Robocalling and Communication Id Spoofing
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Spamming Botnets: Signatures and Characteristics
Spamming Botnets: Signatures and Characteristics Yinglian Xie, Fang Yu, Kannan Achan, Rina Panigrahy, Geoff Hulten+,IvanOsipkov+ Microsoft Research, Silicon Valley +Microsoft Corporation {yxie,fangyu,kachan,rina,ghulten,ivano}@microsoft.com ABSTRACT botnet infection and their associated control process [4, 17, 6], little In this paper, we focus on characterizing spamming botnets by effort has been devoted to understanding the aggregate behaviors of leveraging both spam payload and spam server traffic properties. botnets from the perspective of large email servers that are popular Towards this goal, we developed a spam signature generation frame- targets of botnet spam attacks. work called AutoRE to detect botnet-based spam emails and botnet An important goal of this paper is to perform a large scale analy- membership. AutoRE does not require pre-classified training data sis of spamming botnet characteristics and identify trends that can or white lists. Moreover, it outputs high quality regular expression benefit future botnet detection and defense mechanisms. In our signatures that can detect botnet spam with a low false positive rate. analysis, we make use of an email dataset collected from a large Using a three-month sample of emails from Hotmail, AutoRE suc- email service provider, namely, MSN Hotmail. Our study not only cessfully identified 7,721 botnet-based spam campaigns together detects botnet membership across the Internet, but also tracks the with 340,050 unique botnet host IP addresses. sending behavior and the associated email content patterns that are Our in-depth analysis of the identified botnets revealed several directly observable from an email service provider. Information interesting findings regarding the degree of email obfuscation, prop- pertaining to botnet membership can be used to prevent future ne- erties of botnet IP addresses, sending patterns, and their correlation farious activities such as phishing and DDoS attacks. -
Zambia and Spam
ZAMNET COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS LTD (ZAMBIA) Spam – The Zambian Experience Submission to ITU WSIS Thematic meeting on countering Spam By: Annabel S Kangombe – Maseko June 2004 Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction 1 1.1 What is spam? 1 1.2 The nature of Spam 1 1.3 Statistics 2 2.0 Technical view 4 2.1 Main Sources of Spam 4 2.1.1 Harvesting 4 2.1.2 Dictionary Attacks 4 2.1.3 Open Relays 4 2.1.4 Email databases 4 2.1.5 Inadequacies in the SMTP protocol 4 2.2 Effects of Spam 5 2.3 The fight against spam 5 2.3.1 Blacklists 6 2.3.2 White lists 6 2.3.3 Dial‐up Lists (DUL) 6 2.3.4 Spam filtering programs 6 2.4 Challenges of fighting spam 7 3.0 Legal Framework 9 3.1 Laws against spam in Zambia 9 3.2 International Regulations or Laws 9 3.2.1 US State Laws 9 3.2.2 The USA’s CAN‐SPAM Act 10 4.0 The Way forward 11 4.1 A global effort 11 4.2 Collaboration between ISPs 11 4.3 Strengthening Anti‐spam regulation 11 4.4 User education 11 4.5 Source authentication 12 4.6 Rewriting the Internet Mail Exchange protocol 12 1.0 Introduction I get to the office in the morning, walk to my desk and switch on the computer. One of the first things I do after checking the status of the network devices is to check my email. -
Enisa Etl2020
EN From January 2019 to April 2020 Spam ENISA Threat Landscape Overview The first spam message was sent in 1978 by a marketing manager to 393 people via ARPANET. It was an advertising campaign for a new product from the company he worked for, the Digital Equipment Corporation. For those first 393 spammed people it was as annoying as it would be today, regardless of the novelty of the idea.1 Receiving spam is an inconvenience, but it may also create an opportunity for a malicious actor to steal personal information or install malware.2 Spam consists of sending unsolicited messages in bulk. It is considered a cybersecurity threat when used as an attack vector to distribute or enable other threats. Another noteworthy aspect is how spam may sometimes be confused or