Annex Q(Ii) Profiles of Stakeholders and Right-Holders in the Focal Landscape Areas
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Project title: Namibia Integrated Landscape Approach for enhancing Livelihoods and Environmental Governance to eradicate poverty (NILALEG) GEF Implementing Agency : United Nations Development Programme Country: Republic of Implementing Partner: Ministry of Management Arrangements: Namibia Environment and Tourism National Implementation Modality (NIM) UNDP-GEF PIMS ID number: 5640 GEF ID number: 9426 Annex Q(ii) Profiles of Stakeholders and Right-Holders in the Focal Landscape Areas Livelihoods, Gender and Stakeholder Engagement Assessment Profiles of Stakeholders and Right-Holders in the Focal Landscape Areas Namibia Integrated Landscape Approach for Enhancing Livelihoods and Environmental Governance to Eradicate Poverty (NILALEG) March 2019 i Produced by Romie Nghitevelekwa Selma Lendelvo Support Team Nellius Phillipus Gloria Tjitombo Mechtilde Pinto For the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP Namibia Country Office) i Table of Contents List of Figures ......................................................................................................................... iii 1.0 Profiles of the NILALEG Project’s Focal Landscapes ................................................... 1 1.1 Omaoipanga Focal Landscape .................................................................................... 2 1.1.1 Focal landscape description ................................................................................. 2 1.1.2 Opportunities for NILALEG................................................................................ 7 1.2 Ruacana Focal Landscape ......................................................................................... 10 1.2.1 Focal landscape description ............................................................................... 10 1.2.2 Opportunities for NILALEG.............................................................................. 13 1.3 Okongo Focal Landscape .......................................................................................... 13 1.3.1 Focal landscape description ............................................................................... 13 1.3.2 Opportunities for NILALEG.............................................................................. 19 1.4 Nkulivere Focal Landscape ....................................................................................... 20 1.4.1 Focal landscape description ............................................................................... 20 1.4.2 Opportunities for NILALEG.............................................................................. 22 1.5 Zambezi Focal Landscape ......................................................................................... 23 1.5.1 Focal landscape description ............................................................................... 23 1.5.2 Opportunities for NILALEG.............................................................................. 24 1.6 Different resources harvested in the different focal landscapes ................................ 25 1.7 Norms, rules and procedures governing access to resources .................................... 25 1.8 Gender Analysis ........................................................................................................ 27 1.8.1 Gender division of labour .................................................................................. 27 1.8.2 Participation and decision-making in the forest management ........................... 28 1.8.3 Capacities required............................................................................................. 29 ii List of Figures Figure 1: Groups of forest resources and their diverse uses ...................................................... 1 Figure 2: Omaoipanga Focal Landscape .................................................................................... 2 Figure 3: Cattle in Omaoipanga Focal Landscape ..................................................................... 4 Figure 4: Borehole in Omaoipanga ............................................................................................ 5 Figure 5: Consultations with people in Omaoipanga village ..................................................... 6 Figure 6: Gullies in Omaoipanga village ................................................................................... 7 Figure 7: Restoration Pilots: in Omaoipanga and MAWF offices, respectively ....................... 9 Figure 8: Nature-based products at the Opuwo Processing Factory ....................................... 10 Figure 9: Ruacana Focal Landscape ........................................................................................ 11 Figure 10: Criss-crossing the landscapes in the Ruacana focal landscape just to find houses deserted, the farmers have migrated to better grazing grounds ............................................... 12 Figure 11: Consultations with the Ovahimba people in Ruacana Focal Landscape ................ 13 Figure 12: Okongo Focal Landscape ....................................................................................... 14 Figure 13: The Okongo Community Forest Vision 2030 ........................................................ 16 Figure 14: The Vision of Okongo Community Forest ............................................................. 17 Figure 15: A shelter/house for the San people in Okongo ....................................................... 18 Figure 16: Consultations at Okongo Focal Landscape ............................................................ 19 Figure 17: Nkulivere Focal Landscape .................................................................................... 21 Figure 18: Consultations at Nkulivere ..................................................................................... 22 Figure 19: Zambezi Focal Landscape ...................................................................................... 23 Figure 20: Consultations for Zambezi Focal Landscape ......................................................... 24 iii 1.0 Profiles of the NILALEG Project’s Focal Landscapes Namibia’s rural communities are highly reliant on the land and land-based resources within their vicinities for their livelihoods. Users access resources through the traditional authorities and community-based institutions. The resources base or abundance of the resources has been hindered by population pressure, overutilisation and illegal extractions. The resulting impacts of dwindling natural resources are further exacerbated by the threats of climatic changes that are particularly manifested through reoccurring droughts. The common uses of forested lands and forest-based resources in the Namibia Integrated Landscape Approach for the Enhancing Livelihoods and Environmental Governance to Eradicate Poverty (NILALEG) project’s focal landscapes include livestock farming; crop production; timber logging; gathering of edible and medicinal plants; firewood; cutting of poles for construction and harvesting of thatching grass. These users are geared towards both subsistence and commercial purposes. Groups of resources harvested and products from the forest resources are presented in the figure below. Figure 1: Groups of forest resources and their diverse uses There are five focal landscapes proposed for the NILALEG project: Omaoipanga Focal Landscape in the Kunene Region, Ruacana Focal Landscape in the Omusati Region, Okongo Focal Landscape in the Ohangwena Region, Nkulivere Focal Landscape in the Kavango West Region, and Zambezi Focal Landscape in the Zambezi Region. 1 1.1 Omaoipanga Focal Landscape 1.1.1 Focal landscape description The Omaoipanga Focal Landscape is in Opuwo Rural Constituency in the Kunene Region. It is inhabited by the Ovahimba people, one of the ethnic groups that have preserved their cultural heritage, but are also amongst the most marginalised groups in Namibia. They occupy a pristine and breath-taking landscape through which many tourist tour companies criss-cross while visiting Kunene north. The Ovahimba people in the Omaoipanga village are under the Vita Royal House Traditional Authority. There are 20 households with 4 people per household on average. Omaoipanga neighbours the villages of Okorosave, Ondole, Otjerunda, Kaokotavi and Orumana, which will form part of the broader focal landscape. These villages are also inhabited by the Ovahimba people, but also the Ovaherero and Ovazemba people. Figure 2: Omaoipanga Focal Landscape1 The Omaoipanga Focal Landscape occupies the driest areas and is part of the desert/shrub ecosystems characterised by low and sporadic rainfalls of approximately 100-200 mm per 1 Maps of all the focal landscapes courtesy of Axel Rothauge, 2018 2 annum, with temperatures of over 20 Celsius Degrees in the winter, and up to 36 Celsius Degrees in the summer. People in the focal landscape are predominantly pastoralists. They depend on livestock (both cattle and goats) for their livelihoods. Since hundreds of years, the farmers have led nomadic and transhumance practices as part of their strategies for rangeland management and responses to drought. These practices continue to be prevalent today and more so because of the climatic changes and reoccurring droughts and therefore it is a climate change resilience strategy. Livestock are predominantly owned and tended by young and old men. There can be one hundred (100) cattle in a kraal but this does not mean that they belong to one person. Some would belong to the head of the household and others to the members