Pedestrian Area Design to Promote Social Interaction

International Journal of Architecture and Urban Development 31 4 ). It is also surrounded 3 . The result shows that The result . 1 and Isfahan Grand Bazaar 2 Amirhossein Shabani 3 by main roads such as monumental Chahar-bagh Khajoo Chahar-bagh roads such as monumental by main is confronting neighborhood the but nevertheless Avenue, fading and buildings blighted urban functions, in reduction The main goal of the present cultural and historical identity. areas which are drivers of developmentstudy is identifying In protecting historical context, in contrast to conventional in contrast context, historical In protecting on physical renovation, which merely concentrate traditions shown that has been it practice; is a social revitalization in contribution has much greater social capital considering inadequate in projects revitalization in of life quality citizen’s prepares project successful revitalization A areas. living more have residents therefore environment, a welcoming opportunity to make social interactions and have active life. In Isfahan city there are vast deprived areas which need number Khajoo neighborhood (in district operation. urgent which is areas of Isfahan) is one of deprived 3 municipality sites (Naqsh-e- historical of two gorgeous in proximity located Jahan Square Tehran, Iran. Tehran, Farah Habib, 2 Recieved 12.09.2014; Accepted 04.08.2015 Recieved 12.09.2014; Elaheh Naghibi, * 1 Pedestrian areas are a type of urban public space, nowadays because of the serious consequences Pedestrian areas are a type of urban public space, (Case study: Isfahan Khajoo Neighborhood) (Case study: Pedestrian Zone, Pedestrian, Environmental Qualities, Social Interactions, Urban Design, Isfahan Qualities, Social Interactions, Urban Design, Pedestrian Zone, Pedestrian, Environmental [email protected] Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, Najaf-Abad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najaf-Abad, Iran. Azad University, and Urbanism, Najaf-Abad Branch, Islamic Architecture Faculty of edestrian Area Design to Promote Social Interaction Social Interaction Design to Promote Area edestrian 3 M.A. Urban Design, Department of Art and Architecture, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Azad University, Branch, Islamic Science and Research Architecture, Art and of M.A. Urban Design, Department 1 Professor, Department of Art and Architecture, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Tehran, University, Azad Islamic Branch, Research and Science Architecture, and Art of Department Professor, P The case of study is Khajoo Neighborhood, one of the oldest and historical neighbors of Isfahan the oldest and historical The case of study is Khajoo Neighborhood, one of to spend their time in urban space and have social interactions. design of pedestrian zones invite people and residents Keywords: Khajoo Neighborhood. about human health and movement in city create a new trend in contemporary urbanism, entitled “pedestrianization urbanism, entitled a new trend in contemporary in city create and movement about human health given been always have they and cars of influence the under defined been has streets the in walking far, So movement”. their essential pedestrians from spaces, retreat conquer urban cars gradually As a result, a priority over pedestrians. rights to use public spaces. If it is accepted that in car free zones than anywhere else in the can be seen much greater this influence activities, social everyday the citizens’ quality of urban public areas has a considerable influence spaces, so in urban social interactions of the present study is enhancing purpose of the main The main attention on city. the study is finding solutions and providinga model and design criteria to promote social interaction of citizens. The of pedestrian areas and social interactions. is based on reviewing literature which is qualitative research methodology ABSTRACT: ABSTRACT: for of walking and the necessity needs, a consensus on the importance and ignoring pedestrian of car-dependency The concerns planners and people. has been formed among urban designers, planning for pedestrians movement 2 Development and Urban Architecture of Journal International 2015 No.2, Spring Vol.5, *Corresponding Author Emaile: equilibriumization and traffic calming in chronological order (Kashanijoo, 2014, 46). During the last hundred years, four main trends have been have trends hundred years, four main last During the introduced about the relationship between cars and urban pedestrianization, spaces which are vehicularization, spaces cannot invite people to peace, presence, and social the space, cars cause people to leave however, interactions; considerably. reduced been have qualities environmental while places, activities, feeling of liveliness, discovering the values of liveliness, feeling places, activities, and hidden attractions in urban environment.(Mofidi, 2013, 23). public urban of cars in cities, Nowadays with the arrival In general, pedestrian movement has always been the most movement In general, pedestrian in form of moving most essential and the the oldest, natural, for observing tool a major and walking is still environment the INTRODUCTION ** in the neighborhood. We aim to suggest design of pedestrian Revising the scholars’ ideas and categorizing them into areas which enhances social interaction and consequently four components of physical, functional, aesthetic, and improves resident’s sense of place. The study has been environmental; proposed pattern and design criteria which are practical in Identifying the component, principles, criteria and indicators similar circumstances. of pedestrian area and social interaction;

