Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) Special Issue-11: 3830-3839

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Special Issue-11 pp. 3830-3839 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com

Review Article

A Review on Preparation of Natural Dye and Herbal Gulal from Beta vulgaris and Study of its Dyeing Properties

Suman Sahu1*, Shashikant Tiwari1 and Trishla Sahu2

1BRSM College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology and Research Station, Mungeli Indira Gandhi Agricultural University, Raipur, C.G., India 2Department of Agricultural Processing and Food Engineering, SV CAET & RS, FAE, IGKV, Raipur-492012, C.G., India *Corresponding author

ABSTR ACT

To extract natural dye for fabrics with keeping the eco-friendly extraction procedure. We have chosen the Beta vulgaris (beetroot fruit) for extraction of natural dye and K e yw or ds making the herbal gulal. Three types of techniques used for extraction of natural dye

Beta from beetroot i.e. aqueous technique, acidic technique and alkaline technique and Vulgaris(beetroot), extract total six numbers of samples. Also, analyze the extracted natural dye such as natural dye, gulal, solvents, cotton percentage yield, absorbance maxima and wavelength etc. And result shows that the and polyester dye obtained through alkaline extraction has better colour strength i.e. maximum fabrics, UV/VIS colour intensity at 3M NaOH. We have also studied the dyeing properties in cotton and digital polyester fabrics by using different solvents such as potassium dichromate, iron spectrophotometer, distilled water, sulphate heptahydrate, hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide. We have also analysed wheat and rice the effect of potassium dichromate and iron sulphate heptahydrate on dyeing properties flour of natural dye. The herbal gulal has also made by using beetroot extract with wheat and

rice flour.

Introduction leaves by Romans, they ate its leaves as food, which called as Roman beet. The beetroot is the taproot portion of the Roman beets were white or black in beet plant, usually known in North colour but today deep red or yellow America as the beet, also table beet, colour beets are also available. garden beet, red beet, or golden beet. It is one of several of the cultivated varieties It is mainly cultivated in Haryana, Uttar of Beta vulgaris grown for their edible Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Maharashtra taproots and their leaves called beet and Tamil Nadu. Beetroot Helps lower greens. These varieties have been blood pressure, may improves muscles classified as B. vulgaris sub-species power in people with heart failure, may Vulgaris Conditiva group (Cultivar prevent cancer, Good sources of group). Beta is the ancient Latin name for potassium and other minerals, also beets, possibly of Celtic origin. In 15th reduce cholesterol & Provides vitamin C century Beets were cultivated for their and supports your liver.

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Natural dyes the gathered trial, three types of extraction technique had been followed. These The art of making natural dyes is one of the techniques are aqueous, acidic, and alkaline oldest known to man and dates back to the technique. The beetroot fruits was collected, dawn of civilization. In India, there are more then soaked with water over night and then than 450 plants that can yield dyes. In boiled. The liquid material or dyes were used addition to their dye-yielding characteristics, for the experiments. For the dye extraction, some of these plants also possess medicinal organic solvents such as HCL, NaOH, were value. Due to lack of availability of precise used. technical knowledge on the extracting and dying technique, it has not commercially And to prepare natural gulal or abeer we use succeeded like the synthetic dyes. We can wheat flour and rice flour. These flours are either use chopped beets, beet juice or beet added with different concentrations of root powder to dye natural fabric. beetroot juice prepared by aqueous technique. Then this solution is mixed it properly and Several parts of this plant are used in makes small balls of this flour. These balls medicinal system such as anti-oxidant, anti- are sun dried for 2-3 days and then balls are depressant, anti-microbial, anti-fungal, and crushed and fine grind by grind. anti-inflammatory. Natural dye Natural dyes are not harmful to environment. Natural dyes are obtained from renewable Kannanmarikani et al., (2015) studied that sources that can be harnessed without according to dye yield and fastness properties imposing harm to the environment. Some the plant was chosen for fabric dyeing. We natural dyes, such as carmine found in are chosen the plant Lawsonia inermis to , will not cause harm or health color the fabrics in this work. First, the dye problems when ingested. Natural dyes are was obtained through the extraction methods produced from plant tissues and fungal and studied the physicochemical properties of species. the dye. The dyeing properties were optimized for colouring the cotton and cotton Natural or organic gulal or a beer thread. In this work, we found the red dye obtained through alkaline extraction has Gulal, also known as Abeer, is the traditional better colour strength. During dyeing the name given to the coloured powders used for fabrics showed brighter color after 24 hours. the typical Hindu rituals, in particular for the Still due to its nontoxic and eco-friendly Holi festival. features the dye can be an effective natural dye for clothing. Organic colours which are made of him consist of natural components like fruits, Amlepatil et al., (2015) studied that to extract leaves, stems, and flowers which are skin- natural color from various novel techniques friendly. They are also eco-friendly and do of extraction especially ultrasonication and not cause harm to the environment. These microwave assisted extraction techniques and colors are as easy on clothes as they are on their efficiency and suitability. Colour is one the skin and disappear after a simple of the crucial factors for the consumer’s washing, and they protect the and skin. acceptability of any processed foods. The To prepare the particular natural color dye on potential sources of coloring pigments are

