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Satipatthana: Jalan Langsung Ke Tujuan Satipatthana: Jalan Langsung ke Tujuan SATIPATTHANA JALAN LANGSUNG KE TUJUAN Bhikkhu Analayo Dharma Universal Bagi Semua Cetakan I, Februari 2012 Satipatthana: Jalan Langsung ke Tujuan 15,5x22,5 cm, xvi + 452 hlm ISBN: 978-979-8727-68-9 Judul bahasa Inggris: SATIPATTHANA: THE DIRECT PATH TO REALIZATION Published by Windhorse Publications 11 Park Road Birmingham B13 8AB © Bhikkhu Analayo 2003 Reprinted 2004, 2006 with minor corrections, 2007 Penerjemah dan Penyunting: Tim Potowa Center Hak cipta terjemahan Indonesia ini pada Yayasan Pelestarian Tradisi Mahayana bekerja sama dengan Yayasan Karaniya dilindungi undang-undang. Demi menghormati karya cipta pihak lain, seyogianya buku Dharma tidak difotokopi atau diperbanyak tanpa izin dari penerbit. Isi buku ini boleh dikutip untuk rujukan tanpa perlu izin khusus dari penerbit. Dengan membeli buku ini, berarti Anda ikut membantu kelangsungan perjuangan nirlaba penerbit dalam menyediakan buku Dharma di Indonesia. Online: e-mail: [email protected]; website: www.karaniya.com DAFTAR ISI Daftar Gambar .................................................................................ix Prakata Tim Penerjemah ...................................................................xi Prakata Penerbit .............................................................................xiii Kata Pengantar .................................................................................1 Sutta Satipatthana.............................................................................. 5 Bab I Aspek-aspek Umum dari Jalan Langsung .................23 I.1. Kerangka Sutta Satipatthana .........................................23 I.2. Kajian Mengenai Empat Satipatthana ...........................28 I.3. Relevansi Masing-masing Satipatthana untuk Memperoleh Realisasi ...................................................32 I.4. Karakteristik dari Masing-masing Satipatthana .............35 I.5. Istilah “Jalan Langsung” ...............................................39 I.6. Istilah Satipatthana .......................................................42 Bab II Bagian “Definisi” Sutta Satipatthana ......................47 II.1. Kontemplasi .................................................................48 II.2. Pentingnya Kualitas “Rajin” (Atapi) ..............................51 II.3. Tahu dengan Jelas (Sampajana) ....................................59 II.4. Sati dan Sampajana ......................................................61 v Satipatthana: Jalan Langsung ke Tujuan Bab III Sati ...........................................................................65 III.1. Pendekatan Masa Awal Buddhadhamma Terhadap Pengetahuan .................................................................65 III.2. Sati ...............................................................................68 III.3. Fungsi dan Kedudukan Sati ..........................................72 III.4. Gambaran Sati .............................................................77 III.5. Karakteristik dan Fungsi Sati ........................................84 III.6. Sati dan Samadhi ..........................................................89 Bab IV Relevansi dari Samadhi ............................................97 IV.1. Bebas dari Keinginan dan Penolakan ............................97 IV.2. Samadhi, Samma Samadhi dan Jhana .........................103 IV.3. Jhana dan Realisasi .....................................................113 IV.4. Kontribusi Jhana Pada Kemajuan Vipassana ...............122 IV.5. Samatha dan Vipassana ...............................................126 Bab V Bagian “Pengulangan” Dalam Satipatthana ........... 131 V.1. Kontemplasi Internal dan Eksternal ...........................135 V.2. Berbagai Interpretasi Mengenai Kontemplasi Internal dan Eksternal ................................................140 V.3. Berubah-ubah dan Tidak Pasti (Anicca) ......................146 V.4. Kesalingterkaitan (Paticca Samuppada) .......................151 V.5. Prinsip Paticca Samuppada dan Aplikasi Praktis dari Paticca Samuppada ...............................................156 V.6. Semata-mata Menyadari dan Tidak Mencengkeram Apa pun .....................................................................159 Bab VI Tubuh .....................................................................167 VI.1. Kontemplasi Tubuh ....................................................167 VI.2. Tujuan dan Manfaat Kontemplasi Tubuh ...................173 VI.3. Sati Akan Keluar Masuknya Napas (Anapanasati) .......178 VI.4. Sutta Anapanasati .......................................................189 VI.5. Postur Tubuh dan Aktivitas Tubuh .............................193 VI.6. Bagian-bagian Tubuh dan Elemen-elemen ..................207 