Ocean Teacher Global Academy (OTGA) Training Course on GIS Applications for Coastal Zone Management 28 August - 01 September, 2017
N. Kiran Kumar Scientist-D & In-charge Web Based Services, INCOIS [email protected]
International Training Centre for Operational Oceanography (ITCOocean) ESSO-INCOIS, Hyderabad, India
International Oceanographic Data and Information Exchange Overview
GIS Basic Components
Geographic Data Models & How data is used in ArcGIS
GIS Types & available GIS Software’s
Components of ERDAS, ArcGIS – ArcMap, ArcCatalog and ArcToolbox
GIS on the Web – ArcGIS Server, ArcGIS Online, Google Earth
Extensions of ArcGIS – Spatial Analyst, Geostatistical Analyst and 3D Analyst A GIS integrates five basic components
Methods
Hardware Data
People GIS and maps
What do you use maps for? What do you use GIS maps for? Maps and layers
A GIS uses layers to characterize and describe our world Describing our World
We can describe any element of our world in two ways:
Attribute Information: Spatial Information: What is it? Where is it?
Species: Oak Height: 15m Age: 75 Yrs 51°N, 112°W Geographic Data Models
All geographic information systems are built using formal models that describe how things are located in space.
A formal model is an abstract and well-defined system of concepts. A geographic data model defines the vocabulary for describing and reasoning about the things that are located on the earth.
Geographic data models serve as the foundation on which all geographic information systems are built.
Scott Morehouse, Preface to “Modeling our World” Data Models
A geographic data model is a structure for organizing geospatial data so that it can be easily stored and retrieved. Geographic coordinates
Tabular attributes File-based Data Models
Geographic coordinates and attributes are stored in separate but linked files Arc Info • Coverages • Shapefiles – Developed for workstation – Developed for ArcView ~ Arc/Info ~ 1980 1993 – Complex structure, – Simpler structure in public proprietary format domain – Attributes in Info tables – Attributes in dBase (.dbf) tables Storing Data
Coverages Shapefiles
Texas Texas
Counties Counties.shp Counties.shx Counties.dbf Evap Evap.shp Evap.shx Evap.dbf Info Storing Data
Coverages and Shapefiles
– Coverages are stored partially in their own folder (ARC) and partially in the common INFO folder. Shapefiles are stored in three to five files (with extensions .shp, .shx, .dbf, .sbx and .sbn).
– Coverages store common boundaries between polygons only once, to avoid redundancy. Shapefiles store all the geometry of each polygon regardless of redundancy.
– Coverage features are single lines or single polygons. Shapefiles allow features to have multiple, disconnected, intersecting and overlapping components. Geodatabase and Feature Dataset
A geodatabase is a relational database that stores geographic information.
A feature dataset is a collection of feature classes that share the same spatial reference frame. Geodatabase model
• Stores geographic coordinates as one attribute (shape) in a relational database table
• Uses MS Access for “Personal Geodatabase” Shape (single user)
• Uses Oracle, SQL/Server, DB2 or other commercial relational databases for “Enterprise Geodatabases” (many simultaneous users)
• Uses files in “File Geodatabase” Geodatabase
Workspace Geodatabase Feature Dataset Feature Class
Geometric Network
Relationship Object Class Object Class
An object class is a collection of objects in tabular format that have the same behavior and the same attributes.
An object class is a table that has a unique identifier (ObjectID) for each record Feature Class
A feature class is a collection of geographic objects in tabular format that have the same behavior and the same attributes.
Feature Class = Object class + spatial coordinates Relationship
• A relationship is an association or link between two objects in a database.
• A relationship can exist between spatial objects (features in feature classes), non-spatial objects (objects in object classes), or between spatial and non-spatial objects. Relationship
Relationship between non-spatial objects
Water Quality Data
Water Quality Parameters Relationship
Relationship between spatial and non-spatial objects
Water quality data (non-spatial)
Measurement station (spatial) Network
• A network is a set of edges (lines) and junctions (points) that are topologically connected to each other.
• Each edge knows which junctions are at its endpoints
• Each junction knows which edges it connects to What types of geographic data do you work with? Vector model Geographic features are most commonly represented as
points
lines
polygons
Retail Streets Parcels stores
Points Lines Areas/Polygons Vector data organization Stored as feature classes Same geometry Attributes for points Same attributes
Points
Lines Shape field: Stores feature Polygons class geometry Raster data model
Used to represent imagery digital elevation models other thematic data Raster data organization
Matrix of cells Cell values measurements counts statistical values codes
(4,5) GIS – Creating Our Future GIS Types and Available GIS Software's
Management and analysis - GIS statistical software uses standard database queries to retrieve data and analyze data for decision making.
