Lepidoptera) În Ecosistemele Naturale Şi Antropizate Din Republica Moldova

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Lepidoptera) În Ecosistemele Naturale Şi Antropizate Din Republica Moldova MINISTERUL EDUCAȚIEI, CULTURII ȘI CERCETĂRII UNIVERSITATEA DE STAT „DIMITRIE CANTEMIR” ȘCOALA DOCTORALĂ ȘTIINȚE BIOLOGICE Cu titlu de manuscris C.Z.U.: 595.786-19 (478) (043.2) ȚUGULEA CRISTINA STAREA ACTUALĂ ŞI IMPORTANŢA FLUTURILOR DIN FAMILIA NOCTUIDAE (LEPIDOPTERA) ÎN ECOSISTEMELE NATURALE ŞI ANTROPIZATE DIN REPUBLICA MOLDOVA SPECIALITATEA 165.04 – ENTOMOLOGIE Teză de doctor în științe biologice Autorul: __________________ Conducător ştiinţific: __________________ DERJANSCHI Valeriu, doctor habilitat în biologie, profesor cercetător, specialitatea 165.04 – Entomologie CHIȘINĂU, 2020 1 © Țugulea Cristina, 2020 2 CUPRINS ADNOTARE...................................................................................................................... 5 ANNOTATION................................................................................................................. 6 LISTA TABELELOR………………………………………………………………….. 7 LISTA FIGURILOR…………………………………………………………………… 8 LISTA ABREVIERILOR................................................................................................ 11 INTRODUCERE.............................................................................................................. 12 1. ISTORICUL STUDIULUI, POZIŢIA SISTEMATICĂ ŞI DESCRIEREA GENERALĂ A NOCTUIDELOR DIN EUROPA ȘI REPUBLICA MOLDOVA . 18 1.1. Scurt istoric al studiului noctuidelor în Europa ........................................................... 18 1.2. Istoricul studiului noctuidelor în Republica Moldova ................................................. 20 1.3. Poziţia sistematică şi descrierea generală a noctuidelor......................................... 23 1.4. Concluzii la capitolul I................................................................................................. 31 2. MATERIALE, METODE DE CERCETARE ȘI CARACTERISTICA FIZICO- GEOGRAFICĂ A TERITORIULUI STUDIAT .......................................................... 32 2.1. Metode și situri de colectare a noctuidelor ................................................................. 32 2.2. Materiale şi tehnici de cercetare: preparare, fixare și stocare...................................... 38 2.3. Metode de analiză şi prelucrare statistică.................................................................... 42 2.4. Caracteristica condiţiilor fizico-geografice ale teritoriului studiat.............................. 44 2.5. Concluzii la capitolul 2................................................................................................ 49 3. DIVERSITATEA, RĂSPÂNDIREA GEOGRAFICĂ ȘI DISTRIBUŢIA BIOTOPICĂ A NOCTUIDELOR DIN REPUBLICA MOLDOVA........................... 50 3.1. Diversitatea faunistică a noctuidelor din Republica Moldova..................................... 50 3.2. Analiza zoogeografică a noctuidelor din Republica Moldova………………………. 56 3.3. Structura comunităților de noctuide în unele ecosisteme cercetate............................. 64 3.4. Distribuția biotopică a noctuidelor în ecosistemele naturale şi agrobiocenoze........... 67 3.5. Concluzii la capitolul 3................................................................................................ 77 4. PARTICULARITĂȚILE BIOECOLOGICE ȘI IMPORTANȚA NOCTUIDELOR DIN REPUBLICA MOLDOVA...................................................... 79 4.1. Influenţa factorilor ecologici asupra dezvoltării noctuidelor...................................... 79 4.1.1. Influența factorilor abiotici............................................................................... 80 4.1.2. Influența factorilor biotici................................................................................. 89 4.1.3. Influența factorilor antropici............................................................................. 93 3 4.2. Activitatea sezonieră a noctuidelor.............................................................................. 96 4.3. Spectrul ecologic al noctuidelor din Republica Moldova............................................ 102 4.4. Specializarea trofică a noctuidelor după stadiul de larvă............................................ 106 4.5. Importanța și rolul noctuidelor în ecosistemele naturale și agrobiocenoze................. 110 4.6. Speciile de noctuide periclitate și amenințate cu dispariția......................................... 125 4.7. Concluzii la capitolul 4................................................................................................ 135 CONCLUZII GENERALE ............................................................................................ 137 RECOMANDĂRI PRACTICE ..................................................................................... 