A Legal Analysis on the State of Land Evictions in Uganda
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A LEGAL ANALYSIS ON THE STATE OF LAND EVICTIONS IN UGANDA BY IRAMA RASHID 1153-01024-02238 A RESEARCH REPORT SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF LAW IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF A BACHELORS DEGREE IN LAW OF KAMPALA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY JUNE, 2019 DECLARATION I, Irama Rashid Reg. No. 1153-01024-02238 declare to the best of my knowledge that this research report is truly my original and has not been submitted in the fulfillment for any award of a degree in any other Institution of Higher Learning or University, so it is entirely out of my own efforts. -n;; Signature ... ~ • Date .. ./ .'r.. .. ..~f.? . .: .. ?.-!> 1 9 • IRAMA RASHID APPROVAL This is to certify that this research report is done under my supervision and it is now ready for submission to the school of Law, Kampala International University with my approval. ..:u5ja.£;{a /9 Signature.~ Date .............................. !.. MR. AFUNADUULA ISAAC ii DEDICATION I dedicate this work to my ailing father Mr. Haruna Taban who has injected numerous resources towards this particular undettaking. Admittedly, this course has enriched my experience and understanding, and you have done an incredible job. You have exactly done what a loving parent can ever do to his son. I wish to firmly state that you have displayed a true quality of fatherhood by starting a legacy to this chosen generation. The civilized world now sees the prudence of a father in you. It was not easy to acquire this legal personality amidst serious financial hiccups; but you hoped beyond pain and found this answer by your design rather than by accident. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT With all honor I thank the Almighty Allah for the journey He has made me go through all from my tender age till this achievement, His strength, life and provision, am so grateful. I extend my profound appreciation to my junior brother Mr. Anyovi Joseph who massively supported my tuition through his Nostrils. Most of all I thank yon for helping me conceive this idea of the project and above all for having remained assertive to me throughout this rigorous engagement. It depicts your unfailing quality of natural love and kindness you have long been known for, and which you have explicitly exhibited with all your due diligence. I deeply respect your move to not only update my knowledge but also to enable me attain this Golden standard. Not only did you do what the occasion demanded but also you did what it timely required. You are the only blessing I had for having accepted to agonize with me throughout this engagement for which you cannot be practically rewarded. This particular work would not have been produced if it were not for the sacrifices of many of you people from different works of life, my relative, my dear wife Madam Ajio Vicky and baby Nyamaza Vivian. You all protected me and provided all the related necessities to me while in the university. Thank you and may Allah surely bless you. I appreciate the tactical and technical instruction from my supervisor Mr. Isaac Afunaduula, I am deeply thankful for your relentless advice that has enabled this work take its shape. I thank all my friends Mr. Ben Mugisha, Mr. Dromati David and many others who had been there for me since I started my studies in the university. Lastly I am grateful entirely to the Kampala International University staff hierarchy for your various contributions that made my stay in the school a memorable moment. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION ................................................................................ ............................................. i APPROVAL ............. ........... ...... ..................................................................................................... ii DEDICATION ............................................................................................................................... iii CHAPTERONE ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Background ofthe study ........................................................................................................... 1 1.3 Problem statement. ............................. .. ................................................. .................................... 2 1.4 Purpose ofthe study ................................................................................... ............................... 4 1.5 Specific Objectives ................. .. ................................................................................................ 4 1.6 Scope ofthe Research ............................................................................................................... 5 1.7 Methodology ...................................... ..................... ..................................... ............................. 5 1.8 Literature Review ..... ..................................................... ................................................. ........... 6 CHAPTER TWO .......................................................................................................................... 8 EXISTING LAWS AND POLICIES ON ENCROACHMENT, EVICTION AND RESETTLEMENT ....................................................................................................................... 8 2. 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 8 2.2 National laws on encroachment, eviction and resettlement ................................................. .. ... 9 2.3 The Land Act of 2007 as amended ..... ............................................ .. .. .................................... I 0 2.4 The National Forestry and Tree Planting Act, 2003 ............................................................... 11 2.5 The National Forestry Policy and the National Forest Plan, 2002 ... ...................... ................ 11 2.6 International laws relevant for under taking eviction and resettlement processes .................. 12 2.6.1 International law in Uganda ................................................................................................. 12 2.6.2 International instruments ................................................................................................ ..... 13 2.7 International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 1976 ............................................................................... 14 2.8 African Charter on Human and Peoples Rights and Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 ................................................................................................ .......................... 14 2.9 The capitalist era in Uganda and Evictions ..... ........................... ............................................. 15 CHAPTER THREE .................................................................................................................... 18 THE HUMAN RIGHTS, LEGAL, POLICY AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORKS AND EVICTIONS ...................................................................................................................... 18 3.1 International Human Rights Law and Eviction: A Brief.. ............................. .............. .. ......... 18 3.2 A Historical prelude of the Legal, Policy Frameworks and Evictions ................................... 20 3.3 The Contemporary Legal and Policy and Institutional framework Analysis ........ ................. 22 3.4 Payment of nominal ground rent and termination of tenancy ................................................. 24 3.5 Compulsory Land Acquisition and Compensation ................................................................. 30 v 3.6 The Uganda National Land Policy and Evictions ................................................................... 31 CHAPTER FOUR.......................•..............•.................................•..................•........................... 36 EFFECTIVE ANALYSIS OF CASES OF EVICTION FROM LAND IN UGANDA ......... 36 4.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 36 4.1 The international dimension and players ................................................................................ 36 4.2 The Local dimension ............................................................................................................... 3 8 4.2.1 Infrastructure development driven evictions& city face lift ................................................. 38 4.2.2 Environmental conservation and development verses land rights protection ...................... 41 4.2.3 Mineral prospecting, oil exploration and exploitation related eviction ............................... 43 4.2.4 Consequences of eviction and Constrained access on the livelihoods of the evicted people . ....................................................................................................................................................... 45 4.2.4.1 User rights ......................................................................................................................... 45 4.2.4.2 Resource access ...............................................................................................................