DOCSLIB.ORG

Messias De Lira Entorno Territorial Estratégico

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Messias De Lira Entorno Territorial Estratégico UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL PAULISTA “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas Câmpus de Rio Claro MESSIAS DE LIRA ENTORNO TERRITORIAL ESTRATÉGICO: ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA DAS TRANSAÇÕES COMERCIAIS DE ARMAS DE BRASIL E ÍNDIA (1990-2019) Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas do Câmpus de Rio Claro, da Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do título de Mestre em Geografia. Orientador: Prof. Dr. José Gilberto de Souza Rio Claro - SP 2021 Lira, Messias de L768e Entorno territorial estratégico : análise comparativa das transações comerciais de armas de Brasil e Índia (1990-2019) / Messias de Lira. -- Rio Claro, 2021 183 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas, Rio Claro Orientador: Jose Gilberto de Souza 1. Estado. 2. mundialização. 3. Política Nacional de Defesa. 4. Brasil - Índia. 5. entorno estratégico. I. Título. Sistema de geração automática de fichas catalográficas da Unesp. Biblioteca do Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas, Rio Claro. Dados fornecidos pelo autor(a). Essa ficha não pode ser modificada. MESSIAS DE LIRA ENTORNO TERRITORIAL ESTRATÉGICO: ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA DAS TRANSAÇÕES COMERCIAIS DE ARMAS DE BRASIL E ÍNDIA (1990-2019) Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas do Câmpus de Rio Claro, da Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do título de Mestre em Geografia. Comissão Examinadora Prof. Dr. Jose Gilberto de Souza – IGCE/UNESP Câmpus Rio Claro Prof. Dr. Samuel Alves Soares – FCHS/UNESP Câmpus Franca Prof. Dr. Vinicius Modolo Teixeira – FAEL/UNEMAT Câmpus Sinop Conceito: APROVADO Rio Claro, SP 13 de maio de 2021 Dedico especialmente este trabalho aos meus pais, Maria Helena e José Francisco, à minha amada Marcela, bem como ao povo brasileiro que tanto sofre. AGRADECIMENTOS Este trabalho foi em parte realizado dentro possivelmente da maior pandemia do último século. A defesa desta dissertação ocorreu quando 430 mil brasileiros morreram devido à Covid-19, enquanto na data de sua publicação após dois meses, mais outros 100 mil brasileiros foram mortos em decorrência da caquistocracia que (des)governa esse país, visto que se não fosse pela negligência desses poderíamos ter tido menos mortes e dor para milhares de famílias em todo o Brasil. Dou início aos agradecimentos com a informação acima, pois ela deve ser documentada e sempre lembrada, ao passo que atitudes covardes da classe dominantes jamais se repitam. E que os trabalhadores possam de fato construir uma sociedade em que não se privilegie o capital, mas a vida. Emergem nesse momento, denúncias, indícios e estudos de que houve uma estratégia guiada pelo Estado brasileiro ao longo de suas (in)ações durante a pandemia que provocou o genocídio de povos indígenas e da população mais pobre, principalmente negra e feminina. Tanto sofrimento ao povo brasileiro à custa de interesses guiados pela reprodução capitalista. Agradeço aos meus pais por serem imperfeitos como são, pois, foi dessa maneira que em boa parte me construí. Como tantos brasileiros, sofreram na pele as injustiças sociais desse país, concretas em suas diferentes violências, principalmente na escassez de alimentos materializados na fome e na falta d’água no agreste nordestino, bem como na xenofobia por serem migrantes nordestinos no sudeste do Brasil. Eu me constituo diante dessas raízes, tentando sempre lembrar de onde vim. Outra face que me faz parte, são as relações sociais com quem me estabeleci, onde tantas boas pessoas passaram pela minha vida e acrescentaram de inúmeras formas. Por isso agradeço às pessoas que passaram por minha vida, desde meus amigos de infância na bucólica Analândia (SP), até os professores e colegas nas minhas passagens por Pirassununga (SP), Rio Claro (SP), Araraquara (SP) e agora Ribeirão Preto (SP). Dentre algumas dessas pessoas, destaco um agente importante dentro desse processo de construção e reflexão da complexa realidade brasileira e da qual a temática exige, o meu professor orientador José Gilberto de Souza. Este que por meio de sua postura atenciosa e exigente, permite que seja possível a transformação da realidade brasileira através do trabalho levado com seriedade, tendo sempre em mente nossas raízes, a posição que temos na sociedade e a responsabilidade que assumimos ao nos construirmos enquanto sujeitos históricos, partindo da busca e indo ao encontro do comprometimento com a justiça social. Ressalto aqui a importância da valorização da educação enquanto instrumento de emancipação, autonomia, bem como de transformação social. É necessário o reconhecimento da luta contínua dos profissionais da educação que ano após ano