Web Application Programming Interface (API) is a set of subroutines designed to manage GIS data for its delivery to a web browser client from a GIS server using scripting language such as VBA or JavaScript.
Distributed GIS are web-based GIS, Mobile GIS, Corporate GIS and GRID computing.
Mobile GIS - implementations on mobile devices. With the widespread adoption of GPS, GIS has been used to capture and integrate data in the field. Open-source GIS Software
freely available over Internet downloads. They adopt OGC standards for networked servers, development of open source software continues to evolve, especially for web and web service oriented applications.
Well-known open source GIS software includes GRASS GIS, Quantum GIS, MapServer, uDig, OpenJUMP, gvSIG and many others.
PostGIS provides an open source alternative to geo-databases such as Oracle Spatial, and ArcSDE- proprietary and open data formats such as the Shape File format for vector data and the Geotiff format.
Web mapping
Google Maps, and Live Maps give the public access to street maps and aerial/satellite imagery that support such features as geocoding, searches, and routing functionality.
MapInfo's MapXtreme, Intergraph's GeoMedia WebMap, ESRI's ArcIMS, ArcGIS Server, Auto Desk's Mapguide and the open source MapServer offer users to create custom applications. Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) Standards
Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) is an international industry consortium of companies, government agencies and universities to develop publicly available geo-processing specifications.
Open interfaces and protocols (Web Map Service (WMS) and Web Feature Service (WFS)) defined by Open GIS Specifications support interoperable solutions that enable the Web, wireless and location based services, and mainstream IT, and empower technology developers to make complex spatial information and services. Commercial or proprietary GIS software
ESRI – Products include ArcView 3.x, ArcGIS, ArcSDE, ArcIMS, and ArcWeb services. GRAM++ GIS – Low-cost GIS software product developed by CSRE, IIT Mumbai. Autodesk –MapGuide and other products that interface with its AutoCAD software package. Cadcorp – Developers of GIS software and OpenGIS standard Intergraph –GeoMedia, GeoMedia Profesional, GeoMedia WebMap ERDAS IMAGINE –GIS, Remote Sensing, and Photogrammetry software by Leica Geosystems Geospatial Imaging. IDRISI –GIS developed by Clark Labs. MapInfo –MapInfo Professional and MapXtreme. integrates GIS software, data and services. Commercial or proprietary GIS software
MapPoint –GIS product developed by Microsoft. Caliper –Maptitude, TransCAD and TransModeler for transportation. CARIS (Computer Aided Resource Information System) for hydrography and cadastral systems. GMS – Three-dimensional environment for building geologic and groundwater models TatukGIS – Products include a GIS development toolkit, Internet Map Server, GIS Editor, free GIS Viewer, Aerial Imagery Corrector. Axpand – cartography product by Axes Systems for data import/export, automatic generalization, visualization and on-screen editing, pre-print configuration. Open source software
GRASS –U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, open source: a complete GIS
MapServer – Web-based mapping server, by the University of Minnesota.
QGIS - is a cross-platform free and open-source desktop geographic information system (GIS) application that supports viewing, editing, and analysis of geospatial data.
Chameleon – Environments for building applications with MapServer.
GeoNetwork open source – A catalog application to manage spatially referenced resources
ILWIS (Integrated Land and Water Information System) integrates image, vector and thematic data.
MapWindow GIS – Free, open source GIS desktop application and programming component. Other GIS software PostGIS – Spatial extensions for the open source PostgreSQL database, allowing geospatial queries.
TerraView – GIS desktop that handles vector and raster data stored in a relational or geo-relational database.
AccuGlobe – Fully functional GIS and geoanalysis software platform for Windows developed by DDTI (ddti.net)
CrossView for ArcGIS – created by A-Prime Software, is a wizard based ArcGIS plug-in, which enables map cross-sectioning and profile creation.
GeoBase –developed by Telogis. focus on real-time processing for reverse- geocoding, geofencing, • My World GIS –GIS platform for Windows and Mac OSX with robust/intuitive geoprocessing tools, Panorama – Russian GIS for military uses.