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Betalain and Betacyanins are present in Beet (B. vulgaris L.var cicla L.) as well as finding root and Amaranth respectively. Extraction of the best drying techniques for label these natural color used various novel producing. This label was produced from techniques like ultrasonic assisted extraction, chitosan and chitosan – polyvinyl alcohol microwave assisted extraction. Betalain (PVA). Two form (chitosan and chitosa- pigment can be used as a natural additive for PVA) films were compared to its properties. food, and drugs in the form of beet Three drying techniques were carried out in juice as well as beet powder and Amaranth this experiment, i.e. oven blower, oven plant can be a good source of antioxidants. vacuum and freeze drying. A result showed Jha et al.,(2015) studied that in this study, that films made from chitosan-PVA has the natural colorants mainly flavonoids and appearance of a more clear, shiny, and looks carotenoids present in the Marigold flower more refined than the indicators of chitosan (Tagetes erecta L.) were extracted using films. The use of beet extract as dyes of color Soxhlet extraction method and other indicator did not allowed for the drying in conventional techniques under different conjunction with the film solution. Natural operating conditions. Spectrophotometric dye staining technique that can still be used method based on the Aluminium complex as an indicator dye in smart packaging was formation was used for the determination of freeze drying in temperature of -10°C. total flavonoids concentration in the extracts Indicators with natural dyes of beet of different solvents used. The dye potential responded through changes in color of the of the colorants obtained from the marigold storage temperature. Color changes that occur was evaluated by coloring pure cotton fabrics in the film made from chitosan had a and the yarns of pure cotton and wool. The vulnerable time longer in the retention time surface color of the dyed fabrics and yarns than films made from chitosan-PVA. was not affected by washing. These study reveal that marigold dye can serve as a Yeniocak et al., (2015) developed an eco- potential source of natural colorant which can friendly wood stained extracted from beetroot be used in textile industry for dyeing purpose. (Beta vulgaris) and determined the color stability of stain to UV light irradiation. Daberao et al., (2016) studied that there are Natural dye stuff were extracted from huge numbers of process to do coloration. beetroot by ultrasonic-assisted method and Natural and man-made colors are also used. prepared from aqueous solution with ferrous The natural dyes are extracted and fabric sulphate, aluminium sulphate, copper dyeing is analyzed by applying dye on 100% sulphate and vinegar mordant mixes. Scots pure cotton. At first stage we extract dye spine (Pinus sylvestris), oriental beech from Butea Monosperma. This dye was (Fagous orientalis), oak (Quercus petraea) extracted with the help of boiling method. and walnut (Juglans regia) wood specimens We find out yellow color from Butea were used for this study. Wood specimens monosperma. The fabric dyed with extracted were exposed to UV irradiation for periods of dye by using alum as a mordant. The dyed 50,100 and 150 hours. Results showed that fabric tested for rubbing fastness, washing the color change values for all wood fastness, perspiration fastness etc. specimens colored with beetroot extract had better performance compared to synthetic Warsiki et al., (2013) studied that the purpose dye. Therefore, alternative to synthetic dyes of this research is to study and develop smart more economical and eco-friendly, wood packaging by addition of natural dyes of beet paints may be developed.