sofrem ataques por defender a educação pública e de qualidade. Estendo meus cumprimentos aos professores que me auxiliaram com tamanha seriedade nas bancas de qualificação e defesa: Prof. Dr. André Roberto Martin (USP), Prof. Dr. Marcos José Barbieri Ferreira (UNICAMP); Prof. Dr. Vinicius Modolo Teixeira (UNEMAT), Prof. Dr. Samuel Alves Soares (UNESP). Além das relações sociais, observo o quão instituições através de minhas relações profissionais também acrescentaram na minha formação enquanto geógrafo e professor. Por isso fico contente em ter compartilhado experiências no Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), Colégio Liceu Vivere, Museu da Pessoa e atualmente com a Conexia Educação. Cabe ainda meus agradecimentos à minha amada Marcela. Esta que por anos tem me apoiado e me incentivado a ser uma pessoa cada vez melhor e principalmente mais feliz. Por ser uma mulher forte, acaba por me fortalecer também. Espero que um dia eu esteja à altura de ser tão importante na vida dela, assim como ela foi e é na minha. Que continuemos a desvendar muitos olhares com amor e cumplicidade. O presente trabalho foi realizado com apoio da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – Brasil (CAPES) – Código de Financiamento 001. Todos os enamorados da morte coincidem também em sua obsessão por reduzir a termos militares as contradições sociais, culturais e nacionais. Em nome do bem contra o mal, em nome da única verdade, todos resolvem tudo matando primeiro e perguntando depois. E, por tal caminho, acabam alimentando o inimigo que combatem. (GALEANO, 2003, p. 9) RESUMO Com a desregulamentação do mercado financeiro amplia-se o padrão de mundialização da economia e os Estados nacionais se veem diante de uma lógica de produção pautada em um maior grau de reprodução financeira do capital. Visto que os espaços de acumulação foram reorganizados, houve a formação de novas tessituras geopolíticas e nesse processo potências regionais se valeram de sua inserção econômica para alavancar suas projeções política e militar na conjuntura internacional. Diante desse contexto, este trabalho analisa as determinações territoriais que as formas do Estado imprimem ao exercer suas políticas nacionais de defesa ao visar a autonomia estratégica. Esta analisa se dá por meio do comparativo dos gastos públicos, transações comerciais que remetam à exportação e importação de armas e serviços relacionados à defesa nacional de Brasil e Índia, bem como o grau de intensidade desses fluxos comerciais considerando o entorno territorial estratégico desses países no período de 1990 a 2019. Apesar de incipiente, o aumento nas trocas comerciais de produtos de defesa e os valores dos gastos públicos militares em ambos os países foram maiores que a média de todos os outros países em seus respectivos entornos territoriais estratégicos, entretanto os gastos se mostram maiores para a Índia do que ao Brasil. Observa-se também como as formas do Estado são constituídas e incitam a valorização capitalista do espaço sob o formato de soberania nacional, para posteriormente capturar os fundos públicos. Palavras-chave: Estado; mundialização; Política Nacional de Defesa; Brasil – Índia; entorno estratégico. ABSTRACT With the deregulation of the financial market, the pattern of mundialisation of the economy expands and national states are faced with a logic of production based on a greater degree of financial reproduction of capital. Since the accumulation spaces were reorganized, new geopolitical fabrications were formed and in this process, regional powers took advantage of their economic insertion to leverage their political and military projections in the international conjuncture. In this context, this work analyzes the territorial determinations that the forms of the State imprint when exercising its national defense policies when aiming at strategic autonomy. This analysis takes place through the comparison of public expenditures, commercial transactions that refer to the export and import of arms and services related to the national defense of Brazil and India, as well as the degree of intensity of these trade flows considering the strategic territorial environment of these countries in the period from 1990 to 2019. Although incipient, the increase in trade in defense products and the values of public military expenditures in both countries were greater than the average of all other countries in their respective strategic territorial encirclements, however the expenditures are show greater for India than for Brazil. It is also observed how the forms of the State are constituted and incite the capitalist valorization of space under the format of national sovereignty, to later capture
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Security & Defence European