Vol.5, No.2, Spring 2015 Spring No.2, Vol.5, Overlay the component, principles, criteria and indicators MATERIALS AND METHODS pedestrian area and social interaction resulting from theories As the article is mainly concentrated on theoretical aspects with the criteria of successful international cases. of pedestrian area, the research methodology was based on reviewing literature of pedestrian area in books, scientific The Concept and Definition of Pedestrian journals, research projects, and reliable websites. Because Areas of the research data, qualitative research methods have been As an inescapable part of our everyday life world, walking used. is an embodied practice with specific lived qualities. It is In this study, at first, literature and theoretical fundamentals also a mode of “experiencing place” and “the city”. It is a of pedestrian-oriented areas and social interactions have been multifaceted activity and a temporal practice, which has an reviewed; various qualities of pedestrian areas are categorized impact on design; as such urban walking has yet to be fully International Journal of Architecture and Urban Development Urban and Architecture of Journal International into four components such as physical, functional, aesthetic understood and engaged with. (Wunderrich, 2008,1) and environmental; then the principles, criteria and indicators Pedestrian areas are referred to the passages which are of each category has been explained. Finally, by comparing exclusively available to pedestrians and motor vehicles are the principles, criteria and indicators of pedestrian areas and only allowed to access for essential services. The passages social interactions with successful international cases, the can be streets, markets, malls, squares, parks or open space of theoretical framework of the study have been obtained. The a residential complex. research process can be defined as: (Moeini, 2011, 24). Defining goals, qualitative objectives and research questions; Pedestrian areas are paths with the highest social role; in these Reviewing literature of pedestrian area in books, scientific areas the pedestrians have full control of the space. They are journals, research projects, and reliable websites; tools for collective actions, particularly in relation to urban Categorizing viewpoints of Iranian and International scholars economics, environmental quality, and social health (Pakzad, on the pedestrian area and social interaction. 2005, 274).

Table 1: Characteristics of Good pedestrian City. (Gehl, 2002, 4)

Good City strolling and lingering City A Good City of social and A Good City of talking, A lively, diverse and safe cultural interactions watching and experiencing city Characteristics Room to walk with dignity, integrity and Space for cultural activities Low level of noise and few A wide variety of 24 hour without overcrowding. and communication. disturbances. activities. Comfortable climatic conditions. Sun Space for street theatre, Intimate public spaces. Open in the evenings with and shade depending on the season and clowns and jesters, music Fine landscape and good lit window displays. protection from the wind. Pleasant facades and small scale commercial details. Safe places and streets at street level to stroll alongside and activities. Interesting facades. both day and night. observe. Democratic public spaces

Characteristics Good conditions for people with disabilities for all. and people with prams. Clear structure in the pedestrian system. It should be easy to find your way around. A pedestrian system that connects important destinations. Ability to promenade through the city. Good walking rhythm with few interruptions. Few and short waiting times at intersections. Many well placed benches. Widespread secondary seating such as steps and edges of planter boxes. Well-situated cafes and outdoor restaurants. Beautiful and effective lighting.

