 information and may not be disclosed, copied, PAGE 30 Not Export Controlled altered or used for any unauthorized purpose without Not Classified the written permission of Saab AB THE SAAB WAY - GRIPEN AS AN EXAMPLE

• More than 200 aircraft delivered • 20+ years of operation in the Air Force • More than 300 000 Fh

PAGEBBEF 31 2019 Life Cycle Cost

Model Based Systems Engineering- Life Cycle Approach - Identification of robust architectures - Early Knowledge and storage of knowledge throughout life cycle - Shared understanding of requirements and solutions - Enable competive lead times and quality -Increased confidence and reduced testing

Tools and Methods

Presentation Tactical alternatives scenarios

VAPS TACSI

VFP PMSIM TACSI

VAPS = Virtual Avionics Prototyping VFP = Virtual Front Panel TACSI = Tactical Simulation System

PAGEBBEF 32 2019 Life Cycle Value Two examples from the Gripen project

Airframe Engineering - Fatigue and damage tolerance-Through the life of the a/c

Avionic systems -The new architecture in Gripen E- for efficient upgrading and combat performance- Through the life of the a/c

PAGEBBEF 33 2019 Durability and Damage Tolerance

PAGEBBEF 34 2019 Service Life Monitoring

Wing-Fwd fitting: Bending Canard: Bending Torsion Fin - Aft fitting:Bending

C.g. : Load factor

Pylon # 4 Pylon # 5 Outer Elevon: Torsion Pylon # 3 Pylon # 2 Pylon # 1

PAGEBBEF 35 2019 PAGEBBEF 36 2019 Model Concept for Fatigue and Damage Tolerance

PAGEBBEF 37 2019 Model Concept for Fatigue and Damage Tolerance

PAGEBBEF 38 2019 Delivering value to the Air Forces

 For each individual aircraft

 Remaining life of the aircraft

 For changing missions

 For new defense scenario

At any given time

PAGEBBEF 39 2019 Evolution OF Avionics ARCHITECTURE

Distributed Integrated Modular Federated Flight Management GECU DP Integrated

System Computer FLIGHT FADEC RDR NAV HMI MONOLITH CTRL EWCU COM

RTE TEM DSR PFD MDM

SMU 1553 MB MDM Tactical Management GES FLC TAC TDP SIA AIU SIA USER MSS CDL WES CMS HMI RADAR LDP SD TAC APP

PAGEBBEF 40 2019 IMA – Integrated Modular Avionics

Modul

Partition X Partition Y Partition Z

COTS 653-OS

• Independent Partitions with different safety layers • Simplified verification and validation Video for changes within partitions C Level A Level

PAGEBBEF 41 2019 New Avionic System Structure Strategies

• Utilize technology leap: • Efficient architecture Architecture • Optimized methods and processes • Model Based Systems Engineering tools with auto coder Competence • Challenges -> new engineering values • Radical change in working Process/ • All disciplines are effected Methods Tools • Competence (general and specific domain)

• Gripen Demo indicates >> 50% increased development efficiency

Affordability Scalability Portability Reuse Supportability Openness Growth potential Re-configurability Testability

PAGEBBEF 42 2019 Spiral development VS. “MID-LIFE UPGRADES”

Capability

WS 22

Ed 21

Ed 20 Ed 19 Ed 18 Ed 17

Ed 16

Ed 15 Ed 14 MID-LIFE UPGRADE • Costly • Constrained CAPABILITY GAP • Complex and Delayed

Time

PAGEBBEF 43 2019 Delivering value to the Air Forces

Affordability Scalability Portability Reuse Supportability Openness Resilience Robustness Growth potential Re- configurability Testability

PAGEBBEF 44 2019 The new US Trainer T-X

Saab risk-sharing partner with in the development of the T-X aircraft

Saab and Boeing designed, developed, and flight-tested two new, purpose-built a/c

27 Sept. 2018 U.S. Air Force selects the Boeing and Saab T-X trainer

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b6TrD8lgjH8 PAGEBBEF 45 2019 Nations developing modern GNP

Sweden

PAGEBBEF 46 2019 How come Sweden, such a small country, has the capability to develop and manufacture advanced complex systems- like Fighter Aircraft?

• Sweden’s policy of independence • Innovation system and infrastructure • Research Technology and Education networks • Early adaptation of new technologies • Focus on systems integration and architecture • Utilizing the global supply chain • Co-operation is the key to our long term success

PAGEBBEF 47 2019 Swedish Network in Aeronautics (www.nriaflyg.se)

NATIONAL STRATEGIC RESEARCH & INNOVATION AGENDA

Worked out by Industry, Universities and Government Authorities with Innovair as Coordinating Forum

Coordinated with the European Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda, SRIA

PAGEBBEF 48 2019 The R & T & Innovation Networks

Strategic cooperation with Universities,Universities Research and Luleå Institutes and Science Boston Parks MITResearch Establishments Examples: --National Aeronautics Science Parks Research Program KTH -ECSEL, ENDREA, HMI, Göteborg Linköping WITAS In the CTHlong term planning Univ. &-Professors, Res. Establ. adj. prof. can be consideredLund part of the Global Supply-Ph. D. students Chain Cranfield LTH -National Super Computer EU Research Center Programs -FOI,… -EU research,…. -Etc.