    a 7.90 D European & Security ES & Defence 4/2016 International Security and Defence Journal Protected Logistic Vehicles ISSN 1617-7983 • www.euro-sd.com • Naval Propulsion South Africa‘s Defence Exports Navies and shipbuilders are shifting to hybrid The South African defence industry has a remarkable breadth of capa- and integrated electric concepts. bilities and an even more remarkable depth in certain technologies. August 2016 Jamie Shea: NATO‘s Warsaw Summit Politics · Armed Forces · Procurement · Technology The backbone of every strong troop. Mercedes-Benz Defence Vehicles. When your mission is clear. When there’s no road for miles around. And when you need to give all you’ve got, your equipment needs to be the best. At times like these, we’re right by your side. Mercedes-Benz Defence Vehicles: armoured, highly capable off-road and logistics vehicles with payloads ranging from 0.5 to 110 t. Mobilising safety and efficiency: www.mercedes-benz.com/defence-vehicles Editorial EU Put to the Test What had long been regarded as inconceiv- The second main argument of the Brexit able became a reality on the morning of 23 campaigners was less about a “democratic June 2016. The British voted to leave the sense of citizenship” than of material self- European Union. The majority that voted for interest. Despite all the exception rulings "Brexit", at just over 52 percent, was slim, granted, the United Kingdom is among and a great deal smaller than the 67 percent the net contribution payers in the EU. This who voted to stay in the then EEC in 1975, money, it was suggested, could be put to but ignoring the majority vote is impossible.
    [Show full text]
  • General Assembly Distr.: General 31 July 2001 English Original: Arabic/English/French/ Russian/Spanish
    United Nations A/56/257 General Assembly Distr.: General 31 July 2001 English Original: Arabic/English/French/ Russian/Spanish Fifty-sixth session Item 85 (s) of the provisional agenda* General and complete disarmament: transparency in armaments United Nations Register of Conventional Arms Report of the Secretary-General** Contents Paragraphs Page I. Introduction .......................................................... 1–10 2 II. Information received from Governments................................... 11–12 4 A. Composite table of replies of Governments ...................................... 5 B. Replies received from Governments ............................................ 8 III. Index of background information provided by Governments for the calendar year 2000 ...... 60 IV. Information received from Governments on military holdings and procurement through national production .............................................................. 63 Annex Views received from Governments in accordance with paragraph 5 (a) of General Assembly resolution 55/33 U .............................................................. 103 * A/56/150. ** Finalization of the present report was dependent on the receipt of a substantial number of submissions by Governments. 01-49573 (E) 200901 *0149573* A/56/257 I. Introduction 1. In accordance with General Assembly resolution 46/36 L of 9 December 1991, on transparency in armaments, the Secretary-General, on 1 January 1992, established the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms. In that resolution, the
    [Show full text]
  • Ralph Ziman the Casspir Project
    RALPH ZIMAN THE CASSPIR PROJECT SULGER-BUEL LOVELL 00 00 CONTENTS Introduction - 04 - 05 Personal Narrative - 06 - 09 Unveiled - 10 - 11 History - 12 - 13 The Beast - 14 - 15 Reclaiming the Casspir - 16 - 35 Collaborators - 36 - 39 Biography - 50 - 53 Contents - 61 Previous Page: The Casspir Project | Casspir 2016 | Reclaimed refitted Casspir vehicle, glass beads, yarn | 2.85m x 6.9m x 2.45m 01 04 05 INTRODUCTION The Casspir Project charts the locus of the South African military vehicle’s legacy of institutional oppression - a legacy with which we are still reckoning. The central element of the project is one of reclamation - a restored and refitted Casspir vehicle, its surfaces fully covered in elaborate, brightly-colored panels of glass beadwork, arrayed in traditional patterns and completed by artisans from Zimbabwe and the Mpumalanga province of South Africa, including women of the Ndebele tribe, known for their craftsmanship. The Casspir Project, is a multifaceted and unprecedented undertaking, ultimately comprising installation, photography, oral history, and documentary, from the South African contemporary artist, Ralph Ziman. 06 05 PERSONAL NARRATIVE People ask me, why bead a Casspir? To me it always seemed obvious: to take this weapon of war, this ultimate symbol of oppression and to reclaim it. To own it, make it African, make it beautiful. Make it shine, yes. And to make it seen and make it felt. It’s hard to explain what I mean. But there’s a line from a Rolling Stones song that goes: “I see a rainbow and I want to paint it black...” I understand that compulsion, but for me it’s different.
