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Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database

Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature

Zeitschrift/Journal: Denisia

Jahr/Year: 2004

Band/Volume: 0014

Autor(en)/Author(s): Katbeh-Bader Ahmad, Amr Zuhair S., Abu Baker Mohammad, Mahasneh Ahmad

Artikel/Article: The of 265-281 © Biologiezentrum Linz/Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at

The butterflies of Jordan

A. KATBEH-BADER, Z.S. AMR, M. ABU BAKER & A. MAHASNEH

Abstract: A total of 97 and subspecies of butterflies have been recorded from the different eco- logical zones in Jordan. Available biological or ecological notes are given for each species. An updated list for the butterflies of Jordan is given.

Key words: Butterflies, Jordan, Papilionidae, , , , Hesperiidae.

Introduction butterflies of Dana Nature Reserve includ- ing a list of the butterflies of Jordan. He The oldest literature dealing with the added 14 new records to the list of LARSEN butterflies of Jordan goes back to the begin- &NAKAMURA(1983). ning of the 20th century. While stationed in Jordan, Mr. J. PHILBY collected butterflies The present study represents an updated from the Jordan Valley and the mountains revision for the butterflies of Jordan based of Jordan, GRAVES (1925) and HEMMING on LARSEN &. NAKAMURA (1983), KATBEH- (1932) studied this collection and gave the BADER et al. (1998 [2003]), and BENYAMINI first comprehensive study on the Jordanian (2001, 2002a, b). A brief discussion on the butterflies. A series of papers were published butterflies of Jordan is also given. by LARSEN (1975, 1976, 1977, 1984 a, b) about the butterflies of Jordan and nearby Systematic Account areas. AL MUSA (1979) listed 40 species of butterflies. Other reports include HARDY A total of 97 species of butterflies repre- (1995), FABIANO (1998) and TEN HAGEN senting five families (Papillionidae, Pieri- (1996,1998). LARSEN &NAKAMURA (1983) dae, Lycaenidae, Nymphalidae and Hesperi- published the most outstanding study of the idae) are reported. Families Pieridae, Ly- caenidae and Nymphalidae have a close butterflies of Jordan. They gave detailed in- number of species (24, 25 and 27 respective- formation on pervious collections and ex- ly), while family Papillionidae is represented amined materials either housed in Jordan or by five species. We followed the systematic abroad. The attempt to study the butterflies treatment adopted by LARSEN & NAKAMU- of Jordan by Jordanian naturalist begin with RA(1983). the publication of the butterflies along with other in Azraq Desert Oasis by AMR et al. (1997), where they reported on 11 Family Papilionidae species of butterflies. Recently KATBEH- This family is represented by three sub- BADER et al. (1998 [2003]) reported on the families (Papilioninae, Zyrenthiinae and butterflies of Jordan based on a collection at Parnassinae) and five species. Swallowtails the University of Jordan Insects Museum are of a large and intermediate size with a (Amman) and the Jordan Natural History great flexibility of wing patterns and col- Museum (Irbid) that totalled 3350 speci- oration (white, yellow, green and brown). mens. They added two additional records The anal edge of the hind wing is usually Colons dannae and Anthrocharis gruneri. concave. Legs are well developed and act There after, BENYAMINI (2001, 2002a, b) while walking (KORSHUNOV & GORBUNOV Denisia 14, zugleich Kataloge published a comprehensive study on the der Oö. Landesmuseen 1995). Neue Serie 2 (2004), 265-281

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Papilioninae Zyrenthiinae machaon syriacus Allancastria deyrollei eisneri VERITY 1905 (Fig. 1a) BERNARDI 1971 (Fig. 1b) The Swallowtail is a Holarctic species The Lebanese Festoon occurs in with a wide range of distribution. The sub- and the Levant. It is confined to the species P. m. syriacus is confined to the Lev- Mediterranean regions of Jordan, and less ant. In Jordan, it occurs in the northern and frequent in the Jordan Valley (KATBEH-BAD- southern Mediterranean zones and in the ER et al. 1998 [2003]). Previously collected as Jordan Valley. LARSEN &. NAKAMURA far as Petra in southern Jordan by Lockhart (1983) reported specimens as far south as (LARSEN & NAKAMURA 1983). Peak activity Ras el Naqb. Collecting months suggests occurs during April and declined thereafter. two broods, one in early March and extends This species is associated with the Moorish to May, followed by another in October Birthwort, Ariswlochia maurorum, a moun- (KATBEH-BADER et al. 1998 [2003]). Larvae tainous plant of the family Aristolochiaceae feed on several species of the families Um- (KATBEH-BADER et al. 1998 [2003]). belliferae and Rutaceae. This beautiful but- terfly is not common and its collections by the locals as an ornamental item may affect its population. apollinus bellargus STAUDINGER 1891 (Fig. 1c) Papilio alexanor maccabaeus The False Apollo is a Pontomediter- STAUDINGER 1891 ranean , limited to , Turkey, The Tiger Swallowtail is a rare species the Levant and . It is found in the which is found in the northern Mediter- Mediterranean zones and the Jordan Valley. ranean zone of Jordan (KATBEH-BADER et al. Collecting months suggests one brood annu- 1998 [2003]). Previously collected from Wa- ally that occurs in March and April (KAT- di Kufringi and Wadi Zarqa. NAKAMURA & BEH-BADER et al. 1998 [2003]). Similar to A. AE (1977) gave a comprehensive account d. eisneri, larvae prefer the Moorish Birth- on its biology, in which they indicated that wort as a food source. peak activity occurs during April.

Papilio saharae OBERTHÜR 1879 Family Pieridae This species was considered as a sub- This family is represented by two sub- species of the European P. machaon. LARSEN families ( and ) including (1990) discussed its specific status and con- 24 species. Family Pieridae includes butter- cluded that it should be treated as a separate of intermediate size. The wing ground species. It is distributed from to colour is usually white, yellow or orange, , Sinai, the Naqab of Palestine to with black or greenish markings. The head is southern Jordan and southwards to Hejaz rounded and all the legs are equally devel- (LARSEN 1990). oped and used for walking (KORSHUNOV & GORBUNOV 1995). Larvae are mostly green in colour, mostly with markings and stripes. Larvae feed predominantly on and . Several species of this family are considered agricultural pests.

