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Timeline of Main Events in the History of Israel

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Timeline of Main Events in the History of Israel TIMELINE OF MAIN EVENTS IN THE HISTORY OF ISRAEL Biblical Period 1600 BCE Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob – forefathers of the Jewish people and bearers of the faith in one God – settle in the Land of Israel The tribes of Israel go down to Egypt because of a severe famine in the Land of Israel 1200 BCE The Exodus from Egypt, the gathering at Mount Sinai 1200-1100 The tribes of Israel settle in the Land of Israel BCE 1020 BCE The Kingdom of Israel is established; Saul – the first king Jerusalem becomes the capital of the Kingdom of Israel under 1000 BCE King David The First Temple, the national and spiritual center of the people 960 BCE of Israel, is built in Jerusalem by King Solomon The Kingdom of Israel that is located in the northern Land of 722-720 BCE Israel is conquered by Assyria; ten tribes go into exile The Kingdom of Judah is conquered by Babylonia; Jerusalem and 586 BCE the Temple are laid waste; the Jews are exiled to Babylonia The Second Temple Period The Return to Zion after the proclamation of Cyrus – masses of 538-515 BCE Jews return from Babylonia; the Temple is rebuilt The Land of Israel is conquered by Alexander the Great; 332 BCE Hellenistic rule The Hasmonean Revolt against the Greek Empire in reaction to 166-160 BCE the constraints imposed on Jewish religious practice 129-63 BCE Jewish political independence under the Hasmonean Kingdom 2 The Period of Roman Rule 63 BCE to 4 King Herod, a Roman vassal, rules in the Land of Israel; the CE Temple is expanded and becomes a spectacular compound 66 The Jews rebel against the Romans 70 The destruction of Jerusalem and the Second Temple 73 The Romans’ battle to conquer Masada 132-135 The Bar Kochba Revolt against the Romans The Romans change the name of Judea to Syria Palaestina and 136 the name of Jerusalem to Aelia Capitolina. Jews are forbidden to settle in the Land of Israel Changing Foreign Regimes 614 The Persian invasion 638 The Arab conquest The liberation of Jerusalem by a combined force of Persians and 638 Jews Conquest of Jerusalem by the Second Caliph, Umar ibn al- 638 Khattab Renewal of the Jewish community in Jerusalem The Dome of the Rock is built on the Temple Mount by the caliph 691 Abd al-Malik on the presumed location of the First and Second Temples 1099-1291 Crusader rule 1291-1516 Mamluk rule 1517 Ottoman rule The Modern Period 1863 The relative Jewish majority in Jerusalem is renewed 1882-1903 The First Aliyah 3 The First Zionist Congress in Basel under the aegis of Binyamin 1897 Ze’ev Herzl The establishment of the Jewish National Fund – an organization 1901 for purchasing land for Jewish settlement in the Land of Israel The Second Aliyah – mostly Jews from Eastern Europe and 1904-1914 Yemen The founding of the first kibbutz – Kibbutz Degania on the shore 1909 of Lake Kinneret (the Sea of Galilee) The Sykes-Picot Agreement between France and Britain, which May 16, 1916 delineated the two powers’ Middle Eastern areas of rule in the Ottoman Empire once the First World War had ended The Balfour Declaration – a document signed by British foreign November 2, minister Lord Arthur James Balfour, which espouses a national 1917 home for the Jewish people in the Land of Israel The Faisal-Weizmann agreement between Chaim Weizmann and January 3, Emir Faisal – an agreement that envisaged the relations between 1919 the Arabs in the Arab state to be established and the Jews in the Land of Israel The San Remo Agreement – that gave Britain rule over the Land of Israel after the fall of the Ottoman Empire, and ratified the April 25, 1920 creation of the national home for the Jewish people in the Land of Israel under the aegis of the British power Arab riots in Jaffa, Petah Tikva, Rehovot, Hadera, and elsewhere, in which 43 people were killed. The riots were spurred by the May 1-7, 1921 Arab national awakening and the demand to annul the Balfour Declaration The removal of Transjordan from the Jewish national home and its transformation into the Emirate of Transjordan (in the future, July 24, 1922 the Kingdom of Jordan) – in the framework of the publication of the first British White Paper The Establishment of the British Mandate over the Land of Israel August 23, Riots in Hebron, Jerusalem, and Safed. Arabs murder 133 Jews. 1929 The Peel Commission – the partition resolution is accepted July 7, 1937 by the British administration, Ben-Gurion, and the Zionist institutions, and is rejected by the Arabs 4 Aliyah Bet – “illegal immigration to Israel” – the bringing of 1934-1948 Holocaust survivors to the Land of Israel April 1936 to The disorders of the Arab Revolt and suppression by the British 1939 Publication of the third White Paper by Malcolm MacDonald, 1939 which restricts Jewish immigration to the Land of Israel March 22, The establishment of the Arab League with Cairo as its hub 1945 November 29, Approval of the partition plan by the General Assembly of the 1947 United Nations – Resolution 181 Establishment of the State of Israel November 29, The War of Independence; from May 15 to June 11 – the regular 1947 to July Arab armies’ invasion of the Land of Israel. 