    [Show full text]
  • CASSPIR MK II.Indd
    CASSPIR Mk-II THE MECHEM SPECIFICATION CASSPIR Mk-II ARMOURED PROTECTED PERSONNEL CARRIER The CASSPIR Armoured Protected Per- The MK II is versatile in its application sonnel Carrier (APC) is a leader in its as an APC for: class bringing high technology and battle Military use, Policing, Peacekeeping and a proven effectiveness together to provide platform for Mine Action services. one of the safest landmine resistant per- sonnel carriers in the world. Double cab 4x4 after landmine exploded Casspir MK1I with fi tted Steelwheels after landmine exploded Vision and Mission - MECHEM: A WORLD LEADER IN CREAT- MECHEM (Pty) Ltd Tel: [+27 (0) 12] 640 3000 ING SAFER ENVIRONMENTS, THROUGH PROVIDING: MINE 368 B Selborne Avenue Fax: [+27 (0) 12] 664 3528 ACTION SERVICES; BATTLE AREA CLEARANCE SOLUTIONS; Lyttelton, Centurion, 0157, RSA E-mail: [email protected] CANINE SOLUTIONS; RELATED SKILLS DEVELOPMENT; P.O. Box 14864 Website: www.mechemdemining.com MINE PROTECTED VEHICLES AND ANCILLARY EQUIPMENT. Lyttelton, 0140, RSA www.mechem.co.za COMPANY BACKGROUND TRANSMISSION SYSTEM Clutch Single plate, dry disc clutch • MEHCEM is a subsidiary of the Denel group and State Gearbox Manual- 5 speed forward (all synchro- owned enterprise mesh) and 1 reverse • MECHEM have been involved in military and mine action Transfer Case Two speed research and development since 1960 and became a com- Operation Pneumatic mercial demining company in 1992. • Thus far MECHEM has been involved in clearing a few mil- DRIVE AXLES (Mercedes Benz) (MB) lion square meters of minefi elds and we have successfully Front: Single reduction, palloid drive, and supplied over 120 remanufactured MPV and APC vehicles.
    [Show full text]
  • Wheeled Apcs
    Wheeled APCs WHEELED ARMORED PERSONNEL CARRIERS Australian Wheeled APCs Austrian Wheeled APCs Belgian Wheeled APCs Brazilian Wheeled APCs British Wheeled APCs Canadian Wheeled APCs Chilean Wheeled APCs Chinese Wheeled APCs Croatian Wheeled APCs Czech Wheeled APCs Dutch Wheeled APCs Egyptian Wheeled APCs Finnish Wheeled APCs French Wheeled APCs German Wheeled APCs Guatemalan Wheeled APCs Hungarian Wheeled APCs Indian Wheeled APCs International Wheeled APCs Irish Wheeled APCs Israeli Wheeled APCs Italian Wheeled APCs Japanese Wheeled APCs Mexican Wheeled APCs North Korean Wheeled APCs Portuguese Wheeled APCs Romanian Wheeled APCs Russian Wheeled APCs Salvadoran Wheeled APCs Saudi Wheeled APCs Slovakian Wheeled APCs South African Wheeled APCs Spanish Wheeled APCs Swedish Wheeled APCs Swiss Wheeled APCs Turkish Wheeled APCs Ukrainian Wheeled APCs US Wheeled APCs Yugoslavian Wheeled APCs file:///E/My%20Webs/misc_pages/armored_personnel_carriers_3.html[3/22/2020 5:55:29 PM] Australian Wheeled APCs ADI/Thales Australia Bushmaster Notes: The Bushmaster Protected Mobility Vehicle was designed as a successor to the S-600, under the Bushranger Infantry Mobility Vehicle competition; it eventually emerged as the winner of that competition, with development beginning in 1998. The development and testing process was long, incloved, and troubled, and deliveries did not begin until 2005. The Bushmaster is based on a design originally conceived by the Irish company of Timoney; considerable portions of the Bushmaster are therefore manufactured under a licensing agreement with Timoney, though production is undertaken wholly in Australia. ADI began the part of the design process done in Australia, but production later passed to Thales Australia, who also developed several variants. (Virtually all of these variants differ primarily in internal arrangements and equipment; externally, almost all of the different versions differ little from each other.) The primary users of the Bushmaster are the Australian Army and Air Force, but it is also used by the Dutch Army and British Army.