Fig. 1: a: syriacus: A Holarctic swallowtail with a wide range of distribution in the northern and southern Mediterranean zones, b: Allancastria deyrollei eisneri: The Lebanese Festoon is confined to the Mediterranean regions of Jordan, c: bellargus: The False Apollo is a Pontomediterranean butterfly, found in the Mediterranean zones and the Jordan Valley, d: crataegi augustior. The Black-veined White is widely distributed in the Palaearctic region. It is common in the mountainous areas and along the Jordan Valley, e: Artogeia rapae leucosoma: The Small White is a migratory butterfly found throughout the Holarctic region. The subspecies leucosoma is mostly associated with the Mediterranean ecozone and the Jordan Valley, f: daplidice: The Bath White is one of the most common species inhabiting almost all parts of Jordan except the southern desert, g: Madais fausta: The Salmon Caper Butterfly is a rather migratory species with a distribution confined to the Jordan Valley and the upper Mediterranean zone, h: danae eupompe: The Scarlet Tip is an Afrotropical butterfly being one of the most widespread butterflies, however, a single specimen was collected from Mahis, Jordan.

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Pierinae daplidice LINNAEUS 1758 augustior (Fig. If) GRAVES 1925 (Fig. 1d) The Bath White is one of the most com- The Black-veined White is widely dis- mon species inhabiting almost all parts of tributed in the Palaearctic region. In Jordan, Jordan except the southern desert. It mainly it is common in the mountainous areas and feeds on a species of the Reseda along the Jordan Valley. Peak activity occurs (LARSEN & NAKAMURA 1983). AMR et al. in April. LARSEN (1977) reported on the (1997) found it associated with Tarrwrix and seasonal fluctuation of this butterfly, and in- AUiaja marorum in Al Azraq Reserve. dicated that it becomes very scarce and lat- glauconome KLUG er reappear in relatively high numbers. He 1829 reported that this phenomenon is known The Desert White is an eremic species among populations occurring at the limit of found in North , Arabian and Middle its distribution. Larvae feed on , Eastern deserts. It occurs in the southern Amygdalus and other where they Jordan Valley, northern and southern may become pests (KATBEH-BADER et al. deserts of Jordan. It is very scarce. It was col- 1998 [2003]). lected from March to May (KATBEH-BADER brassicae catoleuca RÖBER 1896 et al. 1998 [2003]). AMR et al. (1997) men- The Large White is found from North tioned that it was a rare species in Al Azraq Africa via most of and the Middle Reserve. East to the . It is a migrant species Madais fausta fausta common in the Mediterranean zones of Jor- OLIVIER 1804 (Fig. 1g) dan from which it penetrates the Jordan The Salmon Caper Butterfly is a rather Valley. Its presence throughout of the year migratory species with a distribution con- suggests that it have several broods (KAT- fined to the Jordan Valley and the upper BEH-BADER et al. 1998 [2003]). It feeds on Mediterranean zone. Other earlier localities several species of family Cruciferae and include Zarqa Main and Petra (LARSEN & Capparis spinosa (Fam. Capparidaceae). NAKAMURA 1983). It seems that it has two Artogeia rapae leucosoma broods, one in spring and another towards SCHAWERDA 1905 (Fig. 1e) the end of July. LARSEN (1975) suggested The Small White is a migratory butter- that a regular migratory contact with the found throughout the Holarctic region. Arabian populations occurs to ensure the The subspecies A. r. leucosoma is mostly as- survival of the Jordanian populations. sociated with the Mediterranean ecozone phisadia GODART 1819 and the Jordan Valley (KATBEH-BADER et al. The Blue Spotted Arab is common in 1998 [2003]). It was collected all-year tropical Africa, Arabia and Jordan. It is lim- round, and populations in the Jordan valley ited to the Dead Sea area in Jordan (KAT- have several broods. Butterflies were ob- BEH-BADER et al. 1998 [2003]). But it is pos- served in remote areas as Qasr Burqu' in the sible to have contacts with the Arabian eastern desert as well as in the busy streets populations through Wadi Arabah and Aqa- downtown in Amman. AMR et al. (1997) ba. The food plant is Scdvadora persica. mentioned that it was of the commonest species found in Al Azraq Reserve. Colotis chrysonome KLUG 1829

Artogeia napi dubiosa RÖBER 1907 The Golden Arab is an afrotropical species with limited distribution in Jordan. BENYAMINI (2001) listed this species as a LARSEN & NAKAMURA (1-983) stated that secondary species in northern Jordan. This tropical oasis in southern part of the Dead is a widely distributed species from Japan to Sea are typical localities for this butterfly. It Europe. Known from (LARSEN is associated with Maerua crassifoUa as a food 1974) and northern Palestine (BENYAMINI source. Population fluctuation of the Gold- 1997). en Arab is dependent on the survival of the food source (WALKER & BlTTAWAY 1987).

