Volume XXXII No. 6 June, 1977 INFORMATION ISSUED BY THE ASSOOAim OF mUBH RfflKaS Bl 6REAT BRITABI

Robert S. Wistrich lin, Rathenau, Fiirstenberg, Warburg and James Simon were indispensable for German economic development and its intemational renown. Lamar Cecil's article illuminates this am­ BETWEEN RECOGNITION AND bivalence at the apex of Wilhelminian society. He documents the heights to which some Jewish grands seigneurs could rise and also DISCRIMINATION the social limits on their acceptance. The Jews in Wilhelniinian Germany penetration of Berlin high society was not much easier for the nouveaux riches than was access to other privileged positions at At the outbreak of the First World War from political expediency and economic the top of German society. What is surpris­ the overwhelming majority of Jews in Ger­ interest than from a commitment to the ing is that the philistinism and xenophobia many saw themselves as Germans defending rights of man or to civic justice. This was of the boorish Pmssian aristocracy and their their fatherland and at the same time as one factor in diluting resistance to the post- snobbish condescension towards the worlds citizens fighting to prove their equality on emancipation antisemitism which arose out of banking and commerce did not prevent the battlefield. With a few exceptions they of a general climate of social aggression many ambitious Jews from aping their values. shared the pathos, the pride, the militaristic provoked by the economic crash of the 1870s. The entourage of the Emperor Wilhelm II enthusiasm of their German fellow-citizens. Rump, along with other contributors, notably was thoroughly permeated with the most vul­ But their hopes for a new dawn were to be Werner E. Mosse and Emst Schulin, stresses gar envy of Jewish wealth and hatred for cruelly deceived as was their firm belief that the inter-relation between the dynamic role Jewish radicalism—even though the Kaiser the emancipation was irrevocable. With the of the Jews in the modernization of Germany himself maintained friendly relations with benefit of hindsight it is of course easy to and the acute social tensions involved in its men like Ballin and Rathenau. The influence point to the mistakes and illusions that un­ transition from an agrarian to an industrial of long-standing Prussian traditions maintain­ derlay their attitudes and in particular their society. Perhaps unavoidably, the centrality ed itself when it came to the necessity of conviction that they were first and foremost of this theme leads to some occasional over­ keeping the State free from "Jewish in­ Germans. It is very much to the credit of lapping between different contributors. fluence". Jews were rigorously excluded from the editors and contributors to the final the key positions of privilege in the Obrig­ volume of the LBI trilogy dealing with the Roots of Antisemitism keitsstaat—the officer corps, the diplomatic position of the Jews in Wilhelminian Ger­ The essay by Werner E. Mosse explores service, the Imperial bureaucracy and govem­ many* that they have eschewed the temp­ the consequences of the capitalistic flair de­ mental posts. tation of facile moralizing and concentrated monstrated by Jewish bankers and entrepre­ In view of this social discrimination and instead on a rigorous analysis of the historic­ neurs and in particular its effects on those their historic tradition of idealism and social al reality. groups who felt threatened by the inroad justice, it is scarcely surprising that most In this massive and comprehensive volume of large-scale capitalism on their livelihoods Jews supported a radical liberalism in poli­ the reader wUl find neither apologetics nor and social status. The economic success of tics. The ideal of the Rechtsstaat, the belief recriminations, neither the nostalgic ideal­ the Jews made them appear as highly un­ in a laissez-faire economic order and in ization of a vanished past nor embittered desirable competitors to agrarian, conserv­ careers open to the talents was natural for ideological polemics that serve no useful pur­ ative and Miftelstand interest groups. The an upwardly mobile, newly emancipated and pose. Instead he will be confronted vidth an antisemitism of these strata had, therefore, middle-class Jewish community. But by the assemblage of meticulous, wide-ranging mono­ its sources in objective economic tensions end of the 1870s with liberalism being driven graphs which examine from virtually every though it was exploited for political reasons on to the defensive, so too were the German conceivable angle the specific role and status and served largely to reinforce the dominant Jews. The alliance of Bismarck with clerical- of Jews in Wilhelminian society, economy, feudal values and privileges of the ruling conservative and protectionist elements, a politics and culture: the process of Jewish Junker class. Mosse buttresses his analysis turning-point which coincided with the first acculturation and integration in late 19th with some judiciously chosen examples from wave of antisemitic agitation, boded ill for century Germany; the gap between formal contemporary German literature (including the future of German Jewry. The Wilhelm­ legal equality and a discriminatory social and such well-known writers as Gustav Freytag, inian period saw the Jews increasingly isol­ administrative praxis; the rise of modem Theodor Fontane and Heinrich Mann) to ated as a result of their identification with antisemitism and its relation to the economic show the prevalence of anti-capitalist res­ the left-wing of bourgeois liberalism. They and political crises of the Kaiserreich; and sentiment wrapped up in traditional anti- remained loyal, patriotic citizens but tiieir the problems of Jewish identity provoked by Jewish stereotypes. The familiar identification anomalous position in German society in­ the popularization of racial doctrines and the of the Jews vrith egoism, greed, lust for profit, evitably made them, as argued by Peter Pul­ challenges of modernity. rootless money values and parvenu vulgar­ zer, more critical than the majority towards ity was a stock-in-trade of 19th century Ger­ a system that practised social exclusion and The opening essay by the German historian man literature. If I have a general criticism administrative discrimination. Reinhard Riirup sets a high standard which here, which applies to virtually all the con­ The emergence of a second wave of is maintained by later contributors. Riirup tributors, it is that they have consistently popular antisemitism in the 1890s heightened traces the emergence of the modern anti­ underestimated the prevalence of these their vulnerability as a minority. The struc­ semitic Judenfrage back to its roots in the stereotypes on the political Left. The link­ ture and function of this antisemitic move­ uneven, asynchronous development of bour­ age of antisemitism with the anti-modernist ment in Wilhelminian society is the subject geois-capitalist society in Germany and the Right in German politics, while broadly of a highly informative monograph by Pro­ step-by-step, halting progress of Jewish speaking accurate, should not lead one to fessor Wemer Jochmann. Though there are emancipation. The contradictions and weak­ neglect its manifestations in the "progressive" some curious omissions—Eugen Diihring is ness of German liberalism are skilfully des­ camp. Moreover, one should remember that not mentioned once, and the importance of cribed. The emancipation itself derived more the antisemitism of the Prussian mling elite, populist agitators like Otto Boeckel and Her­ especially bmtal in Court and army circles, mann Ahlwardt seems to have been some­ 'Werner E. Mosse and Arnold Paucker (Editors). was touched with ambivalence when it came ^uden Im Wilhelminischen Deutschland 1890-1914 Leo what overlooked—almost every other aspect °aecl( Institute Publications. Vol. 33 786 pp. Tfibingen: to dealings with the so-called Kaiserjvden. fr C. B. Mohr (Paul Siebecl<) D.M. 120. Members ot Dynamic entrepreneurs and bankers like Bal­ '"6 LBI may obtain copies at reduced price. Continued on page Z, column 1 Page 2 AJR INFORMATION June 1977

idealism and also by the challenge of liberal JEWS IN WILHELMINIAN GERMANY Protestant theology. Driven to demonstrate the contemporary and universal significance Continued from page 1 rooted in the class anomalies of German of Judaism and to find a counterweight to history and the peculiar position of the Jew­ the claims of Christian-German culture, Jew­ of the problem is minutely investigated. ish community. ish philosophers and religious thinkers in Professor Jochmann is particularly strong on the Wilhelminian era scaled heights that have the imperialistic, neo-conservative brand of At the same time he points to undeniable survived the wreckage of the German-Jewish antisemitism which flourished between 1900 weaknesses which reflected the more general symbiosis in other spheres. They left an im­ and 1914 and on its spread in civic, cultural, illusions nourished by the Wilhelminian perishable legacy to modem Jewish thought regional and professional associations. His period. The patriotic breastbeating and mar­ which has transcended the failures of har­ analysis contradicts the widely held view that tial terminology combined uneasily with a monious integration in the fields of economy, antisemitism was on the decline in Imperial facile optimism that the waves of German society and politics. This achievement grew Germany in the last decade before 1914. antisemitism would eventually recede. The out of what Robert Weltsch in his conclud­ Though the specifically antisemitic political belief of the Centralverien in legality and ing summary, rightly calls "the great crisis parties had indeed failed, the seeds which stable institutions led it to underestimate dis­ of Jewish identity" at the tum of the they had sown passed from the periphery integrative trends in German society. Its at­ twentieth century. to the centre of German politics. Powerful titude to the German Zionists, motivated by pressure groups like the Pan-German League, a deep sense of German patriotism, inevitably More problematic on the other hand was the Deutschnationale Handlungsgehilfenver­ resulted in exaggerated expressions of loyal­ the alleged modernising influence of Jews band and the Bund der Landwirte ensured ty (even servility) to the fatherland which in German culture as a whole, the subject a wide audience for antisemitism. In the era for the contemporary reader ring completely of a provocative essay of general interpre­ of Weltpolitik it fused with militant national­ hollow. As Dr. Paucker points out (and this tation by Professor Peter Gay. He strongly ism, social Darwinist race theories and im­ is echoed in other contributions) the exces­ denies that there was anything "specifically perialist schemes to form one of the ideo­ sive cultivation of Deutschtum mirrored the Jewish" in this role and in particular he logical pillars of the national-radical oppo­ incomplete process of acculturation that re­ inveighs against the conventional view that sition within the Empire. As Professor Joch­ sulted from the ambiguities of German Jew­ Jews were in fact an innovative, avant-gard­ mann shows, antisemitism cut across tradition­ ish emancipation. ist ferment in Wilhelminian culture. Accord­ al class and religious divisions, though this Nevertheless it would be mistaken to over­ ing to Professor Gay this is an antisemitic had not prevented the earlier antisemitic look the positive role which the Central­ myth to which many Jews have themselves parties from engaging in chaotic sectarian verein played, in spite of all its failings, fallen victim. One can readily agree with and fratricidal struggles. in strengthening Jewish consciousness. It him that it is unhistorical retrospectively to offered a kind of Ersatz-Religion, as Dr. question the Germanness of Wilhelminian Jewry; and equally it is undeniable that Attitude of the Churches Paucker puts it, for middle-class German Jews, which in the last analysis was a bul­ Jews were also to be found among the cul­ Antisemitism was common to Protestant wark rather than a prelude to total absorp­ tural conservatives and counter-revolutionaries and Catholic clergy alike (Hermann Greive tion in the host-society. This was not the in Imperial Germany. One can also concede in another essay shows its impact on German only irony and "Teutonic eccentricity" which that the prevalence of Jewish self-hatred Catholicism), to impoverished aristocrats and marked the intemal Jewish polemics about should be analysed in relation to the more declining artisans. East Elbian landowners assimilation between the Centralverein and common over-confidence of many Jews in the and poor peasants. Imperial and provincial the Zionist minority in Wilhelminian Ger­ rootedness of their German identity. But Pro­ bureaucrats as well as plebeian demagogues. many. This debate is the subject of another fessor Gay appears to be overstating his case Professor Jochmann, like most other writers highly interesting essay by Yehuda Eloni in insisting that the German-Jewish symbiosis in the volume, views German antisemitism who demonstrates that the Zionists them­ was no self-deception before 1914. It is not essentially as a negative protest movement selves were strongly influenced by German only with hindsight that one can say that against modernization, which fed on diffuse culture—especially by the model of the Pras­ the ultra-Germanism of Walther Rathenau, antUiberal, anticapitalist