International Journal of Architecture and Urban Development 33 Fig. 2: User friendly trails. (Tiwari, 2013, 23) Fig. 2: User friendly trails. (Tiwari,

Store spillover; Parking. All uses will be increased at 6PM: by evening, by sidewalk cafes some of the motorbike parking is replaced crowd. after-work which have swelled again to meet the (Kim, 2012, 9) (Fig.3) in Urban Principles of prioritizing to Pedestrian Movement 2 and the characteristics of Table in Space are summarized A Good City for talking, watching and experiencing; watching and Good City for talking, A 2002, to move around in. (Gehl, diverse and safe city lively, A 4) (Table.1) of Pedestrian Community Emphases Major Preventing suburb growth; Improving level of activity; (Goli, 2008,27) (Fig.1) Economic restructuring. Pedestrian Friendliness Characteristics of Permeability; Legibility; Variety; Robustness; appropriateness; Visual Personalisation; 2013,23) (Fig.2) Richness. (Tiwari, Activities Diversity of Sidewalk Life 3 important types of uses of sidewalk include: Food; Leisure; Commerce. And other uses of sidewalk include: Economic Restructuring Suburb Suburb Growth Pedestrian Preventing Community Activity Level ofLevel Improving Improving

Fig. 1: Major Emphases of Pedestrian Community. (Goli, 2008,27) Fig. 1: Major Emphases of Pedestrian Community. Characteristics of Pedestrianism Good City Good City Characteristics of Pedestrianism Good City for strolling and lingering; A Good City for social and cultural exchanges; A Public health/education; Public health/education; the vitality of neighborhoods. vitality, environmental Equity, 87) (Moeini, 2011, Creating an attractive environment; and transportation, land use Appropriate connection, importance of mixed uses; Safety and security; Continuity / integrity of network; Access; Objectives and Common Indicators of of Objectives and Common Indicators Area Plans of Pedestrian Comprehensive therefor these spaces invite people to urban spaces, they invite people to urban spaces, they therefor these spaces to the presence in the city and gradually become accustomed areas (Moeini, civic activities and spend more time in urban 26). 2011, observation and various activities, in pedestrian areas, people activities, in pedestrian areas, people observation and various to stop, stay for white, change direction, have a high freedom with other people and surroundings; and direct contact (Oranratemanee, 2014, 211). (Oranratemanee, 2014, 211). of access and connection, pedestrian In addition to the role for social contact, amusement, areas are safe and comfortable spaces function in the scale of city and various groups of scale of city and various groups of spaces function in the may background socio-economical different with residents, use them. Pedestrian areas are centers for walking, a place for presence walking, a place for presence areas are centers for Pedestrian These in public life. and their participation of all citizens Table 3: Site selection criteria for pedestrian area design in the neigh-

borhood (Kashanijoo, 2014, 72)

Dom Nozzi’s criteria (sixteen-Items) Vol.5, No.2, Spring 2015 Spring No.2, Vol.5, Convivial concentration of pedestrian Residential densities Human-scaled dimensions Active and diverse retail Traffic calming 24 hour activity Narrow lots Weather protection Wide sidewalks Unobtrusive equipment International Journal of Architecture and Urban Development Urban and Architecture of Journal International

Active building fronts Fig. 3: Diversity of Sidewalk Life Activities in 24 hours. (Kim, 2012, Modest turn radii and crossing distances 9) Proximity Short block lengths Vista termination