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Colotis danae eupompe to the Saharo-Sindian habitats in North KLUG 1829 (Fig. 1h) Africa. The Scarlet Tip is an afrotropical butter- Elphinstonia charlonia charlonia fly being one of the most widespread butter- DONZEL 1842 flies in dry tropical Africa, but also occurs in The Greenish Black-tip is an eremic . Only one specimen is known from butterfly, distributed from via Egypt. It is Common in southwestern Ara- the to . In Jordan, bia and Dhofar. This species is recorded it is mostly associated with the Irano-- from Jordan for the first time and apparent- ian zone, with fewer populations occurring ly very rare. The single specimen was col- in the Jordan Valley. AMR et al. (1997) re- lected from Mahis on the 7th of June 1991 ported on its rare occurrence in Al Azraq (KATBEH-BADER et al. 1998 [2003]). Larvae Reserve. Previous collecting dates suggest feed on Cadaba spp. and perhaps other Cap- paridaceae (LARSEN 1990). up to three broods per year. It feeds on sev- eral species of , and Rough and Anaphaeis aurota aurota FABRICIUS 1793 Sweet Stock (Matthiola sp.). The Caper white is a strong tropical mi- eupheme uarda HEMMING 1929 grant butterfly. LARSEN & NAKAMURA (1983) referred to several occasions citing The Sooty Orange Tip occurs in dry the migratory behaviour of this butterfly in parts of Jordan such as the Dead Sea area Lebanon and Palestine. It prefers the warm and the desert between Jordan and Iraq. In Jordan Valley, however, it was collected Jordan, the subspecies Z. e. uarda is limited from two localities within the eastern to the Irano-Turanian zone separating the mountains. It feeds on Capparis spinosa. Mediterranean vegetation from the lower parts of Jordan Valley. One brood appears ausonia melisande from late February to early April (KATBEH- FRUHSTORFER 1908 (Fig. 2a) BADER et al. 1998 [2003]). The E. ausonia complex is found all Zegris eupheme tigris RILEY 1921 around the Mediterranean and in Mi- nor. The Dappled White is common in both This butterfly is known to occur in Iraq, Mediterranean zones of Jordan. It feeds on Syrian Desert and Hejaz. This subspecies and Sinapis (Cruciferae). differs from Z. e. uarda in the markings of the underwing, where as the yellow suffu- belemia ESPER 1799 sion covers about 90 % of the wing surface The Green-striped White extends from while 60 % in case of Z. e. uarda (LARSEN & the Iberian Peninsula, via North Africa to NAKAMURA 1983). It was collected from the Middle East and to Bluchistan. In southern Jordan and near Zarka (LARSEN & addition, it was recorded from and NAKAMURA 1983). Arabia. It is a common species in the north- ern Mediterranean zone of Jordan and Zegris euphema larseni PITTAWAY 1985 known to occur in the Jordan Valley. Ap- BENYAMINI (2001) listed this subspecies parently, it has one brood in the spring, with from southern Jordan. highest peak of emergence in April (KAT- gruneri gruneri BEH-BADER et al. 1998 [2003]). HERRICH-SCHÄFFER 1851 (Fig. 2b) Euchloe aegyptiaca VERITY 1911 The Gruner's Orange Tip is found in The Woad White is confined to south- south Europe and Turkey and in Palestine ern Jordan. This species is widely distributed (LARSEN &. NAKAMURA 1983). KATBEH- over North Africa, northern Arabia and BADER et al. (1998 [2003]) recorded this southern Jordan and Palestine (LARSEN species from Wadi As Salt and the northern 1990). Mediterranean zone.

Euchloe fallow ALLARD 1867 phoenissa The Scarce Green Striped White was VON KALCHBERG 1894 recorded from southern Jordan (LARSEN & The Orange Tip is found from Western NAKAMURA 1983), and is considered linked Europe, temperate Asia to Japan. LARSEN &

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NAKAMURA (1983) included this species "brushes" and are not used for walking (Ko- based on TREVOR TROUGHT's field notes. RSHUNOV & GORBUNOV 1995). Specimens collected by KATBEH-BADER et al. (1998 [2003]) confirm the presence of Danainae this species in Jordan. The localities are Danaus chrysippus chrysippus within the most northwestern part of the LINNAEUS 1758 (Fig. 2d) northern Mediterranean zone. This species The Plain Tiger is a migrant butterfly is quite common in Lebanon and Palestine. widely distributed in the Old World tropics. It is common in the Jordan Valley, however, Coliadinae few specimens were caught from Azraq in croceus croceus GEOFFROY 1785 the Eastern Desert and the Mediterranean The Clouded Yellow is common region as well. It was seen migrating north- throughout the Mediterranean and the Ira- ward by the Jordan River in 1996 at Al no-Turanian zones in Jordan. Collecting baqurah in the extreme north west of Jordan dates suggest that it have several broods that (KATBEH-BADER et al. 1998 [2003]). The fly all-year round. It feeds on several species main food plant is Calotropis procera, but of (KATBEH-BADER et al. 1998 [2003]). other Asclepiadaceae are acceptable. AMR et al. (1997) found it common near Hypolimnas misippus LINNAEUS 1764 cultivated in Al Azraq Reserve. The Diadem is known along the coasts florella FABRICIUS 1775 of Arabia (WALKER & PITTAWAY 1987). The African Migrant is a strong migrant BENYAMINI (2001) included this species as a species. So far, a single specimen was col- migrant species. Females are confused with lected from Aqaba. However, LARSEN & D. chrysippus. NAKAMURA (1983) stated that it could be found anywhere in Jordan. Charaxinae Charaxes jasius jasius LINNAEUS 1767 cleopatra taurica STAUDINGER 1881 (Fig. 2c) The Two-Tailed Pasha is the only palaearctic off-shoot of the tropical genus The Cleopatra is a typical holomediter- being local and uncommon species in the ranean species. Although LARSEN & NAKA- Middle East. It is very rare species. The food MURA (1983) gave several localities within plant is Arbutus unedo. the northern Mediterranean zone, we have one single locality in northern Jordan (KAT- BEH-BADER et al. 1998 [2003]). This is a for- est-adapted species. Decline in its numbers Junonia orithya here LANG 1884 (Fig. 2e) and distribution may reflect the degradation The Blue Pansy is a tropical migrant but of forests in Jordan. the subspecies ). o. here is found in Arabia (LARSEN 1990). BENYAMINI (1997) indicat- Family Nymphalidae ed its occurrence on the western side of the Jordan Valley north of the Dead Sea. Family Nymphalidae is represented by four subfamilies (Danainae, Charaxinae, Junonia hierta cebrene TRIMEN 1870 Nymphalinae and Satyrinae) and 25 This is a palaeotropical species that ex- species. The size is intermediate. Red and tends into Arabia. BENYAMINI (1984) stated brown colours predominates the wing pat- that is a quite common species in Sant Kata- tern. The forelegs are reduced forming rina in Siani.

Fig. 2: a: melisande: The Dappled White is common in the Mediterranean zone of Jordan, b: gruneri: The Gruner's Orange Tip was collected from Wadi As Salt and from the northern Mediterranean zone. c: taurica: The Cleopatra is a typical holomediterranean species. This is a forest-adapted species. d: Danaus chrysippus: The Plain Tiger is a migrant butterfly widely distributed all over Jordan, e: Junonia orithya here: The Blue Pansy is a tropical migrant butterfly with rare occurrence in Jordan, f: reducta schiffermuelleri: The Southern White Admiral is a rare species in Jordan confined to the northern Mediterranean zone, g: Vanessa cardui: The Painted Lady is a migrant butterfly distributed worldwide. It is one of the most common species that occurs in all parts of Jordan all months of the year, h: egea: The Southern Comma occurs in the northern Mediterranean zone.