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Siva et al., (2007) studied that in India, there according to traditional method. In line with are more than 450 plants that can yield dyes. this aim, the materials were dyed with Indians have been considered as forerunners madder (Rubia tinctorium L.), walnut in the art of natural dying. In addition to their (Juglans regia L.), weld (Reseda luteola) and dye-yielding characteristics, some of these indigo. In consequence of the research; color plants also possess medicinal value. Though names, color values, light and rubbing there is a large plant resource base, little has fastness of fifteen samples were determined. been exploited so far. Due to lack of The results of the research were evaluated availability of precise technical knowledge on statistically using SPSS programme. the extracting and dying technique, it has not commercially succeeded like the synthetic Sundrarajan et al., (2011) studied that dyes. In this article we reviewed the marigold and were used for the availability of natural dyes, their extraction, extraction of the natural dye material. The applications, mordant types, advantages and method appropriate for natural dye dyeing on disadvantages. knitted cotton was found to be premordanting by studying with other methods such as Ding et al., (2017) studied that cotton fibres simultaneous and post mordanting method. can be dyed through the formation of The colour develop range on dyed materials coordinate bonds involving cellulose chains, is evaluated by dye uptake measurement and mordants such as alum, and natural dyes such the improvement of colour strength on fabric as alizarin. Similarly, synthetic dyes known using mordants was also examined. Marigold as mordant acid dyes can be used to dye wool with tannic acid and pomegranate rind fibres. In dying method using mordant and produced good dye uptake and fastness natural dyes raise the possibility of using properties. All the mordant fabric showed mordant dyes as alternatives to natural dyes good dye uptake. in the dyeing of cotton. The results of this study indicate that shades comparable with Ali et al., (2008) studied that the alkaline those produced by natural dyes can be conditions for extraction of natural dye from obtained on cotton using select mordant dyes Henna leaves were optimized and the following Fe2+ and Al3+ pretreatments. The resulting extract was used to further optimize best results were obtained using a two- its dyeing conditions on cotton by exhaust step/two-bath process and dyes such as Cl method. It was found that dyeing produced Mordant Blue 13 and Cl Mordant Orange 6. with alkaline extracts of Henna leaves have The fastness properties of these dyes must be better colour strength than the dye extract improved in order to produce commercially obtained in distilled water. Furthermore, viable dyeing. dyeing with alkaline extracts have moderate to good fastness properties and that Dogan et al., (2018) studied that natural mordanting did not result in any significant dyeing has been an avocation performed in improvement in fastness properties. Finally, the Anatolia region for centuries and can be in comparative studies between synthetic and used for dyeing of different materials. In this this natural dye, it was inferred that natural study, it is aimed to expose color values, dye has good potential to act as co-partner color named, light and rubbing fastness of the with synthetic dye. Kumar et al., (2016) colors that were obtained as a result of dyeing studied that nowadays, demand for natural three different materials (wool yarn, cotton dyes has been developing rapidly due to fabric and paper) with some natural dyes increased awareness on hazardous, toxic and

3833 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) Special Issue-11: 3830-3839 allergic reactions associated with artificial some commonly used antioxidants and UV dyes. Natural dyes are obtained from natural absorber on the light fastness of these dyes. A sources such as plants, insects and minerals. poor light fastness of the three natural dyes in This paper reviews the available floral dye comparison with synthetic ones is established source, application and removal of colorant beyond question. Never the less, the use of from flowers and effect of different mordant. some additives can improve this default of Floral dye sources are more important for natural dyes. In all the cases, the use of UV textile dyeing as it offers both dye as well as absorbers or antioxidants improved the light smell. fastness of dyed fabrics. The most effectives were the vitamin C and the gallic acid. Gokhale et al., (2004) studied that at present total market of herbal dyes is to the tune of Wells et al., (2013) studied that historically US $ 1 billion and is growing tremendously many dye plants were once regarded to at the rate of 12% per annum. Per capita possess “magical properties” with the power consumption of dyes is 400g to 15 Kg in to heal and to keep evil away. Today many of developed and underdeveloped countries for these plants that can be used for dye their utility in paints, inks, textiles, polymers, extraction are classified as medicinal and in etc. Nature has gifted us more than 500 recent studies have been shown to process colour yielding plants. The present paper is remarkable anti-microbial, anti-fungal, anti- an aid to a collective enquiry into the Indian viral activity. The now dye yielding plants, their parts and chemical employs many natural dyes due to the fact constituents. India is a major exporter of they will cause fewer side effects than the herbal dyes mostly due to ban on production employment of synthetic dye stuffs but they of some of the synthetic dyes and can also provide extra properties such as UV intermediates in the developed countries due protection, skin moisturizing and anti-aging. to pollution problem. Chengaiah et al., (2010) studied that the Samanta et al., (2009) This paper reports the worldwide demand for natural dyes is studies available on the characterization and nowadays of great interest due to the chemical/biochemical analysis of natural increased awareness on therapeutic properties dyes; extraction of colorants from different of natural dyes in public. Among the all natural sources; effects of different mordants natural dyes, plant-based pigments have wide and mordanting methods; conventional and range of medicinal values. Many of the plants non-conventional methods of natural dyeing; used for dye extraction are classified as physico-chemical studies on dyeing process medicinal and some of these have recently variables and dyeing kinetics. The chemical been shown to possess remarkable modification of textile substrate for antimicrobial activity. improving dye ability, attempts for improvement in overall colour fastness The present review, describes the detail properties and survey of some traditional information about basic chemistry of the processes of natural dyeing in different parts major pigments and their medicinal of India have also been discussed. importance found in naturally occurring dye yielding plants, which are helpful to further Cristea et al., (2006) studied that the development of pharmaceutical formulations. objective of this study were to evaluate the light fastness of selected natural dyes Jothi et al., (2008) studied that marigold (madder, weld and woad) and the effect of flowers, which are yellow to orange red in

