Appendix

C

• TOWN PLANNING • LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE • ENVIRONMENTAL (07) 5443 5566 • LIQUOR LICENSING [email protected]

Ecological Constraints & Opportunities

76 & 76A Ballinger Road Prepared for: Buderim, QLD 4556 MGR Pty Ltd Lot 1 & Lot 2 RP40153

DFS Ref: 14125 February 2015 Table of Contents

1.0 INTRODUCTION...... 2 2.0 METHODOLOGY ...... 3 3.0 FINDINGS ...... 5 3.1 Vegetation communities...... 5 3.2 Watercourses...... 5 3.3 EVNT Flora species ...... 6 3.4 EVNT Fauna species ...... 6 3.5 Bushfire Hazard...... 7 4.0 SUMMARY & CONCLUSIONS ...... 8

Initial Ecological Constraints & Opportunities Assessment February 2015 Page 1 76 & 76A Ballinger Road, Buderim MGR Australia Pty Ltd 1.0 INTRODUCTION

The attached Ecological Constraints & Opportunities Plan (Figure 1) is the result of initial site investigations over land at 76 and 76A Ballinger Road, Buderim and is therefore preliminary in nature. The site is formally described as Lots 1 & 2 on RP40153.

The aim of the assessment was to determine which portions of the site comprised significant ecological values and which areas may potentially be suitable for residential development (subject to further detailed assessment). A desktop analysis over adjoining land parcels was also completed in attempt to develop an overall ecological ‘structure plan’ for the locality (also subject to further detailed assessment).

Initial Ecological Constraints & Opportunities Assessment February 2015 Page 2 76 & 76A Ballinger Road, Buderim MGR Australia Pty Ltd

2.0 METHODOLOGY

A total of 10hrs was spent surveying the site with a particular focus on:

1. Searches for EVNT species within suitable habitat, particularly Graptophyllum reticulatum, Macadamia integrifolia, M. ternifolia, Pararistolochia praevenosa and Zieria exsul, which were considered a potential occurrence on the site; 2. A habitat assessment for EVNT species considered a potential occurrence on the site including green-thighed frog, tusked frog, grey goshawk, glossy black-cockatoo, powerful owl, sooty owl, Richmond birdwing butterfly, koala and elf skink; a. Glossy black-cockatoo - searches were conducted for evidence of recent feeding sign (i.e. chewed cones) where stands of Allocasuarina littoralis were encountered; b. Powerful owl and sooty owl - all significant habitat trees containing potentially suitable roosting/nesting hollows were identified on the site. Searches for owl pellets were completed under trees containing suitable hollows; c. Richmond birdwing butterfly - searches for the host plant (i.e. Pararistolochia praevenosa) were completed within suitable habitat in association with threatened plant searches; d. Koala - searches for koalas and signs of recent activity (i.e. scats) were completed targeting primary and secondary koala food tree species encountered whilst traversing the site. Tallowwood (Eucalyptus microcorys) and small-fruited grey gum (E. propinqua) with scratches were particularly targeted. In total, 104 trees were searched for signs of recent koala activity as follows:

Common name No. Primary food trees Tallowwood Eucalyptus microcorys 41 Small-fruited grey gum E. propinqua 28 Secondary food trees Flooded gum E. saligna 20 Brush box Lophostemon confertus 5 Pink bloodwood Corymbia intermedia 5 Queensland white stringybark E. tindaliae 5 TOTAL 104

e. Elf skink - active searches were completed when suitable habitat was encountered (i.e. hand raking in deep litter, rolling logs, lifting rocks etc.).

An initial Bushfire Hazard Assessment was also completed on site and included an assessment of vegetation type, aspect and slope to determine hazard levels and allow an initial assessment of required bushfire setbacks.

Initial Ecological Constraints & Opportunities Assessment February 2015 Page 4 76 & 76A Ballinger Road, Buderim MGR Australia Pty Ltd 3.0 FINDINGS 3.1 Vegetation communities

The majority of vegetation over the site is mapped by DNRM as Regional Ecosystem 12.9- 10.17 (Least Concern). This vegetation is included within Map Unit M2: Buderim Rainforest Remnants of the SCRC Code for Nature Conservation and Biodiversity. Vegetation significance is derived from rainforest species located within a developed setting, and the presence of a number of endangered, vulnerable and rare species.