SPRING – GIS software developed at INPE
SavGIS – Free and complete GIS software available in French, English GIS Software Components of ERDAS, ArcGIS – ArcMap, ArcCatalog and ArcToolbox Hexagon Geospatial - Products and Platform
Desktop Cloud
- All Server & Mobile Products - ERDAS Imagine • Apollo Products - GeoMedia • Web Map Products - Photogrammetry • GeoMedia Smart Client • Mobile Products
- Smart M.Apps ERDAS IMAGINE Overview A powerful authoring platform to turn your geospatial data into actionable information. A proven leader in Remote Sensing, Radar & Point Cloud Analysis. • Single platform to access optical, aerial, UAV, Radar, Hyperspectral, Thermal, Vector, Elevation & Scientific data • Performs advanced remote sensing analysis and spatial modelling to create new information. • Visualize your results in 2D, 3D, movies, and on cartographic- quality map compositions. • Optional modules (add-ons) provide specialized functionalities to enhance your productivity and expand capabilities. Key Features – ERDAS IMAGINE
• Mosaic images of unlimited size • Image classification using vast algorithms • Different Change detection techniques • Image enhancement & filtering • Vegetation, Soil & Mineral indices • Hyperspectral data analysis • Scientific & Radar data analysis • Map Composition & presentation • Spatial & Spectral Tools • Terrain Analysis • Dynamic spatial model Creation & Visualization of Results • Python & IMAGINE Command Line support in Spatial Models • Access & analyse point cloud (lidar) data ArcGIS – a long history A Pervasive System for Using Maps & Geographic Information 10.5
10.4.1
ArcGIS 10.x 10.4 2017 2016 10.3.1
10.3 2015 ArcGIS 10 10.2 10.1 10.0
2009
2001 1995
1996
1982 1999 ArcGIS as a platform… Provides Geospatial Capabilities Across the Entire Organization
Citizens Managers Deployed • Mapping Knowledge Users Workers • Analysis • Visualization Enterprise Integration
Cloud Professional GIS
. . . A Framework For Sharing, and Collaboration Integrate ArcGIS for Desktop capability Authoring authoritative content…
Mapping Editing
Editor Tom Bill Joe
Visualization Analysis
¼ Mile ½ Mile 1 Mile ArcGIS DESKTOP
Platform for Analyzing Visualizing - Creating, - Editing, and Managing Data Design & Planning - Analyzing geographic knowledge - Examine relationships, - Test predictions - Ultimately make better decisions. Decision Making
Measuring
Acting ArcGIS DESKTOP
ArcMap Arc Catalog Mapping, editing, Browse and display data, visualization, and analysis Manage data and Search for data ArcToolbox perform analysis ArcMap: Mapping application Feature classes and layers
Each layer references a feature class (data) Layers define the appearance of the data Feature class organization
Each feature class contains a set of features and attributes Each feature has one record
Businesses Businesses Streets attribute table
Zoning How is geographic data stored? Geodatabase
Geodatabase with feature classes, a Primary storage mechanism in raster dataset, and a ArcGIS stand-alone table Arc Catalog: Data management application
Catalog Contents Tree View Panel
Right-click an item to view its shortcut menu Consider…
Do you want to see all the layers in your map all the time? Do you want to see all the features in a layer all the time? What are some ways to control the display of layers and features in ArcMap? Zooming using commands and tools
Zoom to Layers Selections Bookmarks Full extent
Zoom to selected features Controlling which features display
All lakes are displayed Definition query Query statement defines which features draw "SQKM" > 500 Query statement: Attribute field: "SQKM" Operator: > Value: 500 Only lakes larger than 500 square kilometers are displayed Controlling when layers display
Scale range Layer turns on or off when scale threshold is crossed
Railroads don’t display Railroads display when zoomed out when zoomed in to a specified scale
1:5,000,000 1:3,000,000 Grouping layers
Thematically related layers grouped in the table of contents
When Transportation is unchecked, member layers do not draw Creating basemap layers
Lakes, Provinces, Countries, and Ocean make up the Basemap layer Making new map layers
Create selection layer
Left: Parks with lakes are selected Right: Selected parks are saved as new layer
Parks Parks Selection Parks What is Symbology? Symbology based on attributes
Category: State Name Quantity: Population Categorical data
Names Codes Descriptions What is Quantitative data? Quantitative data
Count Measurement
ELEV Quantitative data Density: POP2001 / SQKM Quantitative symbology based on attributes Colors associated with elevation Symbol size values associated with population values ELEV What is classification and why do we need it? Classification methods
Natural Breaks Equal Interval
People per sq km People per sq km
Quantile Manual
People per sq km People per sq km Classification methods
Natural Breaks
Note: Value “0” indicates less than one person per square kilometer. Classification methods
Equal Interval: 0-6; 7-12; 13-18; 19-24
Note: Value “0” indicates less than one person per square kilometer. Classification methods
Quantile
Note: Value “0” indicates less than one person per square kilometer. Classification methods
Manual: Depends on what you want to show… Suppose you want to show Provinces with < or > 10 people per sq km
Note: Value “0” indicates less than one person per square kilometer. Where does map text come from? What are labels?