139 BIBLIOGRAFIE............................................................................................................... 140 ANEXE ............................................................................................................................. 159 Anexa 1. Lista adnotată a noctuidelor din Republica Moldova......................................... 159 Anexa 2. Spectrul faunistic, răspândirea geografică și preferințele ecologice ale noctuidelor din Republica Moldova................................................................................... 202 Anexa 3. Diversitatea faunistică a noctuidelor din unele țări europene............................. 219 Anexa 4. Spectrul faunistic al noctuidelor colectate sistematic la capcana cu lumină....... 226 Anexa 5. Analiza sinecologică a faunei noctuidelor semnalate în Republica Moldova …. 236 Anexa 6. Specializarea trofică a noctuidelor (în stadiul de larvă) semnalate în Republica Moldova…………………………………………………………………………………... 242 Anexa 7. Relațiile gazdă – parazitoid ale noctuidelor din Republica Moldova…………. 248 Anexa 8. Conservarea noctuidelor la nivel European......................................................... 250 Anexa 9. Act de implementare........................................................................................... 261 Anexa 10. Diplome de participare la manifestări științifice............................................... 262 DECLARAŢIA PRIVIND ASUMAREA RĂSPUNDERII.......................................... 266 CURRICULUM VITAE AL AUTORULUI.................................................................. 267 4 ADNOTARE Țugulea Cristina. „Starea actuală şi importanţa fluturilor din familia Noctuidae (Lepidoptera) în ecosistemele naturale şi antropizate din Republica Moldova”, teză de doctor în științe biologie, Chişinău, 2020. Teza constă din introducere, 4 capitole, concluzii generale şi recomandări, bibliografie din 326 titluri, 10 anexe, 139 pagini de text de bază, 58 figuri, 12 tabele. Rezultatele obținute sunt publicate în 13 lucrări științifice. Cuvinte cheie: Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, diversitate, specii noi, specii rare, ecosisteme naturale, agrocenoze, relații trofice, dăunători, activitate sezonieră. Domeniul de studiu: 165.04 – entomologie. Scopul lucrării: evidenţierea stării actuale şi estimarea importanţei fluturilor din familia Noctuidae (Lepidoptera) în ecosisteme naturale şi agrobiocenoze din Republica Moldova. Obiectivele: identificarea componenţei de specii a noctuidelor pe teritoriul Republicii Moldova; stabilirea apartenenţei speciilor de noctuide la principalele grupe zoogeografice; repartizarea biotopică a noctuidelor în dependenţă de preferinţele ecologice; analiza spectrului trofic în stadiul de larvă al noctuidelor identificate; estimarea importanței ecologice a noctuidelor din ecosistemele naturale şi agrobiocenoze; elaborarea listei adnotate a noctuidelor din Republica Moldova. Noutatea şi originalitatea ştiinţifică. Pentru prima dată a fost efectuat un studiu amplu al noctuidelor din 17 subfamilii pe teritoriul Republicii Moldova, fiind colectați și analizați peste 11000 specimeni din 24 situri de colectare. Astfel, s-a stabilit că fauna noctuidelor (Noctuidae) din Republica Moldova constă din 425 specii, taxonomic încadrate în 169 genuri şi 17 subfamilii, dintre care 4 genuri şi 17 specii sunt noi pentru fauna ţării. Pentru prima dată a fost întocmită lista speciilor rare din familia Noctuidae, în număr de 11, care necesită protecție și conservare la nivel național. În premieră a fost analizată distribuţia biotopică, geografică şi spectrul trofic al noctuidelor, monitorizată dinamica sezonieră a zborului la capcana cu lumină albă şi ultravioletă și a fost întocmită lista adnotată a noctuidelor din Republica Moldova. Problema ştiinţifică a constat în stabilirea componenţei specifice, structurii ecologice şi particularităţilor funcţionării comunităţilor de noctuide în ecosistemele naturale şi agrobiocenozele din Republica Moldova. Semnificaţia teoretică. Rezultatele studiului faunei, ecologiei, importanței noctuidelor din Republica Moldova au o contribuţie valoroasă la cunoaşterea acestui grup taxonomic de lepidoptere. Datele despre speciile înregistrate pentru prima dată în fauna ţării constituie un aport semnificativ la completarea bazei de date informaţionale din Europa. Valoarea aplicativă. Rezultatele principale ale tezei sunt parte componentă a temei de cercetare ştiinţifico-fundamentală şi aplicativă a Institutului de Zoologie. Rezultatele investigaţiilor vor îmbogăţi patrimoniul teoretic şi empiric, privind diversitatea faunistică, structura spaţială, spectrul trofic şi dinamica sezonieră a noctuidelor în ecosistemele naturale şi agrobiocenoze. Implementarea rezultatelor ştiinţifice. Datele despre speciile de noctuide cu statut de dăunătoare culturilor agricole pot fi utilizate de către specialiști ca
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