    [Show full text]
  • An Annotated Bibliography of MANPRINT-Related Assessments and Evaluations Conducted by the U.S
    An Annotated Bibliography of MANPRINT-Related Assessments and Evaluations Conducted by the U.S. Army, 2nd Edition: 1953 to 2009 Volume III – Test and Evaluation Reports by Sam E. Middlebrooks, Ph.D. ARL-SR-190 February 2010 Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. NOTICES Disclaimers The findings in this report are not to be construed as an official Department of the Army position unless so designated by other authorized documents. Citation of manufacturer’s or trade names does not constitute an official endorsement or approval of the use thereof. Destroy this report when it is no longer needed. Do not return it to the originator. Army Research Laboratory Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005-5425 ARL-SR-190 February 2010 An Annotated Bibliography of MANPRINT-Related Assessments and Evaluations Conducted by the U.S. Army, 2nd Edition: 1953 to 2009 Volume III –Test and Evaluation Reports Sam E. Middlebrooks, Ph.D. Human Research and Engineering Directorate, ARL Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing the burden, to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number.
    [Show full text]
  • Dsei 2015 Special Edition
    MILITARY SYSTEMSDSEI & TECHNOLOGY 2015 SPECIAL EDITION WELCOME TO THIS SPECIAL DSEI 2015 EDITION OF THE MILITARY SYSTEMS & TECHNOLOGY MAGAZINE AIR + LAND + NAVAL + SECURITY + MEDICAL + UNMANNED MILITARY AND MOD GO FREE Engage with the whole defence & security sector at DSEI 2015 REGISTER NOW 1,500 companies representing the whole FOR EARLY supply chain, from Primes to SMEs BIRD DISCOUNT 6 dedicated areas featuring state-of-the-art solutions Largest display of the latest defence & security technology Networking opportunities with 32,000 representatives from government, military, industry and academia High-level seminars delivering the latest insight into the defence & security markets from an international prospective Register NOW on: www.DSEI.co.uk/enterdsei15 IMAGES COURTESY OF: Supacat, AgustaWestland, Richard Seymour and THALES Supported by Headline Sponsors Official Organised by Publication Platinum Gold Image Courtesy of Guartel Technologies 1 www.militarysystems-tech.com T. +44 (0) 1398 351606 E. [email protected] EDITION 25 MILITARY SYSTEMS & TECHNOLOGY SoSo mmuchuch mmoreore tthanhan justjust a ddirectory.irectory. Military Systems & Technology is an established web There are already a number of Web based Defence portal designed for the International Defence & Directories. How we aim to stand out is of course a Aerospace Industry. It provides a comprehensive challenge. We do this by adopting the very best and detailed listing of Military Equipment Suppliers, services one can offer via the Internet whilst offered Products and Services. We have long standing at rates the publishing world is not necessarily used working relationships with some of the most to. It is our core principle to retain clients and act as important Defence related Organisations, Events long term media agents.
    [Show full text]
  • Need Armor Fast?”
    DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY WASHINGTON DC 20310 INFOMEMO December 22,2004,l :OO p.m. FOR SECRETARY OF DEFENSE FROM: Peter J. Schoomaker, General, Chief of Staff THRU: Richard B. Myers, General, Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff SUBJECT: Peter Brown Article, “Need Armor Fast?” 0 The Army considers all known foreign and domestic sources in satisfying materiel solutions for needed capabilities. To date, we have not found a better alternative than the M1114 Up-Armored HMMWV (UAH) and Armored Security Vehicle (ASV) for the Convoy Protection Platform (CPP) and other selected roles. 0 The following vehicles have beedare being considered by the Army for their related mission essential roles: o Casspir, RG-3 1, and Meerkat; South AfXca. Procured for current operations. o Cougar and Buffalo; Canada. Procured for current operations. o Cobra; Turkey. Evaluated, but not used. o VBL; France. Evaluated, but not used. o Dingo, Mungo and Husky; Germany. Husky procured for current operations. Information requested on Dingo and Mungo manufacturers. Limited information is available on the JGSDF (Japanese Ground Self Defense Force) Light Armored Vehicle (LAV) produced by Komatsu Ltd. The JGSDF LAV is in the early stages of production and its characteristics are unknown. The Army will continue to pursue contacting Komatsu to properly assess the vehicle’s capabilities. PM Tactical Vehicles published an qorsources sought in the FedBizOps on October 1,2003.. Since October 2003, the Army has tested 207 different armor solutions from 40 vendors. The Army evaluated and is producing 12 add-on-armor (AoA) kits for our Light, Medium, and Heavy truck fleet.