and antisocialist sian Turnvereine with their sense of dis­ Theodor Lessing, Ernst Lissauer, Rudolf sentiments. This interpretation is scarcely cipline, order, smartness, punctuality and Borchardt and many others was a neurotic novel but it is documented with a massive emphasis on physical training and sports. delusion, a one-sided love affair. Professor research which conclusively shows just how Moreover, the Zionists also saw themselves Gay's own insightful analyses of the painter extensively the antisemitic Weltanschauung, as loyal Gennan citizens, and in 1914 they Max Liebermann, the poetess Else Lasker- aided and abetted by the passivity of local rallied to the baimer of Emperor and father­ Schuler, the art-historian Aby Warburg, the and provincial authorities, had permeated land with no less enthusiasm than other novelist Jackob Wassermann and above all German society before 1914. German Jews. This makes all the heated ar­ of the sociologist Georg Simmel, illustrate guments over whether the Jews really be­ certain dissonances which cannot be separat­ The problem of Jewish self-defence in this longed to the German Volk appear strangely ed from their position as Jewish outsiders context is the subject of one of the most unreal! Yet Zionist pessimism on this point in German culture. thoughtful essays in the volume, by Amold was vindicated and the argument of the Paucker, who examines the dilemmas facing Centralverein that Zionism merely poured It is extremely difiBcult to draw any firm the Centralverein against the broader back­ more fuel on the flames of antisemitism, is general conclusions from this and other ground of German-Jewish relations in general. now little more than a historical curiosity. monographs summarized above. Nevertheless The Jewish middle-class who were pre­ Eloni also mentions the fact that despite some points emerge more clearly than others. dominantly represented in the Centralverein the well-known anti-Zionism of the Protest- Emancipated German Jewry passionately could not follow their German counterparts rabbiner, there was a certain affinity be­ identified itself with its adopted fatherland into the camp of conservative or reactionary tween Orthodoxy and the Zionist minority. but its patriotism proved no answer to the nationalism. With the general shift in politic­ This inevitably raises questions conceming successive waves of German racial, religious al conditions after 1893 (this was the year the self-image of Orthodox Jewry in Ger­ and socio-economic antisemitism. The intens­ in which antisemitic parties achieved their many and the ways in which it differed ity of German-Jewish acculturation seenied greatest electoral success in the Wilhelminian from that of the dominant liberal majority to exacerbate rather than diminish pre-exist­ period) they were increasingly isolated. To within German Judabm. What were the ing social, economic and cultural tensions take only one example, no unconverted Jew political consequences of this difference? One which had their sources in the uneven pro­ was elected to the Reichstag after this date would certainly have liked to see this as­ cess of emancipation. There was no obvious in any of the bourgeois parties. Not sur­ pect explored a little more fully, perhaps in defence strategy which was capable of re­ prisingly there was a slow, though essentially a separate article in the volume. versing this trend. On the other hand Ger­ reluctant rapprochement vrith the Social De­ man Jewry took full advantage of the op­ mocratic Party, more visible after 1903 and The problem is touched on in the broader portunities that were open to it and left its based on recognition of the fact that the context of the religious self-understanding mark in virtually every sphere of Wilhel­ labour movement was strongly opposed to of Wilhelminian Jewry in essays by the minian society. The present volume demons­ any erosion of Jewish civil rights. Dr. Israeli historians, Pinchas Rosenbliith and trates the extent of achievements and also Paucker argues vigorously against more re­ Uriel Tal. In the works of Steinthal, Lazarus of the disintegrative forces that were work­ cent attempts, mainly by Marxist historians, and of the towering neo-Kantian philosopher ing beneath the brilliant facade to under­ to brand the Centralverein as a bourgeois Hermann Cohen, in the writings of Esriel mine the foundations of Jevrish existence. conservative organisation which succumbed Hildesheimer, of Martin Buber and Leo One can safely conclude that this latest pub­ to a morbid German nationalism. As he points Baeck, one is forcibly reminded of the re­ lication of the Leo Baeck Institute will be­ out, its consistently left-of-centre politics markable Jewish spiritual creativity, provok­ come a standard work on Wilhelminian in spite of its bourgeois composition, was ed in part by the encounter with German Germany. AJR INFORMATION June 1977 Page 3 HOME NEWS A nglo-Judaica NEW ISRAELI AMBASSADOR JEWISH OPPONENT OF IMMIGRATION Reform Prayer Book revised Mr. Avraham Kidron has been appointed In an election speech, Mr. Brian Gordon, Rabbi Lionel Blue, convenor of the Reform Israel's new ambassador to Britain. He has rice-chairman of the Young Herut Movement, Beth Din, and Rabbi Dr. Jonathan Magonet, recently been Ambassador to the Netherlands. who was a Conservative candidate at the head of the department of biblical studies at local elections in Bamet, called for an end Leo Baeck College, have worked for the last ANTI-ZIONISM IN UNrVERSTTIES of immigration into Britain, not, he said, be­ eight years on a rerised Sabbath and Daily cause he was a racialist, but because he felt Prayer Book of the Reform Synagogue, the The National Union of Students whose new that Britain could no longer be the dustbin of first since 1930. In a lecture to the Society president is a Jewish woman, has disclosed the world. The Liberal candidate Mr. Ogus for Jewish Study, Dr. Magonet said, in the that a new anti-Jewish movement among said that Mr. Gordon's remarks might have present secular age, some of the terminology university students has led seven colleges to been made by a National Front candidate and about God had become problematic. To call pass resolutions that Zionism is racist. The added that he was always upset when he God "king" was difficult when one lived in present president, Mr. Charles Clarke, said heard of statements by a fellow Jew which a constitutional monarchy. The new prayer there was a danger that antisemitic organisa­ might be construed as racist. Mr Gordon who book contains a special prayer for committee tions like the National Front could use this teaches Hebrew at the Edgware synagogue, is meetings. as an excuse to spread their riews in univer­ a fonner chairman of the University College sities. The colleges at present involved are Jewish Society. Essex, Salford, Lancaster, Swansea, York, New cantor of Belsize Square Synagogue Warwick and Bangor. The policy is based on SECRET PAPERS ON PALESTINE Mr. Louis Berkman, the new cantor of the the crf)j ection of Arab students to Zionist Belsize Square Synagogue, was bom in Cape organisations within students' unions. In some Official papers which have been released, Town. When he came to London in 1966, his eases they have been backed by extreme Left- reveal that on the adrice of the military, the voice was "discovered" after he had sung for wing groups. At Essex university a meeting Attlee Government decided in 1946 that it congregations in London and Cardiff. He won strengthened by imentitled voters from near­ was better to fight the Jews than to fight the a scholarship to train at the Italian Santa by Colchester College of Technology, called Arabs. The Colonial Secretary, Mr. George H. Siciliana School of Opera and subsequently for the al>olition of Israel. Hall agreed, though he anticipated an "imme­ sang lago in Tito Gobbi's production of Verdi's diate and hysterical Je^rish reaction". The Othello for Italian TV. Intemational tours in­ Sue Slipman, the newly elected president of Cabinet papers were only released after Mr. cluded a season in Switzerland as Don Giovanni the National Union of Students who is Jevrish Eric Graus, president of the British Herut, and several with the Israel National Opera. and a Communist, said that she recognised the complained to his M.P., Mr. Peter Thomas rights of all States, including Israel, and that (Cons.), who is himself a former Foreign any futiu-e student policy on the Middle East Office Minister, that some of the papers had EEC model for Middle East should look for a peaceful solution based on been withheld from the public. territorial claims. Such a manifesto by the NUS Sir Monty Finniston, a former chairman of might be divisive, and both sides, the Jewish the British Steel Corporation, said at a Hamp­ and the pro-Arab students, should be prepared ISRAELI HELP FOR UK INDUSTRY stead Garden Suburb meeting, that he was in to compromise on their more extreme attitudes. favour of an economic community, similar to She expressed the hope that the Union of A new £200,000 Israeli computer "Sci-Tex" the EEC, in the Middle East as an essential Jewish Students would continue its excellent is used in a new £500,000 creative complex at compionent for the establishment of peace. anti-fascist and anti-racist work in co-operation the Bradford headquarters of Associated Israel could take the lead in such a community with the NUS. She said that her being Jevrish Weavers, the leading UK carpet printing con­ because of her superior resources of educated cem. Preriously it took six designers three and skilled man-power. niade her feel the possibilities of racism more full working weeks to produce the separations keenly. of each new printed carpet range—now Sci- Tex does it in one afternoon. Manchester twin of Rehovot ANTI-ISRAELI BIAS AT BBC? Manchester city council approved the twin­ Miss Irene Shubik who worked for the BBC HERMANN HESSE'S ECSTASY ning agreement between Manchester and tor the past 13 years and who has worked for Rehovot. The Rehovot youth orchestra will visit Thames TV since last March, has accused the When the National Book League in London Manchester in July. Corporation of anti-Jewish bias. She is her­ opened its Hermann Hesse exhibition to com­ self Jewish and helped without pay in the memorate the writer's 100th birthday, a production of the pro-Israeli Open Door Pro- refugee psycho-analyst. Dr. Elisabeth Loebl Fortune left to Israel from Vienna, said she had known Hesse from Sramme "To live in Peace" which was the Mrs. Cecylia Nadell Roques of Hampstead Anglo-Israel Friendship League's answer to a 1935 until his death in 1962. He had often pre­ dicted his popularity vrith the young which left her fortune of £129,645, after several strongly pro-Arab programme late last year. personal bequests, to the State of Israel. Miss Shubik said the younger Left-extremist has only happened recently. American youth Producers at the BBC sympathised with the adopted him as a cult-figure and used his books PLO, and on the administrative level former as manuals for psychedelic experiences. Dr. Interdenominational experiment Colonial civil servants had retained their old Loebl said that they were wide of the mark. Prejudices. Hesse was indeed fascinated by states of Rabbi Marcel Marcus of Newcastle's Reform ecstasy, but his own experience did not go Synagogue, has offered his sendees to the beyond a glass of wine. newly formed Study Circle of Religions, de­ ISRAEL IN OXFORD DICTIONARY signed to acquaint members with the workings In the new edition of the Concise Oxford of different religions. Included in the group Dictionary, Jerusalem is defined as a "holy are Christians, Jews, Hindus, Sikhs, and city west of the river Jordan". In previous Moslems. ^itions it had appeared as a "city in Israel". Your House for:— The chief editor of the dictionary conceded First woman Lodge president that this and another alteration conceming CURTAINS, CARPETS, *^lestinians had been due to the intervention Since the men's and women's Lodges merged °' pro-Arab organisations. Palestinians had FLOOR COVERINGS last year, the membership of Brighton's B'nai previously been referred to as persons "seek­ B'ritn Lodge has increased by 15 per cent. ing to displace Israelis from Palestine". Now Mrs. Stella Beckerman, formerly president of the entry "Palestinian" says that as a noun SPECIALITY the women's lodge, has been elected the first 'his means native or inhabitant of Palestine, president of the joint lodge. ^d as an adjective "connected with Pale­ stine". The editor admitted that there was no ENGUSH & CONTINENTAL {onger a place called "Palestine", but said Jewish magician there was no way "of indicating this in only DOWN QUILTS, DUVETS, Joe Elman, a specialist in "psychological Jhree lines". The new edition of the Concise magic" has been elected a full member of the "Xford Dictionary is the first since 1964. DUVET COVERS & SHEETS Inner Magic Circle with Gold Star, an exclu­ sive society with just 150 members all over MJ>s. FIGHT FOR RUSSIAN JEWS ALSO RE-MAKES AND RE-COVERS the world. Elman is a former deputy manager of Bank Leumi, he now works as an inde­ , Ten British M.Ps., including Mr. Tim Sains- °Hry, the chairman of the All-Party Com- ESTIMATES FREE pendent financial consultant, where magic niittee for the Release of Soviet Jewry, took would surely be highly appreciated, and spends Part in a Paris meeting of 25 representatives DAWSON-LANE LIMITED most of his spare time in entertaining for *fom 14 European