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The South American Dung Beetle Genus Ennearabdus Lansberge (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Eucraniini) Author(S): Federico C

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The South American Dung Beetle Genus Ennearabdus Lansberge (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Eucraniini) Author(S): Federico C The South American Dung Beetle Genus Ennearabdus Lansberge (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Eucraniini) Author(s): Federico C. Ocampo Source: Journal of Insect Science, 10(93):1-12. 2010. Published By: Entomological Society of America DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1673/031.010.9301 URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1673/031.010.9301 BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences. BioOne provides a sustainable online platform for over 170 journals and books published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Web site, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/page/terms_of_use. Usage of BioOne content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non-commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. Journal of Insect Science: Vol. 10 | Article 93 Ocampo The South American dung beetle genus Ennearabdus Lansberge (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Eucraniini) Federico C. Ocampo Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas, CCT-CONICET, Mendoza. CC 507. 5500. Mendoza, Argentina Abstract The South American endemic dung beetle genus Ennearabdus Lansberge is revised. Description, diagnosis and illustrations are presented for the only known species of the genus, E. lobocephalus (Harold). A lectotype is designated for Onthophagus lobocephalus Harold, the type species of Ennearabdus. The biology, biogeography, conservation status, and distribution based on the predictive distribution model of E. lobocephalus are also discussed. Keywords: Argentina, conservation, lectotype, Monte, systematics Correspondence: [email protected] Associate Editor: Eugene Hall was editor of this paper. Received: 6 October 2008, Accepted: 24 March 2009 Copyright : This is an open access paper. We use the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license that permits unrestricted use, provided that the paper is properly attributed. ISSN: 1536-2442 | Vol. 10, Number 93 Cite this paper as: Ocampo FC. 2010. The South American dung beetle genus Ennearabdus Lansberge (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Eucraniini). Journal of Insect Science 10:93 available online: insectscience.org/10.93 Journal of Insect Science | www.insectscience.org 1 Journal of Insect Science: Vol. 10 | Article 93 Ocampo Introduction Monteresino and Zunino (2003), and Ocampo and Hawks (2006) described various aspects The genus Ennearabdus Lansberge is a of the biology and behavior of E. monotypic endemic of the Argentinean lobocephalus. North Western region that is rarely collected (probably because the area is not frequently The purpose of this contribution is to provide visited by entomologists) and is consequently a taxonomic revision of Ennearabdus, and rare in collections. This genus is a member of discuss this species’ biology, biogeography, the tribe Eucraniini, a relatively small tribe of and conservation status. dung beetles currently with four genera that is endemic to Argentina. The systematic Material and Methods placement of the genus within dung beetle classifications has been enigmatic and has Body measurements, puncture density, changed numerous times. The only known puncture size, fovea density, fovea size, and species, E. lobocephalus (Harold 1868), was density of setae are based on the following originally placed in the genus Onthophagus standards. Body length was measured from Latreille (Onthophagini). Later, Lansberge the apex of the pronotum (at the middle) to the (1874), described the genus Ennearabdus and apex of the elytra, head is excluded and indicated that the genus was related to the measured separately because the variable Phanaeini as a “transition form” between them position of the head and length of clypeal and the “Coprides”(i.e, Copris Geoffrey, teeth render it impractical to include in the Dichotomius Hope). Since Lansberge (1874), body length). Body width was measured the genus was placed in catalogs as a across mid-pronotum. Puncture density was Phanaeini (Gillet 1911; Bruch 1911; considered “dense” if punctures were nearly Blackwelder 1944). Olsoufieff (1924) did not confluent to less than two puncture diameters treat the genus in his revision of Phanaeini. apart, “moderately densely foveate” if Later, Pereira and Martínez (1956) considered punctures were two to six diameters apart, and that there was not