DOCSLIB.ORG

Joseph Jules Dejerine (1849–1917) E

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Joseph Jules Dejerine (1849–1917) E 823_824_Bassetti_JON_1905 22.06.2006 8:12 Uhr Seite 823 J Neurol (2006) 253:823–824 DOI 10.1007/s00415-006-0905-5 PIONEERS IN NEUROLOGY View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by RERO DOC Digital Library Claudio L. Bassetti Joseph Jules Dejerine (1849–1917) E. Caroline Jagella Dejerine was the third occupant of Neurological Society, of whom 13 the world’s first chair of neurology were pupils of Charcot. He received at ‘La Salpêtrière’, after Jean Martin many honours including the title of Charcot and Fulgence Raymond. He ‘Chevalier’ and later ‘Officier’ of the is well known as a strenuous ‘local- Legion of Honor; in 1914 he re- izationist’ of higher brain functions ceived the Moxon gold medal of the but should be remembered mainly Royal College of Physicians of for his innumerable contributions London, after Hughlings Jackson, to clinical neurology as well as for Richard Gowers and David Ferrier. his monumental anatomical and Dejerine was an imposing figure anatomo-pathological studies. who was remembered by his pupils Dejerine was born in Switzer- as affectionate and loyal. In 1888 he land near Geneva as a son of a Savo- married Auguste Marie Klumpke yard carriage-proprietor of modest (1859–1927), an American-born income. In 1871 he arrived in Paris physician, with whom he shared his to study medicine. In 1875 he was passion and work for anatomical appointed ‘Médecin des hôpitaux’at and pathological studies. The cou- the ‘Hôpital de la Pitié’, where he ple had one daughter, who also be- published his first papers on pe- came a physician. The Dejerine’s ripheral neuropathies, with Edmé were described as very hard work- Félix Alfred Vulpian (1826–1887).In ers, they had a rather simple style of 1879, after having completed a doc- living and were fond of nature and Joseph Jules Dejerine (1849–1917) toral thesis on acute ascending sports. Robert Bing was among paralysis, he became ‘Chef de clin- those who wrote an obituary [1] ique’ at the ‘Hôpital Bicètre’, where while Gauckler published the only in 1886 he was nominated ‘pro- biography to date [2]. fesseur agrégé’. In 1887 he joined As a pupil and soon also co- the Salpêtrière. In the following worker of both Charcot and years he became professor of his- Vulpian, Dejerine combined the tory of medicine and surgery anatomo-clinical approach of the (1900), internal medicine (1907), former with the experimental-clini- and finally neurological diseases cal method of the latter. The influ- Received: 21 February 2005 Accepted: 16 March 2005 (1910). Dejerine died of the conse- ence and the relationship with quences of Bright’s disease in 1917, Vulpian were the strongest and while ‘La Salpêtrière’ had been most enduring in his career. Prof. C. L. Bassetti (౧) · E. C. Jagella transformed into an army hospital Dejerine’s work focused on Neurology Department JON 1905 University Hospital during World War I. anatomical and anatomo-patholog- Zürich-Switzerland Dejerine was in 1899 among the ical studies, which were conducted E-Mail: [email protected] 17 founding members of the French mainly with his wife and which led 823_824_Bassetti_JON_1905 22.06.2006 8:12 Uhr Seite 824 824 to the publication of the ‘Anatomie introduced a new concept of muscu- Dejerine’s investigations fit per- des centres nerveux’(1895–1901 [3], lar atrophy in the absence of neu- fectly in the context of the neurolog- and the ‘Sémiologie des affections ropathy. In his work on the thala- ical research of his time and reflect du système nerveux’ (1914 [4]). Es- mus, Dejerine contradicted Charcot the main problems and issues of this sential for these studies were the by demonstrating the existence of ‘age d’or’ of Neurology. Dejerine ac- discoveries of Golgi’s staining, Gud- sensory deficits from a brain lesion cepted scientific arguments only