The inspection revealed that a large portion of the subject site has historically been cleared and/or subject to logging - trees are estimated to be in the 40-50yr age class. However, a 50-90m wide strip of vegetation along the western boundary of Lot 1 contained a high proportion of mature trees including numerous old growth trees (estimated to be 100+ yrs) and significant habitat trees. These trees included hollows potentially suitable as roosting/denning/nesting habitat for owls, possums and gliders. Furthermore, the vegetation in this portion of the site was relatively intact (both canopy and midstorey) and diverse, and had a lower overall weed cover, compared to other areas of the site. This patch of mature sclerophyll forest has been given a high ecological constraint designation and should be excluded from any future development of the site.

Significant habitat trees identified elsewhere on the site outside of intact vegetation communities should also be retained where possible.

3.2 Watercourses

The riparian vegetation community associated with the 3rd order watercourse which traverses the north-eastern corner of the site is another area with a high plant diversity and relatively intact canopy and midstorey structure. A 25m buffer has been applied to this watercourse in accordance with Acceptable Measure A1.2 of the Code for Waterways and Wetlands of the Maroochy Plan and Module 8: Native vegetation clearing of the State Development Assessment Provisions (SDAP), and has been designated a high ecological constraint. (Note: the 25m buffer is to be from the high bank of the watercourse – to be determined on site. The watercourse buffers shown on the Constraints & Opportunities Plan are indicative only).

The 1st order watercourse that originates near the western boundary of the site and traverses Lot 2 in a generally north-west to south-east direction was found to be in an overall moderate condition. In the lower reaches the riparian vegetation associated with this watercourse is relatively narrow, contains a high proportion of weed species (particularly along its southern bank) and the watercourse itself shows significant signs of erosion. A 10m buffer has been applied to this watercourse in accordance with Acceptable Measure A1.2 of the Code for Waterways and Wetlands of the Maroochy Plan and Module 8 of SDAP, and has been designated a high ecological constraint. This

Initial Ecological Constraints & Opportunities Assessment February 2015 Page 5 76 & 76A Ballinger Road, Buderim MGR Australia Pty Ltd buffer has been significantly expanded in the higher reaches of this watercourse however to encompass adjacent mature wet sclerophyll forest.

3.3 EVNT Flora species

In total 155 plant species were recorded from the subject site (Appendix A). No EVNT flora species were recorded from the site despite considerable search effort within suitable habitat. It should be noted however that the Richmond birdwing vine in particular is considered to be provided with suitable habitat within the riparian areas of the site. Suitable habitat for this species will be retained within waterway buffers identified on the site.

3.4 EVNT Fauna species

In total 69 fauna species were recorded from the subject site including 3 amphibians, 7 reptiles, 54 birds and 5 mammals (Appendix B).

The presence of 1 EVNT fauna species was confirmed from the site – the koala. Despite extensive searches for recent activity throughout the site however (refer Section 2), and the presence of primary koala food trees generally throughout the entire site (at varying densities), only a small number of scats were recorded under two trees in the north- western portion of the site. Although scratches on small-fruited grey gums potentially attributable to this species were observed elsewhere on the site, no signs of recent activity (i.e. scats) were found. These results suggest that either a very low-density population of koalas inhabits the site and surrounds, or that the subject site potentially forms part of a dispersal corridor for local koala populations.

The mapped high constraint areas of the site contain a relatively high proportion of primary koala food trees however koala food trees generally occur throughout the entire site. It should be noted that the Maroochy Plan (2000) states that:

Any development in a koala habitat area is to be assessed against the koala conservation criteria contained in the Nature Conservation (Koala) Conservation Plan 2005 and the Management Program 2005-2015.

It is noted however this Koala Plan has been superseded by the South East Queensland Koala Conservation State Planning Regulatory Provisions (SPRP) in identified assessable development areas. The subject site is not mapped within a Koala Assessable Development Area under the SPRP. Regardless, only low levels of koala activity were observed on the site. Any future development would retain the highest quality koala habitat on the site within the identified high constraint areas, and should also aim to retain primary koala food trees elsewhere where possible.