Software-generated map text based on attribute values Dynamic label placement
Preferred label position is top 1 right
Mississauga and St. Positions Catharines suppressed to vary, but all labels fit avoid conflict 2 3 Placement rules for different feature types
Points Lines Prefer Top Right, Polygons all allowed
Curved Horizontal and Above Line Label symbology
Font, size, color, more
Arial, 14-point, Bold, Purple Heart Character spacing 25.00 White 2-point halo SQL query
Draw labels only for specified attribute values Example: Label only international airports
"DESCRIPT" = 'International' Scale range
Draw labels at specified scales Example: Label airports only at large scales
Scale > 1:2,000,000 Scale < 1:2,000,000 Label classes
Additional sets of labels for a layer Typically use different symbology
Two label classes based on population Label expressions
Use scripting functions to format labels
Label expression: [NAME] &vbnewline & "
Label weight ranking
Ordered label classes by priority Assign weight to features and labels (in case of conflict) Map Layout - content considerations
Create map of national park Purpose mountain peaks
Map will be hung at various park locations Situation and used in map booklets
Park visitors, backpackers, rangers, park Audience naturalists, park maintenance staff Data View vs. Layout View
Data Layout View View Map elements
Title
Legend
Border
Locator Main map map
Locator map
Scale Logo bar
North arrow ArcGIS DESKTOP Ecological Sampling Enables Better Analysis Advancing Geographic Science
Integrated Scientific 3D Analysis Programming
Python Statistics GIS Time-Aware Analysis & Visualization
Math
Modeling
Background Improved Processing Map Algebra Location & Allocation
. . . Extending Our Quantitative Methods ArcGIS DESKTOP Complete 3D GIS 3D Analysis
3D Editing Fast Visualization
Virtual Cities
Terrain Updating
3D Models Video Integration
- Providing Powerful Data Management, Analysis & Visualization . . . Removing Limitations & Dramatically Improving Performance ArcGIS DESKTOP Supports time based visualisation
• New York • Katrina • Sea Ice
. . . Creating Greater Understanding ArcGIS DESKTOP Applications with 3D Functionality
ArcGlobe ArcScene
ArcMap ArcCatalog ArcGIS Apps
Pro ArcMap & ArcGIS Pro Professional GIS App for the ArcGIS Platform
Esri’s next-gen 64-bit desktop GIS product is ArcGIS Pro. Technologically ahead of everything else on the market. WebGIS
ArcGIS Pro provides professional 2D and 3D mapping in an intuitive user interface. You can think of ArcGIS Pro as a big step forward - Desktop one that advances visualization, analytics, image processing, data management, and integration.
Key Features
700+ Geo processing and Analysis Tools
Share maps and data
Seamlessly work in both 2D and 3D
Multiple Layouts
Fully integrated with ArcGIS Platform New and Improved
Configure UI through settings, and workflow through Tasks • Smart Mapping Automate using geoprocessing and Python • Editing Extend with the Pro SDK • KML/WFS • Map Series Advanced Mapping, Visualization, Editing and Analysis • Charting GIS on the Web – ArcGIS Server, ArcGIS Online, Google Earth, Arc Earth WebGIS Empowers Everyone in Your Organization To Discover, Use, Make, and Share Maps from Any Device, Anywhere, Anytime
…Making it Easy for Everyone to See How Geography Influences Their Decisions ArcGIS Enterprise | Next Generation Server Platform (10.5)
App s Access and Management
Desktop Portal APIs
Data GIS Image Image Management, Management Mapping, and Server Server & Raster Geoprocessing Portal Analytics GeoEvent GeoAnalytics Real Time Server Server Big Data
ArcGIS Enterprise
Deployable On-Premises and In the Cloud Enterprise Data Management, Analysis, and Mapping ArcGIS for Server enables Web GIS in your infrastructure
Desktop Web Device Client applications E.g.: Collector, Dashboard, Explorer, Esri Maps for … Apps, and Web AppBuilder
Apps
Portal for ArcGIS Portal Includes data from ArcGIS Online
portal
GIS server ArcGIS Web Adaptor, Enterprise geodatabase, ArcGIS Data Store Server Online Content and GIS Servers Services What are GIS services?