den’s microtome, Marchi’s serial without peripheral sensory lesions when based on morphologic evi- sections,and the use of the principle or motor deficits. dence. Nevertheless, as exemplified of secondary degeneration for the In the second part of his life, by his contributions on the thalamic localisation of fibre tracts. These Dejerine devoted an increasing syndrome, he was also able to ex- techniques enabled Dejerine to de- amount of energy to the study of tend the localization principle to a scribe radicular myotomes and der- higher brain functions. He was cer- more general (and functional) vi- matomes, the somatotopy and con- tainly influenced by Charcot’s vi- sion of the nervous system. In this, nections of the pyramidal tracts,the sion on aphasia and amnesia. Dejerine proved himself capable of aberrant corticobulbar bundles (ex- Dejerine was convinced there linking the main themes of neuro- plaining for example central facial should be distinct types of aphasic logical research in the 19th and 20th palsy in medullary lesions), the as- disturbances according to well de- centuries. cending sensory tracts,and the con- fined structural lesions, partly com- nections between the thalamus and bined with other deficits of higher the cerebral hemispheres. brain functions [9, 10]. In 1908 References Parallel to his laboratory work, Pierre Marie challenged Broca’s fa- Dejerine made important clinico- mous brain-studies and at the same 1. Bing R (1918) Jules Dejerine pathological correlations: scapulo- time Dejerine’s position as leading (1849–1917). Schweiz Arch Neurol Psy- chiatr 2:314–315 humeral atrophy (with Landouzy aphasiologist of his time by suggest- 2. Gauckler E (1922) Le Professeur Dejer- 1885 [5]), hypertrophic progressive ing the existence of only a single ine, 1849–1917. Paris interstitial neuritis (with Sottas type of aphasia (Wernicke type) 3. Dejerine J, Dejerine-Klumpke A 1893 [6]), olivo-ponto-cerebellar while dismissing motor aphasia as (1895–1901) Anatomie des centres nerveux. Paris: Rueff and Cie atrophy (with André-Thomas 1902 mere anarthric phenomenon. This 4. Dejerine J (1914) Sémiologie des affec- and 1912 [7]), peripheral and cen- debate lacked a clear winner but was tions du système nerveux. Paris: Mas- tral ataxia (with Egger 1903), the fundamental because it questioned son thalamic syndrome (with Roussy the relevance of anatomical findings 5. Landouzy L, Dejerine J (1885) De la myopathie atrophique progressive. 1906 [8]), sensory parietal syn- in understanding higher brain func- Myopathie sans neuropathie, débutant dromes (pseudoradicular with tions. d’ordinaire dans l’enfance, par la face. Chiray 1904; cortical with Crouzon In the last decade of his life De- Rev Méd (Paris) 5:81–117, 253–366 1914; pseudothalamic with Mouzon jerine developed an interest in psy- 6. Dejerine J, Sottas J (1893) Sur la 1915), and medial medullary syn- chiatry and psychotherapy, partly névrite interstitielle hypertrophique et progressive de l’enfance. Comptes Ren- drome (1914). Dejerine also de- stimulated by his friendship with dus de la Société de Biologie 45:63–96 scribed intermittent vascular clau- his later biographer Gauckler and 7. Dejerine J, Thomas A (1902) Traité des dication of the spinal cord (1906), with Paul Dubois (1848–1918), one maladies de la moelle épinière. Paris: the phenomenon that aphasics can of the founders of the Swiss Neuro- Baillière, J. B. 8. Dejerine J, Roussy G (1906) Le syn- by a show of fingers identify the logical Society. He claimed that the drome thalamique. Rev Neurol (Paris) number of syllables in a word (De- success of psychiatric treatment de- 12:521–532 jerine-Lichtheim phenomenon),the pends mainly on the personality of 9. Dejerine J (1906) L’aphasie sensorielle: first callosal disconnection syn- the therapist, thus stressing the sa localisation et sa physiologie pathologique. Presse Médicale 55: drome (alexia without agraphia, emotional rather than the rational 437–439 1892), and tactile agnosia. element. This empirical position 10. Dejerine J (1906) L’aphasie motrice: Some of these studies were reflected his own empathic behav- sa localisation et sa physiologie revolutionary. The description of iour towards both his patients and pathologique. Presse Médicale 57: scapulo-humeral muscular atrophy pupils. 453–457.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Reconnecting with Joseph and Augusta Dejerine: 100 Years On
