GROWTH AND CHANGING STRUCTURE OF COMMERCIAL CENTERS IN CITY

BY

MUHAMMAD ADNAN

THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY

IN

GEOGRAPHY

DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY

THE ISLAMIA UNIVERSITY OF BAHAWALPUR

PAKISTAN

2009-2011

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Abstract

Commercial centers are the integral part of the cities. As the city grows, changes may occur in the structure of commercial centers. Same has happened with the commercial centers of Bahawalpur City. Many researchers and urban planners have contributed research on the development of commercial centers in the urban areas. In the present research an attempt has been made to study the spatiotemporal growth and structure of commercial centers in the City of Bahawalpur. The growth of commercial centers has taken place along the major road networks. Bahawalpur City has recorded an urban growth of more than five percent during the last two decades, as a result the functions and number of commercial centers has grown very rapidly. To understand the nature and number of commercial centers in the city, the comprehensive field survey was carried out and maps were prepared with the help of GIS softwares Arc GIS 9.3 and Arc view 3.2a. The commercial center of walled city was the major source of commercial activities up to 1970‟s. However, quick changes in commercial centers have occurred after 1980‟s. During this period the commercial centers of satellite town, Dubai Chowk, Hamatian and Fauji Basti developed along the major roads and residential areas. Similarly the new commercial plazas like Dubai plaza, Bobby plaza and Al-Karim plaza developed in late 1990‟s. These commercial markets have shown difference not only in the numbers but also the nature of the functions. Clusters of the shops on the basis of need, location and accessibilities have been analyzed. The city of Bahawalpur can be divided into six different commercial classes on the basis of some selected parameters. The nature, location, structure and dominant functions of the markets are described in the current research. To understand the growth and structure of commercial centers of the urban areas, classical theories of urban growth and structure like concentric zone theory, sector theory and multiple nuclei theory were applied. To describe the commercial centers of south Asian cities, Dutt concluded that cross road is the main focal point of commercial activities in the traditional cities. Huff described that commercial activities will be generated on the basis of need for the newly developed residential area. It has been observed that these theories are partially applicable to the City of Bahawalpur. Finally the suggestions and recommendations have been given for the more appropriate distribution and functioning of commercial activities in the city.

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Table of Contents

Contents Page No.

Dedication ...... i Undertaking...... ii Certificate ...... iii Acknowledgement ...... iv Abstract ...... v Table of Contents ...... vi List of Tables ...... ix List of Figures ...... x List of Maps ...... xi Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION...... 1-7 1.1 Geographical Setup ...... 3 1.1.1 Location ...... 3 1.1.2 Population Size and Growth ...... 4 1.1.3 Climate ...... 4 1.1.4 Flora and Fauna...... 5 1.1.5 Culture...... 5 1.2 Objectives ...... 6 Chapter 2 LITERATURE REVIEW ...... 8-21 Chapter 3 METHODOLOGY ...... 22-27 3.1 Selection of Topic ...... 23 3.2 Selection of Area ...... 24 3.3 Collection of Data ...... 24 3.4 Data Processing and Analysis ...... 25 3.5 Model Applications/ Theories and Models regarding Commercial Centers ...... 26

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3.6 Cartographical Work ...... 26 3.7 Limitations of the Research...... 26 Chapter 4 GROWTH AND CHANGES IN COMMERCIAL STRUCTURE OF BAHAWALPUR CITY ...... 28-32 4.1 Growth and Changing Structure of Commercial Centers Upto 1970 ...... 28 4.2 Growth and Changing Structure of Commercial Centers Upto 1990 ...... 30 4.3 Growth and Changing Structure of Commercial Centers Upto 2010 ...... 31 Chapter 5 COMMERCIAL STRUCTURE OF BAHAWALPUR CITY ...... 33-91 5.1 Walled City ...... 34 5.1.1 Shahi Bazar Bahawalpur ...... 35 5.1.2 Machlli Bazar Bahawalpur ...... 37 5.1.3 Rangeela Bazar ...... 39 5.1.4 Feteh Khan Bazar ...... 41 5.1.5 Commercial Centers on Zanana Hospital Road ...... 43 5.1.6 Circular Road Bahawalpur ...... 45 5.2 Model Town A, Model Town B, Model Town C and Satellite Town ...... 49 5.2.1 Commercial Centers in Satellite Town ...... 49 5.2.2 Commercial Centers in Model Town “A” ...... 52 5.2.3 Commercial Centers in Model Town “B” ...... 52 5.2.4 Commercial Centers in Model Town “C” ...... 53 5.3 Chowks/ Cross Road Commercial Centers ...... 56 5.3.1 Welcome Chowk ...... 56 5.3.2 Saraiki Chowk Bahawalpur ...... 60 5.3.3 Commercial Centers in Chekaan Wala Chowk ...... 62 5.3.4 Commercial Centers on Dubai Chowk ...... 64 5.3.5 Commercial Centers on University Chowk ...... 65 5.3.6 Commercial Centers on Sadar Puli Chowk ...... 67 5.3.7 Commercial Centers on Kali Puli Chowk ...... 70 5.3.8 Commercial Centers on One Unit Chowk ...... 72