6000 Jews were killed 20, 1949 during the war. Declaration of statehood by David Ben-Gurion, chairman of the May 14, 1948 Jewish Agency, before the Provisional State Council February 24, Armistice agreements (Rhodes agreements): February 24 – Egypt, 1949 to July March 23 – Lebanon, April 3 – Jordan, July 20 – Syria 20, 1949 Jerusalem is divided between Israel and Jordan along the armistice lines: Jordan holds the eastern part of the city, Israel 1948 (until the western and southern parts. Jews are denied access to the 1967) Old City and the holy places in contravention of the armistice agreement Massive aliyah to Israel from Arab states and North Africa, and 1949 of displaced Jews from Europe. The Jewish population doubles from 650,000 to 1,300,000 May 11, 1949 Israel is accepted as the 59th member of the United Nations December 5, Jerusalem is declared the capital of Israel by David Ben-Gurion 1949 A UN Security Council resolution condemns Egypt’s blocking of 1951 the Suez Canal 5 Egypt’s blocking of the Straits of Tiran and emplacement of coastal artillery at Ras Natzrani - one of the main causus belli 1956 for the launching of the Sinai Campaign by France, Britain, and Israel October 29, 1956 to The Sinai Campaign – conquest of the Sinai Peninsula November 5, 1956 November 1, Establishment of the United Nations Emergency Force, UNEF 1956 The founding of the PLO – the Palestine Liberation Organization June 2, 1964 – whose purposes are: to represent the Palestinian people and to wage armed struggle aimed at destroying the State of Israel June 5, 1967 The Six-Day War between Israel and Arab states: Egypt, Jordan, to June 10, Syria, Lebanon, and Iraq 1967 August 29, Meeting of the Arab League in Khartoum, which laid down the 1967 to “three no’s”: no peace with Israel, no recognition of Israel, no September 1, negotiations with Israel 1967 UN Security Council Resolution 242 calls for a just and lasting peace in the Middle East, Israeli withdrawal from lands it November 22, conquered in the Six-Day War, a solution to the refugee 1967 problem, and the guaranteeing of free passage for ships through international lanes March 8, 1969 The War of Attrition – repeated Egyptian bombardment of IDF to August 9, forces deployed along the Suez Canal 1970 September Massacre of 11 Israeli athletes at the Munich Olympics by 5-6, 1972 Palestinian terrorists of the Black September organization October 6-24, The Yom Kippur War between Syria and Egypt and Israel. 2,222 1973 Israelis are killed UN Security Council Resolution 338, which calls for a ceasefire October 22, in the Yom Kippur War, the launching of negotiations, and 1973 implementation of Resolution 242 November 10, UN General Assembly Resolution 3379, which equates Zionism 1975 with racism 6 November 9, Sadat’s visit to Israel 1977 September 17, The Camp David Accords 1978 March 26, The signing of the Israeli-Egyptian Peace Treaty 1979 Completion of Israel’s withdrawal from the Sinai Peninsula as April 1, 1982 stipulated by the peace treaty with Egypt Assassination attempt on the Israeli ambassador to Britain, June 3, 1982 Shlomo Argov June 6, 1982 The First Lebanon War (Operation Peace for Galilee) 1982 Israel expels the PLO from southern Lebanon to Tunisia 1985 The IDF withdraws from Lebanon December 9, First Intifada erupts 1987 November Yasser Arafat declares Palestinian independence 1988 January 17, The First Gulf War 1991 October 30, The Madrid Conference 1991 December 16, The UN General Assembly revokes Resolution 3379 (that equates 1991 Zionism with racism) September 13, The Israeli-PLO Declaration of Principles (Oslo I) and exchange 1993 of letters of recognition between the PLO and Israel May 4, 1994 The Gaza-Jericho Agreement (Cairo Agreement) October 26, The signing of the Israeli-Jordanian Peace Treaty 1994 September 28, The Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement on the West Bank and 1995 the Gaza Strip (Oslo II) January 15, The Israeli-PLO Protocol Concerning the Redeployment in 1997 Hebron (Hebron Protocol) 7 October 23, The Wye River Memorandum between Israel and the PLO, which 1998 set forth the steps for implementing the Oslo agreements The second Camp David Conference, held by President Clinton July 2000 with the participation of Barak and Arafat.
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