    doi:10.1093/brain/awx225 BRAIN 2017: 140; 2752–2759 | 2752 DORSAL COLUMN Grey Matter Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/brain/article-abstract/140/10/2752/4159454 by Lancaster University user on 30 January 2020 Reconnecting with Joseph and Augusta Dejerine: 100 years on Claude J. Bajada, Briony Banks, Matthew A. Lambon Ralph and Lauren L. Cloutman Neuroscience and Aphasia Research Unit (NARU), Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, UK Correspondence to: Dr Lauren Cloutman Neuroscience and Aphasia Research Unit (NARU) Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology School of Biological Sciences (Zochonis Building) University of Manchester Brunswick Street Manchester, M13 9PL, UK E-mail: [email protected] Correspondence may also be addressed to: Prof. Matthew Lambon Ralph E-mail: [email protected] Introduction The Dejerines: a short history Joseph Dejerine passed away on 28 February 1917 in the Born in Geneva, Joseph Jules Dejerine moved to Paris in midst of a world at war. One hundred years later we 1871 in order to start his medical career. He was a founding celebrate the legacy of this pioneer in neuroscience. In member of the French Neurological Society and proceeded to 1895, Joseph Jules Dejerine published the first volume of become the chair of neurology at ‘La Salpeˆtrie`re’, a position the seminal work, Anatomie des centres nerveux; volume previously held by Jean Martin Charcot. In his 67 years, 2 was published in 1901. In a major section of this tome Dejerine made great contributions to the medical and scien- (vol.
    [Show full text]
  • © 2017 the American Academy of Neurology Institute. THE
    THE ANIMATED MIND OF GABRIELLE LÉVY Peter J Koehler, MD, PhD, FAAN Zuyderland Medical Cente Heerlen, The Netherlands "Sa vie fut un exemple de labeur, de courage, d'énergie, de ténacité, tendus vers ce seul but, cette seule raison: le travail et le devoir à accomplir"1 [Her life was an example of labor, of courage, of energy, of perseverance, directed at that single target, that single reason: the work and the duty to fulfil] These are words, used by Gustave Roussy, days after the early death at age 48, in 1934, of his colleague Gabrielle Lévy. Eighteen years previously they had written their joint paper on seven cases of a particular familial disease that became known as Roussy-Lévy disease.2 In the same in memoriam he added "And I have to say that in our collaboration, in which my name was often mentioned with hers, it was almost always her first idea and the largest part was done by her". Who was this Gabrielle Lévy and what did she achieve during her short life? Gabrielle Lévy Gabrielle Charlotte Lévy was born on January 11th, 1886 in Paris.*,1,3 Her father was Emile Gustave Lévy (1844- 1912; from Colmar in the Alsace region, working in the textile branch), who had married Mina Marie Lang (1851- 1903; from Durmenach, also in the Alsace) in 1869. They had five children (including four boys), the youngest of whom was Gabrielle. At first she was interested in the arts, music in particular. Although not loosing that interest, she chose to study medicine and became a pupil of the well-known Paris neurologist Pierre Marie and his pupils (Meige, Foix, Souques, Crouzon, Laurent, Roussy and others), who had been professor of anatomic-pathology since 1907 and succeeded Dejerine at the chair of neurology ('maladies du système nerveux'; that had been created for Jean-Martin Charcot in 1882).