misclassified as a phishing campaign. The main difference between the two is the fact that phishing is a targeted action using social engineering tactics, actively aiming to steal users’ data. In contrast spam is a tactic for sending unsolicited e-mails to a bulk list. Phishing campaigns can use spam tactics to distribute messages while spam can link the user to a compromised website to install malware and steal personal data. Spam campaigns, during these last 41 years have taken advantage of many popular global social and sports events such as UEFA Europa League Final, US Open, among others. Even so, nothing compared with the spam activity seen this year with the COVID-19 pandemic.8 2 __Findings 85%_of all e-mails exchanged in April 2019 were spam, a 15-month high1 14_million -
Locating Spambots on the Internet
BOTMAGNIFIER: Locating Spambots on the Internet Gianluca Stringhinix, Thorsten Holzz, Brett Stone-Grossx, Christopher Kruegelx, and Giovanni Vignax xUniversity of California, Santa Barbara z Ruhr-University Bochum fgianluca,bstone,chris,[email protected] [email protected] Abstract the world-wide email traffic [20], and a lucrative busi- Unsolicited bulk email (spam) is used by cyber- ness has emerged around them [12]. The content of spam criminals to lure users into scams and to spread mal- emails lures users into scams, promises to sell cheap ware infections. Most of these unwanted messages are goods and pharmaceutical products, and spreads mali- sent by spam botnets, which are networks of compro- cious software by distributing links to websites that per- mised machines under the control of a single (malicious) form drive-by download attacks [24]. entity. Often, these botnets are rented out to particular Recent studies indicate that, nowadays, about 85% of groups to carry out spam campaigns, in which similar the overall spam traffic on the Internet is sent with the mail messages are sent to a large group of Internet users help of spamming botnets [20,36]. Botnets are networks in a short amount of time. Tracking the bot-infected hosts of compromised machines under the direction of a sin- that participate in spam campaigns, and attributing these gle entity, the so-called botmaster. While different bot- hosts to spam botnets that are active on the Internet, are nets serve different, nefarious goals, one important pur- challenging but important tasks. In particular, this infor- pose of botnets is the distribution of spam emails. -
Trusting Spam Reporters: a Reporter-Based Reputation System for Email Filtering
Trusting Spam Reporters: A Reporter-based Reputation System for Email Filtering ELENA ZHELEVA University of Maryland, College Park ALEKSANDER KOLCZ Microsoft Live Labs LISE GETOOR University of Maryland, College Park Spam is a growing problem; it interferes with valid email and burdens both email users and service providers. In this work, we propose a reactive spam-filtering system based on reporter reputation for use in conjunction with existing spam-filtering techniques. The system has a trust- maintenance component for users, based on their spam-reporting behavior. The challenge that we consider is that of maintaining a reliable system, not vulnerable to malicious users, that will provide early spam-campaign detection to reduce the costs incurred by users and systems. We report on the utility of a reputation system for spam filtering that makes use of the feedback of trustworthy users. We evaluate our proposed framework, using actual complaint feedback from a large population of users, and validate its spam-filtering performance on a collection of real email traffic over several weeks. To test the broader implication of the system, we create a model of the behavior of malicious reporters, and we simulate the system under various assumptions using a synthetic dataset. Categories and Subject Descriptors: H.1 [Information Systems]: Models and Principles General Terms: Algorithms Additional Key Words and Phrases: spam filtering; reputation systems; trust. Author’s address: E. Zheleva, Computer Science Department, AV Williams Bldg., University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742. c ACM, 2009. This is the author’s version of the work. It is posted here by permission of ACM for your personal use. -