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Limenitis reducta schiffermuelleri phoebe telona FRUHSTORFER 1908 HIGGINS 1933 (Fig. 2f) The Knapweed Fritillary occurs from The Southern White Admiral is a rare North Africa and to Korea. This species in Jordan. All localities are in the species is common in the Mediterranean northern Mediterranean zone to which the zones. The first brood flies in April, a second species appears to be limited (KATBEH-BAD- brood may occur late in the year but appar- ER et al. 1998 [2003]). It feeds on Lmicera sp. ently in low numbers. L.ARSEN (1974) found it on caicitrapa, pycno- Vanessa atalanta LINNAEUS 1758 cephcdus in Lebanon. The Red Admiral is migrant species that occurs in the holarctic region. It is a scarce Melitaea arduinna evanescens species in Jordan, mostly recorded from the STAUDINGER 1886 northern Mediterranean zone but may be The Freyer's Fritillary is distributed from found in the Jordan Valley (KATBEH-BADER Bulgaria and Asia Minor to Iran and Cen- et al. 1998 [2003]). The food plant is Pari- tral Asia. It was assumed that the subspecies etaria and Urtica piluUfera. M. a. evanescens is limited to As Salt area (LARSEN & NAKAMURA 1983), however, Vanessa cardui cardui KATBEH-BADER et al. (1998 [2003]). collect- LINNAEUS 1758 (Fig. 2g) ed specimens from other areas like Jarash The Painted Lady is a migrant butterfly and Amman. Even though it was considered distributed world-wide. It occurs in all parts as a rare species, its numbers appear to be of Jordan all months of the year. LARSEN more than previously thought. A large num- (1976) discussed it migration in the Middle ber was observed flying in March at a sunny East and emphasised the need for a more day in near Amman (KATBEH-BADER et al. comprehensive data on its behaviour. We 1998 [2003]). The Jordanian populations observed large numbers migrating in north are perhaps relicts of a brief period in time or north-western direction in February 1997 when there was a wet Irano-Turanian bridge in Wadi Arabah and in the Jordan Valley. between Jordan and Iraq (LARSEN & NAKA- However, later in the season they were seen MURA 1983). migrating in south or south-eastern direc- tion (KATBEH-BADER et al. 1998 [2003]). Melitaea persea sargon HEMMING 1932 AMR et al. (1997) found this species to be Only a single specimen was collected common in Al Azraq Reserve. The normal from Wadi Rajil by LOCKHART (LARSEN & food plants are species of Carduus, Cynara, NAKAMURA 1983). This species represents a Arctium and other Composites. relict in Jordan, however, it was collected Polygonia egea egea from (LARSEN & NAKAMURA CRAMER 1775 (Fig. 2h) 1983). The Southern Comma occurs in the Melitaea trivia syriaca northern Mediterranean zone but may be REBEL 1905 (Fig. 3a) found also in the Jordan Valley (at Gawr The Mullein Fritillary is common in the Kabid). It has two or three broods from Mediterranean zones, Jordan Valley and March to November (KATBEH-BADER et al. fringes on eastern desert. Peak activity ex- 1998 [2003]). The food plants are species of tends from April to June (KATBEH-BADER et Parietaria. al. 1998 [2003]). The Larvae feed on Verbos- cum sp.

Plate 3: a: Melitaea trivia syriaca: The Mullein Fritillary is a common butterfly in the Mediterranean zones, Jordan Valley and fringes on eastern desert, b: titea titania L: The Palestine Marbled White occurs in the Mediterranean zone, c: Ypthima asterope: The African Ringlet is distributed in the Mediterranean zones and the Jordan valley, d: Pseudochazara telephassa: The Telephassa is the most common satyrid in Jordan occurring in both Mediterranean zones and eastern desert, e: telmessia: The Eastern is restricted to the northern Mediterranean zone, f: Hyponephele lupinus centralis: The Oriental Meadow brown appears to be limited to the northern Mediterranean zone, g: Epamara glaucus: The Arabian Sapphire is distributed in arid regions of the southern end of Dead Sea. It is associated with the striking flowers of Loranthus sp. h: phlaeas timeus: The Small is found in temperate Palaearctic regions. Collected from the Jordan Valley as well as from densely forested areas.

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Melitaea deserticola macromaculata southern Mediterranean zone as well (KAT- BELTER 1934 BEH-BADER et al. 1998 [2003]).

The Desert Fritillary occurs in the persephone transiens Mediterranean zones, the fringes of the Jor- ZERNY 1932 dan Valley and southern desert. Its flight is This species has been recorded once much higher above the ground than that of during 1927 from localities on the fringe of other Jordanian Metitaea. Larvae feed on the Eastern Desert (LARSEN & NAKAMURA species of Scrophulariaceae. Three broods 1983). are probable, the second and the third are partial and irregular (LARSEN & NAKAMURA Pseudochazara telephassa 1983). GEYER 1827 (Fig. 3d)

Melitaea collina collina LEDERER 1861 The Telephassa Grayling is the most common satyrid in Jordan occurring in both The Laderer's Fritillary is a Syrian Mediterranean zones and eastern desert. species with distribution extending to south Even though it was collected from June to Turkey, Lebanon, and Parts of Iraq (LARSEN August, LARSEN &. NAKAMURA (1983) men- 1974). BENYAMINI (2001) listed this species tioned records from October and they as- as doubtful or unconfirmed observation in sumed a single protracted brood. his list on the butterflies of Jordan and Dana Reserve. telmessia ZELLER 1847 (Fig. 3e) Satyrinae The Eastern Meadow Brown is restricted Melanargia titea titania to the northern Mediterranean zone (KAT- CALBERLA1891 (Fig. 3b) BEH-BADER et al. 1998 [2003]). It has one brood in April and May. Specimens collect- The Palestine Marbled White occurs in ed later in the year are aestivating individ- the Levant. LARSEN & NAKAMURA (1983) ual appearing to oviposit (LARSEN & NAKA- mentioned that it is limited in Jordan to the MURA 1983). northern Mediterranean zone, but the record from At Tafila proves its occurrence Hyponephele lupinus centralis in the southern Mediterranean zone (KAT- RILEY 1921 (Fig. 3f) BEH-BADER et al. 1998 [2003]). Its peak ac- The Oriental Meadow Brown occurs in tivity appears to be in May as the above da- North Africa, , Asia Minor, ta suggest. A second brood is possible to- the Levant, Iran, Afghanistan. In Jordan, it wards the end of the year. Larvae feed on appears to be limited to the northern grasses and adults are attracted to the flow- Mediterranean zone. It has a single brood in ers of Carduus and Centaurea. May and June or July (KATBEH-BADER et al. Hipparchia fatua sichaea LEDERER 1857 1998 [2003]). Specimens collected in Au- gust or September are assumed to be aesti- The Freyer's Grayling is a Pontomediter- vating individuals appearing to oviposit ranean species, distributed from the (LARSEN & NAKAMURA 1983). via the Middle East and Iran to Turk- menistan. A single brood occurs in June and Ypthima asterope KLUG 1832 (Fig. 3c) July, while specimens collected later in the The African Ringlet is distributed in dry year are aestivating females who appear to parts of tropical Africa, Arabia, and much of oviposit at the onset of autumn. The food tropical Asia. It is common in the Mediter- plants are grasses (LARSEN & NAKAMURA ranean zones and the Jordan valley (KAT- 1983). BEH-BADER et al. 1998 [2003]). It appears to Hipparchia pisidice KLUG 1832 have many broods from March to Novem- ber. Only one specimen is known from Al The Sinai Grayling occurs in Sinai, the Azraq Reserve in the eastern desert (AMR et Levant and southern parts of Turkey. It was al. 1997). previously recorded from several localities in the northern Mediterranean zone only. It is possible that the species occurs in the