countries who agreed to (Established 1946) charity. ^orm a permanent European parliamentary 17 BRIDGE ROAD, WEMBLEY PARK Committee to fight for the rights of Soviet Telephone: 904 6671 "'^.Ws and to ask their govemments to put their With acknowledgement to the news sendee Pught on the agenda of the Belgrade confer­ Personal attention oi Mr. W. Shackman of the Jewish Chronicle. ence on the Helsinki agreement. Page 4 AJR INFORMATION June 1977 NEWS FROM ABROAD NEWS FROM GERMANY YAD VASHEM HONOURS HEROINE UNTTED STATES SUSPECT DUTCH BENEFACTOR Mr. MeroZj Israeli Ambassador to the Fed­ eral Republic, presented Mrs Eva Hermann Battle of the Chasidim Baron van der Feltz, the prosecutor at The with a medal and a Certificate for herself Hague, has ordered a re-opening of the inquiry and her late husband Dr. Carl Hermann on For some time past, there have been violent into the wartime activities of Mr. Jacob behalf of Yad Vashem in Jerusalem. She is clashes between the various Chasidic sects in Abraham van Tilburg, an 88-year-old Dutchman one of the "unsung heroes" who together with Brooklyn. The ultra-strict Satmar sect has vir­ who emigrated to South Airica in 1951 and her late husband went to great sacrifices tually declared war on the Lubaritch Chasidim who has donated a £5 million art collection actively to help Jews in Germany during the and their rabbi Schneerson. Their main ideo­ to Pretoria university. Van Tilburg has been Nazi regime. They criticised in public the logical difference is that the Satmar followers accused in the Dutch Press of building his col­ treatment of Jews by the Nazis and in 1940 refuse any contact wth less observant Jews, lection on blood money raised from the pro­ donated all the money they had, to the Jews whereas the Lubaritch men believe in going perty of Jews given to him for safe keeping from Mannheim deported to Gurs. In 1943 out among Jews of all degrees of observance— before they were deported or went into hiding. they sheltered a Jewish couple who had gone or none—to persuade them to change their After the war, he was sentenced to four into hiding, but the Gestapo found out, de­ ways. For years they have been invited by months' imprisonment for collaboration vrith ported the couple and sentenced the Her­ Chasidic and other synagogues to give disser­ the Nazis. In Pretoria he lives in a 21-room manns to a long Zuchthaus sentence which tations on the Torah on Pesach. This year they mansion, which he has converted into a only ended with the collapse of the Nazi were asked by the Satmar followers not to museum, and moves in Govemment circles. regime. Both Hermanns belonged to the smaH come, but Rabbi Schneerson refused to give According to his biography, published in the group of German Quakers, and in letters to up the annual pilgrimage. Himdreds of Luba­ South African press, he was a Dordrecht alder­ Quakers all over the world they tried to vitch men set out on the last day of Pesach to man after 1939 and responsible for "adminis­ spread information on the fate of the Jews walk the three miles to Williamsburg, a Satmar trative custody, liquidation of functions and and to initiate rescue measures. Before their stronghold. Just outside Williamsburg they sale of companies". When Miri Kaner, a Jewish arrest, they also ran an information centre for were greeted by shouting, stones and spitting woman, went into hiding, the cosmetics firm non-Jewish and non-denominational, "non- from a Satmar mob. The police had to inter­ she had run was taken over by the Nan Aryans" and partners of mixed marriages. vene and to draw their guns to protect Luba­ organisation Omnia Treuhand and Tilburg's vitch Rabbi Froner whom the crowd threatened daughter was appointed manageress. In 1944, to kill. He was driven away in a police car. van Tilburg bought the business from the Nazis MORE CEMETERIES DESECRATED and registered his daughter as the owner. To­ Prayerbooks for Rassian Jews wards the end of the war, his daughter in tum Swastikas and other Nazi symbols and went into hiding, and Tilburg's mistress took slogans were daubed on some 160 tombs, the The Appeal of Conscience Foundation of over and managed the firm until 1971 when it cemetery walls and the prayerhouse at Han- New York and the Soriet Council of Religious went into liquidation. The Jewish owner had over-Bothfeld. A poster with the inscription Affairs have reached an agreement to allow been discovered by the Nazis and deported. "NSDAP/OA Lauck, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA' 10,000 prayer books and bibles, printed in The mistress, left behind in Holland, has con­ was also found. Gary Lauck is the leader of America, to be imported into the Soriet Union firmed all the allegations against him. the American Nari organisation who was ex­ where no Hebrew books have been published pelled from the Federal Republic some time since 1914, apart from limited editions of ago. Other Nazi daubings were found in the prayer-books in 1956 and 1968 (5,000 and FRANCE Hanover museum, the Landtag building and 10,000 copies respectively) for the 3 million on a number of shops and stores. The president Jews in the Soriet Union. IsraeU artists exhibit of the Land govemment has offered a reward of DM 3,000 for information leading to the Missiles sold to Taiwan arrest of those responsible. 33 Israeli sculptors and painters living in Other cemeteries were desecrated in Ham­ Paris have a section to themselves at the 88th burg and Wilhelmshaven. The "New York Times" has revealed that Salon des Independants which was opened by Israeli-designed and manufactured "Gabriel" Mr. Poher, president of the French Senate and surface-to-surface missiles had been secreUy Mr. Gazit, Israel's Ambassador to France. A BERLIN NPD UNDER SCRUTINY bought by Taiwan and installed on three main organiser of the display of Israeli art was destroyers. Mrs. Maxa Nordau, daughter of Dr. Max The three Westem Allied powers have Nordau, the Zionist leader. She is herself a banned the dissemination of NPD propaganda Separate beaches for men and women painter of renown. material in West Berlin where meetings of the neo-Nazi party have been prohibited for some Rabbi Kahanov of the "Young Israel" Ortho­ time past. The ban was caused by two infor­ dox congregation applied to the Long Beach President's lunch for Jewish leaders mation booths which the party had erected in municipality to have separate beaches for men the Charlottenburg district. and women on its four miles long coastline, as President Giscard d'Estaing inrited leaders many Jews had refrained from using the of the French Jewish community to a kosher THE MAIDANEK TRIAL facilities because mixed bathing contravened lunch at the Elysee Palace, at which new the Jewish law. The town council has agreed to crockery and cutlery were used. Among those Seventeen months after the opening of the comply with the request, as most of the 35,000 invited were Dr. Kaplan, Chief Rabbi of France, Maidanek war crimes trial in DUsseldorf. inhabitants of Long Beach are Jewish. Rabbi Meir Jais, Chief Rabbi of Paris, antl probably the last major trial of its kind, the Baron Alain de Rothschild, the president of the first surrivors of the camp have been called TTALY French Consistory, the principal Jewish re­ to the witness-box. Not many people have sur­ ligious organisation. rived, and of those who have, quite a few Jewish doctor honoured have refused to give eridence because they do not want to recall the terrors of those days The Italian Govemment has made Dr. Darid AUSTRALIA and also because defending counsel are doing Zerykier, at present a medical practitioner at their utmost to discredit witnesses and judges- Cologne, a "Cavaliere de la Repubblica". Dr. Synagogue Centenary 71-year-old Julian Gregororitch, who was a Zerykier who until 1939 taught at Florence clerk in the camp hospital, told the court University, acts as a consultant to a great The Great Synagogue in Sydney whose mini­ about the regular "selections" of unfit camp number of Italian guestworkers in the whole ster is Rabbi Raymond Apple, fonnerly of the inmates and of the killings of all those who of the Rhineland. Hampstead Synagogue in London, will cele­ were admitted to the hospital. He also men­ brate its centenary this year. The celebrations tioned frequent hangings. Antisemitic Franciscan friar will include a male choir singing a composi­ tion for "Adon Olam" or "Ein Kelohenu" for PRODUCERS WANT In a pamphlet about Saint Giacomo della which a competition has been arranged. "SOLL UND HABEN" FILM Marca who lived in the fifteenth century, the Franciscan Friar, Father Umberto Picciafuoco More than thirty German film producers in Moteprandone near Ancona, said that the STAMP AUCTION IN GENEVA have protested in public against the decision saint deserved praise for demanding in 1427 of the West German Radio Corporation not to that the Jews should wear a red circle on their The collection of Palestinian stamps which proceed with a film based on Gustav Frey tag* clothing. When the town elders demurred, the Mr. Michael Sacher, rice-president of Marks & "SoU und Haben" which contains anti-Jevosn saint threatened to leave the tovra "knovring Spencer, had put up for sale at a Christie and anti-Polish connotations. The producei^ what discomfort the presence of Jews caused auction in Geneva, realised £170,500. Mr. also protested against the so-called defamation to Christians". Father Picciafuoco added that Sacher is one of the world's foremost Holy of Rainer Wemer Fassbinder who was to have the treatment of the Jews vras as well-deserved Land philatelists. A complete sheet of the produced the film and who has been accuseo in 1427 as it would be now. He wrote: "Behind first Palestinian stamps issued by the British of "aggressive antisemitism" because of one usury there was and still is a full anti-Chris­ military authorities in 1918, fetched £12,700. of his recent films. They maintain that F^^f' tian programme. In more recent times this Lebanese buyers acquired a great number of binder's work was proof of his always stanO' took the form of a Jevrish Intemational". the stamps. ing up for the suppressed and persecuted. AJR INFORMATION June 1977 Page 5

Hans I. Btich stances of this scholar. In speaking of Goethe's "Faust", which he had known well since his 'teens, Jung also deals, as an expert, with C. G. JUNG'S HUMANITY Goethe's knowledge of alchemy. Rilke, Joyce and Picasso The second volume of Jung's letters follows patients: in dealing with statements, say, on the first, published in 1973 (cf. AJR Informa­ God he is concemed with their meaning for Speaidng of modem poets, he has this to tion, December 1973) after a regrettably long the individual and not with their metaphysical say about Rilke: "I caimot escape the feeling interval.* Even so, the wisdom of Jung's old truth. Ot equal importance, however, is his that, for all his poetic gifts and intuition, age may still appeal to many readers. The work as the doyen of psychotherapists who Rilke was never quite a contemporary. Often editors' leamed and thorough notes again never tires of giving adrice and help, no he reminds me of a medieval man: half give the necessary information about his cor­ matter whether to a world-famous patient or troubadour, half monk. His language and the respondents and the contents of the letters an unknown enquirer from a remote rillage. form he gave his images have something replied to. The volume is prorided with 15 To mention a few examples: Jung gives wise transparent about them, like the windows of good halftone plates and carries a detailed support to one mother who has an imbecile Gothic cathedrals. But he doesn't have what Index for both volumes. child, to another whose son wants to join an it takes to make a man complete: body, weight, As the letters of this volume cover the post­ Indian religious order, and to a third whose shadow." war years, Jewish matters are no longer as son cannot pass an exam ("he needs more of Linking writing and art, Jung writes: prominent as they had been during the Nazi a cold water treatment—^tender solicitude saps "I have given a good deal of attention to two period. There is, however, a letter of October his strength"). In answering another patient's great initiators: Joyce" whose schizophrenic 1938, printed as an addendum, where Jung letter he stresses the isolating effect of power daughter he liad treated—" and Picasso. Both bitterly complains about being taken for a and prestige. The founding of "Alcoholics are masters of the fragmentation of aesthetic Naa: Anonymous" apparently arose from the deep contents and accumulators of ingenious shards. religious experience of one of his patients. I knew Joyce's pain, which had strangled itself "Whatever I touch and wherever I go I He tries to dissuade severely sick corres­ by its own strength. Hadn't I seen this tragedy meet vrith the prejudice that I'm a Nari and in close afBliation with the German govem­ pondents from suicide even ii they are in time and again with my schizophrenic patients? ment. I had a very real proof of this mis­ extreme distress. He carefully advises a patient In Ulysses a world comes down in an almost conception and correspondmg difficulties this on dealing with his deep depression: endless, breathless stream of debris, a 'catho­ summer in England." lic' world, i.e. a universe with moanings and "If I had to live in a foreign country, I cries unheard and tears unshed, because Early Contact with Einstein would seek one or two people who seemed amiable and would make myself useful to