The History of Spam Timeline of Events and Notable Occurrences in the Advance of Spam
The History of Spam Timeline of events and notable occurrences in the advance of spam July 2014 The History of Spam The growth of unsolicited e-mail imposes increasing costs on networks and causes considerable aggravation on the part of e-mail recipients. The history of spam is one that is closely tied to the history and evolution of the Internet itself. 1971 RFC 733: Mail Specifications 1978 First email spam was sent out to users of ARPANET – it was an ad for a presentation by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) 1984 Domain Name System (DNS) introduced 1986 Eric Thomas develops first commercial mailing list program called LISTSERV 1988 First know email Chain letter sent 1988 “Spamming” starts as prank by participants in multi-user dungeon games by MUDers (Multi User Dungeon) to fill rivals accounts with unwanted electronic junk mail. 1990 ARPANET terminates 1993 First use of the term spam was for a post from USENET by Richard Depew to news.admin.policy, which was the result of a bug in a software program that caused 200 messages to go out to the news group. The term “spam” itself was thought to have come from the spam skit by Monty Python's Flying Circus. In the sketch, a restaurant serves all its food with lots of spam, and the waitress repeats the word several times in describing how much spam is in the items. When she does this, a group of Vikings in the corner start a song: "Spam, spam, spam, spam, spam, spam, spam, spam, lovely spam! Wonderful spam!" Until told to shut up. -
Federal Register/Vol. 85, No. 77/Tuesday, April 21, 2020/Rules
Federal Register / Vol. 85, No. 77 / Tuesday, April 21, 2020 / Rules and Regulations 22029 and-comment requirements of the FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS Synopsis Administrative Procedure Act, see 5 COMMISSION I. Introduction U.S.C. 553(b)(A). 7. Implementation. As a temporary 47 CFR Part 64 1. Each day, Americans receive transition measure, for 90 days after millions of unwanted phone calls. One source indicates that Americans publication of this document in the [WC Docket Nos. 17–97, 20–67; FCC 20– received over 58 billion such calls in Federal Register, U.S. Bank will 42; FRS 16631] continue to process payments to P.O. 2019 alone. These include ‘‘spoofed’’ Box 979088. After that date, forfeiture Call Authentication Trust Anchor; calls whereby the caller falsifies caller payments must be made in accordance Implementation of TRACED Act— ID information that appears on a with the procedures set forth in each Knowledge of Customers by Entities recipient’s phone to deceive them into forfeiture order and on the With Access to Numbering Resources thinking the call is from someone they Commission’s website, www.fcc.gov/ know or can trust. Spoofing has legal licensing-databases/fees. For now, such AGENCY: Federal Communications and illegal uses. For example, medical payments will be made through the Fee Commission. professionals calling patients from their Filer Online System (Fee Filer), mobile phones often legally spoof the accessible at https://www.fcc.gov/ ACTION: Final rule. outgoing phone number to be the office licensing-databases/fees/fee-filer. As we phone number for privacy reasons, and assess and implement U.S. -
COMBATTING NUISANCE CALLS and TEXTS a Comparative Policy Study of Practices in Multiple Countries Claire Milne Contents
COMBATTING NUISANCE CALLS AND TEXTS A comparative policy study of practices in multiple countries Claire Milne Contents Nuisance calls – a growing problem 4 A form of pollution 5 Telemarketers’ rights versus consumers’ rights 6 Variations among countries’ experiences 7 Scope for better regulation and enforcement 11 Do not call registers – a common route to addressing the problem 13 How to run a do not call register 17 How effective are do not call registers? 18 Other measures to combat nuisance calls and texts 19 Infl uencing telemarketers’ behaviour directly 19 Working with networks that carry nuisance calls 21 Disciplining data handlers 22 Helping consumers to protect themselves 23 Regulation and enforcement 25 Which authorities regulate nuisance calls? 