Appropriate businesses Table 2: Principles of prioritizing to pedestrian movement in urban space (Kashanijoo, 2014, 67) social interaction such as Jan Gehl, William H. Whyte, Carr, Montgomery, Gehl and Gemzoe, Oldenburg, Christofer Tom Franklin’s control list (Ten-Items) Alexander, Cyrill B. Paumier, Lefebvre, Cent, Henry Shaftoe, Landscape Wilson and Claret, Madanipour, Mostafa Hoseini, Rafieian Involvement has been presented and categorized into four components of Focusing on Accessibility instead of mobility physical, functional, aesthetic, and environmental. (Table.5) Assessment of Walking as a form of Transportation Attention to Quality of Pedestrian Paths Definition of Case Study: Khajoo Neighborhood Need to Connection with Health Centers in Isfahan Placing Equal Value between Small and Large Projects The History of Khajoo Neighborhood To Talk about Appellation and short history of Khajoo Necessity of Result, not Outcome Neighborhood, it could be mentioned that Khajoo means deep Attention to Quality stream. Khajoo is among the oldest and historical neighbors of Not Restricting Local Transportation Plan to Engineers Isfahan. Historical resources confirmed that the neighborhood existed in the 5th century and also it was thriving. The neighborhood was one of the most prosperous areas and the pedestrian site selection in the neighborhood are shown in place of nobility and courtiers. Long history of neighborhoods Table 3. shows that there are strong cultural traditions and social customs. Categorizing Viewpoints of Iranian and In the following, Geographical location of Khajoo neighborhood, International Scholars on the Pedestrian Area District 3 of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran and Bazaar path in and Social Interaction Khajoo neighborhood has been presented. (Fig.4 and Fig.5) In accordance with the topics presented in Table 4, Iranian and International Scholars Viewpoints on Pedestrian Area Identify Neighborhood Problems such as Jane Jacobs, Jan Gehl, Serge Chermayeff, Bill Hillier, The most important problems in Khajoo neighborhood are: Cy Paumier, Ali Madanipour, Mostafa Gholipour has been Traffic node; presented and categorized into four components of physical, Poor quality of pavement; functional, aesthetic, and environmental. Lack of public space for public use; Also Iranian and International scholars Viewpoints on Physical problems of neighborhood cores. (Fig.6)

International Journal of Architecture and Urban Development 35

Environmental X X dimension X

Aesthetic X X dimension X X

Functional X X X dimension X X X X X

Physical X X X dimension X X Concepts and Theories -Inviting people to long stops and attractions -Presence of attractive sights at eye level -Making an attractive diversity from sensory stimuli in space -Creating desirable human landscape resulting from combining micro- and macro-scale new constructions -Prioritizing urban life in cities unity that incorporates the three four-dimensional A -Space-Time: dimensions of space with time. -Movement, the factor of experiencing space perception: environmental on method transportation of effect -The walking, the most proximity with environment -Possibility of benefitting from non-visual stimuli in city by pedestrian citizen image for shopkeepers and retailers’ activity image for shopkeepers and retailers’ street in a-The need for having more than one commercial pedestrian successful city center -The need to integrate both pedestrian and automobile traffics in urban core with city center- Rich and vibrant outdoor restaurants and street cafes pedestrian areas -The recommendation of only one specific type of pavement for using in whole pedestrian network -More provide more sit benches in space -Fulfilling the goals of 21st Century including more vibrant, safer, more pedestrians, biketo sustainable, and healthier city by increasing attention riders, and life in city -Understanding space details by walking -Bike riders, part of urban life -Integrated transportation -Attention to urban soft edges -Rental bike in city centers optional, social -Three types of activity in urban space: necessary, numbers more by spaces public of =using Calming city=Traffic -Livable of people and spending leisure time in it in the space -Natural preservation of urban space by presence of people -Compatibility of successful public spaces with local traffic system and the importance of connection between spaces for pedestrians pedestrian travels:-Presence by product of movement in space in most of primary functionPossibility of doing other activities in addition to the to buy newspaper, of travel from origin to destination, such as stopping talking with a friend, viewing and watching around. as an attractive,-The need to landscape design city center main streets inviting, comfortable environment for pedestrians by benefittingplants, amenities and urban furniture from pedestrians in-The role of high quality environment for city center quality mentalphysical and economic regeneration and making a high -Mixed uses, social mixture, Flexibility -Mixed uses, social mixture, areas and vibrant pedestrian by active -Giving meaning to city center and diverse behaviors with possibility of social interactions transit, eligibility, activities, (pedestrian and integration -Accessibility connectivity) Spirituality) (Walkability, -Comfort and mental image and ceremonies, celebration (Retailing, -Uses and activities entertainment) activities, voluntarily (social networks, night activities, -Sociability cooperation) diversity, amiability, -Free public transportation facility Table 4: Summary of Different Theories on Pedestrianism Theories of Different 4: Summary Table Book, Article, Report Senses in Quality PedestrianSenses in Quality Space” Article, 2014 “Urban Space Design” Book, 2013 “The Role of non-Visual “Cities for People” Book, 2010 Center” Book, 2004 “Space Syntax” Theory, “Space Theory, Syntax” 1996 City Vibrant “Creating a “Community and Privacy” Book, 1964 “Life Between Buildings” Book, 1987 “The Death and Life of American Great Cities” Book, 1961 Resulting from studying more than 1000 urban public spaces in different countries, 2003 Theorists Mostafa Gholipour Ali Madanipour Jan Gehl Cyril B. Paumier Bill Hillier Serge Serge Chermayeff Jan Gehl Project for Public Space Jane Jacobs Table 5: Summary of Different Theories on social interaction Environmental Functional dimension dimension dimension dimension Aesthetic Physical Theorists Book, Article, Report Concepts and Theories Vol.5, No.2, Spring 2015 Spring No.2, Vol.5,