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5.3.9 Commercial Centers on Hussani Chowk ...... 74 5.4 Local Commercial Centers ...... 76 5.4.1 Shahdra Market ...... 76 5.4.2 Mailay Wali Gali...... 79 5.4.3 Yazman Road Commercial Market ...... 81 5.5 Terminals ...... 82 5.5.1 Main Bus Terminals ...... 83 5.5.2 Stadium Road ...... 85 5.6 Special Market Centers ...... 87 5.6.1 Old Green Market ...... 88 Chapter 6 APPLICATION OF MODELS ...... 92-97 6.1 Concentric Zone Model ...... 92 6.2 Sector Model ...... 93 6.3 Multiple Nuclei Model ...... 94 6.4 Dutt Model ...... 95 6.5 Huff‟s Model of Retail Structure ...... 96 Chapter 7 CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS ...... 98-99 BIBLIOGRAPHY ...... 100-105 ANNEXURE ...... 106-107

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List of Tables

Tables Page No.

Table 5.1: Types of Shops in Shahi Bazar ...... 36 Table 5.2: Types of Shops in Machlli Bazar ...... 39 Table 5.3: Nature of the Shops in Rangeela Bazar ...... 41 Table 5.4: Types of Shops in Feteh Kahn Bazar ...... 43 Table 5.5: Types of Shops on Zanana Hospital Road ...... 44 Table 5.6: Types of Shops on Circular Road ...... 46 Table 5.7: Types of Shops in Satellite Town ...... 50 Table 5.8: Types of Shops in Model Town “B”...... 53 Table 5.9: Types of Shops in Model Town “C” ...... 54 Table 5.10: Types of Shops on Welcome Chowk ...... 57 Table 5.11: Types of Shops on Saraiki Chowk ...... 61 Table 5.12: Types of Shops on Chekaan Wala Chowk ...... 63 Table 5.13: Types of Shops on Dubai Chowk ...... 65 Table 5.14: Types of Shops on University Chowk ...... 66 Table 5.15: Types of Shops on Sadar Puli ...... 67 Table 5.16: Types of Shops on Kali Puli ...... 70 Table 5.17: Types of shops on Shops in One Unit Chowk ...... 72 Table 5.18: Types of Shops on Hussani Chowk ...... 74 Table 5.19: Types of Shops in Shahdra Market ...... 78 Table 5.20: Types of Shops in Maily Wali Gali ...... 80 Table 5.21: Nature of the Shops in Yazman Road ...... 82 Table 5.22: Types of Shops in Bus Terminal ...... 84 Table 5.23: Types of Shops in Stadium Road ...... 86 Table 5.24: Types of Shops in Old Green Market ...... 89

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List of Figures Figures Page No.