    [Show full text]
  • Army Guide Monthly • Выпуск #4 (103)
    Army G uide monthly # 4 (103) Апрель 2013 Крупная закупка Индонезийской армии стимулируется внешними кредитами Ведущее колесо танка GD получает контракт стоимостью $ 40 млн. на производство танков Abrams Азиатский и европейский рынки бронированных машин - изменившаяся концепция безопасности Стальная стена Mantis в небесах Тяжелый металл: целесообразность продления срока службы танков Abrams Обзор программ для сил специальных операций Баланс мощности: военные в поисках эффективной чистой энергии Ricardo получает заказ на дополнительные 76 машин Foxhound Plasan демонстрирует дозорную машину Spider-SC1 - это комплексное решение для защиты границ Телескопический прицел Ксифос Бразильские GUARANI заменят бронированные машины EE-11 Urutu к 2015 году Армия США разрабатывает виртуальные окна для Bradley Бразилия покупает 34 бронированные машины Gepard из Германии Нарезная танковая пушка Denel модернизирует бронетранспортер Casspir Сарисса Krauss-Maffei Wegmann поддержит модернизацию армии Катара Northrop Grumman запускает CUTLASS, беспилотную наземную машину нового поколения Pindad готова к созданию первого индонезийского танка www.army-guide.com Army Guide Monthly • #4 (103) • Апрель 2013 ВПК "Индонезия находится в процессе попыток Крупная закупка Индонезийской модернизировать свою военную инфраструктуру армии стимулируется внешними после длительного периода атрофии," сказал кредитами Битцингер.Джакарта покупает оружие у различных поставщиков, поскольку она стремится избежать слишком большой зависимости от крупных иностранных производителей вооружений
    [Show full text]
  • Haditechnika 2016 6 06 Nemzetközi Szemle.Indd
    Nemzetközi haditechnikai szemle Dr. Marsai Viktor* A Puma M-26-15-ös MRAP és szomáliai alkalmazásának háttere 011. október 16-án az Operation Linda Nchi (A nem- páncélzatuk kiszolgáltatottá tette őket az ilyen típusú tá- zet megmentése) művelet keretében a Kenyai Védel- madásokkal szemben. Azok a járművek pedig, amelyek mi Erők (Kenyan Defence Forces – KDF) fő erői átlép- elegendő páncélvédettséggel rendelkeztek, nem voltak al- 2 ték a kenyai–szomáli határt, hogy csapást mérjenek a kalmasak arra, hogy az infrastruktúrában rendkívül sze- Szomália déli területein tevékenykedő, Nairobi számára is gény dél-szomáliai területeken alkalmazzák őket, mivel a egyre nagyobb kihívást jelentő radikális iszlamista al- vízmosások, időszakos folyóvizek fölött átívelő hidak nem Shabaab csoportjaira.1 Bár ezt hivatalosan tagadták, a bírták volna el ezeket. KDF valójában már hosszú idő óta készült a műveletre. Ezt 2011 októberében a KDF összesen 72 db AML–60/90-es támasztották alá nem csupán a szerzőnek a különféle ke- Panhard, 12 db Ferret, valamint 8 db S52-es Shorland nyai szereplőkkel készített interjúi,2 hanem a kenyai haderő páncélozott harcjárművel rendelkezett, a gyalogság szállí- intenzív modernizációja is, amelynek keretében a Szomáli- tására pedig 10 db M–3-as Panhard és 52 db UR–416-os ában várható aszimmetrikus hadviselés követelményeire állt hadrendben.3 Ezt kiegészítette még bizonytalan szám- igyekeztek felkészíteni csapataikat. Ennek egyik fontos ban néhány BTR–60-as,4 Saladin,5 Saracen, WZ551-es elemét képezték a páncélozott járművek, amelyek elen- (Type 90/92),6 illetve 85-105 db közötti BRM.7 Az elmúlt gedhetetlennek bizonyultak az al-Shabaab elleni harcok- években a modernizáció jegyében az Egyesült Államok ban.
