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Evaluation of Dynamic Stability of Embankment Dam

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Evaluation of Dynamic Stability of Embankment Dam View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by National Academic Repository of Ethiopia EVALUATION OF DYNAMIC STABILITY OF EMBANKMENT DAM (CASE STUDY OF BILATE EMBANKMENT DAM) HABTAMU GETACHEW MASTER OF SCIENCE ADDIS ABABA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY JUNE, 2018 Declaration I hereby declare that this thesis entitled “Evaluation of Dynamic Stability of Embankment Dam (Case study of Bilate Embankment Dam)” was composed by myself, with the guidance of my advisor, that the work contained herein is my own except where explicitly stated otherwise in the text, and that this work has not been submitted, in whole or in part, for any other degree or processional qualification Name: Habtamu Getachew Signature, Date: ____________________ i ADDIS ABABA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY APPROVED BY BOARDS OF EXAMINERS Approval page This MSc thesis entitled with ‘‘Evaluation of Dynamic Stability of Embankment Dam (Case Study of Bilate Embankment Dam’’ has been approved by the following examiners in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the Degree of Masters of Science in Geotechnical Engineering. Examining Boards: Dr.Ing. Habtamu Itefa _ _________ _____ ______________ Advisor Signature Date Dr. Melaku Sisay __________ ____ ______________ Internal Examiner Signature Date Dr. Argaw Asha __________ _____ ______________ External Examiner Signature Date Dr. Brook Abate _______________ ______________ Dean, Collage of Architecture Signature Date & Civil Engineering Dr. Melaku Sisay _______________ ______________ ERA PG Program Signature Date Coordinator Mr. Simon G/Egziabheer _______________ ______________ Head, Civil Engineering Signature Date Department ii Acknowledgments I would like to give the prior recognition to God, whom my life rests up on. Then my thanks go to my research advisor, Dr. Ing. Habtamu Itefa, who guides me well in the research I conducted. I would like to thank Water Works Design and Supervision Enterprise for supplying me most of the necessary data I used in my research. Last but not least, I want to thank my family and friends, for being with me in all my critical times. iii Abstract The behavior of the dams has particular complexities against dynamic forces and its assessment requires detailed and scientifically accepted method of analysis depending on the peak ground acceleration amount and suitability of foundation for construction. The thesis included numerical modeling and detailed analysis of embankment dam under three different earthquake conditions. Bilate embankment dam is earth and rock-fill with 42.5 m height and reservoir capacity of 52 million m3. The dam is found in the seismically active zone with horizontal acceleration of 0.24g and loose alluvium foundation materials. Dynamic stability analysis was not done during the embankment dam design stage and this paper attempted to analyze the dynamic stability of the dam. The thesis used the finite element method, QUAKE/W software modeling in evaluation of liquefiability of Bilate dam which recommendable for dynamic stability analysis of embankment dam constructed on such area. Consideration is given to evaluate liquefaction potential of embankment dam material and foundation materials. Evaluation of marginal safety factor for both upstream and downstream considering both static and different dynamic loading conditions are done using limit equilibrium method and finite element method (SLOPE/W). Result by QUAKE/W shows almost all foundation materials are liquefied at the end of earthquake. Results from the finite element method show upstream slope marginal safety factor after Maximum credible earthquake and Design base earthquake are 0.893 which are below minimum required. But marginal safety factors determined by pseudo static for upstream, 1.003 and for downstream, 1.225 which are safe. Finally paper concluded finite element method is better than pseudo static method for evaluation of dynamic stability of embankment dam constructed on liquefiable alluvium foundation and highly seismic area. Key words: Maximum credible earthquake, Design base earthquake, Finite element method, Limit equilibrium method and Liquefaction. iv Table of Contents Declaration ....................................................................................................................................... i Certification ................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Acknowledgments.......................................................................................................................... iii Abstract .......................................................................................................................................... iv Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................ v List of figures ............................................................................................................................... viii List of tables .................................................................................................................................... x Abbreviation .................................................................................................................................. xi 1. General Background ................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.2. Seismic hazards:................................................................................................................... 2 1.3. Seismicity of Ethiopia: ......................................................................................................... 3 1.4 Description of study area ...................................................................................................... 4 1.5 statement of problem............................................................................................................. 6 1.5 Objective of the research .......................................................................................................... 7 1.5.1 General objective ........................................................................................................... 7 1.5.1 Specific objectives ......................................................................................................... 7 2. Literature review ......................................................................................................................... 8 2.1 Embankment dams ................................................................................................................ 8 2.2 Failure modes of embankment dams .................................................................................... 9 2.2.1 Hydraulic failures: ......................................................................................................... 9 2.2.2 Seepage failures: ............................................................................................................ 9 2.2.3 Structural failures: ........................................................................................................ 10 2.3. Seismic hazards .................................................................................................................. 10 v 2.4 Dams and earthquake loads ................................................................................................ 12 2.5 Dynamic and static loading ................................................................................................. 14 2.6 Dynamic material properties ............................................................................................... 15 2.7 Historical overview of methods .......................................................................................... 16 2.8 Modeling the earthquake response of embankment dams .................................................. 17 2.9 Earthquakes and ground motion ......................................................................................... 19 2.10 Earthquake induced liquefaction....................................................................................... 20 2.10.1 Liquefaction assessment ............................................................................................ 22 2.10.2 Liquefaction susceptibility ......................................................................................... 22 2.10.3 Consequences of liquefaction .................................................................................... 24 2.11 Types of constitutive models for advanced seismic analysis of embankment dams ........ 25 3. Materials and Methodology ...................................................................................................... 28 3.1 Data collection .................................................................................................................... 28 3.1.1 Earthquake data ............................................................................................................ 28 3.2 Methods of analysis ............................................................................................................ 32 3.2.1 Liquefaction Potential Assessment .............................................................................
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