    [Show full text]
  • White Matter in Aphasia: a Historical Review of the Dejerines' Studies
    Brain & Language xxx (2013) xxx–xxx Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Brain & Language journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/b&l Short Communication White matter in aphasia: A historical review of the Dejerines’ studies q ⇑ ⇑ Heinz Krestel a,b, , Jean-Marie Annoni c, Caroline Jagella d, a Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland b Department of Neuropediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland c Department of Neurology, Hôpital de Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland d Department of Neurology, Kantonspital Baden, Baden, Switzerland article info abstract Article history: The Objective was to describe the contributions of Joseph Jules Dejerine and his wife Augusta Dejerine- Accepted 29 May 2013 Klumpke to our understanding of cerebral association fiber tracts and language processing. Available online xxxx The Dejerines (and not Constantin von Monakow) were the first to describe the superior longitudinal fasciculus/arcuate fasciculus (SLF/AF) as an association fiber tract uniting Broca’s area, Wernicke’s area, Keywords: and a visual image center in the angular gyrus of a left hemispheric language zone. They were also the Language first to attribute language-related functions to the fasciculi occipito-frontalis (FOF) and the inferior lon- Stroke gitudinal fasciculus (ILF) after describing aphasia patients with degeneration of the SLF/AF, ILF, uncinate White matter disease fasciculus (UF), and FOF. These fasciculi belong to a functional network known as the Dejerines’ language 19th Cent history of medicine Dorsal stream zone, which exceeds the borders of the classically defined cortical language centers. Ventral stream The Dejerines provided the first descriptions of the anatomical pillars of present-day language models Superior longitudinal fasciculus/arcuate (such as the SLF/AF).
    [Show full text]
  • Dejerines': an Historical Review and Homage to Two Pioneers in the Field
    Spinal Cord (1998) 36, 78 ± 86 1998 International Medical Society of Paraplegia All rights reserved 1362 ± 4393/98 $12.00 The `Dejerines': an historical review and homage to two pioneers in the ®eld of neurology and their contribution to the understanding of spinal cord pathology B Schurch1 and P Dollfus2 1Swiss Paraplegic Centre, University Hospital Balgrist, Zurich, Forchstrasse 340, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland; 272 rue des CarrieÁres, 68100 Mulhouse, France Our purpose, in this number of Spinal Cord devoted to the French speaking Society of Paraplegia (AFIGAP), is to render homage to two very distinguished doctors, who by their work at the end of the XIXth and the beginning of our century contributed greatly to our knowledge of the nervous system and in particular the spinal cord (SC). This was at the time a ®eld of considerable interest in France and abroad. Professor Jules Dejerine was from 1911 ± 1917 the holder of the Chair for Nervous System Diseases created for Charcot. Dejerine and his American born wife, Augusta Klumpke, and had very limited means for investigation compared to actual technological advances. They relied mainly on their superb clinical observations and neuropathological examinations. Dejerine was also a pioneer in the growing ®eld of neuroanatomy. In 1895 he published a treatise on the anatomy of the nervous system, which is still considered worlwide to be a masterpiece. Augusta Dejerine-Klumpke, the ®rst woman Intern in Paris Hospitals, was not only a ®ne clinician, neuroanatomist and pathologist, but also contributed greatly to her husband's work. Amongst other things she is known for the `Klumpke palsy'.