VI.7. Mayat yang Membusuk dan Meditasi Kematian .........217 vi Bab VII Vedana ....................................................................223 VII.1. Kontemplasi Sensasi (Vedana) .....................................223 VII.2. Sensasi dan Cara Pandang (Ditthi)..............................230 VII.3. Sensasi yang Menyenangkan dan Pentingnya Kenyamanan (Piti) .....................................................235 VII.4. Sensasi yang Tidak Menyenangkan .............................241 VII.5. Sensasi Netral .............................................................245 Bab VIII Citta .......................................................................249 VIII.1. Kontemplasi Citta ......................................................249 VIII.2. Sati yang Nonreaktif Akan Keadaan Citta...................251 VIII.3. Empat Keadaan Citta “Biasa” .....................................254 VIII.4. Empat Keadaan Citta yang “Lebih Halus” ..................257 Bab IX Dhamma: Rintangan ..............................................263 IX.1. Kontemplasi Dhamma ................................................263 IX.2. Kontemplasi Lima Rintangan .....................................269 IX.3. Pentingnya Mengetahui Rintangan .............................274 IX.4. Kondisi-kondisi Bagi Ada atau Tiadanya Rintangan ...277 Bab X Dhamma: Khandha ................................................291 X.1. Lima Himpunan (Pancakhandha) ...............................291 X.2. Konteks Sejarah dari Ajaran tentang Anatta ................300 X.3. Sosok yang Dialami dan Kontemplasi Khandha ..........302 X.4. Muncul dan Berlalunya Khandha ...............................308 Bab XI Dhamma: Lingkup Indrawi ....................................313 XI.1. Lingkup Indrawi dan Belenggu ..................................313 XI.2. Proses Persepsi ............................................................321 XI.3. Melatih Kemampuan Mengenal .................................328 XI.4. Petunjuk untuk Bahiya ...............................................332 Bab XII Dhamma: Faktor-faktor Penggugahan ...................339 XII.1. Kontemplasi Faktor-faktor Penggugahan ....................339 XII.2. Interelasi dari Faktor-faktor Penggugahan ...................342 vii Satipatthana: Jalan Langsung ke Tujuan XII.3. Manfaat Mengembangkan Faktor-faktor Penggugahan ..............................................................347 Bab XIII Dhamma: Empat Kenyataan Ariya .........................353 XIII.1. Implikasi dari Dukkha ................................................353 XIII.2. Empat Kenyataan Ariya ...............................................356 XIII.3. Kontemplasi Empat Kenyataan Ariya ..........................359 Bab XIV Realisasi ..................................................................363 XIV.1. Bertahap atau Seketika ...............................................364 XIV.2. Nibbana dan Implikasi Nibbana .................................372 XIV.3. Konsep Awal Buddhadhamma tentang Nibbana .........377 XIV.4. Nibbana: Bukan Kesatuan yang Mencakup Semuanya (All-embracing Unity), Bukan Pula Pelenyapan (Annihilation) .............................................................379 Bab XV Kesimpulan ............................................................385 XV.1. Aspek-aspek Utama Satipatthana ................................385 XV.2. Pentingnya Satipatthana .............................................392 Daftar Pustaka ...............................................................................403 Keterangan ....................................................................................451 viii DAFTAR GAMBAR Gambar 1.1. Struktur Sutta Satipatthana – 26 Gambar 1.2. Berbagai tahap perkembangan kontemplasi satipatthana – 29 Gambar 1.3. Korelasi keempat satipatthana – 37 Gambar 2.1. Karakteristik utama dari satipatthana – 52 Gambar 3.1. Kedudukan sati di antara berbagai kategori penting – 73 Gambar 5.1. Aspek-aspek utama dari pengulangan satipatthana – 132 Gambar 6.1. Kontemplasi tubuh – 168 Gambar 6.2. Enam belas tahap Anapanasati – 191 Gambar 6.3. Empat aspek “sampajana” dalam ulasan – 203 Gambar 7.1. Pembagian sensasi dalam tiga dan enam kelompok – 226 Gambar 8.1. Delapan kategori kontemplasi citta – 251 Gambar 9.1. Kajian kontemplasi dhamma – 267 Gambar 9.2. Dua tahap dalam kontemplasi kelima rintangan – 278 Gambar 9.3. Kajian ulasan mengenai faktor-faktor untuk mengatasi atau mencegah rintangan – 289 Gambar 10.1. Dua tahap dalam kontemplasi pancakhandha – 292 Gambar 11.1. Dua tahap dalam kontemplasi enam lingkup indrawi – 320 Gambar 12.1. Dua tahap dalam kontemplasi tujuh faktor penggugahan – 341 Gambar 12.2. Kajian ulasan mengenai kondisi yang kondusif untuk mengembangkan faktor-faktor penggugahan – 352 Gambar 13.1. Kerangka rangkap empat pengobatan
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