3834 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) Special Issue-11: 3830-3839 colour, are a rich source of lutein, a synthetic fibers. However, some good fast carotenoid pigment. This pigment has colors were obtained. Natural dyes have acquired greater significance because of its limitations of fastness, and brilliancy of excellent colour value. In this study, an shade. Therefore, in present work, use of experiment was conducted to study the use of metallic mordant was investigated to produce an extract isolated from marigold as a natural depth of shade, bright and fast colors. dye. The dye potential of the extract was evaluated by dyeing, using the flower, in Natural Gulal or a beer 100% cotton and silk fabrics under normal dyeing conditions. The surface colour was Bhatnagar et al., (2018) studied about festival not affected by washing, and the quality of called Holi and its hazardous ocular effects at the flower was maintained even washing at tertiary care ophthalmic center in north India. 60°C for 30 minutes. These findings reveal The aim of this study is study the that the extract of marigold flower can be demographic and clinical profile of patients used for coloration of 100% cotton, silk, and visiting ophthalmologic emergency tertiary wool fabrics. care ophthalmic center during Holi in New Delhi. The data were collected by conducting Abdelrahman et al., (2013) studied that this direct interviews with patients and from research was carried out to study the medical records of the patients visiting the possibility of using the beet dyes as a laser Emergency Department of RPC from March gain medium. The fluorescence quantum 1 to 5, 2018. These 5 days were chosen so yield was determined by the comparative that it could cover the pre-Holi day, Holi day method with rodamine b as an organic dye and post-Holi day. Statistical data were standard. The increasing of fluorescence analyzed using Microsoft Excel. An increase quantum yield of dye solution as a result of in awareness among people shows a increasing the viscosity of solvent was substantial decline in number of color injury, observed clearly. The study concluded that complications, traumatic eye injuries, and the beet dyes are so sensitive to fluorescence assault cases from the year 2016. Men (20) and it is very suitable to be used as a laser were more affected than women (9), with gain medium. Nowadays the dye lasers play most common being among the youth (21 as an important tool and are used in many years ±10). Sudden spike in cases of color applications including spectroscopy, injury (29) was observed during the study medicine and dermatology. period.

Farag et al., (2013) studied that the aim of Ghosh et al., (2016) studied that Holi is a this present study is to evaluate the festival of colors, traditionally celebrated by performance and efficiency of dyeing of mutual application of colors in different cotton, wool and polyamide from dry skin forms on a particular day of the year. These Allium cepa and henna fabrics with natural colors frequently comprise a range of dyes obtained as extract leaves. Natural dyes synthetic dyes which have harmful effect on may chemically be classified as vat, direct, the skin and mucosae. The objective of this acid and\or pigment. This makes onion scale study is to find out the different patterns on and henna leaves one of the easily available Holi- related dermatoses in a group of raw materials for natural dyeing industry. pediatric patients. Consecutive patients of Accordingly, efficiency and performance of pediatric age group who attended dyeing were assessed on different natural and dermatology outpatient department (OPD)