    [Show full text]
  • History of the Swiss Neurological Society in the Context of the National and International Development of Neurology N C
    History of medicine History of the Swiss Neurological Society in the context of the national and international development of neurology n C. L. Bassetti, P. O. Valko Neurological Clinic and Policlinic, Zurich Neurosciences and neurology in Switzerland Neurophysiological and experimental work had before 1908 already been done by the all-round genius Albrecht von Haller (Berne, 1708–1777) in Berne, Daniel Long before the founding of the Swiss Neurolo gical Bernoulli (Groningen, 1700–1782) in Basel and Society (SNS) in 1908, Switzerland had made Charles-GasparddelaRive (1770–1834)inGeneva. important contributions to the clinical and experi- Von Haller is regarded as the pioneer of bioelec- mental neurosciences [1, 2]. tricity theory and introduced the terms stimulus, Worthy of mention are the neuroanatomical irritability, sensibility and contractility. Essential studies of Johann Heinrich Glaser (1629–1675), contributions were forthcoming in the 19th cen tury Johann Jakob Huber (1733–1798), Wilhelm His from the psychiatrist Eduard Hitzig (Berlin, 1838– (Basel, 1831–1904, the first to describe nerve 1907, who in 1870 with Gustav Theodor Fritsch cell and nerve fibre as an independent unit) [1838–1927] offered the first ever proof in the dog and Emil Villiger (1870–1931) in Basel; Gabriel of the excitability of the cerebral cortex and in the Gustav Valen tin (Breslau, 1810–1883, a student of process discovered the motor cortex) in Zurich, Purkinje’s and first Jewish professor at a German- from Jean-Louis Prévost II (1838–1927) and Moritz language
    [Show full text]
  • Neurology E Broussolle, J Poirier, F Clarac, J-G Barbara
    Figures and institutions of the neurological sciences in Paris from 1800 to 1950. Part III: Neurology E Broussolle, J Poirier, F Clarac, J-G Barbara To cite this version: E Broussolle, J Poirier, F Clarac, J-G Barbara. Figures and institutions of the neurological sciences in Paris from 1800 to 1950. Part III: Neurology. Revue Neurologique, Elsevier Masson, 2012, 168, pp.301 - 320. 10.1016/j.neurol.2011.10.006. halshs-03090658 HAL Id: halshs-03090658 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-03090658 Submitted on 11 Jan 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Figures and Institutions of the neurological sciences in Paris from 1800 to 1950: Part III: Neurology Les figures et institutions des sciences neurologiques à Paris de 1800 à 1950. Partie III: Neurologie Emmanuel Broussolle1 , Jacques Poirier2 , François Clarac3, Jean-Gaël Barbara4 1 : Université Claude Bernard Lyon I ; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Service de Neurologie C ; CNRS UMR 5229, Centre de Neurosciences Cognitives ; Lyon, France 2 : Professeur Honoraire, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière ; Paris, France 3 : CNRS, UMR 6196, Laboratoire Plasticité et Phyisiopathologie de la motricité, Université Aix-Marseille II, Marseille, France 4 : CNRS, UMRS 7102, Laboratoire de neurobiologie des processus adaptatifs ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie ; CNRS UMR 7219, Laboratoire SPHERE, Université Denis Diderot ; Paris, France Correspondance : Pr.
    [Show full text]
  • History of the Swiss Neurological Society in the Context of the National and International Development of Neurology
    Bassetti, C L; Valko, F (2009). History of the Swiss Neurological Society in the context of the national and international development of neurology. Schweizer Archiv für Neurologie und Psychiatrie, 160(2):52-65. Postprint available at: http://www.zora.uzh.ch University of Zurich Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich. Zurich Open Repository and Archive http://www.zora.uzh.ch Originally published at: Schweizer Archiv für Neurologie und Psychiatrie 2009, 160(2):52-65. Winterthurerstr. 190 CH-8057 Zurich http://www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2009 History of the Swiss Neurological Society in the context of the national and international development of neurology Bassetti, C L; Valko, F Bassetti, C L; Valko, F (2009). History of the Swiss Neurological Society in the context of the national and international development of neurology. Schweizer Archiv für Neurologie und Psychiatrie, 160(2):52-65. Postprint available at: http://www.zora.uzh.ch Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich. http://www.zora.uzh.ch Originally published at: Schweizer Archiv für Neurologie und Psychiatrie 2009, 160(2):52-65. History of medicine History of the Swiss Neurological Society in the context of the national and international development of neurology n C. L. Bassetti, P. O. Valko Neurological Clinic and Policlinic, Zurich Neurosciences and neurology in Switzerland Neurophysiological and experimental work had before 1908 already been done by the all-round genius Albrecht von Haller (Berne, 1708–1777) in Berne, Daniel Long before the founding of the Swiss Neurolo gical Bernoulli (Groningen, 1700–1782) in Basel and Society (SNS) in 1908, Switzerland had made Charles-GasparddelaRive (1770–1834)inGeneva.