PAGEBBEF 49 2019 Linköping University-Study of future Aircraft- Engineering project

PAGEBBEF 50 2019 Swedish Science Parks

Incubators Sources: Academia 50%, Industry 25%, R&D 25% Companies/projects: Established 550, New 250, Alumni 250

Science parks 3,220 companies in Swedish Science Parks 65,000 people employed in Swedish Science Parks

Suppliers (examples) No. TRIAD-patent (USA, EU, JAPAN) per million inhabitants 1991-2003 Innovation Bridge - Supporting incubators and start-ups Industrifonden – Technology, Life Science and Industrial Growth. • Foundation offering venture capital, competence and a network of contacts to growing small and medium-sized companies. Venture Capitalists

Source: OECD, MSTI 2007

PAGEBBEF 51 2019 Science Parks and Innovation

Lindholmen Science Park-Chalmers

Mjärdevi Science Park-LiU Kista Science City-KTH

PAGEBBEF 52 2019 Swedish Business Environment

-Advanced materiel systems acquisition – Demanding customer -Close collaboration: Industry- Government-Research and Education -Many Multinational companies

Deregulation and Globalization New challenges!

PAGEBBEF 53 2019 Global Companies of Sweden

OF SWEDISH ORIGIN

Energy and Mobile Broadband Power Systems Services

Pharmaceutical Space & Defense

Industrial and Scandinavian Mining equipment Airline Systems

Household SAS, StoraEnso and SKF are owned by the Wallenberg Foundation, Banking Appliances which are the principal owner of Investor AB

Telecom Wood, Systems Paper & Pulp

Medical Roller and Technology Ball Bearings

Health Engineering Care

SAS, StoraEnso and SKF are owned by the Wallenberg F oundation, which are the principal owner of Investor AB

Source: Investor www PAGEBBEF 54 2019 Source: Invest in Sweden Agency, Triple Helix - Swedish Defense Systems ( Industrial Development from R&T - Triple Helix in Sweden)

Government Agency – A Competent Customer Saab AB ”Swedish Defence Materiel Administration”

• Technical Universities • Research Institutes • Defence Research Agency

PAGEBBEF 55 2019 Economic Rational for Investing in High Tech Industry ( Industrial Development from R&T - Triple Helix in Sweden)

National Economy

Saab Research Technology Products & Spillover Development

PAGEBBEF 56 2019 Ways Through Which Technologies Diffuse ( Industrial Development from R&T - Triple Helix in Sweden) 1. Labor Markets People with high-tech competence move on labor market 2. Competent Purchasing Subcontractors learn from systems integrating firms and vice versa 3. Strategic acquisition Strategic acquisitions of small high-tech R&D firms 4. Imitation Competitors learn from technological leaders 5. New Innovative Companies spin offs New companies established from ideas developed in company or university laboratories

PAGEBBEF 57 2019 SAAB producerar kompetent personal till arbetslivet motsvarandeSaab enas typisk a Technical högskola University

RekryteradeRecruited ProductsProdukter out ingenjörerEngineers

IngenjörerEngineers som move går till to new SAAB nya arbeten companies with 5-6 ~ 6 års kompetens Industry 500/åryears of experience Students Antagna teknologerin GraduatedUtexaminerade Engineers 5civ.ing years new knowledge ~and 5 års competence kompetens 500/år (motsv. linjer) UniversityHögskola

Lars Sjöström

PAGEBBEF 58 2019 SAAB INNOVATION TRACK RECORD 1937-

• 1st Ejection Seat J21 (prod.1944-47) • 1st A/C modified from propeller to jet engine J21 • 1st Swept Wing Jet in Europe Tunnan (1st flight 1948) • 1st production A/C with afterburner Tunnan • 2 world speed records Tunnan • 1st Saab Supersonic A/C Lansen (1st flight 1952) • 1st Saab System A/C ex Radar Lansen • 1st Double Delta Wing Draken (1st flight 1955) • 1st Canard configuration in production Viggen (1st flight 1967) • 1st A/C w Central Computer Viggen • 1st Tactical Data Link bw A/C Viggen • 1st Digital FCS Viggen • 1st Auto Gun Aiming Viggen • 1st HUD in production Viggen • 1st virtual target training aid Viggen • 1st metal bonded wing panels in Mach 2 A/C Viggen • Unprecedented capability- size ratio Gripen • First Nato fighter of 4th generation Gripen • First fully autonomous flight in Europe Sharc • First fighter to fire Gripen • …. Gripen • …. Gripen

PAGEBBEF 59 2019 Historic Spin Offs

- Level Guaging Saab Marine electronics: Radar technology from Saab Missiles US Emerson Group - Mobile network systems: From Ericsson´s Radar systems Ericsson - Air Bags: Saab Draken A/C, sensors and pyro technologies Autoliv - Safety belts: From to Volvo

Cars Volvo Cars - ……..

PAGEBBEF 60 2019 Saab Ventures Electro magnetic design software Group

Electricity from tidal and ocean currents

Future core? Non core? Metal Matrix Composites

Compression Spin in treatment Venture Technologies Spin out Companies Digitizing sporting events

• Technical expertise • Industrialization Spectrum management • Market access • Strong brand • Customers • VC network 3D rapid mapping

PAGEBBEF 61 2019 Minesto Fluid dynamics and turbine technologies

Power: 500 KW each

PAGEBBEF 62 2019 3D Mapping (High speed target locking and tracking algorithms)

PAGEBBEF 63 2019 3D Mapping (High speed target locking and tracking algorithms)

BBEF 2019 PAGE 64 Swedish and Saab Aeronautics

Thank you for your attention!

PAGEBBEF 65 2019