As discussed above, old growth trees and significant habitat trees in the western portion of Lot 1 contained hollows potentially suitable as roosting/nesting habitat for owls, and this includes the powerful owl and sooty owl. This patch of mature sclerophyll forest has been

Initial Ecological Constraints & Opportunities Assessment February 2015 Page 6 76 & 76A Ballinger Road, Buderim MGR Australia Pty Ltd designated a high ecological constraint and should be excluded from any future development of the site.

Active searches for glossy black-cockatoo feeding sign failed to record this species however it was noted that very few Allocasuarina littoralis on the site bore cones at the time of the survey. Regardless, a large portion of mature specimens would be retained within the mapped high constraint areas of the site.

Active searches for the elf skink failed to record this species on the site. The most suitable habitat was observed within riparian communities on the site and within the mature sclerophyll forest in the western portion of Lot 1. Suitable habitat for this species would be retained within these high constraint areas.

Similarly, suitable habitat for any of the EVNT frog species, should they occur on site, would be generally retained within the high constraint areas mapped over the site.

Whilst a comprehensive list of invertebrate species was not recorded, 1 invertebrate of note was recorded from the site – regent skipper (Euschemon rafflesia rafflesia). This species is morphologically unique amongst butterflies and is thought to be in decline. Caterpillars of this species were observed within riparian vegetation in the north-eastern corner of the site (i.e. within high constraint area).

3.5 Bushfire Hazard

An initial assessment of likely bushfire hazard levels under a residential development scenario over the site was completed. This included an assessment of vegetation type, slope and aspect to determine likely setbacks required to retained areas of vegetation on the site.

The site occurs in a generally residential area. Any bushfires occurring in the area would likely be extinguished rapidly, however bushfires are unpredictable and have potentially severe consequences. The initial assessment determined that hazardous vegetation occurring on the site, and likely to be retained based on the results of the constraints analysis, is classed as ‘forest’ for the purposes of a bushfire hazard analysis. The slopes under the hazardous vegetation range from 3o to 20o and aspect ranges from north-east to south-west.

Setbacks from retained vegetation, in combination with dwellings constructed to BAL-29 in accordance with Australian Standard AS3959-2009, would be required as follows:

• Hazardous vegetation upslope of, or level with development – 13m setback; or • Hazardous vegetation downslope (up to 5o slope) – 16m setback; or • Hazardous vegetation downslope (5-10o) – 20m setback; or • Hazardous vegetation downslope (up to 10-15o slope) – 25m setback; or • Hazardous vegetation downslope (up to 15-20o slope) – 31m setback.

Initial Ecological Constraints & Opportunities Assessment February 2015 Page 7 76 & 76A Ballinger Road, Buderim MGR Australia Pty Ltd 4.0 OPPORTUNITIES

• Retention of identified areas of high ecological significance on the site, combined with strategic vegetation retention and rehabilitation on adjoining properties could provide a continuous vegetated link from Lions Park to the Rainforest Sanctuary reserve (Figure 2).

• Large portions of the subject site are currently degraded by weed invasion and or soil erosion, or potentially will be in the future. Development of the site provides an opportunity to undertake extensive site rehabilitation works. Site rehabilitation works, combined with ecologically sensitive development design and construction would ensure that the current ecosystem functioning on the subject site is not only maintained but improved.

• It may be an option to dedicate retained vegetation to Council for environmental conservation purposes or protect the vegetation under an environmental covenant, ensuring it is retained in perpetuity.

• Another option may be to allow formal public access (i.e. walking trails, boardwalks etc.) and interpretive signage for public educational purposes. Walking trails could potentially form a pedestrian linkage from the top of Buderim (Lions Park) to Rainforest Sanctuary and beyond.

Initial Ecological Constraints & Opportunities Assessment February 2015 Page 8 76 & 76A Ballinger Road, Buderim MGR Australia Pty Ltd

5.0 SUMMARY & CONCLUSIONS

The most ecologically significant areas of vegetation on the site occur in the western portion of Lot 1, in association with the 3rd order watercourse which traverses the north-east corner of the site, and in the upper reaches of the 1st order watercourse which traverses Lot 2. These areas have been designated a high ecological constraint and should be excluded from any future development.