25 Tools and resources for enforcement 27 Conclusions 29 Endnotes 31 Acknowledgements: Thanks are due to Isabel Kuhn of LSE (German country review), Nabiha Mahmood of PTA (India and Pakistan country reviews), Paul Moura of Hunton Williams (support on the United States TCPA), Julia Cornwell McKean of ACMA (Australia), Jan Evert Hummelen of ACM (Netherlands), Tom Lowry of CRTC (Canada), Hilde Merethe Berg of the Norwegian Ministry of Children, Equality and Social Inclusion, Steve Smith of trueCall, Nick Ireland of NICC, Yashraj Jain of TPS, Anna Fielder of Privacy International, and others, too many to mention or who prefer not to be named, but to whom the author is nonetheless very grateful. The author remains responsible for all errors and omissions as well as for views expressed. She will be glad to receive corrections and additions. The study undertook detailed country situation reviews for the USA, Australia, Germany, India/Pakistan and the UK, and situation outlines for Norway, the Netherlands and Canada, as well as the broader overview refl ected in this report, whose sources are given in the Endnotes. -
Keep Receiving Scam Calls
Keep Receiving Scam Calls Osseous Fritz lauds endways while Buddy always dishonors his hamlets incardinate everywhen, he invading so shoddily. Kurtis receding bearably as evangelistic Jefferson sniff her canfield confesses gratingly. Lynn still nurture privatively while monachal Barnard outjockey that dandlers. You from still receive calls from entities you also given permission to contact you. If the scammers call you hop UP Do you talk too them whom are very plain at keeping people went the terrible and isolating the victim will not engage them shed a. Commission can give Americans a way of avoid getting telemarketing calls at home Adding. Protecting against fraudulent calls Google My objective Help. How rank I Stop Fake and Spam Calls at My CallSource. Social Security Administration scams There's a blatant way to. Or any email address and others like a wide range of keeping your knees give way in the federal rules for misuse of the app. Do receive several extensions, keep your phone. Don't Call Back FCC Warns of West African 'One satellite' Phone Scam North Texans report receiving a snort of one-ring calls from 232 country. Not Call Registry to both getting spam calls from reputable marketers. Scam phone calls are not cite new crusade but scammers are getting bolder and more. Malicious calls The caller makes threats or talks maliciously and calls repeatedly Scam calls Scams often sound like walking're getting her special offer before the screw is. Does * 67 still work? With scammers getting smarter you pet to fix how is stop these invasive annoying calls There are these few steps you hardly take leave your own. -
Managing Unsolicited Communication Leveraging STIR/SHAKEN and Blockchain
Managing Unsolicited Communication Leveraging STIR/SHAKEN and Blockchain Tech Mahindra and IBM POV STIR/SHAKEN BLOCKCHAIN POV 1 Table of Contents Introduction 3 STIR/SHAKEN Framework 3 Secured Telephony Identity Revisited (STIR) 3 Signature-based Handling of Asserted information using toKENs (SHAKEN) 4 How do STIR/SHAKEN work in a telecom network? 4 Limitations of STIR/SHAKEN Framework 5 How is India resolving the Great '1 Bn Subscriber Problem" by adopting Blockchain? 5 Benefits of DLT UCC Solution 6 Architecture for implementation of UCC ecosystem based on DLT 6 Ledgers for DLT UCC Solution 7 Performance of the DLT UCC Solution 8 Platform To Curb RoboCalls and Caller ID Spoofing for US Operators: 8 A Use Case for Integration of DLT UCC Solution with the STIR/SHAKEN framework 8 Call flow with integrated STIR/SHAKEN and DLT UCC Solution 9 Why the IBM Blockchain Platform for the DLT? 10 Conclusion 10 STIR/SHAKEN BLOCKCHAIN POV 2 Introduction The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) is a bipartisan federal agency with a dual mission to protect consumers and promote competition. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regulates interstate and international communications by radio, television, wire, satellite, and cable in all 50 states. The District of Columbia and US territories regularly cite “unwanted and illegal robocalls" as their top complaint category. The FTC got more than 1.9 million complaints filed in the first five months of 2017 and around 5.3 million in 2016. The FCC has stated that it gets more than 200,000 complaints about unwanted telemarketing calls each year. The consumers are increasingly the targets of unsolicited and often fraudulent robocalls, which are enabled by caller ID spoofing. -