suffering had extinguished itself... In Picasso Jung recollects visits of the young Albert them so that libido came to me from outside, it was strength which brought about the dis­ Einstein at his house when he was taking his even though in a somewhat primitive form, solution of a work. He saw and understood Ph.D. at the University of Zuerich before the say of a dog wagging its tail. I would raise what the surge of depth meant. Almost con­ publication of Einstein's first theory of rela- animals and plants and find joy in their sciously he accepted the challenge of the all- tirity in 1905: thriving. I would surround myself with powerful spirit of the time. He transformed his beauty, no matter how primitive and artiess: 'Koennen' into the art of ingenious fragmen­ "As non-mathematicians, we psychiatrists objects, colours, sounds. I would eat and tation. I find no signs of real schizophrenia had difficulty in following his argument. drink well. When the darkness grows denser, in his work except the analogy." Even so, I understood enough to form a I would penetrate to its very core and powerful impression of him. It was above all ground, and would not rest until amid the Not all the letters deal with such serious the simplicity and directness of his genius pain a light appeared to me, for in an excess problems. An editor of the American magazine as a thinker that impressed me mightily and of affect or passion Nature reverses her­ "Esquire" expected Jung "to pinpoint the most exerted a lasting influence on my own in­ self. ... I womd wrestie with the dark angel dramatic developments in the coming decade" tellectual work. It was Einstein who first until he dislocated my hip. For he is also the in the field of psychology. "Being a scientist", started me off thinking about a possible light and the blue sky which he withholds he replied, "I prefer not to be prophet if I relatirity of time as well as space, and their from me". psychic conditionality. More than thirty years can help it. I am in no position to ascertain later this stimulus led to my relation with Impressive is his adrice to a man of 71 facts of the future". However, humour, one - the physicist Prof. W. Paul and to my thesis 'with a slight gift for writing' who consulted of his strongest traits, sometimes shines of psychic relatirity". him because, since the death of his second through letters of his obliquely, as, e.g., in A 'spiritual advantage of Jews' mentioned wife, he (and also his third vrife) heard two his delightful answer to an enquiry about in one of his letters may well astonish readers or three times a week 'raps and taps' in the "National Character and Road Behaviour", not acquainted with the history of Jewish bedroom, doors swung open and mirrors tilted from which one passage may be quoted: mysticism in the Middle Ages: by themselves. He had first been married to a pianist who 'after a happy marriage of 17 "One of the most important points of "The Jew has the advantage of having long years left him ovemight' (!), then to a national differences is one's attitude towards since anticipated the development of con­ emotionality, and to what extent an affect is painter and after her death to an actress. held to be controllable or not. The English sciousness in his own spiritual history. By Jung explains to him that he had "a certain this I mean the Lurianic stage of the Kab­ believe in controlling emotions and bring up creative ability not accompanied by a corres­ their children accordingly. Having emotions balah, the breaking of the vessels and man's ponding technical gift"—his vnves performed is 'bad taste' and proof of 'bad upbringing'. help in restoring them. Here the thought so to speak "ricariously" such tasks as should The Italians cultivate their emotions and emerges for the first time that man must have been his to tackle. His urge had now admire them, for which reason they become help God to repair the damage wrought by relatively harmless and at most absorb too the Creation. For the first time man's cosmic taken on "a useless explosive form" (the raps and taps), and he should "produce immedi­ much time and attention. The Germans feel responsibility is acknowledged". entitled to their manly anger, the French Jung gives an impressive outline of Jevrish ately, with the humble means at your disposal. adore analysing their emotions rationally so history as background to his adrice on how Never mind the imperfections of technique— as not to have to take them seriously. The to set up a book "On the Significance of the contents wanting to come to light are the Swiss, if they are well brought up, do not ^^ud's Jewish Descent for the Origin, Content thing that matters. This is the non-spiritual trust themselves to give vent to their emo­ and Acceptance of Psychoanalysis", planned explanation", Jung adds, "which I prefer in tions. The Indians, if influenced by Budd­ ^y a Gennan lady doctor maybe vrith anti- such cases". hism, habitually depotentiate their emotions Semitic motives: by reciting a mantra. Thus, in Ceylon, I Requests of this kind reached the old sage, once saw two peasants get their carts stuck "Racial theories and the like would be a not only from Europe and America but also together, which in any other part of the niost unsatisfactory foundation, quite apart from as far as India and Japan. Jung gives a world would have led to endless ritupera- from the futility of such speculations. . . . serious answer to an American student seek­ tions. But they setUed the matter by mur­ Despite the blatant misjudgment I suffered ing "some meaning in life" on the problem of muring the mantra 'aduca anatman' ('pass­ from Freud's hands, I cannot fail to recog­ ing disturbance—^no soul'). . . ." nise his significance as a cultural critic and ethics and value judgements, and one of psychological pioneer". equal sincerity and humility to a factory This reriew might he concluded by two worker on the doctrine of reincarnation. passages which reflect Jung's far-reaching The Psychotherapist Some of the queries not only span the conti­ mind and humanity: "The imminence of death Theological and philosophical problems play nents but also reach deeply into the past. For and the vision of the world in riew of it is in ^ large part in the correspondence. Time after instance, the Curator of the Ashmolean tmth a curious experience: the sense of the "nie Jung has to stress his concern with Museum in Oxford asks Jung to interpret the present stretches out l)eyond today, looking *nipirical facts and the well-being of his dreams of its founder, Elias Ashmole (1617-92) back into centuries gone by, and forward into —vrithout any supporting material such as futures yet unborn." "One half of the truth „ * C. G. Jung, Letters vol. 2, selected end edited by personal associations. The interpretation lies in the hand of man, the other half in the ,,?'*'ard Adief in coliabofetion with Aniela Jafl6, London iRoutiedge) 1976. 763 pp., £11-50. astonishingly fitted the life dates and circum­ hand of what is greater than we". Page 6 AJR INFORMATION June 1977

Hans Liebeschuetz which proved to be a complete retraction of his speech. He emphasised his belief that German Jewry would survive the storm, if THE WARBURG BANKING HOUSE they remained in the country. The majority of the assembly was probably more astonished A Record of its History than persuaded, but everybody must have been deeply impressed by the speaker's courage. The preface of this book* tells its relevant Giinzburgs, the owners of an important bank­ An uncautious word by one of the hundred or prehistory: In 1921 Max Warburg wrote a ing house in St. Petersburg. This connection more men present coidd bring the heretic letter to Eduard Rosenbaum whom he knew with Eastem Europe was the beginning of statement to the knowledge of the men in well as secretary of the Hamburg Chamber of what Rosenbaum once strildngly characterised power. Commerce and as a leamed expert in the as the "tribal cohesion of a minority". This intricate science of Finance. "The banker basis of commercial greatness was completed We now know that this final speech bad wished to have a historical report on the when, in the 'nineties, two members of the expressed the banker's conriction with which development of his firm, which in 1923 would follovring generation became connected by he had countered the scepticism of his have existed for 125 years. He promised to marriage to the firm of Kuhn, Loeb & Co. in American relatives and defended the exist­ collect the necessary source material and to New York. They were younger brothers of ence of the Hamburg firm "like a fortress". deliver it to a meeting-room in the bank where, Max Warburg, who himself remained in Ham­ This attitude, proclaimed in the very last hour he suggested, the work might be done. More­ burg. Now the house had obtained the inter­ before every thought of such passive resistance over, he gave further adrice in a series of national position which enabled them to parti­ became impossible, was rooted in the same communications. He emphasised the impor­ cipate in the issue of important loans to public philosophy of life which had guided Warburg's tance of discretion, which had always been corporations and industry. Dr. Sherman gives actions throughout the preceding decades. rital for his work as a private banker. The a very readable report of the various actions, Such a mentality had enabled him to remain general trend of financial transactions ought both economic and political which developed a counsellor of authority on political and to be the essential theme. Indiridual and in this situation. He inserts printed and un­ economic problems both under the Empire family affairs were to be kept in the back­ printed quotations from comments by Max and the Weimar Republic. He was a conser­ ground. The impression prevailed that War­ Warburg, which always show the characteristic vative without the emotional shortsightedness burg saw himself as co-author of the intended style and attitude of the man. in foreign relations which was the fatal trend book. among most of his Gentile colleagues. He felt On the whole the book has been conscien­ that his loyalty towards the Jewish people and The work was started, but events were not tiously kept within the limits set by its their tradition was in agreement vrith his favourable to the vmting of history. The sponsor. The reader will certainly feel that position in the world. He could not believe breakdown of the Mark made life more and the story here told circumscribes an important that the revolution of the period had destroyed more hectic in the house in Ferdinandstrasse. contribution to the understanding of Jewish this unity. His life in thought and action shows Dr Rosenbaum could never be sure whether existence in Germany. But from this point of some aspect of Jewish existence in Germany, he would find yesterday's material on his re­ riew, the theme perhaps demands a more possibilities and limitations like a script in tum to work, and in the year of the jubilee, detailed consideration of the human back­ capital letters. Therefore we hope that the on January 1, 1923, Warburg declared that his ground. Individual characters, the position of work of Rosenbaum and Sherman will firm seemed to be too young and rigorous the family in Hamburg society and their atti­ encourage a successor to offer a comprehensive to be the object of history. Later experience tude towards Jewry and Judaism come to mind. biography of Max Warburg to the coining showed that inflation had not been the last A reminiscence may illustrate this argument. generation. hurdle. It was 1962 when Rosenbaum published The three Hamburg B'nai B'rith Lodges had a stimulating survey on the theme in Year­ inrited Max Warburg, who belonged to one of book VII of the Leo Baeck Institute. Subse­ them, to speak at a joint meeting on emigra­ HOLOCAUST VICTIMS REMEMBERED quently, Eric Warburg, the representative of tion. It was about a year before the Lodges his famUy in Hamburg, asked the author now The annual meetings in memory of the were dissolved in 1937, and a Gestapo man Six Million Jewish Martyrs of Nazism, held to compose the book his father had intended. supervised all closed meetings. In his presence on the anniversary of the Warsaw Ghetto Up­ Finally the work was dirided: Dr. A. J. Sher­ Warburg surveyed possibilities and difficulties rising, have become an integral part of the man dealt with the period 1890 to 1938 while in various countries, quite in agreement with calendar of London Jewry. This year, the the senior author kept the less rewarding the intentions of the r6gime. When he had well attended function was held on April 24 and not so well documented earlier period ended, the audience dispersed to other rooms at the Adelphi Theatre. Together vrith four as Ills part. for the usual social gathering. The Gestapo other leading Anglo-Jewish organisations, the man obligingly left at this moment. Max War­ AJR was one of its sponsors. The main During its first 50 years the firm preserved speaker, the Rt. Hon. Hugh Fraser, M.P-. a stable, if not prominent position. Some links burg called the members back for a final word chairman of the parliamentary branch of the with the European dynasty of the Rothschilds Conservative Friends of Israel, stated that were achieved, but the transactions were not the courage of the Ghetto Fighters should always equally important. During most of the serve as an example to us not to be indifferent period, the firm's offlce remained in the DOES C.T.T. APPLY