Despite extensive searches for recent activity, and the presence of primary koala food trees generally throughout the entire site (at varying densities), only a small number of scats were recorded in north-western portion of the site. Any future development would retain the highest quality koala habitat on the site within the identified high constraint areas, and should aim to retain primary koala food trees elsewhere where possible.

It is considered that the retention of identified high ecological constraint areas on the site would allow for the retention of suitable habitat for all additional EVNT flora and fauna species considered a potential occurrence on the site.

It is considered that retention and rehabilitation of the identified ecologically significant areas of the site and adjoining lands, combined with ecologically sensitive development design and construction, would ensure that the current ecosystem functioning on the subject site is not only be maintained but improved.

Significant opportunities exist to ensure that degrading processes currently impacting on the site vegetation (i.e. weeds) are controlled and significant vegetation on the site remains in the landscape. There are also opportunities to retain and enhance a vegetated corridor on the site and adjoining properties from Lions Park to Rainforest Sanctuary including potential pedestrian linkages and interpretive signage.

Initial Ecological Constraints & Opportunities Assessment February 2015 Page 10 76 & 76A Ballinger Road, Buderim MGR Australia Pty Ltd Appendix A Plant Species List

FAMILY Botanical name Common name

ACANTHACEAE Hypoestes phyllostachya* polka-dot plant

ACANTHACEAE Pseuderanthemum variabile pastel flower

ADIANTACEAE Adiantum hispidulum rough maidenhair

ANACARDIACEAE Euroschinus falcata ribbonwood

APOCYNACEAE Parsonsia longipetiolata green-leaved silkpod

APOCYNACEAE Parsonsia straminea monkey rope

APOCYNACEAE Tabernaemontana pandacaqui banana bush

ARACEAE Monstera deliciosa* fruit salad plant

ARALIACEAE Polyscias elegans celery wood

ARALIACEAE Schefflera actinophylla* umbrella tree

ARECACEAE Alocasia brisbanensis cunjevoi

ARECACEAE Archontophoenix cunninghamiana Bangalow palm

ARECACEAE Calamus muelleri lawyer vine

ARECACEAE Dypsis lutescens* golden cane palm

ARECACEAE Gymnostachys anceps settler’s flax

ARECACEAE Livistona australis cabbage tree palm

ARECACEAE Syagrus romanzoffiana* Cocos palm

ASPLENIACEAE Asplenium australasicum bird’s nest fern

ASTERACEAE Ageratina riparia* mistflower

ASTERACEAE Ageratum houstonianum* blue billygoat weed

ASTERACEAE Bidens pilosa* cobbler’s pegs

BIGNONIACEAE Pandorea pandorana wonga vine

BIGNONIACEAE Spathodea campanulata* African tulip tree

BLECHNACEAE Blechnum cartilagineum gristle fern

BLECHNACEAE Doodia aspera prickly rasp fern

BLECHNACEAE Doodia heterophylla rasp fern

BYTTNERIACEAE Commersonia bartramia brown kurrajong

CAMPANULACEAE Lobelia purpurascens whiteroot

CAMPANULACEAE Wahlenbergia gracilis sprawling bluebell

CASUARINACEAE Allocasuarina littoralis black she-oak

CASUARINACEAE Allocasuarina torulosa forest oak

CUNONIACEAE Schizomeria ovata crab apple

CYATHEACEAE Cyathea cooperi straw tree fern

CYPERACEAE Gahnia aspera rough saw sedge

DENNSTAEDTIACEAE Pteridium esculentum bracken fern

DILLENIACEAE Hibbertia scandens twining guinea flower

DIOSCORIACEAE Dioscorea transversa native yam

EBENACEAE Diospyros pentamera myrtle ebony

ELAEOCARPACEAE Elaeocarpus eumundi hard quandong

ELAEOCARPACEAE Elaeocarpus obovatus hard quandong FAMILY Botanical name Common name