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Lasiommata maera orientalis Tomares nesimachus OBERTHÜR 1893 HEYNE 1894 This species is remarkable in its associa- The Large Wall Brown occurs in North tion with soil type. LARSEN & NAKAMURA Africa, most of Europe, the Levant, the (1983) stated that this species is associated Middle East to the Himalayas. It was col- with soil where macrocarpus lected mainly in the northern Mediter- grows. Recorded earlier from Rabba near ranean zone from April to July, which may Karak. represent two broods. Aphnaeinae Lasiommata megera emilyssa Apharitis acamas acamas KLUG 1834 VERITY 1919 The Leopard Butterfly is an eremic The Wall Brown is a holomediterranean species and several subspecies are recognised species. It was collected from the northern across the Sahara to India. Similar to the Mediterranean zone of Jordan, but also from previous findings of LARSEN & NAKAMURA Petra in the southern Mediterranean zone. It (1983), it seems that the Leopard Butterfly flies from February to August and probably occurs in northern Jordan from June to Oc- to October (LARSEN & NAKAMURA 1983). tober while in the Jordan Valley, it can be found in December (KATBEH-BADER et al. Family Lycaenidae 1998 [2003]).

This family is represented by three sub- Apharitis myrmecophila myrmecophila families (, Aphnaeinae and Ly- DUMONT1922 caeninae) and 27 species. Lycaenids are This is an eremic species with known small butterflies. The head is globular; and distribution in the eastern desert (LARSEN &. the forelegs are reduced in males. Wing col- NAKAMURA 1983). oration is very diverse, however, most fre- quently blue, brown, or orange in colour. is well defined in the Lycaena phlaeas timeus majority of species (KORSHUNOV & GOR- CRAMER 1777 (Fig. 3h) BUNOV 1995). The Small Skipper is found in the tem- perate palaearctic regions, Greenland and Theclinae eastern North America. The subspecies L. livia KLUG 1834 ph. timeus was collected from the Jordan The Hairstreak was previ- Valley (LARSEN & NAKAMURA 1983) as well ously collected from localities extending as from the densely forested areas (KATBEH- from Debbin in northern Jordan, as far as BADER et al. 1998 [2003]). Apparently, it is a resident species and occurs throughout the Aqaba in the south. It was collected from months of the year, with high abundance in forested areas as well as from several locali- May and June. Larvae feed on the flowerso f ties in the Jordan Valley. It is quite common Rumex and Polygonum. during August and September and declines towards December and then emerges again Lycaena thersamon omphale in early June (KATBEH-BADER et al. 1998 KLUG 1834 (Fig. 4d) [2003]). LARSEN &. NAKAMURA (1983) sug- The Lesser Copper occurs from and gested a migratory status for this species, and Austria to the Balkans, the Middle east and indicated that autumn populations can per- Afghanistan. LARSEN & NAKAMURA (1983) sist. discussed the subspecific forms of this species; L. th. kurdistanica and L. th. omphale, Epamera glaucus BUTLER 1885 (Fig. 3g) and concluded that the later is a valid sub- The Arabian Sapphire is distributed species for the Levantine. It was collected throughout the African horn ( and from the Mediterranean zones as well as from Ethiopia) and some parts of the Arabian several localities within the Irano-Turanian Peninsula (LARSEN 1983). It is associated zone (KATBEH-BADER et al. 1998 [2003]). with the striking flowers of Loranthus sp., a Collecting dates suggest two broods, one in parasitic plant on trees. April, followed by another in August.

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Polyommatinae ranean zones (LARSEN & NAKAMURA 1983). amarah amarah It feeds on several Papilionaceae species. GUERIN-MENEVILLE 1847 jesous The Leaden Ciliate Blue is a typical GUERIN-MENEVILLE 1849 (Fig. 4b) afrotropical species that occur in arid Africa African Babul Blue is a migrant butter- and Arabia. It was collected from Aqaba. It fly found in Africa, Arabia, Middle East and feeds primarily on Acasia that are common India. It is rather common in warm habitats along Wadi Araba (LARSEN & NAKAMURA with watercourses. It was collected previous- 1983). ly from several localities along the Jordan Valley as well as from Aqaba. But it is not LINNAEUS 1767 expected to be a permanent resident in Jor- The Long-tailed Blue is widely distrib- dan (LARSEN &. NAKAMURA 1983). The uted in the Paleotropics from which it mi- food plant is Acacia spp. but Prosopis is a grates to palaearctic region. It is found vir- possible host. tually in all types of habitats in Jordan. Col- lecting dates suggests that two broods CRAMER 1782 emerge annually, one in May and June and The Velvet Spotted Blue is a migrant another in September and October (KAT- species that inhabits rocky desert habitats. It BEH-BADER et al. 1998 [2003]). LARSEN was collected near Aqaba (LARSEN & (1974) stated that L. boeticus feeds on a wide NAKAMURA 1983). range of legume species. vicrama astabene pirithous LINNAEUS 1767 HEMMING 1932 The Common Zebra Blue is an afrotrop- The distribution of this butterfly is con- ical species that succeeded to penetrate the fined to the northern Mediterranean moun- and southern Europe. It tains. It is associated with Thymus sp. is common during early autumn to Decem- (LARSEN & NAKAMURA 1983). Several sub- ber in the Jordan Valley and disappears species are known across central and south- thereafter. It was seen in large numbers in ern Europe via the Middle East eastwards to Afghanistan. alfalfa fields in Gawr Kabid in the Jordan Valley (KATBEH-BADER et al. 1998 [2003]). Pseudophilotes abencerragus nabataeus balkanicus FREYER 1845 GRAVES 1925 The occurrence of this subspecies is re- The Little Tiger Blue is widely distrib- stricted to the southern mountains of Jordan uted along the Jordan Valley, with limited (Petra) and the Irano-Turanian zone distribution in the Mediterranean zone (LARSEN & NAKAMURA 1983). (LARSEN & NAKAMURA 1983). Pseudophilotes jordanicus Tarucus rosaceus AUSTAUT 1885 BENYAMINI 2000 The Mediterranean Pierrot has a wide BENYAMINI (2000) described this species range of distribution extending from North from the southeastern Mediterranean zone. Africa to northwestern India. It was collect- We did not collect any further specimens. ed from wadis with permanent water bodies that host a wide variety of wild flowers all lolana alfierii WILTSHIRE 1948 year round (KATBEH-BADER et al. 1998 One single specimen was collected from [2003]). The main food plant is Zizyphus Petra. According to LARSEN & NAKAMURA spina-christi. (1983), this species is only known from Sinai, the Naqab desert of Palestine and Pe- karsandra karsandra tra in Jordan. MOORE 1865 The Asian Grass Blue is found from galba LEDERER 1855 , via India, to , Iraq, The Lederer's Cupid is an eremic species Lebanon, Egypt, and . It is with a wide range of distribution. It is a mi- common in the Jordan Valley, however, it grant species common in the Jordan Valley was found to be local within the Mediter- and was found locally in the northern