to any kind of injustices suffered by Jews ana Neustadt, the quarter where the Jews had Christians behind the Iron Curtain. Mr. Eric Moonman, M.P., Chairman of the Zionist Fed­ settled since the seventeenth century. Only TO YOU ? eration, said the commemoration of the mar­ in 1853 did the firm move into the business tyrs should be on our minds throughout the centre. In 1863 the address calendar first In most cases Capital Transfer Tax year and induce us to become actively in- gave the profession of the owners as bankers will apply to you. The most efficient volved in Jewish life. Dr. F. Summers, chair­ —until then it had been "money changers". means of mitigating that liability is man of the Polish-Jewish Ex-Serricemen's Bills of exchange financing trade were the through Life Assurance, backed up Association, who was in the chair, stated this main object of the business. Notes and memor­ by sound advice. year's Holocaust commemoration was also for anda written by Aby S. Warburg (1864-1933) the Jewish officers of the Polish Army, who are used in the description of this period. had been the victims of the Katyn camp mass­ If you would like further informa­ acre. This material was originally intended for tion, just complete and return the Earlier, the six candles of the Menorah— a biography of Aby's father Siegmund War­ coupon below. each branch symbolising one million Martyrs burg, who in 1857 had taken over the leader­ —were lit by six litUe children. The El Mole ship of the firm and become the founder of I 1 Rachamim was intoned by Cantor S. Hass and its later importance. In 1862 he married I (BLOCK CAPS PLEASE) | the Kol Rinah Choir, conducted by Johanna Theophilie Rosenberg, the daughter of a rich I Name I Metzger-Lichtenstern, sung the two most poP" merchant in the Kiev district related to the ular ghetto songs in Yiddish. It was an iin- I Address I pressive and well balanced function, blena- * E. Roserbaum and A. J. Sherman, Das Bankhaus mg the commemoration of our nearest ones M. M. Warburg ft Co., Hans Christian Vsriag. IHamburg, I I 1976, 235 pp. plus 8 pp. illus'rations, DM 38. with a reminder of our present-day duties. I I BELSIZE SQUARE SYNAGOGUE Date of Birth CAMPS 51 Belsize Square, London, N.W.3 INTERNMENT—P.O.W— { Bremar Insurance Services Limited i Our new communal hall is available for FORCED LABOUR—KZ I Bremar House, I I wish to buy cards, envelopes end folded post­ cultural and social functions. For details I 27 Sale Place, I marked letters from all oamps of twih world ware- Plaass send, registered mall, stating price, lo: apply to: Secretary, Synagogue Otfice. I London W2 1PT. Tel. 01-262 1198 i PETER C. RICKENBACK Tel.: 01-794 3949 14 Rosslyn HIII, London, N.W.S AJR INFORMATION June 1977 Page 7

Frihi Friedlaender (Melbourne) media". Jakob Wassermann, reriewing the translation of Dante, paid tribute to Bor­ chardt's "sprachschopferischem Genie". Like that of his friend Wassermann, Rudolf TWO PRUSSIAN JEWS Borchardt's fame revived after his tragic death. A complete edition of his works was initiated by the Emst Klett publishing house n. Centenary of Rudolf Borchardt of Stuttgart, Wemer Kraft wrote the first comprehensive biography of the poet in 1961, and a number of doctoral theses have been The politician Johann Jacoby died in 1877 Borchardt's literary works were character­ based on his works. in his native Konigsberg*: in the same city ised as unique by a competent critic, Franz His character may best be realised by a and on June 9 of the same year, the writer Blei, and their scope and insight are surely comparison with Johann Jacoby. While Jacoby Rudolf Borchardt was bom. unparalleled. His archaistic story "Das Buch stood for the democratisation of Pmssia, But wliile Jacoby was bom a Jew, firmly Joram" (1907) tells of the birth of a sariour Borchardt's attitude was that of a thorough­ confessing to his faith, Borchardt's family in the Biblical East. He leads us into the going Prussian conservative, in line, unfor­ had tumed to Protestantism, so that he him­ world of Greek antiquity with his aesthetic tunately, vrith his estrangement from Juda­ self had only a faint sense of his Jewish an­ credo "Das Gesprach Uber Formen" (1905) ism. When reproached with escapism from cestry. His father, a well-to-do bank director, and his treatise on the Alcestis myth (1910). his Jewishness, he defended himself by de­ moved to Berlin with his family, which con­ His literary bequest included an extensive claring that his writings, the result of a sisted of Rudolf, Emst, who became a paper developing a bold hypothesis concern­ creative assimilation, justified such an at­ talented architect, and another son and ing Homer. titude. The greatness of his work is incon­ daughter. Georg Hermann, the author of The works in verse, "Der Durant" and "Die testable; yet its achievement is significant "Jettchen Gebert" (whose family name was Beichte Bocchino Belfortis" (both 1904), re- both of the opportunities and of the dangers also Borchardt) was Rudolf's cousin, but the rive the atmosphere of the Crusades and the for the Jew in the Diaspora. two had quite different characters. late Middle Ages. The eternal conflict be­ Rudolf Borchardt showed brilliance in tween profane and ideal love forms the back­ oriental and classical languages, and in clas­ ground to "Der Durant", while the wealth JEWISH REFERENCES IN COLOGNE sical archaeology, as a student at the Univer­ of the poet's emotional life permeates his GUIDE BOOK sities of Berlin, Bonn and Gottingen, and lyrical poetry: "Jugendgedichte" (1913), promised to develop into an excellent scholar "Vermischte Gedichte" (1906-16) and the The Jevrish community in Cologne, the oldest in those fields. However, he realised that particularly fine "Die Schopfung aus Liebe" Jewish settlement in Germany, which was scholarship did not fully satisfy him and (1923). Max Brod, reriewing the first vol­ already mentioned in Roman documents of the that he could express himself completely ume, described Borchardt as "one of the fourth century, has had a chequered history. only in poetry and literature. Herder taught greatest poets writing in German today". Between the first expulsion of the Jews after him that poetiy, "the mother tongue of man- The motif of messianic redemption, already the so-called Black Death (1349) and their re-admission there was an interval of only Knd", unites all human beings. Borchardt visible in "Das Buch Joram", is also the 25 years, but when they were expelled again was fascinated by the poetry of Stefan basis of Borchardt's dramatic poem "Die in 1424, almost four centuries passed until George and became an enthusiastic admirer Papstin Jutta", of which only the first part, Jews were permitted again to settle in the city. and close friend of Hugo von Hofmannsthal "Verkiindigung" (1920) was published. In The new Jewish community was established va ("Rede iiber Hofmannsthal", 1902). Both similar vein, the deeply moving poem "Die 1801, and 140 years later it had to share joined the Stefan George circle, but when halbgerettete Seele" (1920) puts the question the fate of all Jewish communities in Germany. George tried to impose his will on them, of moral purification in a style reflecting After the Second World War, the present con­ Hofmannsthal kept his distance and Bor­ original traditionalism. gregation was founded by the small number chardt broke away. of people who had surrived the concentration Borchardt represents a guardian of the camps or gone underground during the war. His first wife was the Jewish painter German cultural heritage in his edition of Several references to this history are also Caroline Ehrmann, a cousin of Theodor Les­ Hartmann von Aue's "Der arme Heinrich" included in the recently published "Kunst- sing, but the marriage ended in divorce. and in his anthologies "Der Deutsche in der Reisefiihrer Koln" (DuMont Verlag, Cologne), Caroline was later to perish in Theresien­ Landschaft" (1927), "Deutsche Denkreden" by Pater D. Willehad Paul Eckert who also stadt. Borchardt's second marriage to Marie (1925) and "Ewiger Vorrat deutscher Poesie" plays a leading part in the field of Christian- Luise Voigt was a happy one and blessed (1926). On the other hand, he illumined the Jewish co-operation. Among other things, he grave crisis of his own times in "Das hoff­ describes the medieval Jewish quarter — the *^th four children; she was a niece of Rudolf Mikvah, near the Rathausplatz, was excavated Alexander Schroeder. Her husband was en­ nungslose Geschlecht", a volume of short only a few years ago and can be riewed. He couraged by his firm friendship vrith Schroe- stories published in 1929, and in his only also refers to the plaque fixed on the Opera ^er, an eminent poet and translator of Horace novel "Vereinigung durch den Feind hin­ House (Offenbachplatz!) in memory of the ^d the Odyssey. durch" (1937). destroyed Glockengasse Synagogue. The Disliking the atmosphere of Wilhelm II's Poet, story-teller, Nordicist, Borchardt was numerous artists mentioned in the book include Germany, Borchardt settled in Tuscany and also a masterly orator, essayist, philologist, the painter and sculptor Otto Freundlich only occasionally returned to Germany to translator, even a writer on horticulture. His (perished in a concentration camp), whose friend Thomas Mann testified to the power mosaic "Geburt des Menschen" is exhibited in lecture on poetiy. Although he loved the the Opera House foyer, and the Cologne-bom Italian countryside and culture, he wrote of his oratory, while the leading critic Arthur Dr. Alfred Salmony (1891-1958), who was Some profound articles for the Suddeutsche Eloesser praised his essays as a "Monumen- custos of the Museum for East Asian Art in Wonatshefte in 1911, declaring that Italy was talbau sprachlicher Architektur". Borchardt's Cologne. Of course the book also mentions '•ot to be trusted as an ally of Germany and book on Pisa proves that he was completely the Library of the History of German Jewry, Austria. When in the First World War, Italy at home in Tuscany, while his "Gartenphan- "Germania Judaica" (founded 1958) and the ^^ indeed betray her allies, the German tasie" showed him as an expert in garden­ exhibition "Monumenta Judaica" held in General Staff made use of his expert know­ ing. His gift for languages stood him in good Cologne in 1963-64.—E.G.L. ledge of Italian affairs. stead in his translations into German of After the war, Borchardt retumed to Italy, "Altionische Gbtterlieder", Pindar, the "(Jer­ WORMS JEWISH QUARTER REBUILT *hich in a few years was to be govemed mania" of Tacitus, the great troubadors, "y the Fascists. He felt respect for Mus­ Swinboume, W. S. Landor and Dante's "Vita The city of Worms had been inhabited solini who, well versed in German, in his Nuova", as well as his modernised Middle by Jews since the year 1000, its community High German version of the "Divina Com- was one of the oldest in Gennany when the ^rn had a high opinion of Borchardt. From Nazis came to power. Many Jewish legends ^a-a. Germany, however, he encountered only circulated among the population, many of contempt and persecution as a Jew, to which them about the Jewish sage Raschi who taught he reacted with scom: BECHSTEIN STEINWAY BLUTHNER in Worms from 1055-1065. The chapel which Das Reich verbleibet nicht bore his name, and the synagogues were de­ Den Finstem und dem Frechen. Finest selection reconditioned PIANOS stroyed by Nazi terror, and the ancient Jewish quarter with its conununity hall, hospital and "e was arrested by the Gestapo in 1944, but bakery were damaged and destroyed during so impressed the SS-man who marched him Always interested in purchasing the war. Now, the city council has decided to °" that he was set free. The strain, how- well-preserved instruments restore it and to rebuild the Raschi College *\cr, was too much: Borchardt died of heart as a meeting place for conferences. The whole failure at Trins (Tyrol) on 10 January 1945 JAQUES SAMUEL PIANOS LTD. quarter is to become a pedestrian precinct ~~-yet another of HiUer's rictims. and the main street is to be named "Juden­ 142 Edgware Road, W.2 Tel.: 723 8818/9 gasse" as before. Five citizens have protested : An appreciation of his life and work was published 0"f March 1977 issue—The Ed. against the name. Page 8 AJR INFORMATION June 1977