• GIS service → GIS resource running on a server -vs. GIS application on your local computer
…
services • Share GIS resource to the web
Map Feature Network Geodata Geoprocessing Image Locator Schematics ArcGIS API for Python | Enables Scripting and Automation
A Whole New Way to Experience and Leverage ArcGIS
Command Line
Command Jupyter • Automation Scripts Line Notebooks • Analysis • System Administration Python API
ArcGIS (Enterprise & Online)
Jupyter Notebooks Programmatic Access to ArcGIS Scripts Empowering GIS Users . . . And Opening ArcGIS to Data Scientists Geographic Web Browser- Google Earth
Google Maps is a free web mapping http://earth.google.com/ service by Google that provides various types of geographical information. Using Google Maps, one can.
Search for places or get directions from one place to another.
View and navigate through horizontal and vertical panoramic street level images of various cities around the world.
Get specific information like traffic at a particular point.
Google Maps provides an API using which you can customize the maps and the information displayed on them. Geographic Web Browser- Google Earth Google Maps (http://maps.google.com/maps) = The passive side of Google Maps
Allows you to view the basic Google Map content. Search for addresses, businesses, places of interest, etc. Base maps: Traffic layer, Map layer, Satellite Layer, Terrain Layer, Earth Layer. Activate Street View by clicking on the orange person and dragging it around the map. Google My Maps (http://maps.google.com/maps and click on: My Maps) = The interactive side of Google Maps Please note: Google My Maps requires a free Google Account. Create your own content (= your own personal maps), complete with imbedded photographs and YouTube videos.
Browse and use the interactive content created by others.
Perform some basic quantitative analysis.
Share your maps and content with others. Google Earth 3D With Terrain Adding data to Google Earth ArcGIS Earth ArcGIS Earth is a simple, lightweight, easy-to-use desktop application that allows you to display and explore a variety of 3D and 2D map data for any part of the world.
Build skills in these areas: Navigating and exploring ArcGIS Earth Changing the basemap Finding data in the Living Atlas Adding data from a file Sharing your results Explore the world with ArcGIS Earth http://learn.arcgis.com/en/projects/get-started-with-arcgis-earth/lessons/explore-the-world-with-arcgis- earth.htm# Extensions of ArcGIS – Spatial Analyst, Geostatistical Analyst and 3D Analyst ArcGIS
DESKTOP Defense Providing Specialized Capabilities Extensions - Logistics Spatial Analysis
Network Analysis
3D Analysis & Visualization
Schematics
Tracking Business Publishing Mapping Interoperability Solutions Survey • Business Analytics Workflow • Transportation Logistics • Map & Data Production • Workflow Management • Geospatial Intelligence • Production Mapping • Aeronautical • Nautical • Mapping Agency • Defense ArcGIS DESKTOP Extensions - Providing Specialized Capabilities
Spatial Analyst
Suitability Modeling • Use ArcGIS Spatial Analyst to select the best location for a new site. Surface Analysis • Build and analyze complex surfaces to identify patterns or features. Distance Analysis • Calculate the cost of travel, cost- weighted distance, least-cost path, and shortest path Density Analysis • Calculate a density value for each cell in an output raster. Statistical Analysis • Apply cell, neighborhood, zonal overlay, and multivariate statistical Solar Radiation analysis techniques to the modeling Value Wh/m2 of your spatial data. High : 910357
Low : 278071 ArcGIS DESKTOP Extensions - Providing Specialized Capabilities
Network Analyst •Routing - Multipoint routing - Time windows supported on stops - Traveling salesperson •Vehicle Routing Problem - Time windows - Driver breaks and specialties - Vehicle capacities and order quantities •Service Areas - Complex polygon generation - Allocation across networks •Closest Facility Route Closest Facility Service Area - Fixed and mobile asset routing - Emergency response •OD Cost Matrix - Travel time matrix - Maximum destination and Vehicle Routing Origin-Destination distance cutoffs Location-Allocation Problem Cost Matrix ArcGIS DESKTOP Extensions - Providing Specialized Capabilities
3D Analyst • Data Visualization - Three-dimensional visualization of your GIS data for data exploration and synthesis • Interactive Navigation - Interactive navigation tools to explore, display, and query your three-dimensional data • Surface Creation and Analysis - Creation and analysis of surface data for sophisticated modeling, viewing, and analysis Surface Creation and • 3D Symbols Analysis - Support for hundreds of three-dimensional symbols to enhance the display and realism of your data • Fly-through Paths and Animations - Creation of advanced fly-throughs and animations for better communication and presentation of important concepts
3D Visualisation and Analysis ArcGIS DESKTOP Extensions - Providing Specialized Capabilities
Geostatistical Analyst
Visualize, model, and predict spatial relationships.