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Mediterranean zone and eastern desert habitats. It was collected from the northern (KATBEH-BADER et al. 1998 [2003]). The and southern Mediterranean zones, Jordan food plants are Prosopis and Acacia. Valley as well as desert habitats (KATBEH- BADER et al. 1998 [2003]). Multiple broods trochylus trochylus FREYER 1845 are evident as the collecting dates indicate. The Grass Jewel is found in Africa, the These broods vary in number depending on Middle East, the Balkans, Arabia, Iran, the biogeographical zone. It was found to Afghanistan and north-western India. It was feed and Medicago. collected from several localities within all the biogeographical regions of Jordan. Sev- Polyommatus loewii uranicola eral broods are possible from April through WALKER 1870 October. Food consists of and LARSEN &. NAKAMURA (1983) gave a . detailed discussion on the variants and dis- tribution of the Loew's Blue in the Middle Plebejus pylaon spp. East. It was collected from the Mediter- HEMMING 1934 (Fig. 4C) ranean zone and the eastern desert of Jor- Three subspecies of the Zephyr Blue are dan. known to occur in the Middle East. Plebejus pylaon nic/iolli ELWES in Lebanon and Jordan, Plebejus pylaon cleopatra HEMMING in south- Family Hesperiidae ern Palestine and Jordan, and Plebejus pylaon Skippers are represented by two subfam- philbyi GRAVES originally described from Pe- ilies (Pyrginae and Hesperiinae) and 16 tra (GRAVES 1925, HEMMING 1932, LARSEN species. Butterflies of this family are of & NAKAMURA 1983). LARSEN & NAKAMURA small, and few are of intermediate size. The (1983) stated that two subspecies occur in antennal club is rather smooth. The fore Jordan; P. p. cleopatra, common in the tran- wings are triangular in shape. Legs are de- sitional zone between the Mediterranean veloped. Larvae are naked and spindle in and the Irano-Turanian zones, and P. p. shape (KORSHUNOV & GORBUNOV 1995). philbyi occurring in desert and arid habitats. Evidently, number of broods vary according Pyrginae to the biogeographical region; where as one brood appears in the spring in the Mediter- melotis DUPONCHEL 1834 ranean zone, while two broods are laid in The Levantine is found more warm and dry habitats. It feeds on As- in the Levant and south-eastern Turkey. In tragalus spp. (Papilionaceae). BENYAMINI Jordan, it is restricted to the northern (2001) listed Plebejus pylaon nkhotii as doubt- Mediterranean zone, where it was previous- ful or unconfirmed observation. ly collected from Debbin and Hemmie. It prefers moist habitats such as small perma- Aricia agestis agestis nent springs bordered by (LARSEN & DENIS & SCHIFFERMÜLLER 1775 NAKAMURA 1983). Apparently, one brood is The Brown Argus in found in Europe, deposited in the spring, while in Lebanon, the Levant and Iran. It appears to be a rare LARSEN (1974) indicated that two genera- species in Jordan. It was collected previous- tions appear. ly from several localities within the north- ern Mediterranean zone of Jordan (KATBEH- orbifer hilaris STAUDINGER 1901 BADER et al. 1998 [2003]). The collecting The Orbiferous Skipper occurs in the dates suggest two broods, one in the spring northern Mediterranean zone. LARSEN & and the second towards the end of the sum- NAKAMURA (1983) stated that two broods mer. It feeds on Erodium and . are produced, one in early April and the sec- ond in July. Polyommatus icarus zelleri VERITY 1919 (Fig. 4a) Spialia doris doris WALKER 1870 The Common Blue is common in North One single specimen was collected from Africa, Europe, the Middle East and most of Azraq in 1927 (HEMMING 1932). This sub- temperate Asia. It is the most common ly- species is known to occur in Arabia, Jordan caenid in Jordan, inhabiting a wide range of and parts of the Naqab and Sinai (LARSEN

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a b

d

f

Plate 4: a: Polyommatus icarus zelleri: The Common Blue is the most common lycaenid in Jordan, inhabiting a wide range of habitats, b: : The African Babul Blue is a migrant butterfly, it is common in warm habitats with watercourses, c: Plebejus pylaon spp.: Three subspecies of the Zephyr Blue are known to occur in the Middle East. Plebejus pylaon nicholli Elwes in Lebanon and Jordan, Plebejus pylaon cleopatra Hemming in southern Palestine and Jordan, and Plebejus pylaon philbyi Graves, d: Lycaena thersamon omphale: The Lesser Copper occurs in the Mediterranean zone as well as from several localities within the Irano-Turanian zone, e: alceae: The Hollyhock Skipper is a common species in Jordan found almost all year round, f: lineola fornax: it is a common species, inhabiting both the Jordan Valley and the northern and southern Mediterranean zones.