enough justification to keep "sparse" if punctures were separated by more Ennearabdus in Phanaeini and described the than six diameters apart. Puncture size was tribe Ennearabdini for this monotypic genus, defined as “small” if punctures were < 0.02 but they did not indicate its phylogenetic mm in diameter, “moderate” if 0.02-0.07 mm relationships. Zunino (1983, 1985) was the in diameter, and “large” if > 0.07 mm in first author to indicate the relationship diameter. Surface was defined as “sparsely between Ennearabdus and the tribe foveate” if there was (on average) a space of Eucraniini, at that time composed of three more than one diameter between foveae, genera, Eucranium Brullé, Anomiopsoides “moderately dense” if there were 0.5-1.0 Blackwelder, and Glyphoderus Westwood. diameters between foveae, and “densely Philips et al. (2002) and Ocampo and Hawks foveate” if foveae were confluent or separated (2006), in their phylogenetic analysis based on by less than 0.5 diameters. Setae were defined morphological and molecular data, as “sparse” if there were few setae and surface respectively, proposed a close relationship of is distinctively visible, “moderately dense” if the four Eucraniini genera and its sister group, the surface was visible but with many setae, the Phanaeini. Zunino et al.(1993), and “dense” if the surface was not visible Journal of Insect Science | www.insectscience.org 2 Journal of Insect Science: Vol. 10 | Article 93 Ocampo through the setae. Elytral carinae were Ennearabdus van Lansberge 1874 counted from the elytral suture. Specimen (Figures 1-16) labels were copied literally using a “/” between lines. Type species: Onthophagus lobocephalus Harold 1868: 84, by monotypy. Lectoypes are here designated to provide the nomenclatural stability of the taxon studied, Ennearabdus lobocephalus (Harold 1868) according to Article 72 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Onthophagus lobocephalus Harold 1868. (original combination) Specimens for this research were collected, borrowed from and deposited in the following Type material: institutions and collections. Lectotypes. Lectotype at MNHN labeled: “Mendoza;” “lobocephalus / Harold;” “Ex. CMNC: Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, Musæo / E. Harold;” “Muséum Paris / ex coll Canada (RS Anderson, F. Génier). / R. Oberthür / 1952;” “Ennearabdus IAZA: Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones lobocephalus / det: F. C. Ocampo / ID: de las Zonas Áridas, Mendoza, FCO5062;” “Onthophagus lobocephalus / Argentina (S Roig-Juñent, FC Ocampo). Harold / Lectotype / F. Ocampo det.” (red MNHN: Muséum National d’Histoire label, handwritten). Naturelle, Paris, France (O Montreuil). Paratypes. One paralectotype at MNHN with UNSM: University of Nebraska State same label as lectotype except: “Ennearabdus Museum, Lincoln, NE, USA (BC lobocephalus / det: F. C. Ocampo / ID: Ratcliffe, ML Jameson-Russell). FCO5063;” “Onthophagus lobocephalus / USNM: United States National Museum, Paralectotype / F. Ocampo det.” (yellow label, Washington D.C. USA (D Furth). handwritten). One paralectotype at IADIZA labeled: “Mendoza / lobocephalus / Har.;” Predictive models of species distribution Museum Paris / coll. H. W. Bates / 1952;” Species distribution models are used to predict “Museum Paris / ex coll. / R. Oberthür / species potential distribution by relating 1952;” “Ennearabdus lobocephalus / det: F. known species collection localities to a set of C. Ocampo / ID: FCO5064;” “Onthophagus environmental variables that, presumably, lobocephalus / Paralectotype / F. Ocampo reflect the ecological niche of the species det.” (yellow label, handwritten). Four (Guisan and Thuillier 2005). Known localities paralectotypes at MHNH and one at IADIZA for E. lobocephalus were georeferenced and labeled: “Ex. Musæu / E. Harold”; “Museum mapped to model its distribution using Paris / ex coll. / R. Oberthür / 1952;” predictive methods based on bioclimatic “Ennearabdus lobocephalus / det: F. C. variables. MaxEnt (Phillips et al. 2006) was Ocampo / ID: FCO5065” (and sequential used combined with 19 bioclimatic variables numbers: FCO5066-69). “Onthophagus obtained from WorldClim dataset (Hijmans et lobocephalus / Paralectotype / F. Ocampo al. 2005). The resolution of the environmental det.” (yellow label, handwritten). One layers was approximately 4.6 x 4.6 km. paralectotype at MNHN labeled: “Ex. Musæu / E. Harold;” “Museum Paris / ex coll. / R. Journal of Insect Science | www.insectscience.org 3 Journal of Insect Science: Vol. 10 | Article 93 Ocampo Oberthür / 1952;” “Ennearabdus 4.19 mm. (n = 78). Color: head, pronotum and lobocephalus / det: F. C. Ocampo / ID: elytra dull to shiny black, rarely with metallic FCO5070;” “Onthophagus
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