    [Show full text]
  • John S. Mckenzie
    Jules-Bernard Luys and his brain atlas John S. McKenzie In 1976 I was on sabbatical leave, médecin des hôpitaux in 1862, and was anatomy of the cerebellum. Wishing working with colleagues of the attached to the Salpêtrière, where the to cover the central nervous system in Institut Marey directed by Professor great neurologist Charcot practised, its entirety, he published the major Alfred Fessard of the Collège de and then to the Charité hospital, rue work of his scientific life, Recherches France, in the Laboratoire de des Saints-Pères, until his retirement sur le système nerveux cérébro-spinal: sa Physiologie des Centres Nerveux in 1893. In 1864 he took an structure, ses fonctions et ses maladies. headed by Professor Denise Albe- additional appointment as Director of This 660-page tome was Fessard of the Université Pierre et the Ivry-sur-Seine mental hospital. accompanied under the same title by Marie Curie. One day I bought a When an intern, Luys had a separate volume: Atlas de 40 planches second-hand book from a tray outside undertaken assiduous research in (drawn from nature by J. Luys, a medical bookseller’s near the Odéon microscopy applied to clinical lithographed by Léveillé), with 80 Metro station. It was an atlas of the medicine. His first reports to the pages of copious explanatory text. For human brain in 40 lithographic Société de Biologie, in 1855, this major treatise, Luys received plates, by Jules-Bernard Luys, who concerned ossification of the dura prizes, of 500 francs from the was known as the discoverer of the mater of the brain in a 68-year-old Académie de Médecine, and 2,500 subthalamic nucleus within the basal woman, and multiple brain tumours.
    [Show full text]
  • A Swiss Pioneer in the Surgery of the Spinal Cord, Brain and Herniated Lumbar Disc
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Bern Open Repository and Information System (BORIS) Acta Neurochir (2014) 156:2183–2190 DOI 10.1007/s00701-014-2192-8 CLINICAL ARTICLE - HISTORY OF NEUROSURGERY Hans Brun: a Swiss pioneer in the surgery of the spinal cord, brain and herniated lumbar disc Gerhard Hildebrandt & Martin N. Stienen & Werner Surbeck & Ulrich Tröhler Received: 19 June 2014 /Accepted: 24 June 2014 /Published online: 30 July 2014 # Springer-Verlag Wien 2014 Abstract Conclusion Brun should be remembered as an early and Introduction Toward the end of the nineteenth century, it was successful surgeon in this specialized field. His operative Gowers, Horsley and Macewen who first reported successful work is described in detail in this article. At the same time, surgical procedures for the treatment of subdural extramedullary his achievements in the fields of brain and disc herniation tumors. Following this, Church and Eisendrath as well as surgery are presented. Putnam and Warren reported unsuccessful attempts to treat subpial spinal pathologies in their patients. Only at the Keywords Hans Brun . Neurosurgery . Medical history . beginning of the twentieth century did reports of successful Spinesurgery .Medullarysurgery .OttoVeraguth .Spinalcord interventions of this type accumulate. In the analysis of surgery these case reports, the authors noticed a certain lack of accuracy about the anatomical allocations and descriptions of intra- and extramedullary spinal lesions. From this, the Introduction question of who actually carried out the pioneering works in the early twentieth century in the field of surgery of intramedullary Victor Horsley (1857–1916), William Richard Gowers (1845– pathologies arose.