Figure 3.1: Theoretical Framework of Research ...... 23 Figure 5.1: Commercial Functions in Shahi Bazar ...... 36 Figure 5.2: Commercial Functions in Machlli Bazar ...... 39 Figure 5.3: Commercial Functions in Rangeela Bazar ...... 41 Figure 5.4: Commercial Functions in Feteh Khan Bazar ...... 43 Figure 5.5: Commercial Functions on Zanana Hospital Road ...... 45 Figure 5.6: Commercial Functions on Circular Road ...... 47 Figure 5.7: Commercial Functions in Satellite Town ...... 50 Figure 5.8: Commercial Functions in Model Town “B” ...... 53 Figure 5.9: Commercial Functions in Model Town “C” ...... 54 Figure 5.10: Commercial Functions on Welcome Chowk ...... 58 Figure 5.11: Commercial Functions on Saraiki Chowk ...... 61 Figure 5.12: Commercial Functions on Chekaan Wala Chowk ...... 63 Figure 5.13: Commercial Functions on Dubai Chowk ...... 65 Figure 5.14: Commercial Functions on University Chowk ...... 66 Figure 5.15: Commercial Functions on Sadar Puli Chowk ...... 68 Figure 5.16: Commercial Functions on Kali Puli ...... 70 Figure 5.17: Commercial Functions in One Unit Chowk ...... 72 Figure 5.18: Commercial Functions on Hussani Chowk ...... 75 Figure 5.19: Commercial Functions in Shahdra Colony ...... 78 Figure 5.20: Commercial Functions in Mailay Wali Gali ...... 80 Figure 5.21: Commercial Functions in Yazman Road ...... 82 Figure 5.22: Commercial Functions in Bus Terminal ...... 85 Figure 5.23: Commercial Functions in Stadium Road ...... 87 Figure 5.24: Commercial Functions in Old Green Market ...... 89 Figure 6.1: Concentric Zone Model ...... 92 Figure 6.2: Sector Model ...... 93

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List of Maps

Maps Page No.

Map 1.1: Location of in ...... 6 Map 1.2: Study Area (Bahawalpur City) ...... 7 Map 4.1: Bahawalpur City: Temporal Growth of Commercial Centers upto 1970 ...... 30 Map 4.2: Bahawalpur City: Temporal Growth of Commercial Centers Upto 1990 ...... 31 Map 4.3: Bahawalpur City: Temporal Growth of Commercial Centers upto 2010 ...... 32 Map 5.1: Commercial Structure of Bahawalpur City ...... 34 Map 5.2: Bahawalpur City: Location of Commercial Markets in Walled City ...... 35 Map 5.3: Bahawalpur City: Commercial Structure of Shahi Bazar ...... 37 Map 5.4: Bahawalpur City: Commercial Structure of Machlli Bazar ...... 38 Map 5.5: Bahawalpur City: Commercial Structure in Rangeela Bazar ...... 40 Map 5.6: Bahawalpur City: Commercial Structure of Feteh Khan Bazar ...... 42 Map 5.7: Bahawalpur City: Commercial Structure on Zanana Hospital Road ...... 44 Map 5.8: Bahawalpur City: Commercial Structure on Circular Road ...... 48 Map 5.9: Bahawalpur City: Location of Commercial Market in Model Town A, Model Town B, Model Town C and Satellite Town ...... 49 Map 5.10: Bahawalpur City: Commercial Structure in Satellite Town ...... 51 Map 5.11: Bahawalpur City: Commercial Structure in Model Town “B” ...... 52 Map 5.12: Bahawalpur City: Commercial Structure in Model Town “C” ...... 55 Map 5.13: Bahawalpur City: Location of Commercial Markets on Chowks (Cross Roads)...... 56 Map 5.14: Bahawalpur City: Commercial Structure on Welcome Chowk Map 5.15: Bahawalpur City: Commercial Structure on Saraiki Chowk...... 60 Map 5.16: Bahawalpur City: Commercial Structure on Chekaan Wala Chowk ...... 62 Map 5.17: Bahawalpur City: Commercial Structure on Dubai Chowk ...... 64 Map 5.18: Bahawalpur City: Commercial Structure on University Chowk ...... 67 Map 5.19: Bahawalpur City: Commercial Structure on Sadar Puli Chowk ...... 69 Map 5.20: Bahawalpur City: Commercial Structure on Kali Puli ...... 71 Map 5.21: Bahawalpur City: Commercial Structure in One Unit Chowk ...... 73 Map.5.22: Bahawalpur City: Commercial Structure in Hussani Chowk ...... 74 Map.5.23: Bahawalpur City: Location of Local Commercial Centers ...... 76