3835 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) Special Issue-11: 3830-3839 with different dermatoses following colours are synthetic dyes which may have application of Holi color were included in harmful side-effects on the skin and this study. A total of 63 patients were mucocutaneous areas like the conjunctive and evaluated with a female to male ratio 1.3:1. oral mucosa. In India, these colours are Itching is the predominant presenting prepared on a small scale and lack any symptom followed by burning sensation, quality checks. Here we present a case of a dryness, scaling, and loss of hair. The 43 years old female who developed conclusion of this study shows that a sizable angioedema with urticaria progressing into number of patients of pediatric age group urticarial vasculitis after playing with the may be affected by Holi-related dermatoses colours in the festival of Holi. This case necessitating precautionary measures. report highlights the need to put manufacturing of Holi colours under the Kumar et al., (2015) studied that we have guidelines of the Food and Drug Cosmetic chosen Holi festival as an event to study the Act and the Bureau of Indian Standards. effect on aerosol loading in the atmosphere due to extensive burning of biomass Das et al., (2015) studied that during the Holi especially in the evening hours prior to main festival a good quantity of synthetic Holi festival. We have studied aerosol optical and powder is used every year, which contain microphysical parameters by ground based heavy metals, sand and soil. Considering the AERONET over the three stations situated in threat of heavy metals to the environment and the Indo-Gangetic plain (IGP) during March human health, a simple, low cost method of 5-11, 2012. The Holi was celebrated on 7-8 making eco-friendly Holi powder has been March across the country in 2012. The standardized. Tapioca (Manihot esculanta) is aerosol volume size distribution showed a a high yielding annual crop requiring low bimodal structure. The coarse modes showed agronomic input and it is harvested well peak maxima ranged from 2.5 to 3.5. before Holi. The process involves the use of tapioca flour and Fruit Products Order, 1955 Samariya et al., (2013) studied that sindoor is approved synthetic food colour which does one of the key cosmetics used by the married not contain heavy metals. The product is women of our countries. The present found to be acceptable based on colour investigation was done to formulate herbal brightness, texture, and stickness, low cost sindoor using different natural ingredients, as involvement and simplicity of procedure. these preparations are one of the key cosmetics to be used by the married women Gupta et al., (2015) studied that a wide of our country. prevalence of socio-religious and cultural practices in the Asian subcontinent often The sindoor was formulated using five leads to multitude of skin diseases which may different natural coloring agents in four be missed by the dermatologists because of a batches (F1 to F4) and were evaluated. It was lack of awareness. “Henna” and “Kumkum” found from the present investigation that F3 application can result in pigmented contact has good results as compared to other dermatitis. “Sticker bindis” and “” induce formulated herbal sindoor, through a detailed contact leukoderma. Irritant and allergic clinical efficacy is still needed to establish contact dermatitis occurs after playing with safety profile of the formulation. Holi colors. “Mudichood” represents the comedogenic effect of hair oils combined Jain et al., (2015) studied that these Holi with occlusion and humidity.

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With increasing globalization and migration, perfume at each other. The various parts of the practice of indigenous customs and trees such as flower, leaves, fruits and so on, traditions is no longer limited to regional from Indian coral tree (Parijat), flame of territories, making it imperative for the forest (kesu), marigold, turmeric (Haldi), dermatologists to be acquainted with the henna (Mahendi), and beetroot etc has been cutaneous side effects they can cause. used to prepare colors.

Bossmann et al., (2016) studied that by the Natural colors seem to maintain good quality use of gulal powder the adverse health effect, in itself. While these chemical colors are i.e. skin and ocular irritations as well as extremely dangerous for human beings and respiratory problems may be the also are perilous for environment. The consequences. The aim of this study was to objective of present study is to analyze the uncover some of the underlying mechanisms. conscious awareness among literate and illiterate people either men or women. We analysed four different Holi colours regarding particle size using an electric field The present study showed that natural cell counting system. Two of the analysed dye can be successfully extracted from Holi powders contained even more than 75% Beta vulgaris. The whole process of of PM10 particles. In Holi colour 1 we extraction is eco-friendly. The dark red detected a fungal contamination. Some of the color dye extracted from Beta Vulgaris observed unwanted health effects of Holi used with different mordants as natural colours might be explained by the high dyeing for cloths which shows good content of PM10 particles in conjunction with coloring strength and dyeing potential. In the possible induction of a pro-inflammatory future it can serve as a source of raw response and an oxidative leukocyte burst. material for fabric dyeing.