Synology Mailplus Server Administrator's Guide Based on Mailplus Server 1.4.0 Table of Contents
Synology MailPlus Server Administrator's Guide Based on MailPlus Server 1.4.0 Table of Contents Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: Getting Started with MailPlus Server Connect Synology NAS to the Internet 5 Set up DNS 5 Set up MailPlus Server 7 Set up MailPlus Email Client 10 Third Party Email Clients 13 Troubleshoot 16 Chapter 3: Mail Migration Create a mail migration task on MailPlus Server 18 How to import system configurations from Microsoft Exchange to MailPlus Server 25 Chapter 4: User Licenses Purchase Licenses 27 Install Licenses 27 How to Use Licenses 30 Chapter 5: Account Settings Account System 31 Activate Accounts 32 Manage Privileges 34 Chapter 6: Protocol Settings SMTP 35 IMAP/POP3 36 Network Interface 37 Chapter 7: SMTP Settings Service Settings 38 SMTP Secure Connection 41 Mail Relay 47 Mail Management 48 Personal Settings 61 Chapter 8: Security Settings Spam 64 Antivirus Scan 73 Authentication 77 Content Protection 79 2 Chapter 9: Monitor Settings Monitor Server Status 84 Monitor Mail Queue 88 Monitor Mail Log 89 Chapter 10: Disaster Recovery High-availability Cluster 97 Backup and Restore Mail 103 Syno_UsersGuide_MailPlus_Server_20171114 3 Chapter Introduction 1 The Synology MailPlus suite is an advanced, secured email service with high usability. This suite includes two packages: MailPlus Server and MailPlus. MailPlus Server provides many management details and settings, while MailPlus provides client management and email services. This administrator's guide will guide you through setting up MailPlus Server and provide more detailed configuration instructions including DNS settings, mail service migration, and other security adjustments. MailPlus High-availability will help you achieve continuous email services, the mail queue feature provides management options for deferred messages, and the status monitoring feature provides you an overview of MailPlus health status. -
Henning Schulzrinne FCC 7/16/14 ITIF 2
7/16/14 ITIF 1 TECHNOLOGY TRANSITION: NUMBERING Henning Schulzrinne FCC 7/16/14 ITIF 2 Overview • Technology transition overview • The role of telephone numbers • The future of telephone numbers 7/16/14 ITIF 3 Technology Transitions application TDM voice VoIP (incl. VoLTE) transport network TDM circuits & IP packets analog fiber physical coax copper twisted-pair layer wireless copper twisted-pair (and combinations) 7/16/14 ITIF 4 The universe of IP transitions cable video PSTN satellite video numbers 911 7/16/14 ITIF 5 The three transitions From to motivation issues Copper fiber capacity competition maintenance cost (“unbundled network elements”) Wired wireless mobility capacity cost in rural areas quality Circuits packets flexibility line power (IP) cost per bit VoIP, VoLTE 7/16/14 ITIF 6 Dividing the problem space universal reach power intra network reliability consumer protection Tech transition interconnection inter network 911 numbering 7/16/14 ITIF 7 Interstate switched access minutes 7/16/14 ITIF 8 Lines are disappearing, but maintenance costs are constant 100 JSI Capital Advisors projection 80 voice only (DSL: 20 M) 60 40 20 Residential 0 Business per-line monthly maintenance $2.72 $17.57 cost voice revenue/line: dis $50 7/16/14 ITIF 9 Switches are ageing 1979 Nortel DMS-100 http://www.phworld.org/switch/ntess.htm 7/16/14 ITIF 10 Engines for tech transition • Consumer-induced • Landline cellular • uneven by geography, income, ethnicity • but decreasing rate • why do household keep or abandon landlines? • ILEC DSL cable company