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Map.5.24: Bahawalpur City: Commercial Structure in Shahdra Colony ...... 77 Map.5.25: Bahawalpur City: Commercial Structure in Mailay Wali Gali ...... 79 Map 5.26: Bahawalpur City: Types of shops on Yazman Road ...... 81 Map.5.27: Bahawalpur City: Location of Commercial Centers in Terminals ...... 83 Map.5.28: Bahawalpur City: Commercial Structure in Bus Terminals ...... 84 Map 5.29: Bahawalpur City: Commerical Structure in Stadium Road...... 86 Map 5.30: Bahawalpur City: Location of Special Markets ...... 88 Map 5.31: Bahawalpur City: Commercial Structure in Old Green Market ...... 90 Map 6.1: Bahawalpur City: Application of Huff‟s Model ...... 96

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Chapter 1 1 INTRODUCTION

The geographers have been always interested to work on different phenomena spatial terms. Locations play a vital role for the success or failure of a business. The investors always invest their capital in such location which is easily accessible and famous for the local area. The customers prefer the market which has less distance and huge variety of goods. As population increase the need for the markets also increase. The present research is based on two main parts. In which one of them an attempt has been made to mention the commercial areas and their specialty. Bahawalpur City was selected as study area, as it is one of the fastest growing cities of south Punjab according to the commercial structure developments. For the sake of present research the commercial areas has been divided into three groups on the basis of functions performed, structure and location. The commercial functions and shops are divided into different classes and categories. The commercial structure had been divided as traditional Markets like walled city which is still the most significant commercial area of the Bahawalpur City, the occasional markets like green market, grain market and weekly markets like cattle market, Sunday market. Since 1990‟s a significant change in commercial areas on the commercial structure has been recorded, Plazas like Dubai plaza, Bobby plaza, and Al-karim plaza has been developed. Similarly local commercial centers like Model Town A, B, C, Satellite Town, Hamatian, Shahdra Chowk etc. The 2nd part of the research deals with the temporal growth of commercial centers of Bahawalpur City. The retail structure of a City maybe described in different ways as map technique is being used for current research purpose. The forces and factors behind the commercial growth were also discussed in detail.

In 1924 concentric Zone Model was developed by Earnest Burges. This model deals with the growth pattern of city structure. The center most part of the city is called center business district (CBD). All major functions are performed here. A research work has been done on the location of retail centers within a city. This research deals with the importance of location for the selection of commercial market. It developed a retail model and mentioned two levels of stores. One of them is single store and other is multi store location level. In single store level the individual items of goods are available on the other hand in multi store the different

1 companies are interested to launch large stores where a variety of different goods available in one roof (Kohsaka, 1986).

A retail model for the choice of goods was defined. In this model it is claimed that the demand of goods depends on the elasticity of distance. As distance increase, the demands of goods minimize. He proved his model with the help of restaurant chain where a variety of food available. Population is also an important factor for the development of a market because it has significant impact on demographic study, socioeconomic conditions and customer‟s behavior (Good, 1984).

Bahawalpur was the princely state of Pakistan. The Abbasi Nawabs ruled over there. In 1954 it joined Pakistan and become a part of Punjab Province. It was divided into three districts namely Bahawalpur, Rahim Yar Khan and Bahawalnagar. Bahawalpur is the capital city of Bahawalpur District. It is situated on the main railway line between Karachi and . The national highway “N5” joined it with other main cities of the country. Bahawalpur is located south of the River and it lies in the Cholistan region. It is situated 90 km from Multan, 420 km from Lahore and about 700 km from the national capital Islamabad. It was the capital of the former Royal state of Bahawalpur.

Bahawalpur town was built by Amir Bahawal Khan in 1747 A.D and he named it after his name. This was built at the site of a deserted village Bahamanabad existing when the territory was conquered by the father of the founder of the town. A great mud wall was built around the city, which had six main gates. This was similar to Indian town. It was irregularly built, divided in to four sections by two main roads going from east to west from Bekaneri Gate (now Farid Gate) to Shikar Puri Gate and north to south from Multani Gate to Deraweri Gate, Bohar Gate and Mori Gate.

The town remained confined for a long period with in the walls having entrances for different gates. The town was extended in 1943 and a proper town planning scheme was prepared for Bahawalpur City. In 1874 Bahawalpur Municipal Board was established. In 1875 Noor Mehal was built by Sir Sadiq Muhammad Khan for his residence.