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&. NAKAMURA 1983). It seems that this is a Carcharodus stauderi ambigua rare species; it was not observed over 12 vis- VERITY 1925 its in eight yean in Egypt (LARSEN & NAKA- The North African Skipper is found in a MURA 1983). series of subspecies from Morocco to the Syrichtus tessellum nomas LEDERER 1855 Levant, Asia Minor and western Iran. It was collected from several localities within the The Tessellated Skipper can be found northern Mediterranean zone of Jordan, from the Balkans via the Middle East to fringes of the eastern desert and the Jordan . The subspecies nomus is rare Valley. Specimens were collected during in Jordan. So far, with this record, only 11 April and May, similar to findings indicated specimens were ever collected from Jordan, by (LARSEN &. NAKAMURA, 1983). however, it is quite common in Palestine and Lebanon (LARSEN & NAKAMURA 1983). Carcharodus orientalis maccabaeus Collected previously from Jarash, Ajlun and HEMMING 1932 Wadi Zarka, from various types of habitats Known to occur in the Balkans, Asia including olive grooves. Most probably lar- Minor and the Levant. It was collected from vae feed on PWomis spp. several localities within the Mediterranean zone (LARSEN & NAKAMURA 1983). Syrichtus proto hieromax HEMMING 1932

The Large Grizzled Skipper is a Mediter- Hesperiinae ranean butterfly found in North Africa, Iberian Peninsula, Turkey an the Levant. Thymelicus acteon GRAVES 1925 The subspecies hieromax was originally de- This skipper is confined to the northern scribed from Ajlune, Jordan (HEMMING, Mediterranean zone (LARSEN & NAKAMURA 1932), and seems to be localised in Jordan, 1983). It has a single brood and adults were Palestine and the coastal region of Lebanon. collected during April and May (LARSEN & LARSEN & NAKAMURA (1983) discussed the NAKAMURA 1983). status of the two subspecies of this form; Thymelicus sylvestris syriaca Tun 1905 Syrichtus proto hieromax is found in the BENYAMINI (2001) listed this species as coastal areas of Lebanon and it is rare in an inhabitant of the northern Mediter- both Jordan and Palestine, and Syrichtus pro- ranean zone, and as a secondary in the to lycaonius is distributed in the Lebanese southern Mediterranean. This species is mountains. LARSEN & NAKAMURA (1983) known from northern Palestine and the expected Phlomis spp. as hosts. Golan (BENYAMINI 1997). Muschampia proteides stepporum Thymelicus lineola fornax BENYAMINI & AVINI 2001 HEMMING 1934 (Fig. 4f) This subspecies was described from the This species has a wide range of distri- steppe belts of southern Palestine and Dana bution throughout North Africa, Most of Nature Reserve in Jordan (BENYAMINI & Europe to Asia Minor and the Levant. AVINI 2001). LARSEN & NAKAMURA (1983) differentiated Carcharodus alceae alceae between the Lebanese subspecies {Th. I. ESPER 1780 (Fig. 4e) melissus) and the Jordanian form on the ba- The Hollyhock Skipper is a common sis of larger size and the more pointed wings of fomax. In Jordan, it is a common species, species in Jordan found almost all year inhabiting both the Jordan Valley and the round. Localities reported are within the northern and southern Mediterranean zones northern Mediterranean zone and the Jor- (KATBEH-BADER et al. 1998 [2003]). Peak dan Valley (KATBEH-BADER et al. 1998 collecting was in May. Specimens were re- [2003]). Also, collecting dates suggests that ported further south as far as Petra. The food two broods are produced annually, one in plants are grasses, especially the genera Trie- early spring followed by one by the end of itum and Arrhenatherum. summer. The food plants are and Al- thaea.

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Gegenes nostrodamus FABRICIUS 1793 (about one fifth of the total butterflies This butterfly was collected from the up- species) are migrants (LARSEN & NAKAMU- per Jordan Valley, the northern Mediter- RA 1983). Some of these migrants include; ranean zone and close to the eastern desert Danaus chrysippus, Catopsilia floretia, Euchloe (LARSEN «SI NAKAMURA 1983). ausonia, Madais fausta, and Junonia orithya.

Gegenes gambica MABILLE 1878 KATBEH-BADER et al. (1998 [2003]) ex- The Pigmy Skipper is a Mediterranean amined 3350 specimens of butterflies, and butterfly. It was collected from several local- reported 65 species, which is far more less ities ranging from the Jordan Valley to the than the records given by LARSEN & NAKA- east in Zarka (LARSEN & NAKAMURA 1983). MURA (1983). Also, BENYAMINI (2001, Collecting dates suggest that the Pigmy 2002a, b) reported 58 species from Dana Skipper have two broods, one in the spring Nature Reserve. Perhaps the decline of and the other towards the end of the sum- some populations is due to changes in the mer, with peak activity in September (KAT- natural environment of Jordan that went BEH-BADER et al. 1998 [2003]). through extensive changes in the form of ir- rigated agriculture and urbanisation, loss of Gomalia elma elma TRIMEN 1862 natural habitats, expanding agriculture, and This is a palaeotropical species distrib- uncontrolled use of pesticides. However, the uted over Africa and Arabia. It was record- absence of the unrecorded species does not ed by BENYAMINI (2001) as a migrant in the necessarily indicate their extension. These Dead Sea area and Aqaba. species are perhaps migrants, very rare or ex- Pelopidas thrax thrax HÜBNER 1821 tremely local in distribution. For example, The Millet Skipper occurs in Arabia, , a migrant species found in Egypt and the Middle East. It was previous- tropical Africa, was recorded only twice ly collected from the Jordan Valley as well as within the past 50 years. Chazara persephone, from northern Mediterranean zone mostly a Levantine species, was recorded once form in September and November. It appears that Jordan in 1927. Tomares nesimachus, anoth- the Millet Skipper is not common in Jordan. er Levantine species, is associated with a LARSEN (1974) reported on the migratory special type of soil on which the food plant, behaviour of this species in Lebanon, and Astragalus macrocarpus, grows (LARSEN & perhaps its scarce population in Jordan rep- NAKAMURA 1983). resents migrants. Further studies should investigate the status and ecology of the butterflies of Jor- Discussion dan to better understand their conservation. The butterflies fauna of Jordan is di- verse, totalling 97 species that belongs to Zusammenfassung five families (Lycaenidae, Nymphalidae, Die Schmetterlinge Jordaniens: 97 Ar- Pieridae, Hesperiidae and Papilionidae). ten und Unterarten von Schmetterlingen Based on BENYAMINI (2001), the butter- wurden aus verschiedenen Okozonen Jorda- flies fauna of Jordan consists of 61.7, 9.6, niens nachgewiesen. Für jede Art werden 10.6, 2.1 and 16 % of palaearctic, afrotropi- biologische und ökologische Bemerkungen cal, palaeotropical, oriental and eremic angeführt und eine aktualisierte Liste der species respectively. BENYAMINI (1988) con- Schmetterlinge Jordaniens ist beigefügt. sidered Madais fausta, Zizeeria karsandra and Umentis reducata as oriental elements, while BENYAMINI (2001) listed 15 species as References eremic. AL MUSA H. (1979): Species of in Jor- dan. — Dirasat 6: 7-16. Most species occur in the northern AMR Z., AL MELHIM W., KATBEH-BADER A. & W. SCHNEI- Mediterranean zone (67), while the least DER (1997). On the Common Insecta of AI number occurs in the eastern Desert Azraq, Jordan. — Entomologist's Gazette 48: (BENYAMINI (2001). At least 20 species 55-66.

