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High Energy Physics Quantum Information Science Awards Abstracts Cosmos and Qubits Interplay of quantum information, thermodynamics, and gravity in the early Universe PI: Nishant Agarwal, University of Massachusetts-Lowell, Co-PIs: Adolfo del Campo, Archana Kamal (Massachusetts-Lowell); Sarah Shandera (Penn State) The Geometry and Flow of Quantum Information: From Quantum Gravity to Quantum Technology PI: Raphael Bousso, University of California- Berkeley Co-PIs: Ehud Altman, Ning Bao (UC Berkeley); Patrick Hayden (Stanford); Christopher Monroe (Maryland); Yasunori Nomura (UC Berkeley); Xiao-Liang Qi, Monika Schleier-Smith (Stanford); Irfan Siddiqi (LBNL); Brian Swingle (Maryland); Norman Yao, Michael Zaletel (UC Berkeley) Algebraic approach towards quantum information in quantum field theory and holography PI: Daniel Harlow, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Co-PIs: Aram Harrow and Hong Liu (MIT) Entanglement in string theory and the emergence of geometry PI: Veronika Hubeny, QMAP, University of Califonia-Davis Co-PIs: Mukund Rangamani, QMAP (UC Davis) Quantum Information in a strongly interacting quantum simulator: from gauge/string theory duality to analogue black holes PI: Martin Kruczenski, Purdue University Co-PIs: Chen-Lung Hung, Sergei Khlebnikov, Qi Zhou (Purdue) Entanglement in Gravity and Quantum Field Theory PI: Robert G. Leigh, Ph.D., University of Illinois Co-PI: Thomas Faulkner, Ph.D., University of Illinois Quantum error correction and spactime geometry PI: John Preskill, Caltech Co-PI: Patrick Hayden (Stanford) Holographic Quantum Simulation with Atomic Spins and Photons PI: Monika Schleier-Smith Co-PIs: Gregory Bentsen, Emily Davis, Avikar Periwal, Eric Cooper, Patrick Hayden Quantum Communication Channels for Fundamental Physics (QCCFP) PI: Maria Spiropulu, California Institute of Technology Co-PIs: C. Peña (Fermilab), D. Jafferis (Harvard) Quantum simulation: From spin models to gauge-gravity correspondence PI: Vladan Vuletic, MIT Co-PI: Mikhail Lukin (Harvard) Probing information scrambling via quantum teleportation Norman Y. Yao, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory/University of California-Berkeley Interplay of Quantum Information, Thermodynamics, and Gravity in the Early Universe Nishant Agarwal, University of Massachusetts Lowell Adolfo del Campo, University of Massachusetts Boston, Archana Kamal, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Sarah Shandera, The Pennsylvania State University The early Universe is a rich testbed of quantum gravity and out-of-equilibrium quantum physics in general. The goal of this proposal is to explore fundamental questions in both domains: quantum origins of the early Universe and strongly-interacting quantum matter. Under the first direction we will develop a fully quantum mechanical framework for the early Universe using an open system approach. In particular, we will focus on the non-Markovian vs. Markovian evolution of system modes, quantum correlations, and signatures in late-time observables. Further, we will use tools from quantum resource theory and thermodynamics to explore why it appears to be imperative to postulate a low entropy initial state of the Universe. Under the second direction we will investigate open quantum system dynamics in strongly- coupled qubit and oscillator systems. We will specifically focus on detailed studies of non- Markovian evolution, entanglement dynamics, and quantum backaction evasion in these systems, including experimental realizations and implications for gravity. Further, we will establish thermodynamics for chaotic quantum systems, with emphasis on the dynamics of information scrambling, and implications for black hole solutions in AdS/CFT and quantum gravity. The Geometry and Flow of Quantum Information: From Quantum Gravity to Quantum Technology Raphael Bousso, UC Berkeley (Principal Investigator) Ehud Altman, UC Berkeley; Ning Bao, UC Berkeley; Patrick Hayden, Stanford; Christopher Monroe, U. Maryland; Yasunori Nomura, UC Berkeley; Xiao-Liang Qi, Stanford; Monika Schleier-Smith, Stanford; Irfan Siddiqi, LBNL; Brian Swingle, U. Maryland; Norman Yao, UC Berkeley; Michael Zaletel, UC Berkeley (Co-Investigators) Research in quantum gravity has been accelerating thanks to powerful tools and insights from quantum information theory. At the same time, developments in quantum gravity are feeding back into quantum information science, leading to a rich interplay between these two fields. This collaboration aims to identify and develop nascent connections in key areas, including the black hole information problem and quantum information scrambling; the emergence of spacetime from entanglement via quantum error correcting codes; low energy applications and information theoretic interpretations of