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Escuela Politécnica Del Ejército Sede Latacunga ESCUELA POLITÉCNICA DEL EJÉRCITO SEDE LATACUNGA CARRERA DE INGENIERIA DE SISTEMAS E INFORMÁTICA TEMA: “DISEÑO Y CONSTRUCCIÓN DE SITIOS WEB MEDIANTE LA TECNOLOGÍA RICH INTERNET APLICATIONS (RIA).” CASO PRÁCTICO: DISEÑO DEL SITIO WEB DE LA EMPRESA BABEL SOFTWARE DEL ECUADOR. PROYECTO PREVIO A LA OBTENCIÓN DEL TÍTULO DE INGENIERO EN SISTEMAS E INFORMÁTICA JUAN GABRIEL PEÑAHERRERA SANDOVAL DIEGO ISMAEL VELASCO SÁNCHEZ Latacunga, Agosto 2009 ESCUELA POLITÉCNICA DEL EJÉRCITO CARRERA DE INGENIERIA DE SISTEMAS E INFORMÁTICA CERTIFICADO ING. JAVIER MONTALUISA (DIRECTOR) ING. JOSÉ CARRILLO (CODIRECTOR) CERTIFICAN: Que el trabajo titulado “DISEÑO Y CONSTRUCCIÓN DE SITIOS DE WEB MEDIANTE LA TECNOLOGÍA RICH INTERNET APLICATIONS (RIA). CASO PRÁCTICO: DISEÑO DEL SITIO WEB DE LA EMPRESA BABEL SOFTWARE ECUADOR.” realizado por los señores: Juan Gabriel Peñaherrera Sandoval y Diego Ismael Velasco Sánchez ha sido guiado y revisado periódicamente y cumple normas estatutarias establecidas por la ESPE, en el Reglamento de Estudiantes de la Escuela Politécnica del Ejército. Debido a que constituye un trabajo de excelente contenido científico que coadyuvará a la aplicación de conocimientos y al desarrollo profesional, SI recomiendan su publicación. El mencionado trabajo consta de UN empastado y UN disco compacto el cual contiene los archivos en formato portátil de Acrobat. Autorizan a los señores: Juan Gabriel Peñaherrera Sandoval y Diego Ismael Velasco Sánchez que lo entreguen al Ing. Edison Espinosa, en su calidad de Director de Carrera. Latacunga, 31 de agosto de 2009. ________________________ _________________________ Ing. Javier Montaluisa Ing. José Carrillo DIRECTOR DE PROYECTO CODIRECTOR DE PROYECTO - 1 - ESCUELA POLITÉCNICA DEL EJÉRCITO CARRERA DE INGENIERÍA DE SISTEMAS E INFORMATICA AUTORIZACIÓN Nosotros, Juan Gabriel Peñaherrera Sandoval y Diego Ismael Velasco Sánchez Autorizamos a la Escuela Politécnica del Ejército la publicación, en la biblioteca virtual de la Institución de la tesis “DISEÑO Y CONSTRUCCIÓN DE SITIOS DE WEB MEDIANTE LA TECNOLOGÍA RICH INTERNET APLICATIONS (RIA). CASO PRÁCTICO: DISEÑO DEL SITIO WEB DE LA EMPRESA BABEL SOFTWARE ECUADOR.” cuyo contenido, ideas y criterios son de nuestra exclusiva responsabilidad y autoría. Latacunga, 31 de agosto del 2009 __________________________ _______________________ Juan Gabriel Peñaherrera Sandoval Diego Ismael Velasco Sánchez CI. No. 0502501976 CI. No. 0502603855 - 2 - DEDICATORIA Por Juan Peñaherrera: Dedico este arduo trabajo con todo cariño a mis padres que me han sabido guiar en toda mi vida y en cada uno de mis días, con mucha dedicación y amor, además, a mis hermanos que de una u otra forma han sido un ejemplo y un complemento para mí, a mis abuelitos que han guiado a toda una familia en el bien, a mis tíos y primos que llenan de alegría mi vida. A mi enamorada que es una amiga y compañera, muy cariñosa, compresiva y un apoyo cada día. A todos mis profesores que tuvieron el generoso plan de enviarnos a Costa Rica, a la empresa Babel Software, a todos mis jefes que han sabido aconsejarme para lograr mis metas, a mis amigos que siempre han sido mi fuerza a lo largo de la vida, además, a Diego que siempre ha sido un buen amigo y confió en mí para realizar este proyecto. Y sobre todo a Dios, por darme el regalo de tener una vida llena de seres queridos, de magníficas experiencias y de metas por cumplir, también, por darme una nueva oportunidad de vivir y una nueva visión de la vida; pienso que eso me hace aún más fuerte cada día, teniendo el propósito de mejorar este mundo y de alguna u otra forma la vida de los demás. Por Diego Velasco: Dedico el presente proyecto a mis padres Edison y Marcia, hermanos: Paola, Gabriela y Edison Patricio y sobrinos: Ismael, Gabriel y Ana Paula por su amor, cariño e incondicional apoyo en procura de conseguir esta meta personal. Mi total respeto y gratitud para Juan por invitarme a participar de este proyecto y lograr en conjunto el objetivo de graduarnos. Igualmente con respeto y gratitud a los ingenieros: José Luis Carrillo, Edison Espinosa, Javier Montaluisa, Edgar Oviedo, y Esteban Oviedo por confiarme junto con sus enseñanzas: su amistad. Y a todos los buenos amigos, familiares, profesores y compañeros por contribuir generosamente en mi crecimiento personal y mi bienestar; personas con quiénes felizmente seguiremos avanzando en los caminos futuros con la bendición de Dios. - 3 - CONTENIDO I. CAPÍTULO I .................................................................................................................. 14 SITIO WEB Y DISEÑO WEB ............................................................................................ 14 1.1. INTRODUCCIÓN A SITIO WEB Y DISEÑO WEB. ............................................. 