ELAEOCARPACEAE Elaeocarpus reticulatus blueberry ash

ELAEOCARPACEAE Sloanea australis maiden’s blush

EPACRIDACEAE Monotoca scoparia prickly broom heath

EPACRIDACEAE Trochocarpa laurina tree heath

EUPHORBIACEAE Alchornea ilicifolia native holly

EUPHORBIACEAE Breynia oblongifolia coffee bush

EUPHORBIACEAE Claoxylon australe brittlewood

EUPHORBIACEAE Drypetes deplanchei yellow tulip

EUPHORBIACEAE Macaranga tanarius macaranga

EUPHORBIACEAE Mallotus megadontus toothed kamala

EUPHORBIACEAE Mallotus philippensis red kamala

EUPOMATIACEAE Eupomatia laurina bolwarra

FABACEAE - CAESALPINIOIDEAE Caesalpinia scortechinii * large prickle-vine

FABACEAE - FABOIDEAE Callerya megasperma native wisteria

FABACEAE - FABOIDEAE Castanospermum australe black bean

FABACEAE - FABOIDEAE Desmodium uncinatum* silver-leaf desmodium

FABACEAE - FABOIDEAE Hovea acutifolia hovea

FABACEAE - FABOIDEAE Platylobium formosum handsome flat pea

FABACEAE – LEGUMINOSAE Austrosteenisia blackii bloodvine

FABACEAE - bakeri Baker’s wattle

FABACEAE - MIMOSOIDEAE Acacia disparrima hickory wattle

FABACEAE - MIMOSOIDEAE Acacia leiocalyx black wattle

FABACEAE - MIMOSOIDEAE Acacia longissima narrow-leaved wattle

FABACEAE - MIMOSOIDEAE Acacia maidenii Maiden’s wattle

FABACEAE - MIMOSOIDEAE Acacia melanoxylon blackwood wattle

FABACEAE - MIMOSOIDEAE Acacia penninervis mountain hickory

FLAGELLARIACEAE Flagellaria indica whip vine

GLEICHENIACEAE Sticherus flabellatus umbrella fern

HEMEROCALLIDACEAE Geitonoplesium cymosum scrambling lily

LAMIACEAE Clerodendrum floribundum lolly bush

LAURACEAE Cassytha filiformis dodder laurel

LAURACEAE Cinnamomum camphora* camphor laurel

LAURACEAE Cryptocarya glaucescens jackwood

LAURACEAE Cryptocarya laevigata glossy laurel

LAURACEAE Cryptocarya microneura murrogun

LAURACEAE Neolitsea dealbata white bolly gum

LAXMANNIACEAE Cordyline rubra red-fruited palm lily

MALVACEAE Hibiscus heterophyllus wild rosella

MELIACEAE Synoum glandulosum scentless rosewood

MENISPERMACEAE Sarcopetalum harveyanum pearl vine

MENISPERMACEAE Stephania japonica var. discolor tape vine FAMILY Botanical name Common name