Egon Lar$en In 1924 he became a J.P., and in 1936 he was elected Chairman of the East London Juvenile Court. It is in this capacity that he BASIL HENRIQUES is remembered best, not least for his "running battie" with the Home Office over the treat­ Youth Leader and Social Reformer ment of delinquents after committal, which From the middle of the sixteenth century fortunate as to be British-bom. His parents involved remand homes, approved schools, onwards, some of the Jevnsh families who had did not like his idea of doing social work. classifying centres and so on. Henriques took fled from the persecution and Inquisition in From Oxford, where he was supposed to study special interest in sexual offences against chil­ Spain and Portugal settied in the West Indies. for a degree, he wrote to them: "Can't you dren and carried on extensive public cam­ They were traders, planters, and of course see that before me I see a path which leads paigns for legal reforms, enlisting the support slave owners—like most Europeans who sought to something more beautiful than death and of Lord Longford. "Reformation" of juvenile a new life in the New World. But a few Jewish that I have ideals? When may I give away offenders was his basic aim, as "re-education" families responded to Oliver Cromwell's to others who have not all that wealth and had been his lifelong watchword for the "resettiement" policy, and retumed to Europe; education have given me? You will not stop anglicising of yoimg Jews among the immi­ a certain D. Q. Henriques, bom in Jamaica in me from doing the only unselfish act of my grants in London's East End. When he retired 1811, was one of the last West-Indian Jews to life." from the Bench in 1955 he received a knight­ make his home in England in 1845, where he hood, and when he died in 1961 an East End He went to London's East End to serve his street was named after him. established a firm of import and export mer­ apprenticeship in youth club work. There were chants. He had been an important man in the then about 120,000 Jews from Poland and colony, an officer in the Kingston Regiment Russia; most of them had arrived destitute, THE REV. JACOB KAUFMANN of Foot Militia and a Justice of the Peace. Tliat few could speak any English. "They retain all was the grandfather of Basil Henriques, who the habits of their former home and display The sudden death of the Rev. Jacob Kauf­ was bom in 1890. mann at the age of 85 came as a great shock no desire to assimilate with the people among to his family and a large number of friends. This family history and background may whom they dwell," wrote the Jewish Chronicle. Bom and educated in West Germany, he be­ have influenced the young man more than he "By improving their dwellings, attracting them came a well-known cantor and Hebrew teacher realised himself, as one gathers from the to our synagogues, breaking down their isola­ in the Rhineland and later in Halle. In 1939 biography published by his brother-in-law, tion in all directions and educating their chil­ he and his wife were Jforced to leave Germany L. L. Loewe (Basil Henriques: a Portrait. dren in an English fashion one can do much and found refuge in Shanghai, where he im­ Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1976, £5-25), based to change our foreign poor brethren, who shall mediately conducted services and trained on the diaries, letters and speeches collated by not only be Jews but English Jews." Yet as Synagogue choirs. They came to this country in 1948 and made their home in Welwyn his widow. Rose Henriques, and with a fore­ late as the early 1900s, there were only half Garden City where he proved an outstanding word by Lord Amory. He was an extremely a dozen Jewish boys' clubs among a total of minister, chazan and headmaster of the good-looking man — tall, handsome, with a nearly 40 in and around Whitechapel. This Hebrew Classes. He endeared himself to all beautiful voice—but with unusual and often is where Basil Henriques saw his mission. by his kindness and his great understanding conflicting attitudes to life, to religion, to his He became a resident in Toynbee Hall in of the needs of a small community and by Jewishness. his devotion to duty. On his retirement, the 1913—and a year later he could open his own W. G. C. Community made him their Emen- He felt deeply rooted in Anglo-Jewish new club, the "Oxford and St. George's Jewish tus Reader. society, and saw his task in life in "anglicising" Lads' Club" — a somewhat misleading name, W. M. LASH children from families who had not been so for Oxford had nothing to do with it (except Life President, W.G.C. Hebrew Congregation. as the name of an existing East End mission), and the Christian saint had given his own merely to the local parish. Fifty boys came to the opening and were welcomed by Hen­ riques, the honorary secretary. As a little boy ^s *• he had often been standing on a footstool, preaching sermons to his brothers and thc DUNBEE-COMBEX-MARX nurse. Now he had a chance to make that childhood fancy come true. "They [the boys] very seriously said the LTD. Shema," he wrote to his mother, "and then I started an extemporary prayer. This made them roar with laughter! Most disconcerting, and I finished as quickly as I possibly could. . . ." This little episode shows the man's strength and his weakness: he had the intel­ lectual stature of an educator, but the patronising attitude of an upper-class English­ man towards those he regarded as under- pririleged—which the smart Jewish lads found ridiculous. Yet his religious convictions were Dunbee House genuine, though somewhat indiridualistic. He was a decidedly un-Orthodox Jew (two liberal synagogues had backed his club); to him, 117 Great Portland Street, Judaism was only a faith, not a tradition. This also made him strongly anti-Zionist, and London, W.l he founded (in 1942) the "Jewish Fellowship" as a rallying-point for those English Jews who feared that an Israeli nationality "would sup­ plant religion as the criterion of what was Jewish". He wrote: "What is to me the most objectionable t3T)e of Jews, that is the Jewish nationalist who has not got a religion behind Tel: 01-636 8677 him", and: "The religious sense is the only sense in which I understand Judaism. Human­ Grams: FLEXATEX LONDON, ism is not Judaism, nor are agnostic Jews." Shortly before the First World War he met his future wife. Rose Loewe, a social worker HOUSE OF HALLGARTEN TELEX. whom he told: "It's no good producing good British Jews if you don't create good British 53/79 Hjghgate Road. London, NWS 1RR INT. TELEX 2-3540 Jewesses for them to marry. Will you create a girls' club?" She did. Then came the war; he joined the army, fought in the first tank Choose Hallgarten—Choose Fine Winei battle at the Somme, and was wounded. AJR INFORMATION June 1977 Page 9 THE ISRAELI SCENE OBITUARY DR. HENRY G. SANDHEIM PRESIDENT KATZIR HONOURED SCIENTIFIC SUCCESSES Dr. H. G. Sandheim died on May 7 in his 78th year. A lawyer by profession, he prac­ The Royal Society, one of the most eminent A new invention of particular importance to tised in Berlin until the Naris came to power. scientific bodies in the world, has made Presi­ blind people has been patented under its trade dent Ephraim Katzir of Israel a fellow. There In this country, he joined H. M. Forces at are only 50 foreign fellows, chosen among the name Textobrail. It enables the electronic the outbreak oi war and was discharged on top scientists of the world. Before becoming translation of ordinary print into Braille. medical grounds in 1941. After having worked President, Mr. Katzir was head of the bio­ Blind students or scientists will be in a posi­ as an accountant for several years, he estab­ physics department of the Weizmann Insti­ tion to use the machine at universities and lished himself as a legal adviser, when the tute of Science in Rehovot where he still libraries to obtain immediate copies of required restitution and compensation laws came into conducts research in his spare time. texts. Because of the high costs of production, force. An expert jurist and a skilful negotia­ it will not be available to blind indiriduals tor, he earned the gratitude of many victims of ISRAELI BOOK FAIR in the foreseeable future. The same Israeli firm Nazism whose cases he represented. At the is bringing out a simple modification for type­ same time, he always had a strong sense of writers which can produce letters in Braille. community. He was a member of the AJR More than 1,000 publishers from 43 countries It can also be used for computers and tele­ Board, and when we met him at our latest displayed some 50,000 books in nearly 20 printers. languages at the eigiith Jerusalem intemational Board meeting it appeared that he had re­ book fair. The 1977 Jerusalem Prize was The national physics laboratory has worked covered his strength which had failed him awarded to Octavio Prat, the Mexican poet and out a procedure by which silver nitrate can for some time. His relationship with his for­ diplomat. be reclaimed from television effluents. In the mer comrades in H. M. Forces was reflected long run it will be possible to obtain enough in the leading positions he held vrith the SPINOZA REHABILTTATED ? silver from used film to pay for the entire Ex-Service (1943) Association, first as Vice- cost of production of the film studio. Chairman, then as Chairman and, after his resignation, as Hon. President. He was equally To mark the tercentenary of the philosopher loyal to the F. W. V. fratemity to which he Baruch Spinoza, the Israeli postal authonties THE OPEN BORDER had belonged during his student days and are issuing a stamp vrith his picture. This was chairman of the British group of the could not have been done before, because as IsradI has declared the two open border former F. W. V. members. long as the National Religious Party was in the passages between Israel and Lebanon at Govemment, they refused permission to com­ Metula and Dovev "normal border passages." memorate a man whose excommunication For the first time since the foundation of the HANS WALLENBERG (chcrem) over 300 years ago has never been State of Israel there are now ciriban frontier revoked. controls between Israel and an Arab State. The publicist and joumalist Hans Wallen­ berg died in Berlin at the age of 69. The son PRISON SENTENCES FOR TERRORISTS A Lebanese Christian official held a press of the chief editor of the "B.Z. am Mittag", conference in Tel Ariv to thank the Israelis he too was on the staff of the Ullstein publish­ Five former inhabitants of the Gaza strip for the help given to Lebanese men and ing house until the Naris came to power. He received prison sentences between four and 20 women and expressed hopes for the continu­ left Germany in 1937 and during the war en­ years. They had landed in a speedboat in Tel ation of assistance in the fields of medicine listed in the US army. He returned to Ger­ Ariv last September and pretended to be and economics. many as an American press officer in 1945. disappointed Palestinians who had left Egypt He was first appointed editor of the American in order not to have to serve in Palestinian Licensed News Bulletin in Berlin and later organisations. Under interrogation they ad­ NEW GATEWAY TO YAD VASHEM became chief editor of the newly founded "Neue mitted having been sent to Gaza on a Turkish freighter in order to set up sabotage cells and Zeitung" in Munich. Since 1960 he had held terror acts. The Turks had mistaken Tel Ariv A new main gateway and gates, paid for by senior positions with the publishing house of ipr Gaza and put them ashore in their boat. Mrs C^enia Schreiber of Pans, were designed Axel Springer, especially as a member of When they realised their mistake, they tlirew and installed at Yad Vashem by the architect the editorial staff of the daily "Die Welt". At their weapons into the sea. Roman Halter who lives in Britain. The a Memorial Meeting in Berlin, addresses were aluminium gates represent the barbed vrire of delivered by Klaus Schuetz, then Mayor of ghettoes and concentration camps, the figures Berlin, Friedrich Luft, the theatre critic, MONEY MATTERS of Jews cut off from freedom and a broken Emst Cramer, a jouraalist and close friend Shield of Darid. of Hans Wallenberg, and Axel Springer. The Israeli Bureau of Statistics has pub­ hshed figures showing that the average income of an urban family is about £2,900 per year, NAZI VICTIMS REBURIED MR. HARRY FISCHER an increase of about 35 per cent over the Prerious year. Prices are supposed to have Three Canadian Jews recentty visited Mr. Harry R. Fischer who came from a risen by the same percentage. In any case, Poland and dug up the ashes of Polish Jews higUy cultured Viennese family and in his the Bank of Israel is preparing for the issue in the cemetery of the Lodz ghetto. They youth befriended eminent writers like Robert of a bank note of I£500 (about £33) after brought them in tefillin bags to Israel where Musil and Hermann Broch, has died in Hamp­ the Elections in May, the highest denomination they were re-interred in Holon. They think stead at the age of 73. He came to this country ^r. It vrill bear the likeness of Israel's first that these are the remains of some 300,000 in 1939 and after serring in the Pioneer Corps Prime Minister Darid Ben-Gurion. At present Jewish Nazi rictims. during the war, founded the Marlborough Fine the highest-denomination note is for I£100 Arts gallery together with a fellow refugee (about £6-75). from Vienna, F. K. Lloyd whom he had met YADIN LIBEL SUTT in the Pioneer Corps. He was responsible for UFE EXPECTANCY OF ISRAELI ARABS a number of important exhibitions including The archaeologist and politician Professor tiie exhibition of German Expressionists in the Since the foundation of the State of Israel Yigael Yadin has instituted a libel action Fifties. In 1971 he left Marlborough and m 1948, the average life expectancy of her Arab against the weekly "Haolam Hazeh" and its founded the Fischer Gallery in King Street, gibjects has risen from 52 to 72 years. In editor Mr. Uri Avneri. He claims damages of St. James. During the last year of his life he fgypt it still is 54 years, in Syria 55, in over £300,000, because the weekly had damaged worked on a large exhibition of German art Lebanon 65. his political career by claiming that he had between 1910 and 1939 which was shown under illegally sold antiquities abroad and had smug­ the tiUe "Apocalypse and Utopia". LEGALISED PROSTTTUTION gled foreign currency out of the country. DR. HARRY ABT A government-appointed committee recom- ?