    [Show full text]
  • Revision Review Joined in Neuroscience: Romantic And
    Reviseiw on NeNureousrcoisecniecnesc easn adn Hd iHstoisrtyo r2y0 21061; 45(; 23)(:3 7)2: 9-797- Joined in neuroscience: romantic and professional partnerships A. García-Molina 1,2,3 , A. Enseñat-Cantallops 1,2,3 1Institut Guttmann. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain. 2Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain. 3Fundació Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain. ABSTRACT In 2014, married neuroscientists May-Britt Moser and Edvard Moser, along with John O'Keefe, were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain. Modern and contemporary history offers several examples of couples who worked on joint projects in the field of neuroscience. However, in many cases, and depending on the times they lived in, women were relegated to a supporting role whereas scientific and social recognition was accorded to their male partners. This study presents the lives of Anna Morandi Manzolini (1716-1774), Augusta Déjerine-Klumpke (1859-1927), Cécile Vogt-Mugnier (1875-1962), and Berta Vogel Scharrer (1906-1995), four women who pursued their dre - ams despite a host of social, political, and academic obstacles, and whose contributions were at least equal to those of their spouses. We will also mention Pearl Sowden Papez (1906-1995), whose research in partnership with her husband James Wenceslas Papez is less well-known. KEYWORDS Neuroscience, Anna Morandi Manzolini, Augusta Déjerine-Klumpke, Cécile Vogt-Mugnier, Pearl Sowden Papez, Berta Vogel Scharrer Introduction We have observed with great admiration (and more than a little envy) those happy couples in select laboratories that are eagerly dedicated to the On 7 December 2014, May-Britt Moser and Edvard same work, each of them pouring into it the very finest of their mental abilities and technical Moser, along with John O’Keefe, were awarded the skills....The images of three admirable couples coveted Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their come to mind.
    [Show full text]
  • History of Behavioral Neurology
    History of Behavioral Neurology Sergio Daniel Barberisa and Cory Wrightb, a Department of Philosophy, Faculty of Philosophy and Literature, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; and b Department of Philosophy, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, United States © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Behavioral Neurology as a Branch of Medicine 1 Ancient 1 Classical 2 Medieval 3 Renaissance to Enlightenment 4 Modern 5 Contemporary 9 Back to the Future 12 References 12 Behavioral Neurology as a Branch of Medicine Behavioral neurology is primarily concerned with the neurological causes of degraded behavior following disruption of higher brain function. In the early 1970s, it re-emerged as a subspecialty of neurology focused on diagnosing and treating patients with damages, diseases, and disorders of the nervous system and related tissues that alter normal behavior. While some practitioners have studied congenital diseases and geriatric dementias, behavioral neurology came to overlap extensively with the fields of neuropsychiatry and neuropsychology, differing primarily in the degree of medical diagnosis and treatment of patients. The major advances in neuro- psychology and neuropsychiatry are thus part of the history of behavioral neurology. Contemporary behavioral neurology has developed foci in common with the neurosciences, but both have evolved noteworthy differences in remit, scope, and clinical emphasis. As a branch of medicine, the former normally requires expertise in the manage- ment of the molecular and neurochemical basis of behavioral disorder, the ability to relate functional and structural conditions to clinical data using imaging techniques and electrophysiological methods, the implementation and interpretation of neuropsycho- logical and neuropsychiatric assessments, and comprehensive clinical diagnosis and therapeutic treatment.
    [Show full text]
  • Language and Brain: Historical Introduction to Models of Language and Aphasia
    Review article Language and brain: historical introduction to models of language and aphasia Heinz Krestel Department of Paediatric Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and University of Bern, Switzerland Funding / potential competing interests: No financial support and no other potential conflict of interest relevant to this article were reported. Summary that the tissue softening spread evenly in all directions. From Broca’s original description, it can be deduced that the A paradigm shift occurred when Paul Broca (1824–1880) assigned the site of third-frontal convolution as the origin of the language defi- language to cerebral convolutions of the left hemisphere against the then cit was his extrapolation because a) the third-frontal con- prevailing dogma by Franz Joseph Gall (1758–1828) that language and other volution presented the largest tissue loss, and b) the missing cognitive functions reside in brain regions/organs that develop and form the posterior half of this gyrus was in the centre of the entire skull accordingly. Further models (localisationistic or associationistic) by e.g., t issue loss (p. 353). He also noticed the cavity’s extension to Carl Wernicke (1848–1905), Ludwig Lichtheim (1845–1928) focused on the corpus striatum and its communication with the lateral l anguage processing as being locally specialised. In 1906, a denial of the role ventricle, i.e., to subcortical regions including the oval of the third-frontal convolution in language by Pierre Marie (1853–1940) c entre and the basal ganglia. Of note is that the theory of challenged Joseph Jules Dejerine (1849–1917) who was then one of the motor or Broca’s aphasia was for a long time associated with leading aphasiologists.
    [Show full text]