MONIMIACEAE Wilkiea huegeliana veiny wilkiea

MONIMIACEAE Wilkiea macrophylla large-leaved wilkiea

MORACEAE Ficus coronata creek sandpaper fig

MORACEAE Ficus watkinsiana strangler fig

MORACEAE Maclura cochinchinensis cockspur thorn

MORACEAE Trophis scandens burny vine

MYRTACEAE Acmena smithii narrow-leaved lillypilly

MYRTACEAE Corymbia intermedia pink bloodwood

MYRTACEAE Eucalyptus grandis flooded gum

MYRTACEAE Eucalyptus microcorys tallowwood

MYRTACEAE Eucalyptus propinqua small-fruited grey gum

MYRTACEAE Eucalyptus tindaliae Tindale’s stringybark

MYRTACEAE Lophostemon confertus brush box

MYRTACEAE Pilidiostigma rhytispermum bush myrtle

MYRTACEAE Rhodamnia acuminata Cooloola ironwood

MYRTACEAE Rhodomyrtus psidioides native guava

MYRTACEAE Syzygium australe scrub cherry

MYRTACEAE Syzygium francisii giant water gum

MYRTACEAE Syzygium oleosum blue lillypilly

MYRTACEAE Waterhousia floribunda weeping lilly pilly

NEPHROLEPIDACEAE Nephrolepis cordifolia fishbone fern

OCHNACEAE Ochna serrulata* Mickey mouse plant

OLEACEAE Notelaea longifolia long-leaved mock olive

ORCHIDACEAE Cymbidium madidum buttercup orchid

ORCHIDACEAE Dipodium variegatum blotched hyacinth-orchid

PANDANACEAE Freycinetia scandens climbing pandanus

PASSIFLORACEAE Passiflora spp.* passionfruit

PHILESEACEAE Eustrephus latifolius wombat berry

PHORMIACEAE Dianella caerulea common flax lily

PHORMIACEAE Dianella longifolia pale flax lily

PHYLLANTHACEAE Glochidion ferdinandi cheese tree

PHYLLANTHACEAE Glochidion sumatranum umbrella cheese tree

PHYLLANTHACEAE Phyllanthus microcladus

PINACEAE Pinus elliottii* slash pine

PITTOSPORACEAE Billardiera scandens apple berry

PITTOSPORACEAE Pittosporum ferrugineum rusty pittosporum

PITTOSPORACEAE Pittosporum revolutum forest pittosporum

POACEAE Entolasia stricta wiry panic

POACEAE Imperata cylindrica blady grass

POACEAE Paspalum mandiocanum* broad-leaved paspalum

POLYPODIACEAE Platycerium bifurcatum elkhorn fern FAMILY Botanical name Common name