14 1.1.1. SITIO WEB. ................................................................................................. 14 1.1.2. SITIO WEB ESTÁTICO. .............................................................................. 15 1.1.3. SITIO WEB DINÁMICO. .............................................................................. 15 1.1.4. FUNCIONAMIENTO DE UN SITIO WEB. ................................................... 15 1.1.5. DISEÑO WEB. ............................................................................................ 17 1.2. ARQUITECTURAS DE SITIOS WEB. ................................................................ 18 1.2.1. INTRODUCCIÓN. ........................................................................................ 18 1.2.2. ARQUITECTURA WEB BÁSICA [CLIENTE/SERVIDOR] .......................... 18 1.2.3. ANÁLISIS DE PLATAFORMAS DE DESARROLLO WEB. ........................ 20 1.2.3.1. Navegador como plataforma................................................................. 20 1.2.3.1.1. HTML/XHTML .................................................................................... 20 1.2.3.1.2. DHTML. ............................................................................................. 21 1.2.3.1.3. AJAX. ................................................................................................ 23 1.2.3.2. Plataforma Flash. ................................................................................... 26 1.2.3.3. Otras Plataformas RIA. .......................................................................... 28 1.3. EVOLUCIÓN DEL DISEÑO DE PÁGINAS WEB. .............................................. 29 1.3.1. GENERACIONES DE DISEÑO. .................................................................. 29 1.3.1.1. Primera Generación. .............................................................................. 29 1.3.1.2. Segunda Generación. ............................................................................ 31 1.3.1.3. Tercera Generación. .............................................................................. 33 1.3.1.3.1. Plugins ............................................................................................... 34 1.3.1.3.2. CSS. .................................................................................................. 35 1.3.1.4. Cuarta Generación. ................................................................................ 35 1.3.2. EVOLUCIÓN WEB. ..................................................................................... 36 1.3.2.1. Web 1.0 ................................................................................................... 36 1.3.2.2. Web 2.0 ................................................................................................... 36 1.3.2.3. Tecnologías de la Web 2.0 ................................................................... 38 - 4 - 1.3.2.4. Mapa Mental Web 2.0 ............................................................................. 38 1.3.2.5. Cuadro Comparativo de Web1.0 y Web 2.0 .......................................... 39 1.3.2.6. WebTop. ................................................................................................. 39 1.3.3. INTRODUCCIÓN A LAS RICH INTERNET APPLICATION. ....................... 40 1.4. ARQUITECTURA DE LA INFORMACIÓN. ........................................................ 41 1.4.1. DEFINICIÓN. ............................................................................................... 41 1.4.2. LA ARQUITECTURA DE LA INFORMACIÓN DE UN SITIO WEB. ............ 42 1.4.2.1. Objetivos ................................................................................................ 42 1.4.2.2. Organización de la Información en un sitio Web. ................................ 42 1.4.2.2.1. Esquemas de Organización de la Información. EOI ........................... 43 1.4.2.2.2. Estructuras de Organización de la Información. ESOI. ...................... 44 1.4.2.3. Sistemas de Navegación. SN. ............................................................... 45 1.4.3. USABILIDAD. ............................................................................................. 46 1.4.4. ACCESIBILIDAD. ....................................................................................... 47 1.4.5. LA ACCESIBILIDAD EN LAS RIA SEGÚN LA W3C. ................................. 47 1.4.6. SISTEMA DE GESTIÓN DE CONTENIDOS. .............................................. 49 II. Capítulo II ..................................................................................................................... 50 TECNOLOGÍA RICH INTERNET APLICATION RIA ........................................................ 50 2.1. CONCEPTO: RIA. .............................................................................................
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