Link data, graphs, and maps dynamically.
Perform deterministic and geostatistical interpolation.
Evaluate models and predictions probabilistically assess risks. s s Moving window direction s 1 2 n
Semivario Semivario Semivario
gram for s1 gram for s2 gram for sn ArcGIS DESKTOP Extensions - Providing Specialized Capabilities Data Interoperability - Read more than 100 spatial data formats - including GML, XML, WFS, Autodesk DWG/DXF, MicroStation Design, MapInfo MID/MIF and TAB, Oracle and Oracle Spatial, and Intergraph GeoMedia Warehouse. - Share data with anyone - by exporting to more than 70 spatial data formats. - Build complex spatial ETL processes - using FME Workbench, a semantic data translation engine for data transformation, migration, validation, and distribution. - Incorporate these formats and ETL processes - in the geoprocessing framework using tools, ModelBuilder, and scripts ArcGIS DESKTOP Extensions - Providing Specialized Capabilities
Schematics
• Automatically generate schematics from complex networks.
• Check network connectivity.
• Perform quality control of network data.
• Optimize network design and analysis.
• Evaluate network forecast and planning (modeling, simulation, comparative analysis).
• Dynamically interact with GIS through a schematic view.
• Perform commercial and market analyses.
• Model social networks, generate flowcharts, and manage interdependencies. ArcGIS DESKTOP Extensions - Providing Specialized Capabilities
Tracking Analyst
• Visualize change over time.
• Symbolize the age of data by color, size, or shape.
• Group and symbolize data by entity or track.
• Interactively play back time-based data.
• Analyze historical or real-time data.
• Create animation files for AVI output. Useful Resources Software’s:
ArcGIS Products: http://www.esri.com/products https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_geographic_information_systems_software
https://www.gislounge.com/open-source-gis-applications/ http://doc.arcgis.com/en/arcgis-earth/
http://learn.arcgis.com/en/projects/get-started-with-arcgis-earth/lessons/explore-the-world- with-arcgis-earth.htm
http://pro.arcgis.com/en/pro-app/get-started/pro-quickstart-tutorials.htm
Google Maps Tutorials: http://earth.google.com/outreach/tutorials.html General:
ArcGIS Blog: http://blogs.esri.com/esri/arcgis GeoNet: http://geonet.esri.com Reference material and brochures about ESRI products: http://www.esri.com/library/ ArcGIS summary: http://www.esri.com/library/brochures/pdfs/arcgis.pdf Spatial Analyst summary: http://www.esri.com/library/brochures/pdfs/spatialanalystbro.pdf ESRI Virtual Campus – provides online training: http://campus.esri.com/ Useful Resources GIS Data for Global Datasets:
Name Description
Natural Earth http://www.naturalearthdata.com/
Global Map http://www.gsi.go.jp/kankyochiri/globalmap_e.html
GSHHG http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/pwessel/gshhg/
Global Administrative Areas http://gadm.org/
Gridded Population of the World (GPW) http://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/data/collection/gpw-v4
Global Roads Open Access Data Set http://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/data/set/groads-global-roads-open-access-v1 (gROADS)
OpenStreetMap https://www.openstreetmap.org/
Shaded relief data http://www.shadedrelief.com/
Bhuvan http://bhuvan.nrsc.gov.in/gis/thematic/index.php
Earth Explorer https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/
ArcGIS Open Data http://opendata.arcgis.com Courtesy: Contents, images used in this presentation are from www.esri.com & www.hexagon.com