PRIMULACEAE Ardisia crispa* coral berry

QUINTINIACEAE Quintinia verdonii grey possumwood

RHAMNACEAE Alphitonia excelsa red ash

RIPOGONACEAE Ripogonum album white supplejack

RIPOGONACEAE Ripogonum elseyanum hairy supplejack

ROSACEAE Rubus moluccanus Molucca raspberry

RUBIACEAE Morinda jasminoides morinda

RUBIACEAE Psychotria loniceroides hairy psychotria

RUTACEAE Acronychia laevis glossy acronychia

RUTACEAE Melicope elleryana pink-flowered doughwood

RUTACEAE Zieria munitiflora twiggy zieria

RUTACEAE Zieria smithii sandfly zieria

SANTALACEAE Exocarpos cupressiformis cherry ballart

SAPINDACEAE Dodonea triquetra hop bush

SAPINDACEAE Guioa semiglauca guioa

SAPINDACEAE Harpullia pendula tulipwood

SAPINDACEAE Jagera pseudorhus foambark tree

SAPINDACEAE Mischocarpus pyriformis yellow pear-fruit

SMILACACEAE Smilax australis barbed-wire vine

SMILACACEAE Smilax glyciphylla sweet sarsaparilla

SOLANACEAE Solanum mauritianum* wild tobacco

SOLANACEAE Solanum seaforthianum* Brazilian nightshade

THYMELAEACEAE Wikstroemia indica bootlace bush

ULMACEAE Aphananthe philippinensis rough-leaved elm

ULMACEAE Trema tomentosa native peach

VERBENACEAE Gmelina leichhardtii white beech

VERBENACEAE Lantana camara* lantana

VITACEAE Cayratia clematidea slender grape

VITACEAE Cissus hypoglauca five-leaved water vine

WINTERACEAE Tasmannia insipida pepper bush

XANTHORRHOEACEAE Xanthorrhoea macronema bottlebrush grass tree

ZAMIACEAE Macrozamia lucida pineapple zamia

ZINGIBERACEAE Alpinia caerulea native ginger Appendix B Fauna Species List

FAMILY Common name Scientific name

AMPHIBIANS

BUFONIDAE cane toad* Rhinella marina

HYLIDAE green tree frog Litoria caerulea

LIMNODYNASTIDAE striped marsh frog Limnodynastes peronii

REPTILES

AGAMIDAE water dragon Physignathus lesueurii

BOIDAE carpet python Morelia spilota

COLUBRIDAE common tree snake Dendrelaphis punctulatus

SCINCIDAE three-clawed worm-skink Anamolopus verreauxii

SCINCIDAE elegant snake-eyed skink Cryptoblepharus pulcher pulcher

SCINCIDAE garden skink Lampropholis delicata

VARANIDAE lace monitor Varanus varius

BIRDS

ACANTHIZIDAE brown gerygone Gerygone mouki

ACANTHIZIDAE brown thornbill Acanthiza pusilla

ACANTHIZIDAE large-billed scrubwren Sericornis magnirostris

ACANTHIZIDAE white-browed scrubwren Sericornis frontalis

ACANTHIZIDAE white-throated gerygone Gerygone olivacea

ACCIPITRIDAE whistling kite Haliastur sphenurus

ARTAMIDAE Australian magpie Gymnorhina tibicen

ARTAMIDAE pied butcherbird Cracticus nigrogularis

ARTAMIDAE pied currawong Strepera graculina

CACATUIDAE sulphur-crested cockatoo Cacatua galerita

CACATUIDAE yellow-tailed black-cockatoo Calyptorhynchus funereus

CAMPEPHAGIDAE black-faced cuckoo-shrike Coracina novaehollandiae

CAMPEPHAGIDAE cicadabird Coracina tenuirostris

CAMPEPHAGIDAE varied triller Lalage leucomela

CLIMACTERIDAE white-throated treecreeper Cormobates leucophaea

COLUMBIDAE bar-shouldered dove Geopelia humeralis

COLUMBIDAE crested pigeon Ocyphaps lophotes

COLUMBIDAE emerald dove Chalcophaps indica

COLUMBIDAE rose-crowned fruit-dove Ptilinopus regina

COLUMBIDAE white-headed pigeon Columba leucomela

CUCULIDAE brush cuckoo Cacomantis variolosus

CUCULIDAE common koel Eudynamys scolopacea

CUCULIDAE fan-tailed cuckoo Cacomantis flabelliformis

DICRURIDAE spangled drongo Dicrurus bracteatus

ESTRILDIDAE red-browed finch Neochmia temporalis

HALCYONIDAE forest kingfisher Todiramphus macleayii

HALCYONIDAE laughing kookaburra Dacelo novaeguineae FAMILY Common name Scientific name

HIRUNDINIDAE fairy martin Petrochelidon ariel

MALURIDAE variegated fairy-wren Malurus lamberti

MEGAPODIIDAE Australian brush-turkey Alectura lathami

MELIPHAGIDAE blue-faced honeyeater Entomyzon cyanotis

MELIPHAGIDAE brown honeyeater Lichmera indistincta

MELIPHAGIDAE Lewin's honeyeater Meliphaga lewinii

MELIPHAGIDAE little wattlebird Anthochaera chrysoptera

MELIPHAGIDAE scarlet honeyeater Myzomela sanguinolenta

MELIPHAGIDAE white-throated honeyeater Melithreptus albogularis

MONARCHIDAE leaden flycatcher Myiagra rubecula

MONARCHIDAE magpie-lark Grallina cyanoleuca

NECTARINIIDAE mistletoebird Dicaeum hirundinaceum

ORIOLIDAE Australasian figbird Sphecotheres vieilloti

PACHYCEPHALIDAE golden whistler Pachycephala pectoralis

PACHYCEPHALIDAE grey shrike-thrush Colluricincla harmonica

PACHYCEPHALIDAE rufous whistler Pachycephala rufiventris

PARDALOTIDAE spotted pardalote Pardalotus punctatus

PETROICIDAE eastern yellow robin Eopsaltria australis

PSITTACIDAE Australian king-parrot Alisterus scapularis

PSITTACIDAE pale-headed rosella Platycercus adscitus

PSITTACIDAE rainbow lorikeet Trichoglossus haematodus

PSITTACIDAE scaly-breasted lorikeet Trichoglossus chlorolepidotus

PSOPHODIDAE eastern whipbird Psophodes olivaceus

RHIPIDURIDAE grey fantail Rhipidura albiscapa

RHIPIDURIDAE rufous fantail Rhipidura rufifrons

RHIPIDURIDAE willie wagtail Rhipidura leucophrys

TIMALIIDAE silvereye Zosterops lateralis

MAMMALS

FELIDAE cat* Felis catus

MACROPODIDAE eastern grey kangaroo Macropus giganteus

MACROPODIDAE swamp wallaby Wallabia bicolor

PHASCOLARCTIDAE koala1 Phascolarctos cinereus

TACHYGLOSSIDAE short-beaked echidna Tachyglossus aculeatus

INVERTEBRATES OF NOTE

HESPERIIDAE regent skipper Euschemon rafflesia rafflesia