The Nawab Sir Sadiq Muhammad Khan Abbasi V was a man of ideas. He invited many educated people particularly and also others to settle in Bahawalpur. He allots them residential and agriculture land free of cost. The Nawab also invited many town planners and architectures

2 from the state of Nizam of Hyderabad to plane and develop Bahawalpur City. The model towns “A, B, C” were developed through the planning strategy of these planners. In 1947 when Pakistan came into existence, many Muslims migrated from India to Bahawalpur. For the settlement of these people Model town “B”, Mujhar colony and Shahdra colony was planned. Formally Bahawalpur City was the capital of the state. Now it is the Divisional Headquarter of the Division and Districts Headquarter to District Bahawalpur. consists of three Districts namely Rahim Yar Khan, Bahawalnagar and Bahawalpur. District Bahawalpur consists of five Tehsil such as Bahawalpur Tehsil, Hasilpur Khairpure Tamewali and . The district Bahawalpur is land locked area. In the south and east the Cholistan reaches the India boarder where as in the north it runs parries to the southern part of the Punjab plains and river Sutlej make a common border with the and Muzaffargrah district.

The Bahawalpur city is a rapidly growing city of south Punjab according to commercial structure development. The regional commercial centers, traditional bazars, plazas and occasional markets are located in Bahawalpur City. The circular road, Satellite Town, Model Town “A, B, C” Shahi Bazar and Islami Colony are the main commercial areas.

The Huff‟s model is a spatial interaction model; it depends on the calculation of distance as in the gravity model. In the present research an effort has been made to see the application the Huff‟s Model of retail structure.

1.1 Geographical Setup

In geographical setup the brief description of location, area, population, climate and economic condition of the Bahawalpur District are mentioned.

1.1.1 Location

As regard of Bahawalpur, it lies between latitude 27o 48’ N and 29o 50’ N, and longitudes 70o and 50’ E .As regard it‟s referred or relative location (Map1.1). The district forms one of southern province of Punjab and is situated almost in the center of the country at the eastern boarder an elevation of 152 meters from the sea level. The general slope of the district is gentle with an average gradient of 0.1 meter a kilometer. The average length from north to south is about 170 km and breath from west is 139 km.

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The district is bounded on the north Lodhran, Multan and district on the east by and India, on the south by also India and Muzaffargrah district. It is having an average height of 384 feet above sea level. The total area of Bahawalpur district is 24,830sq kms. The Ahmadpur east Tehsil is contain an area of 1707 sq. kms, Bahawalpur contains an area of 2,372sq km, contain an area of 1,372 sq. kms, Khairpure Tamewali Tehsil contain an area of 888 sq. kms and Yazman contain an area of 18491sq kms.

The district Bahawalpur is all side land locked. In the south and east the Cholistan reaches the India boarder where as in the north it runs parries to the southern part of the Punjab plains and river Sutlej make a common border with the Lodhran and Muzaffargrah district.

1.1.2 Population Size and Growth

The total population of Bahawalpur district was 2,433,091 as enumerated in March during 1998 census. The 27.01% were urban Bahawalpur district covers 24,830 km². Approximately two-thirds of the district (16,000 km²) is covered by the Cholistan Desert. The district is a major producer of cotton and it can be divided in to three parts i.e. the river rain area and plain area and the desert area. The average annual rate was 3.07 percent during this period. The total area of district is 24,830 sq. kms which gives population density of 98 people per square kilometers as against 59 persons observed in 1981 indicating a fast growth rate.

1.1.3 Climate

The climate is extremely hot and dry in summer and cold and dry in winter. Temperature and rainfall: the summer season start in the April and continue in October may June and July is the hottest month of. The maximum temperature is 42 degree centigrade and minimum temperature is 28 centigrade. December January are the coldest months. The maximum temperature is 22 degree centigrade and minimum temperature is 6 degree. The month of November, February and March are pleasant. Dust storm is frequent during summer months.

The annual precipitation is 125 to 200 millimeters. Which usually occur during monsoon season that is July and august the average rainfall is 10 to 25 cm because Bahawalpur is the tail of the monsoon region. Only Sutlej River flows in the north side of this district. Its length is 176 km from head of Islam to head Punjnad.

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1.1.4 Flora and Fauna

In Bahawalpur district different vegetation species are formed which also contain botanical names. Plant spices like Jand, Chimber and Caram. In Cholistan area Wolf, Dear, Blackbuck, Blue Bull is found .Fox, Jackal, Hare Wild Cat, Mole and Wild Rates are in abundance. Lark Owl, Bashin, Tamtri Pigeon and Crow and Parrot are also in abundance. The snakes which are found here are of various spices namely Kala Mushki, Sangchoor, Dhobi, Lundi, Kharpa, and Jalebi etc. In these the Lundi Kharpa and Kala Mushki are the most poisonous and there bite is very fated. Frog is most common and is found throughout the district.