*iended that prostitution should no longer be CHATSWORTH AND ISRAEL The founder and curator of the Johannes­ ylegal, proriaed that professionals discreetly burg Jewish Museum, the Rev. Dr. Harry Abt, Used their homes or hotels. After a two-year The Duke of Devonshire, president of the has died there, aged 76. After studying at the study, the panel came to this conclusion Conservative Friends of Israel, and the Frankfurt and Marburg universities and the because prostitution cannot be eradicated Trustees of the Chatsworth Collection have Frankfurt yeshiva, he became headmaster of ^fom human society". Discreet soliciting in agreed to lend a major collection of paintings the Breslau Jewish high school. In 1939 he "ars, coffee-shops and night clubs should be to the Israel museum to mark the Queen's emigrated to South Africa, where he was allowed with the permission of the pro­ silver jubilee. It includes paintings by Rafael, appointed chairman of the Johannesburg prietor. The panel, consisting of lawyers, Titian, Duerer, Holbein and Rembrandt. On Council for Adult Education and an executive J'octors and police experts, estimated that Israel Independence Day, 20 youth groups, member of the South African National Youtii fhere are between 1,000 and 1,500 prostitutes accompanied by 150 adults travelled to Chats­ Sendee Council. For several years he was •^ Israel, some 700 of them in Tel Ariv. worth to plant trees and to present the Duke minister of a synagogue and at the same time Average earnings were about I£l,400 (£87) of Devonshire with a tree planting certificate. Jewish chaplain to the South African Defence ^r night, sometimes over £600 per month In his address to the crowd, the Duke said he Forces. Later, he became cultural officer of which was more than these women could re- was pleased to allow some of his land to be the Board of Deputies and lectured widely on •^ve in any other occupation. used "for this wonderful event." Jewish and general subjects. Page 10 AJR INFORMATION June 1977 WHAT BECAME OF REFUGEE CHILDREN? Birthday Tribute DR. JOHANNA PHILIPPSON, 90 Professor John Grenrille, professor of mod­ talents. How many have fallen by the way­ Dr. Johanna PhUippson, a descendant of the em history at the University of Birmingham, side and will for ever suffer from a trauma Philippson family which played a distingui­ recenUy gave a talk to the Birmingham for not having been able to fulfil themselves, shed part in the history of nineteenth-century branch of the Jewish Historical Society on the it is difficult to guess, and it would certainly Jewish history, celebrated her ninetieth experiences of refugee children who, like be eminentiy worthwhile to study the sub­ birthday on April 23rd. She studied history himself, came to this country with children's ject at greater depth. in Germany under Max Lehmann and Fried­ transports from Germany in the late 1930s. He MARGOT POTTLITZER rich Meinecke, and her doctoral thesis on the said that much had beeen written about the history of the franchise in the era of the 1848 kind treatment they received, but very little AWARD TO DR. LISELOTTE GUMPEL revolution is still consulted by scholars. In about the less happy aspects of their situation. Germany she stood up for women's rights and In my own research, I have met quite a Dr. Liselotte Gumpel, assistant professor of was not only an outstanding teacher, but also few people who came to this country under German in tlie Humanities Dirision of the a member of the Berlin secondary schow the unaccompanied children's scheme, and University of Minnisota, has been named the board. Under the Nazis she taught at Jewish some of them had shared the experiences recipient of a prestigious fellowship awarded schools in Berlin, and after a late emigration Professor Glenville is complaining about, i.e., by Cambridge University in England. There to this country she conducted English classes the attitude of the Jewish Refugees Commit­ was just one such award for the entire United for refugees under the auspices of the Jewish tee which often disregarded offers of free States. The award, called Helen Cam Visiting Refugees Committee. After the war, she places at independent schools for these child­ Fellovrehip of Girton College, is designated received invitations to return to Germany ren and altogether discouraged higher edu­ for a senior woman scholar in the arts, "recog­ for distinguished academic work, but she cation. Karen Gershon's book "We came as nised by her colleagues as one of the most had decided to make her home in Britain. children" also contains instances of such lack distinguished in her field." Since then she has made valuable contri­ of encouragement. The fellowship consists of a honorarium, butions to German-Jewish historiography. Professor Glenville suggests further and lodging and subsistence for one year. It For the Year Book of the Leo BaecK research into this subject, and it would cer­ does not involve teaching responsibilities and Institute, she has written essays on the Jewish tainly be interesting, as a contribution to such Dr. Gumpel plans to use the time in England student fraternities, on the history of the research, if readers of this paper would re­ to continue her various research interests. Her Philippson family and on the notorious anti­ port on their own exjieriences. It must, of book "Concrete—Poetry from East and West semite Constantine Frantz. Only last year, she course, be bome in mind that those were Germany: The Language of Exemplarism and completed a study of her famous ancestor difficult and uncertain times, and that the Experimentalism" was published by Yale under the heading "Ludwig Philippson and Jevrish Refugees Committee was only too an­ University Press in 1976. the Allgemeine Zeitung des Judentums xious to see such children attain some kind Dr. Gumpel was bom in Berlin and came which is shortly to be published in a collect­ of independence at an early stage. Fortun­ to this country with a children's transport. ive volume of the LBI surveying the earlier ately, gifted people like Professor Grenville She re-emigrated to the U.S. several years phases of Jewish emancipation. It is a fitting rebelled and made their own way to achieve after the war and joined the University of culmination to a lifetime devoted to education distinguished careers in keeping vidth their Minnisota faculty in 1968. and leaming.

FAMILY EVENTS WE WOULD WELCOME to hear Personal Personal Enquiries from more ladies who would be Entries in the column Family wUling to shop and cook for an LADY, FIFTIES, would like to U.S.A., where he ran a fencing school. His address was known but Events are free of charge; any elderly person in their neighbour­ meet good-natured, good-humoured hood on a temporary or permanent intelligent genUeman with a riew mislaid by advertiser. Any ipfo^' voluntary donation would, how­ basis. Current rate of pay £100 to friendship. Box 663. mation should be sent to Lionel ever, be appreciated. Texts should per hour. Please ring Mrs. Casson Hulbert, 28 FUlebrook Road, Lon­ be sent in by 15th of the month. 01-624 4449, AJR Employment, for CULTURE-LOVING, SENSITIVE, don, E.ll, England. Expenses wiU appointment. 53-year-old lady wishes to meet be paid. "untemehmungslustigen" genUe­ Birthdays Simonsohn (Myslowitz/O.S.)---- Situations Wanted man up to the age of 65 with simi­ Would anybody who knew the lar interests and sense of humour. famUy of the late Kurt and Helga Pauson.—Mrs. M. Pauson, since .ALTER.ATIONS OF DRESSES, Box 664. seven years resident of Osmond etc. undertaken by ladies on our Simonsohn of PUshutzkego Str, House, The Bishop's Avenue, Lon­ Myslowitz (O.S.) please contact register. Phone AJR Employment YOUNG MAN, 28, non-Orthodox, don, N.2, will celebrate her 93rd Agency, 01-624 4449. their son Ludwig Simonsohn, 143 birthday on June 1. wishes to meet young lady with Cheriot Gardens, London, NW2, riew to friendship and marriage. Tel.: 01-458 6617. Miscellaneous Box 665. Deaths PAINTINGS OF JEWISH origin, INFORMATION REQUIRED AJR Enquiries Eaden.—Irma Eaden (Eisenberg) also prints wanted by private col­ Pickhardt.—Mrs. Emmy Pickhardt, passed away peacefully on April 25 lector. Box 661. Personal Enquiries last known address, 26 Woodlands, in her sleep. With fond memories London, N.W.ll. from all her friends. FAMILY WANTS TO BUY large Cohn (n6e Gerling).—The address Persian carpet.—01-458 3010. is wanted of Mrs. Ursel Cohn (nee Ross.—Mr. W. Ross, last known Gerling), of Berlin, who is sup­ address, 17 Mayfair, West Clui Freudenthal. — Dr Kurt Freuden­ posed to have emigrated to this Road, Boumemouth, BH4 8BG. thal, dental surgeon, passed away PIANO in reasonably good condi­ country before the war. Her late on April 30. Sadly missed by all tion wanted by the Theodor Herzl husband, Herbert Cohn, son of his family and many friends and Society. Gift most welcome but Sanitaetsrat Dr. Max Cohn, was patients. purchase gladly considered. — killed during the November, 1938 AJR MEALS-ON-WHEELS Please phone 01-435 7221. pogroms. Information about the Memorial Service present whereabouts of Mrs. Cohn, SERVICE REVLON MANICURIST / PEDI- who may have re-married is re­ CURIST. WUl risit your home. quired by her cousin in Israel and Keiler.—A Memorial Sendee in —01445 2915. Holiday Season memory of Lothar Keiler will be should be sent to this office. held on Sunday, June 26, 1977, at 2.30 p.m., at Cheshunt Cemetery, Personal Halberstadt.—Information is re­ Would you be willing to Reform Section. For further in­ quired about the offspring or sur­ iieip out — often at short formation please phone 205 4504. WIDOW in the 60s, independent, vivors of the late Hans Halberstadt, notice — by driving oo no relatives, comfortable home, of Offenbach/Main, from 1929-1932 would like to meet gentleman for German Fencing Champion (Deut­ IVIondays, Wednesdays or CLASSIFIED companionship. Please reply giv­ scher Fechtmeister). He emigrated Fridays delivering meals to ing telephone number. Box 660. The charge for these columns is to San Francisco or Los Angeles, the elderly of our 25p for five words plus 20p for community? advertisements under a Box No. LUGGAGE CHANGE OF ADDRESS HANDBAGS, UMBRELLAS AND ALL LEATHER GOODS IT IS A REWARDING JOB Situations Vacant In order to ensure that you receive your copy of "AJR Infor­ TRAVEL GOODS For information please contact: ARE YOU FREE to pass a few mation" regularly, please Inform H. FUCHS friendly hours, three aftemoons/ us Immediately of any change of 267 West End Una, N.W.S Mrs. S. Panl

INTERESTING AUCTIONS MISCELLANEOUS A Marc ChagaU painting "Les Maries at le coq' fetched £115,000 ^t Sotheby's. The pre­ FABLES FROM BOHEMIA many times in these stories. Stifter, Bren­ vious record for a ChagaU sale was £102,000 tano, Grillparzer, Carl Maria von Weber, in 1973. Most tourists in Prague risit the famous James Joyce, Theodor Herzl (as a dramatist), An important collection of IsraeU stamps Altneuschid, and until a decade ago their Bismarck, Casanova, Goethe, Richard Wag­ was auctioned by PhUlips. It included full sheets of virtually even Israeli stamp apart guide was usuaUy Leo Brod. Then, after the ner, and even the Wandering Jew Ahasver from the elusive high value ones of May, 1948. Six-Day War, he emigrated, like so many —they all haunt the pages of the book. There At Sotheby's, a rare collection of Hebrew other Czechoslovak Jews. His luggage must are some astonishing revelations. Where, for books which had been put up for sale anony­ have consisted of a pUe of newspaper cut­ instance, did Mozart spend an evening be­ mously, fetched nearly £37,000. The top price tings—all the stories he had contributed to fore the premiere of his "Don Giovanni"? of £6,000 was paid for a rare copy of a Bohemia's German-language papers. Now he You guessed it: in the ghetto, at the Alt­ Maimonides Code. has collected a few dozen of them in a 136- neuschul, near the tomb of Rabbi Loew, page volume under the title of Geschichten haunted by the Golem. In short, you get a INFORMATION REQUIRED aus dem Bohmerland, plus a poem or two whole abbreviated cultural history of Central of his own and many verses by others, from Europe, with a deft journalistic slant, for In May 1933, Franz Bemheim, bom in 1899 Rilke to Werfel. the price of a good restaurant meal. (£4.50, and hailing from Gleiwitz, submitted a peti­ The fables, yarns, and reportages deal with to be ordered from Dr. jur. Leo Brod, tion from his Prague exUe to the League of the famous men who had any connection Fuerstenfeldbmck nr. Munich, Paul-Gebhardt- Nations, claiming that the discriminatlonary with Bohemia, or who might have had, and Str. 13.) E.L. measures by the Nazi regime violated the about people who met there or might have German-Polish Agreement on Upper SUesia. met, such as Kafka and Einstein who have A CHURCH IN THE DESERT The League of Nations decided in his favour, an apocrjphal conversation in the old Jew­ and as a consequence the Jews in Upper Sil­ ish cemetery in Prague. Schwejk, the good 40 kUometres south of Beersheba, in the esia had a special status untU the Agreement soldier, was once Hausmeister in the Kafkas' depth of the Negev desert, archaeologists have expired in 1937. For historiographical reasons discovered the ruins of a church built in the house—didn't you know?—and describes the sixth century. Underneath the church a stair­ it would be appreciated to obtain some detaUs family to his Obrlajtnant. Gustav Meyrink, case leads to a well-preserved crypt containing about Franz Beraheim's life after 1933. Any in his pre-Golem days, must have been a the relics of a saint whose identity has not yet reader who can give information should familiar figure in Prague, for he appears been established. kindly contact the AJR.