Patel et al., (2014) studied that If natural dyes have to be triphenylmethane dye, any member of a commercialized, the traditional methods group of extremely brilliant and intensely must be substituted by modern. Due to coloured synthetic organic dyes having non-toxic properties, less side effects and molecular structures based upon that of the more medicinal values, natural dyes are hydrocarbon triphenylmethane. suitable for dyeing.

They have poor resistance to light and Also, natural gulal prepared by beetroot chemical bleaches. Crystal violet, the most with different wheat and rice flour important of the group, was introduced in provides powder material having soft and 1883. The range of colours is not complete supple touch with good sticking capacity but includes , violets, blues, and greens. to skin. This natural gulal is safe, non- They are applied by various techniques, but toxic, stain-free, eco-friendly and easily most belong to the basic class, which are removed by water. adsorbed from solution by silk or wool, but have little affinity for cotton unless it has References been treated with a mordant such as tannin. Abdelrahman, A. H., Abdelrahman, M. Sharma et al., (2013) Holi is celebrated by A., and Elbadawy, M. K. 2013. spreading scanted colors, powders and Possibility of using the beet dyes as

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(Tagetes erecta L.) and dying of Samariya, S., Dwivedi, S., Patil, S., fabric and yarns: A focus on Panigrahi, D., and Joshi, H. 2013. colorimetric analysis and fastness Formulation and evaluation of properties. Scholar Research Library herbal sindoor using different (Der Pharmacia Lettre), 7(1):185- natural/herbal ingredients. Int. J of 195. pharmacy teaching & practices. Jothi, D. 2008. Extraction of natural dyes 4(3): 752-754. from African marigold flower Sharma, A. 2013. Analysis of conscious (Tagetes ereecta L.) for textile awareness for natural colors. Arch. coloration. AUTEX research Appl. Sci. Res., 2013, 5(2): 273-277. journal, 8(2): 49-53. Siva, R. 2014. Status of natural dyes and Kannanmarikani, Kannan, U. S., and dye-yielding plants INDIA. Current Kanniappan, R. 2015. Assessment of science, 92(7): 916-925. dyeing properties and quality Sundrarajan, M., Selvam, S., Rajiv parameters of natural dye extracted Gandhi, R. and Sujesh, J. 2011. from Lawsonia inermis. European J Effectively utilize the natural of experimental biology, 5(7): 62- resources as mordants and dyes for 70. dyeing of cotton. Int. J of current Kumar, P., Sachan, A. K., and Rawat, research, 3(11): 363-367. Anupam. 2016. Utilization of temple Warsiki, Endang, and Setiautami, Asih. flower waste in Varanasi for the 2013. Color stability of beet (Beta generation of economic resources. vulgaris L.) dyes label during Journal of environmental sciences heating.proc. 2nd Int. conference on and engineering, 1(3): 1-8. adaptive intelligent agro-industry Kumar, S., Singh, A., and Singh, A. K. (ICAIA). IPB Int. convention center 2015. Impact of Holi festival on Bogor, Indonesia. 213-219. aerosol optical properties in Indo- Wells, kate. 2013. Colour, health and Gangetic plain. Int. J of advances in wellbeing: The hidden qualities and earth sciences, 4(1): 19-28. properties of Natural dyes. Journal Patel, A. K., Chaudhary, H. H., Patel, K. of the Int. colour association, S., and Sen, D. J., 2014. Colour of (2013):11, 28-36. ecofriendly dyes used in holi rather Yeniocak, M., Goktas, O., Colak, M., than triphenyl methane dyes. World Ozen, E. and Ugurlu, M. 2015. J of pharmacy and pharmaceutical Natural coloration of wood material sciences, 3(9): 1287-1305. by red beetroot (Beta vulgaris) and Samanta, Ashis. K. and Agarwal, Priti. determination color stability under 2009. Application of natural dyes on UV exposure. Maderas. Ciencia y textiles. Indian j of fibre & textile tecnologia 17(4): 711-722. research, 34(2009): 384-399.

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