,irfnirf i \ fp,. A^/6-CiA/w K/ A t 6 & U^ceS E n v ir o n m e n t Ag e n c y NATIONAL LIBRARY & ateltegjioi INFORMATION SERVICE f jr c e s ? ANGLIAN REGION ffitypdv Kingfisher House, Goldhay Way. Orton Goldhay. iti^Trranm Peterborough PE2 5ZR envi Water resources for the future A SUMMARY OF THE STRATEGY FOR ANGLIAN REGION March 2001 & E n v ir o n m e n t A g e n c y Water resources for the future Water is vital for life and Chelmer. The region is low-lying and intensively farmed, with a landscape ranging from gentle chalk and All living things need water to survive. limestone ridges to the extensive lowlands of the Fens and the East Anglian coastal estuaries and marshes. The total People rely on water not only for drinking land area of the region is 27 000 km2. Our valuable natural and for personal hygiene but also for many environment and high population growth rate mean that other purposes: the careful management of water resources is essential. • around our homes, for cooking, washing and cleaning; • in our gardens, to water plants; f Figure 1 ^ Anglian Region • on farms, to water crops and clean equipment, and for animals to drink; • in offices, schools, universities and hospitals, for cooking and cleaning; ■ Lincoln • in commerce and industry, to help with manufacturing. All the water we use is taken from streams, rivers or water­ bearing rocks below the ground (aquifers). Water in the Norwich environment - in streams, rivers and wetlands - serves many other purposes that we must take into account. It Peterborough allows plants to grow and keeps fish, insects and mammals healthy. It also gives people pleasure in many ways. We like ■ North the appearance of rivers and streams in the landscape, and ■ Cambridge |pswich many of us enjoy fishing, boating, canoeing or just walking by rivers. Our use of water needs to safeguard these benefits. A water resources strategy for Anglian Region The Government has given the Environment Agency the task of planning our use of water. As part of this process, County boundaries ■ Main towns we have developed a new water resources strategy for our Lincolnshire □ Agency regional boundary Anglian Region. At the same time we are publishing seven Norfolk Unitary Authority boundaries other strategies for the rest of England and Wales, as well Cambridgeshire City of Peterborough as a national strategy providing an overview. This leaflet | Bedfordshire East Riding of Yorkshire I Suffolk Milton Keynes summarises the strategy for Anglian Region. B North East Lincolnshire | Essex I] Buckinghamshire North Lincolnshire The region extends from the Humber estuary to the ■ Northamptonshire SRutland Thames, as shown in Figure 1. It comprises all catchments Hertfordshire Southend-on-Sea Leicestershire Z! Thurrock draining from the main chalk outcrop of East Anglia and Nottinghamshire eastwards from the Lincolnshire limestone. Major Oxfordshire Greater London catchments include the Rivers Ancholme, Witham, Welland, I Nene, Great Ouse, Wensum, Waveney, Stour, Blackwater any associated problems may involve changes to both surface and groundwater licences in the longer term. Groundwater resource Future demand for water The amount of water we need is known as demand. The demand for water will change over the next 25 years, under the differing influences of a variety of factors. In the home, we each choose how much water we use. We need water for washing, bathing and cooking, to water our gardens, and to wash our cars. Today, on average we each use about 150 litres every day - enough to fill about 15 buckets. Future household water use depends on the choices that we make as individuals and collectively as a society. For example, showering usually uses less water than a bath, but using a power shower for five minutes can use more water than taking a bath. Depending on attitudes, individual household water use could increase or decrease over the next 25 years. In some places, more homes are planned. While individually any new homes built could be more water-efficient, they will add to the This map shows strategic resource availability based on simple water balance total demand for water. calculations for groundwater units. Even if a unit has resources available, each abstraction proposal would be subject to an assessment of local Similar arguments about the effect on demand of differing impacts and there are some units where current policy is that no new water use practices apply to industry, commerce and significant licence application are accepted. agriculture. Their needs for water are also affected by market considerations such as the price commanded by danger of being damaged here, and we must stop taking different product or crop types. so much water if we want to restore the environment in such places. There are also areas where we think that there To consider many of these different effects, we have taken is no damage now, but that no more water