YOUR FIGURE PROBLEMS EXPERIENCED For English and German Books DENTAL REPAIR CLINIC DENTURES REPAIRED SOLVED PHYSIOTHERAPIST HANS PREISS (WHILE YOU WAIT) ... by a visit to our Salon, where AND MASSEUR Intematiottal Bookse//»s 1 TRANSEPT ST., LONDON, NWI ready-to-wear foundations are LIMITED available after working hours and (5 doors from Edgware Road Met expertly fitted and altered if 14 Bury Place, London, W.C.1 Station in Chapel Street) week-ends. 405 4941 required. (1 st corner from Marks & Spencer Newest styles in Swim- Phone: 01-455 8498 Edgware Road) & Beachwear & Hosiery Catering with a difference 01-723 6558 Food or ell nations for formal er Man spricht Oeutsch Continental Boarding House Informal occasions—In your own home Mme H. LIEBERG Well-appointed roomi, uccllent food. TV or anv venue. On parle Francais Garden. Congenial atmosphere. Reasonable LONDON AND COUNTRY 871 Finchley Rd., Golders Green, rates. A permaneni home lor the elderlv. Besz^lOnk Magyarul N.W.II (next to Post Office) Securitv and continultv of management assured bv wy spreken Hollandsh 01-455 8673 Mrs. A. Wollf & Mrs. H. Wolff (Jnr) Mrs. ILLY LIEBERMAN We also speak English 3 Hemstal Road, London, 01-937 2872 NW6 2AB. Tel.: 01-624 8521 EDGWARE NURSING THE DORICE HOME Continental Cuisine—Licensed HAMPSTEAD HOUSE GOLDWEU RESIDENTIAL 169a Flnchley Road, N.W.S 36-38 Orchard Drive, Edgware, 12 Lyndhurst Gardens, N.W.S HOTEL MIddx. (624 6301) PARTIES CATERED FOR for the elderly, retired and slightly DIETS AND NURSING Registered with tho Borough of handicapped. Luxurious accom­ SERVICES AVAILABLE Bamet and staffed in accordance modation, central heating through­ Lovely Large Terrace & Gardens with their regulations. BELSIZE SQUARE GUEST out. H/c in all rooms, lift to all Very Quiet Position. We provide full nursing care for floors, colour TV, lounge and North Finchley, near Woodhouse the sick elderly and for the HOUSE Grammar School. 24 BELSIZE SQUARE. N.W.3 comfortable dining room, pleasant chronically ill of all ages. Tel.: 01-794 4307 or 01-435 2557 gardens. Kosher food. Modest MRS. COLDWELL Matron: Miss K. McAteer MOOERN SELF-CATERJNC HOLIDAY terms. Enquiries: 11 Fenstanton Avenue, •* O O M S . RESIDENT HOUSEKEEPER London, N.12 Tel: 01-958 8196 MODERATE TERMS. NEAR SWISS COTTAGE STATION 01-452 9768 or 01-794 6037 Tel.: 01-445 0061 SWISS COTTAGE HOTEL "AVENUE LODGE" QROSVENOR NURSING HOME THURLOW LODGE 4 Adamson Road, (l-icensed by the London Borough of Licensed by the Borough of Camden London, N.W.S Barnet) for the elderiy, retired and slightly Tel. ! 01-722 2281 Luxurious and comfortable home. handicapped. Luxurious accom­ Golders Green, N.W.11 Retired, post-operative, convales­ modation. Centrally heated, hot Beautifully appointed—all modem NORTH-WEST LONDONS EXCLUSIVE cent and medical patients cared and cold water in all rooms, lift comforts. HOME FOR THE ELDERLY AND for. Long or short term stays. to all floors, colour television 1 minute from Swiss Cottage Tube Station RETIRED Under supervision both day and lounge and comfortable dining "^ Luxurious single and double roome night by a qualified nursing team. room, kosher cuisine. Pleasant with telephone. Well furnished single or double H.WOORTMAN&SON ^ Principal room* with bathroom en gardens. Resident S.R.N, in atten­ •ulle. rooms. Lift to all floors. A spaci­ dance. 24 hours supervision. 8 Baynes Mews, Hampstead, N.W.S ous colour TV lounge and dining * Lounge with colour TV. Single rooms from £40-00 p.w. •Phone 4S5 3974 room, excellent kosher cuisine. Ring for appointment: * Koeher cuisine. Continental Builder and Decorator Please telephone Matron for full 01-794 7305 or 01-452 9768 * Lovely gardens—easy parking. 11-12 Thuriow Road, Specialist in Dry Rot Repairs * Oay and night nursing. details. 01-203 2692/01-452 0515 London, N.W.S. please telaphona the Matron, 01-455 0800 85-87 Fordwych Road, N.W.2. ESTIMATES FREE Page 12 AJR INFORMATION June 1977

of £12,500 and a loan of £12,500 at a low rate of interest) to the B'nai B'rith Hillel House, THEATRE AND CULTURAL NEWS completed in 1971—a larger sum than was contributed by any other Lodge and helping New York. The season's revivals at the Wembley Show. The famous Spanish Riding greatly in laying the financial foundation for Metropolitan Opera House included Meyer­ School of Vienna, whose repertoire represents this great project. ^^j^ ^ FRANK E. FALK beer's opera "Der Prophet". Until 1933, it was a complete coverage of the classical art of 32 Vivian Way, one of the standard works of Gennan opera riding, will give six evening shows at the London, N2 OHZ. houses but, contrary to the works by other Empire Pool, Wembley between October llth Jewish composers (Offenbach, Mendelssohn, and 18th. Tickets (from £2 to £12-50) can be Sir,—We were greatly encouraged by th^ Goldmark, Komgold), it was not reinstated obtained from "Box OfiSce, Spanish Riding prominence given in your last edition to tne article by Margot Pottlitzer on the history after the war. Both Caruso and Leo Slezak School", Empire Pool, Wembley, Middlesex. of "B'nai B'rith" in general and the extensive considered the part of Eleazar as one of their Birthday. Olga Tschechowa, niece of the coverage of the activities and achievements favourite and most successful roles. Russian dramatist Anton Tschechov, best of the Leo Baeck Lodges in particular. Leonard Bemstein in Austria. At this year's known as a successful and beautiful film act­ We felt for a long time that the connec­ "Carinthian Summer", an annual festival held ress ("Maskerade", "Drei von der Tankstelle") tions between the AJR and the Leo BaecK at Villach and Ossiach, Leonard Bemstein will celebrated her SOth birthday in Munich. Lodges—close as they are—could be i^'^"'fl appear between August 16th and 21st; he will S.B. strengthened to our mutual advantage oy your members joining the Leo Baeck Load^^ conduct the Israeli Philharmonic orchestra where they would find not only an outlet for and act as accompanist to contralto Christa their cultural requirements but a strong feel­ Ludwig. Solo concerts by violinist Nathan Letters to tlie Editor ing of brotherhood, not least of which engen­ Milstein and Igor Oistrach are also included dered by common background and history. in the Festival programme. THE LEO BAECK LODGES May we, through your excellent and very informative joumal invite any of your mem­ Vienna. The old and very brilliant comedy Sir,—May I congratulate you for publish­ "Ein Glass Wasser" by Scribe which deals bers to our meetings, details of which can oe ing, in your May issue, Margot Pottlitzer's ex­ obtained from Mrs. H. Lieser, 12 Grandon witb Queen Aime and her faithful adviser cellent and timely article on "the History Gardens, Wembley, and Mr. L. Dorffmann, Sarah, first Duchess of Marlborough, has of B'nai B'rith in Britain". It contains, how­ 26 Shirehall Gardens, N.W.4. been tumed into a fairly loud musical with ever, an error which I feel should be correct­ the subtitle "Barock and Roll". It was given ed. Mrs. Pottlitzer vrrites (on page 2, second SUSANNE HORWELL\ Prpsidents. a lively reception at Vienna's "Theater an der column) that the B'nai B'rith headquarters in WERNER M. LASH / Wien", and, in its present form, seems to be a Washington allocated, from German compen­ sation received, $60,000 (£21,500 at the time) GLASGOW CENTENARIAN topical and semi-educational work for the to the Leo Baeck Lodge, towards the provision younger generation. of a proper Lodge home. This is incorrect. The Mrs. Sabine Gottlieb, of 4 Glencaira Drive, Frankfort-Wiesbaden. Perhaps it is another i.21,500 was allocated to the District Grand Glasgow, celebrated her 100th birthday on concession to the young that these two cities Lodge, for use in building a B'nai B'rith Hillel Centre in London which, it was then May 12. Mrs. Gottlieb is being cared for most presented revivals of Schiller's "Kabale tmd thought may also serve as a home for the affectionately by her widowed daughter, Mrs. Liebe". Observers comment that the "Tragedy Leo Baeck Lodge. None of the compensation Yetty Ripper. Mrs. Gottlieb received a tele­ of young people" is seen as a problem of of 10 million DM, referred to by Mrs. Pottlit­ gram from the Queen and a Tree Certificate greatest importance to today's youth which zer, went to the Leo Baeck Lodge. The Lodge in her name was presented to her by the attempts to do their "ovra thiiig" against the contributed, however, in 1967 from its Trust Mutual Refugee Aid Society. The AJR ais" background of hypocrisy and prejudice. Fund a total of i.25,000 (an outright donation sent a telegram of good wishes.

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GERMAN BOOKS BOUGHT R |L g (ELECTRICAL I TH • IK. >a> INSTALLATIONS) k I 1^ Horweil Limited Art Literature; Topography; 199b Belsize Road, N.W.6 generally pre-war non classical LABORATORY & CLINICAL SUPPLIES B. HARRISON, 624 2646/328 2646 Rosslyn Hill Bookshop, 2 GRANGEWAY, KILBURN HIGH ROAD, LONDON, NW6 2BP Members: E.G.A. 62 Rosslyn Hill, N.W.S TELEPHONE: 01-328 1551 Tel.: 01-794 3180 N.I.G.E.I.C.

Published by the Association of Jewish Refugees in Great Britain, 8 Fairfax Mansions, London, NW3 6JY. 'Phone: General Office and Adminisfratio Homes: 01-624 9096/7, Employment Agency and Social Services Department: 01-624 4449. Printed at the Sharon Press, 61 Lilford Road, S.E.S.