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BENYAMINI D. (1984): The butterflies of the Sinai LARSEN T.B. (1977): Recent expansion in the range Peninsula (Lep. Rhopalocera). — Nota Lepi- of Aporia crataegi (LINNAEUS) in east Jordan dopterologica 7 (4): 309-321. (Pieridae). — Nota Lepidoptrologica 1 (1): 19- 21. BENYAMINI D. (1988): The Zoogeography of the But- terflies (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera) of LARSEN T.B. (1983): Insects of Saudi Arabia. Lepi- and nearby areas. — Monographiae Biologi- doptera, Rhopalocera. A monograph of the cae 62: 309-324. butterflies of the Arabian Peninsula. — Fauna of Saudi Arabia 5: 333-478. BENYAMINI D. (1997): A Field Guide to the Butter- flies of Israel Including Butterflies of Mt. Her- LARSEN T.B. (1984a): Butterflies of Saudi Arabia and mon and Sinai. — Keter Publishing House, Is- its neighbors. — London, Stacy International: rael: 1-234. 1-160.

BENYAMINI D. (2000): Pseudophilotes jordanicus a LARSEN T.B. (1984b): A tropical migrant butterfly new to the eastern Mediterranean Junonia new relict species of the SE. Mediterranean orithya here LANG (Lepidoptera, Nymphali- (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). — Linneana Belgi- dae). — Atalanta 15: 101-102. ca 17: 359-370. LARSEN T.B. (1990): The Butterflies of Egypt. — BENYAMINI D. (2001): The butterflies of Dana Re- Apollo Books. The American University in serve, Edom, Jordan (Lepidoptera: Papil- Cairo Press: 1-112. ionoidea et Hesperioidea) (1" part). — Lin- neana Belgica 18 (2): 95-102. LARSEN T.B. & I. NAKAMURA (1983): The Butterflies of East Jordan. — Entomologist's Gazette 34: BENYAMINI D. (2002a): The butterflies of Dana Re- 135-208. serve, Edom, Jordan (Lepidoptera: Papil- ionoidea et Hesperioidea). — Linneana Belgi- NAKAMURA I. & S.A. AE (1977): Prolonged pupal di- ca 18 (6): 265-272. apause of Papilio alexanor. Arid zone adapta- tion directed by larval host plant. — Annals of BENYAMINI D. (2002b): The butterflies of Dana Re- the Entomological Society of America 70: serve, Edom, Jordan (Lepidoptera: Papil- 481-484. ionoidea et Hesperioidea) (3rd part). — Lin- neana Belgica 18 (7): 351-360. TEN HAGEN W. (1996): Tagfalterbeobachtungen in Syrien un Jordanien (2. Beitrag) (Lepidoptera: BENYAMINI D. & M. AVINI (2001): Muschampia pro- , Hesperioidea). — Nachrichten- teides stepporum subsp. nov. from the steppe des-Entomologischen-Vereins-Apollo 17 (2): belts of E. Israel and W. Jordan (Lepidoptera: 123-142. Hesperiidae). — Linneana Belgica 18: 45-54. TEN HAGEN W. (1998): Tagfalterbeobachtungen in GRAVES P.P. (1925): The Rhopalocera and Grypocera Syrien und Jordanien (3. Beitrag) (Lepidopt- of Palestine and Transjordania. — Trans. Ent. era: Hesperioidea, Papilionoidea). — Nach- Soc. London 73: 17-125. richten-des-Entomologischen-Vereins-Apollo 19 (3-4): 247-268. FABIANO F. (1998): Lepidoptera Rhopalocera of the Hisma basin (southern Jordan). — Linneana WALKER D.H. & A.R. PITTAWAY (1987): Insects of Eas- Belgica 16: 307-322. tern Arabia. — MacMillan Publishers, London and Basingstoke: 1-175. HARDY P.B. (1995): Butterflies in Jordan, and Lebanon. — Entomologists Record 107: 107- 116. Addresses of authors: HEMMING A.F. (1932): The butterflies of Transjor- Ahmad KATBEH-BADER dan. — Trans. Ent. Soc. London 80: 269-300. Ahmad MAHASHNEH KATBEH-BADER A., AMR Z.S. & S. ISMA'EL (1998 [2003]): The butterflies of Jordan. — Journal of Re- Department of Horticulture and Plant Pro- search on the Lepidoptera 37: 11-26. tection

KORSHUNOV Y.P. & P.Y. GORBUNOV (1995): Butterflies Faculty of Agriculture of the Asian part of Russia. — Ural University University of Jordan Press, Ekaterinburg: 1-202. Amman/|ordan LARSEN T.B. (1974). Butterflies of Lebanon. — E-Mail: [email protected] , National Council for Scientific Re- search: 1-226. Zuhair S. AMR LARSEN T.B. (1975): Collecting in Jordan, March Mohammad ABU BAKER 1975. — Proceedings and Transactions of the Department of Biology British Entomological and Natural History So- Jordan University of ciety 8 (3): 83-86. Science & Technology LARSEN T.B. (1976): The importance of migration to P.O. Box 3030 the butterfly faunas of Lebanon, east Jordan and Egypt (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera). — No- Irbid/Jordan tulae Entomologica 56 (3): 73-83. E-Mail: [email protected]

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