    [Show full text]
  • Globalização Militar E a Ordem Militar Internacional: Comparando As Indústrias De Defesa Do BRICS (Brasil, Rússia, Índia, China E África Do Sul)
    UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL FLUMINENSE INSTITUTO DE CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS E FILOSOFIA DEPARTAMENTO DE CIÊNCIA POLÍTICA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO CIÊNCIA POLÍTICA ANTONIO HENRIQUE LUCENA SILVA Globalização Militar e a Ordem Militar Internacional: comparando as indústrias de defesa do BRICS (Brasil, Rússia, Índia, China e África do Sul) Niterói/RJ Setembro de 2015 PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO CIÊNCIA POLÍTICA CURSO DE DOUTORADO Tese Globalização Militar e a Ordem Militar Internacional: comparando as indústrias de defesa do BRICS (Brasil, Rússia, Índia, China e África do Sul) ANTONIO HENRIQUE LUCENA SILVA Tese para apresentação perante Banca Examinadora do Programa de Pós- Graduação em Ciência Política da Universidade Federal Fluminense, como exigência final para obtenção do grau de Doutor em Ciência Política, na área de Estudos Estratégicos Data de aprovação: 08/09/2015 Banca Examinadora: Prof. Dr. Luiz Pedone – Orientador da Tese e Presidente da Banca Examinadora (UFF) Examinador Titular Interno: Prof. Dr. Eurico de Lima Figueiredo (PPGCP/UFF) Examinador Titular Interno: Prof. Dr.Waldimir Pirró e Longo (INEST/UFF) Examinador Titular Externo: Prof. Dr.Williams da Silva Gonçalves (UERJ) Examinador Titular Externo: Profª. Drª. Maria Regina Soares de Lima (IESP-UERJ) Examinador Suplente Interno: Prof. Dr. Márcio Rocha (PPGEST/UFF) Examinador Suplente Externo: Prof. Dr. William de Sousa Moreira (EGN) S586 Silva, Antonio Henrique Lucena. Globalização militar e a Ordem Militar Internacional: comparando as indústrias de defesa do BRICS (Brasil, Rússia, Índia, China e África do Sul) / Antonio Henrique Lucena Silva. – 2015. 286 f. ; il. Orientador: Luiz Pedone. Tese (Doutorado em Ciência Política) – Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Ciências Humanas e Filosofia, Departamento de Ciência Política, 2015.
    [Show full text]
  • African National Congress Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission
    African National Congress Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission August 1996 Contents Executive Summary ANC Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission 1. PREFACE 2. INTRODUCTION 3. THE HISTORICAL AND INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT 3.1 The prehistory of colonialism, dispossession and segregation 3.2 The history of the ANC to 1960 3.3 Just struggle in the international context 3.4 Apartheid and human rights 3.5 Apartheid human rights violations in an international context 4. THE NATIONAL PARTY, APARTHEID AND THE ANATOMY OF REPRESSION, 1948-1994 4.1 The post-1948 legislative programme of apartheid 4.2 The repressive apartheid security state, 1960-1974 4.3 The institutional violence and social consequences of apartheid 4.4 Judiciary and other forms of repression 4.5 Forced removals and forced incorporation 4.6 Mass repression by the regime in response to mass protests against apartheid 4.7 The height of apartheid repression 4.8 Apartheid and the destabilisation of Southern African countries in the 1980s 4.9 Covert action and state sanctioned gross violations of human rights in the negotiations era of the 1990s 5. PHASES OF STRUGGLE AND ANC POLICY FOUNDATIONS, 1960-1994 5.1 New forms of struggle after Sharpeville and the banning of opposition groups (1960-1969) 5.2 A changing scenario and new challenges (1969-1979) 5.3 Towards "People's War" and "People's Power" (1979-1990) 5.4 The ANC and internal revolt: The role of the Mass Democratic Movement in the 1980s 6. DID THE ANC PERPETRATE ANY GROSS VIOLATIONS OF HUMAN RIGHTS? 6.1 The approach, standards and conduct of the ANC in relation to human rights 6.2 Armed operations and civilian casualties 6.3 Excesses in relation to state agents 6.4 ANC members who died in exile 6.5 The Mass Democratic Movement and excesses in the mass revolt of the 1980s 7.
    [Show full text]