should be a scenario approach to predict future demands. The taken. In the rest of Anglian Region, water may be Government's Foresight framework looks at the different available. Almost anyone who wants to abstract water ways that our political and social values could change over needs a licence from the Environment Agency. Before we time; we have used it to consider a range of possible social give a licence, we must be sure that it will not cause and economic changes, and calculated the resulting future damage, and detailed studies are often necessary. demands. The maps in Figure 2 illustrate the availability of water Current and likely future demands in Anglian Region are across Anglian Region. They show that surface water dominated by public water supply. The rate of growth throughout our region is already fully committed to predicted by government planners for our region is among existing abstractions and the environment during the the fastest in England and Wales, and could lead to summer, and that no significant additional quantities of 600,000 additional households and an 800,000 increase in water are available then. There may however be a few population by 2025. localised stretches of river where limited amounts of Figure 3 illustrates our demand forecasts for Anglian summer surface water are available. Winter surface water is Region to 2025. The forecasts show that total demand for still available over most of our region, apart from some water could fall or rise over the next 25 years, depending small chalk catchments and coastal streams. Large parts of to a great extent on the choices we make. the region's groundwater resources are broadly in balance, although there are limited areas where some additional It is unlikely that the future will follow any one of the groundwater is available. Any new abstractions will be scenarios we have used. By showing what could occur subject to rigorous local assessment. under each, we have identified boundary limits to guide our resource planning. Clearly, in the relatively dry climate In most of the fully committed catchments, existing of Anglian Region, it would be particularly challenging to abstractions do not cause widespread environmental meet the higher forecasts whilst continuing to safeguard problems. However, in the areas coloured red, the environmental interest adequately. combination of licensed surface and groundwater abstractions exceeds the assessed limit. Action to resolve f Figure 3 Total demand by scenario in 2010 and 2025 Our strategy shows that: • water is a scarce resource in Anglian Region. In many places, further improvements to the water environment are necessary. We believe that this may amount to recovery of current licensed abstractions amounting to some 210 Ml/d. We estimate that some 40 Ml/d of this will be required by 2010 and the remainder as a precautionary estimate by 2025. • continued availability of reliable public water supply is essential. We recommend the enhancement of public water supply by up to 300 Ml/d above present levels. To achieve this we will improve existing schemes and develop new resources; • efficient use of water is also vital, and we recommend Alpha Beta Gamma Delta that water efficiency should be promoted actively, and ■ 2010 ■ 2025 — 1997/98 that over the next 25 years we should expect household water metering to become widespread, whilst continuing to protect vulnerable groups. Further attention to leakage control will also be necessary. Climate change Together these measures will meet demands and allow for environmental improvements; Climate change is of great significance to water resources. Changes to rainfall patterns and amounts could affect how • recommended resource developments include: the much water is available for people and for the raising of Abberton reservoir supported by Ely Ouse environment. Climate change could also influence transfers, greater use of Rutland Water, enhancements people's demand for water. For example, if it becomes to the Agency's Trent-Witham-Ancholme transfer hotter, we may wish to water our gardens more. scheme, some further local use of groundwater and effluent reuse. Detailed assessment of the impacts will Present analysis suggests that over the next 25 years, be needed, to ensure the environment is protected. summers could become drier and winters wetter, with Alternative schemes could become necessary. more rain in total. Temperatures are likely to increase. Since many questions remain about the effects of climate • agriculture and industry must use available water to change, it makes sense to use our existing water resources best effect. In most agricultural areas, little further carefully, and to look for flexible solutions to future summer water is available. Farmers should consider demands that can cope with different climatic conditions. water needs in their choice of crops and we This is an area that we will keep under review.