Jan Gehl “Cities for People” Book, -City as place of meeting X 2010 - public realm for exchanging thoughts and ideas William H. Whyte “City: Rediscovering the -The best places: Rare mixture of qualities X Center” Book, 2009 Carr et al. “Public Space” Book, 1992 5 main needs that people want to meet in public space: X - Comfort - Relaxation -Active engagement: A more direct contact with friends, relatives and strangers -Passive engagement: Watching people in environment -The possibility of discovering environment -Triangle phenomenon: Connection between people and strangers with the aid of external stimuli International Journal of Architecture and Urban Development Urban and Architecture of Journal International

Montgomery “Animation: a plea for -The importance of soft infrastructures (plans, activities, and various X activity in urban places” ceremonies) as much as hard infrastructures such as designing spaces Article, 1995 -24 Hours city as new approach to city centers revitalization -A diversity of primary and secondary uses -Growth of retailing economy Gehl and Gemzoe “New City Spaces“ Book, -Three main functions of public realms over the history:resorts,Market and X 2000 business,Place for meeting and communications

Oldenburg “The Great Good Place” -The third place:The Great Good Place: Cafes, coffee shops, bookstores, X Book, 1999 bars, hair salons and the other hang-outs at the heart of a community -The third place: informal public realms which embraces communities that voluntarily gather happily away from home and workplace Christofer Alexander, “A Pattern Language” -Effective factors in creating functional diversity: X Murray Silverstein, Book, 1977 Diversity of uses, usage over time, diversity of age and sex groups of users and Sara Ishikawa Cyril B. Paumier “Creating a Vibrant City -Possibility of observing the social interactions in city centers by creating X X X X Center” Book, 2004 opportunities for choice, surprise and adventure in individuals -Creating enough attraction for resorts to this place -Successful public space in the city center as basis for unusual social interactions, civil gatherings, informal recreations and holding special ceremonies -Using materials with highest quality as sign of respect to human values -Simple design of successful public realms Lefebvre “The Production of Space” -Introducing three dimensions of cognitive, intellectuals, and biological X X X Book, 1991 space as three social spaces Henry Shaftoe “ Convivial Urban Spaces: -Friendly urban spaces X X X Creating Effective Public -Public realm as everyday social life Places” Book, 2008 -The necessity of formation of universal public spaces - Strolling in space -Open space restaurants -Providing possibility of impromptu dialogue between strangers by three ways: hard and soft landscaping, public art and entertainment Madanipour “Urban Space Design” -Place is a space that has got value by people X X X Book, 2013 -Urban core , a place with rapid movement of multiple identities and potential multiplicity of social relations and interactions -social Everyday life viewpoint: Looking at issues from below by the street-level -To spatially comprehension of city, we should look at it both from above and below: From above the viewpoint of political economy, from below the viewpoint of everyday life Mostafa Hoseini “The Role of Collective -The role of collective memories on making sense of place and creating X Memory in Revitalizing social capital and encouraging collective activities. Urban Contexts” Article,2013 Rafieian “Urban Public Spaces, A -Four essential components of successful public realms: X Review and Qualitative Accessibity, active engagement with the environment,Comfort,Relaxation, Assessment” Article, 2005 Being a social place