energy conditions originally derived in a quantum-gravitational context; and the dynamics of wormholes and its relation to quantum teleportation. A key feature of our collaboration is a focus on near term quantum devices: what are the quantum technologies that might arise from quantum gravity? Which puzzles about quantum gravity might be addressed with such quantum devices? A central organizing principle is the use of tensor networks, which were originally developed for understanding the structure of low- energy quantum states in nonrelativistic many-body systems. Quantum gravity research has shown that tensor networks can be used to model the emergence of spacetime geometry from an underlying quantum theory. At the same time, the appropriation of tensor networks for the study of quantum gravity and black holes has inspired novel applications elsewhere. Tensor networks can be calculational tools, useful not only for describing ground states, but also for elucidating the dynamics of quantum information in strongly coupled systems. As such, our collaborations is comprised of several distinct components. First, we have three distinct quantum device platforms, each with its unique advantages in probing quantum physics as inspired by holography and quantum gravity. Second, we have a team of high energy and quantum information theorists that are well-versed in (and in some cases, discovered) the emerging connections between quantum information and quantum gravity. Finally, we also have several experts in condensed matter/AMO physics to help translate these questions into a form that can be implemented by the experimental component of the collaboration. Examples of specific current projects include the study of scrambling, probing quantum energy conditions, studying the dynamics of quantum chaos, and benchmarking quantum error correcting codes inspired by holography. Algebraic approach towards quantum information in quantum field theory and holography PI: Daniel Harlow Co-PIs: Aram Harrow and Hong Liu This is a proposal for a two-year research grant from the DOE Office of Science to study connections between algebraic quantum field theory, holographic quantum codes, and approximate Markov states. These subjects have all been of much recent interest: the algebraic approach to quantum field theory has recently been used to prove remarkable general results such as the quantum null energy condition, and holographic quantum codes have given us a new perspective on classic problems in quantum gravity. In both cases the technical tools which lead to the new results can be understood as using the special properties of ``quantum Markov states''; states which saturate strong subadditivity. These states are also very interesting in quantum computing, with applications to quantum error-correction, efficient preparation of Gibbs states on quantum computers, efficient compression with side information, and many other areas. Our proposal is to do a combined study of these three issues, seeking to systematically understand the connections between them. We are optimistic that this will lead to many new insights about quantum field theory, quantum gravity, and quantum information. Entanglement in string theory and the emergence of geometry Veronika Hubeny, QMAP, UC Davis, (Principal Investigator) Mukund Rangamani, QMAP, UC Davis, (Co-Investigator) The proposed project seeks to elucidate the fundamental nature of spacetime by utilizing recently-gained insights from the AdS/CFT correspondence – a ‘holographic’ duality which relates a gravitational theory in asymptotically Anti-de Sitter (AdS) spacetime to a lower-dimensional conformal field theory (CFT), effectively living on the boundary of AdS. Since the CFT is a quantum field theory without gravity, in this context the primary aim translates to one of understanding how the bulk spacetime geometry actually emerges from the boundary CFT. Remarkably, progress over the past few years hints at profound relations to entanglement, a quintessentially quantum quantity. The key elements facilitating this connection are the Ryu- Takayanagi (RT), and its covariant generalization, the Hubeny-Rangamani-Takayanagi (HRT) prescription, for computing entanglement entropy for spatially organized degrees of freedom in the field theory in terms of areas of extremal surfaces in the bulk geometry. These prescriptions in fact capture the leading semi-classical answer for the entanglement entropy for a spatial region in a strongly coupled CFT. It is also known that the next sub-leading correction involves the entanglement between the gravitational degrees of freedom in the bulk geometry. These ideas have led to the important conceptual paradigm that entanglement is the underlying glue that binds together the geometric structure of the
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