1.1.5 Culture

The dress usually women wear Ghagra, cotton shirt and Chunni. The dress of Rohi-Men is Chaddar and Kurta. They wear turban on their head while women wear Shalwar and Kameez. Wheat is the staple food but millet, maize and rice are also liked. Siraiki is the predominant language being spoken in the district, representing 64.3% of the population, followed by Punjabi spoken by 28.4%, 5.5% and Pashto 0.6%, while others speak Sindhi, Balochi, Bravi, Dari etc.

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Map 1.1: Location of Bahawalpur District in Pakistan

1.2 Objectives

Following were the main objectives of the study;

1. To analyze the pattern of temporal growth and the forces and factors behind the growth of commercial centers of Bahawalpur City.

2. To examine the spatial variation in the context of structure of commercial centers.

3. To examine the similarities and dissimilarities between the various models and theories regarding the commercial centers of Bahawalpur city.

On the basis of objective the following questions were aroused;

How the commercial structure of Bahawalpur City is similar or different from the other cities of Pakistan? What is the growth pattern of commercial structure of Bahawalpur City? Similarly what type of model can be understood to describe the commercial structure of

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Bahawalpur? The map 1.2 shows the study area of current research. The major commercial centres are mentioned with the help of labels.

Map 1.2: Study Area (Bahawalpur City)

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Chapter 7

7 CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS

Bahawalpur City is one of the old cities of Southern Punjab. Due to geographical location it has specific importance in the field of socioeconomic, political and culture values of Punjab as well as in Pakistan. In the past Bahawalpur city was the Capital of Bahawalpur State. As being the Capital City of the Bahawalpur State the city was facilitated with national highway, railway line, airport, hospital, educational facilities and many other renowned institutes of the time. Due to these attractive facilities the people of surrounding cities migrated towards Bahawalpur City. As a result of this migration the city becomes the one of the rapidly growing city of Punjab. As population increase the needs of services, foods, cloths, health facilities and educational institutions also increase with the passage of time. To fulfill these requirements, more and more commercial centers developed along the accessible points of the city.

In the present research the growth of commercial centers has been described in detailed. It is concluded that the nature of functions depend upon the structure of the markets. Because some functions are needed large size of shops, parking place and easy accessibility, while some functions got there successive point within small shops, flow of pedestrian instead of vehicles. Similarly some commercial centers have variety of modern goods, while some markets are famous for traditional goods.

Current research shows how the commercial center has been developed gradually. In the beginning there is only one main market in the whole city which is located inside the walled city and known as Shahi Bazar but with the passage of time new markets in different localities of the city have been developed. The markets of different functions developed in different areas of the city according to the requirements. For example at Bus Terminal there is a large market of Auto Stores, workshops and motor agents. Similarly on the circular road in front of Bahawal Victoria hospital there is a chain of medical stores. Machlli Bazar is famous for jewelry because it is situated near Rangeela Bazar which is the main market for female shopping. On the other hand old green market road has a large market of pesticide and seeds of different crops. In the present

98 research all functions and markets are divided into different clusters according to their specialty. Here an attempt has been made to show the whole data through maps and graphs. The development of commercial centers with the passage of times is the result of urbanization.

The results are designed under the light of different theories and models related to retail structure. The concentric zone model, sector model, Central Place Theory, Land Value Theories and Huff‟s Model of Retail Structure are mainly focused to draw the conclusion. After in depth study of different theories and models it is concluded that the Huff‟s Model of Retail Structure are applicable to some extent in Bahawalpur City. Finally it is suggested that the new investors can invest their capital to follow the maps which show the clusters of functions along the various roads of the city. As new commercial centers developed near new settlements, so people prefer nearby markets instead of traditional market. Similarly due to high land value it is suggested that investors can develop vertical markets to increase their capital. Location and structure is also play a vital role to start a business. For example if a person wants to start car showroom, he needs big shop having parking place, wide road and huge front area but on the other hand if a person wants to open a jewelry shop, he can use small shop having no parking place and narrow street.

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