International Journal of Architecture and Urban Development 37 C D

Fig.5: Google Earth photograph of Bazaar path in Khajoo neighborhood in Khajoo path Bazaar of photograph Earth Google Fig.5: B A Fig. 6: Identify the neighborhood problems (Khajoo neighborhood, Spring 2015) Fig. 4: Geographical location of Khajoo neighborhood

Vol.5, No.2, Spring 2015 Spring No.2, Vol.5,

A E International Journal of Architecture and Urban Development Urban and Architecture of Journal International

B F

C G

D H Fig. 7: Examining criteria of pedestrian site selection in Khajoo neighborhood (Khajoo neighborhood , spring 2015)

International Journal of Architecture and Urban Development 39 D E G F Fig. 8: Proposing creative solutions for pedestrian area design in Khajoo neighborhood (using the successful international pedestrianism projects)(Vancouver ,Canada ,Spring 2015) (using the successful international pedestrianism projects)(Vancouver C B A RESULTS AND DISCUSSION RESULTS include: aspects of physical design of pedestrian area Various Surface Design; suggested solutions were represented in order to improve andsuggested solutions were (Fig.7)design pedestrian area. According to theoretical framework about pedestrian areasAccording to theoretical we examine Dom Nozzi's criteriasite selection, in this chapter Then area of study through the pictures, (sixteen-Items) in the Examining the Criteria of Pedestrian Site of Pedestrian the Criteria Examining in Khajoo Neighborhood Selection Minor Architectural Features; CONCLUSION Equipment for play and leisure; In the present study based on relevant literature of pedestrian Lighting; zones, some of the most important criteria for of design of Green spaces and plants; pedestrian areas and social interaction have been obtained. Fountains; Also the criteria are categorized in four components including

Vol.5, No.2, Spring 2015 Spring No.2, Vol.5, Public art. (Kashanijoo, 2014, 90) physical, functional, aesthetic, and environmental. For effective In the following ,some of the best creative strategies for use of indictors, they compared and adapted with local cultures pedestrian and social norms of residents. In this process special attention area design in Khajoo neighborhood by using the successful has been paid to mobility, cultural traditions, social norms, International pedestrianism projects have been proposed. gathering places and so on. As a result, indicators to assess (Fig.8) and design of pedestrian areas in the neighborhood have been

Table 6: Dimensions, principles, criteria and indicators of pedestian area design to promote social interaction in Khajoo Neighborhood International Journal of Architecture and Urban Development Urban and Architecture of Journal International

Dimension Principles Criteria Indicators Walkability 1.Accessability and permeability 1-1-Smart and integrated transportation system Physical Promote social interaction 2.Safety and security 1-2-Traffic calming dimension 3. Physical form 1-3-Priority of pedestrian and bicycle 2-1- Visibility of pedestrian and driver 2-2- Diminishing dark and secrete corners 2-3- Active building’s facade

3-1- Beautification of the urban environment 3-2- Removing obstacles and annoying elements in space 3-3- Suitable pedestrian infrastructure Walkability 1.Diversity, mix use and compatibility 1-1-Diversity of users Functional Promote social interaction of activities 1-2-Diversity of available transportation mode dimension 2. Flexibility 1-3-Compatibility of land use 3. Liveability and vitality 1-4-Restaurants and cafes in open spaces 4. Welcoming and social interaction 2-1- Multifunctional spaces for days and nights 2-2- flexible urban furniture 2-3- preparing urban spaces for optional social activities 3-1- convivial concentration of pedestrian 3-2- Long time stop and attractions in space 3-3- Easy face to face communication 3-4- Presence in the street as a destination 4-1- Social urban space 4-2- collective memories 4-3- Paying attention to human scale 4-4- Strolling and pause 4-5- protecting public space, semi-public and private spaces 4-6- Sense of place 4-7- Public art Walkability 1.Legibility 1-1-Landmarks Aesthetic Promote social interaction 2.Visual character 1-2-Historical building dimension 1-3-Human scale design at eye level 2-1- Complexity, enjoyment and visual pleasure 2-2- Considering architectural values in design 2-3- Proportions and details of facades Walkability 1.Harmony with nature 1-1-Promoting pedestrianism Environmental Promote social interaction 2.Energy Efficiency 1-2-Prediction of open spaces dimension 3.Weather protection 1-3-Encouraging people to use non-motorized vehicles or public transportation 2-1- Paying close attention to shadow and orientation of buildings 2-2- Using local materials 2-3- Active and diverse retails 3-1- Reducing pollution (noise and smell) 3-2- Design Shelter of Transportation stations 3-3- Preparing the charming fountain in urban space

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The Danish Adelaide, (A.Ghafari,Trans). ed.).Island press. historically, is the most famous in all of Persia. historically, REFERENCES Isfahan, Iran, also known as "Qeysarriyeh Bazaar" in Isfahan constructed in the Safavid era of Iran,The avenue, monuments as World Heritage is also a world record. Heritage World monuments as ENDNOTES Tehran. about 340 kilometres south of interaction approach "that is presented in Islamic Azad approach "that is presented in Islamic interaction Tehran. and Research Branch Science, University, ACKNOWLEDGEMENT thesis master's Naghibi Elaheh the from is taken article This Design of walkway with the promotion of social entitled" and indicators of pedestian area design to promote social promote to design area of pedestian indicators and in the be presented in Khajoo Neighborhood will interaction following chart. (Table.6) enhancing sense of unity, enhancing sense of attachment to of attachment sense enhancing sense of unity, enhancing place, diversity and vitality. criteria Dimensions, principles, At the end, the most important Khajoo neighborhood. that in proposing solutions, we always It is worth mentioning including design urban of goals major three mind in keep present study based on principles and criteria of pedestrian- and criteria study based on principles present have been proposed which indicators design several oriented to walk and social people to encourage of them intend all of and in whole view they leads to revitalization interactions, Europe and America are trying to putting them into practice. into them to putting trying are America and Europe in order to make experience to use international It is rational needs. In to human suitable and more urban spaces healthier in recent centuries these criteria are attracting considerable are attracting criteria these centuries in recent pedestrian of walking and therefore the importance attention, again and planners and managers in role has been raised fossil fuels use, reduction of air pollution in order to increase in order to of air pollution fossil fuels use, reduction in order to of urban space attractive transport, promoting public Since health. and walkability enhance to citizens its encourage proposed. of are: reduction of sustainability criteria Among important (4), 79-92. Quality Pedestrian Space. Journal of MANZAR, 27, 48-60. Rafieian, M. (2005). Urban Public Spaces, a Review and Mofidi, S.M. (2013). Concerns Coupled with Qualitative Assessment. Pedestrianization and Implementation Methods, International Moeini, M. (2011). Increasing the Pedestrianization Journal of Architecture and Urban Development, 4 (1), 23-28. 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