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Towards a Meta-Tool for Change-Centric Method Engineering: a Typology of Generic Operators Jolita Ralyte, Colette Rolland, Rebecca Deneckere

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Towards a Meta-Tool for Change-Centric Method Engineering: a Typology of Generic Operators Jolita Ralyte, Colette Rolland, Rebecca Deneckere View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by HAL-Paris1 Towards a meta-tool for change-centric method engineering: a typology of generic operators Jolita Ralyte, Colette Rolland, Rebecca Deneckere To cite this version: Jolita Ralyte, Colette Rolland, Rebecca Deneckere. Towards a meta-tool for change-centric method engineering: a typology of generic operators. CAISE'04, 2004, Riga, Latvia. 3084, pp.202-218, 2004, <10.1007/b98058>. <hal-00703610> HAL Id: hal-00703610 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00703610 Submitted on 4 Jun 2012 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destin´eeau d´ep^otet `ala diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publi´esou non, lished or not. The documents may come from ´emanant des ´etablissements d'enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche fran¸caisou ´etrangers,des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou priv´es. Towards a Meta-tool for Change-centric Method Engineering: a Typology of Generic Operators Jolita Ralyté *, Colette Rolland **, Rébecca Deneckère ** * CUI, University of Geneva, Rue de Général Dufour, 24, C -1211 Genève 4, Swit%erland ralyte&cui.unige.ch ** CRI, University of Paris 1 + Sorbonne, ,0, rue de .olbiac, 70011 Paris, 2rance 3rolland, denecker4&univ-paris1.fr Keywords6 7ethod Engineering, meta-modelling, method assembly, method adaptation, method e:tension Towards a Meta-tool for Change-centric Method Engineering: a Typology of Generic Operators Abstract. .he work presented in this paper considers how 7ethod Engineering (7E) helps in method changes that are required by Information Systems (IS) changes. In fact, 7E provides different approaches allowing to construct situation-specific methods by adapting, e:tending, improving e:isting methods or by assembling method components. All these approaches use a set of operations to reali%e these method changes. Our objective in this paper is to provide a meta-tool for change-centric 7E which takes the form of a typology of generic 7E operators. .he operators for each specific 7E approach are instantiated from the generic ones. .he paper illustrates and discusses the instantiation of the generic typology for two assembly-based 7E approaches. 1 ntroduction In order to survive in a more and more competitive environment, organizations undergo frequent changes that imply to adapt, enhance, reform, evolve, merge, interoperate their supporting Information Systems (IS). .here are many different kinds of IS change and many circumstances for change such as business change, technology progress, ERP installation, company mergeAtake-over, globali%ation, standardi%ation of practices across branches of a company etc. Each of them requires specific methods to handle change. .hus, as a consequence of the need for IS change, engineering methods shall themselves adapt to new circumstances of IS evolution. In other words, IS change implies method change. .he position taken in this paper is that Method Engineering (7E) can help to respond to this need. 7E is the Bdiscipline to study engineering techniques for constructing, assessing, evaluating and managing methods and to study educational techniques for teaching and training method usersC D27E. Fe see 7E at two levels of abstraction6 the method level and the method meta-level. .he former refers to the construction of new change-centric methods using 7E techniques. .his leads to the development of methods supporting different kinds of evolution such as IS improvement, e:pansion, transformation as well as methods tailored to emerging application domains such as e-commerce, web services, mobile IS, etc. .he latter seeks to provide generic 7E tools and techniques to support 7E at the method level. ProcessesAAlgorithms to support Bon the flyC construction of situation specific methods is an e:ample of such meta-technique. .ypologies of 7E approaches or techniques are another e:ample. Our concern in this paper is to provide a meta-tool for change-centric method engineering which takes the form of a set of ME operators. Indeed, at the core of every 7E process there is a set of operations to be carried out on the components of the method(s) involved in the 7E activity. As these components are mainly Product and Process 7odels (PP7s), these operations can be formali%ed as operators applicable to the various elements of PP7s. .hese operators are generic in the sense that they are not dependent of a specific 7E approach. On the contrary, they can be instantiated in every specific 7E approach. In order to ease the use of generic operators in a given 7E approach, we provide in the paper a framework, the operator-driven ME framework, to deal with the meta and method levels and to generate operators for any specific 7E approach from the generic ones. .he usefulness of such a typology of operators is manifolds. It offers a means to easily generate a complete set of operators for a specific 7E approach and to base the 7E approach on a theoretically sound ground. Such a formalisation is especially required in the case of a corresponding CA7E tool creation. 7oreover, it offers a possibility to develop mi:ed 7E approaches to deal with a combination of 7E situations. .his will be achieved by combining operators of different 7E types. .he remainder of this paper is as follows6 section 2 proposes a typology of 7E approaches, which is used for the definition of the generic 7E operators presented in section 1. In section 4 we illustrate how the generic typology of 7E operators can be instantiated in order to obtain operators for a specific 7E approach. 2inally, section 0 draws some conclusions and discussions about our future work. 2 Typology of Method Engineering Approaches A large number of 7ethod Engineering approaches have been proposed in the literature. .hese approaches provide guidance for the creation of a new method D11, 20, 21E and for the adaptation of an e:isting method to some conditions of change D10E or to a specific project situation D6, 7, 10E. A literature survey D4, 0, 8, 20, 2,E complemented by our own e:perience D18E leads us to classify these approaches according to four types of method engineering (2ig. 1) that we referred to as Ad-Hoc, aradigm-Based, Extension-Based and Assembly-Based, respectively. Ad- oc approaches deal with the construction of a new method Bfrom scratchC. .here are different reasons that can initiate a decision to construct a new method. .he appearance of a new application domain that is not yet supported by a specific method is one e:ample, e:perience capitalisation serving as the start point for a new method construction is another e:ample. Paradigm-Iased 7E D17E uses some initial paradigm model or meta-model as a baseline As-Is model which is instantiated D0E, abstracted D18E or adapted D10E according to the current 7E objective to develop the .o-Ie model of the new method. It shall be noticed that in the case of adaptation, the As-Is and .o-Ie models are at the same abstraction level whereas in the cases of abstraction and instantiation, the As-Is and .o-Ie models pertain to different levels of abstraction. E:tension-Iased 7E proposes different kinds of e:tension that can be realised on an e:isting method. .heir objective is to enhance a method with new concepts and properties D1E. 2or e:ample, a static method such the one for construction EAR schemas can be e:tended to deal more systematically with the representation of time through a calendar of time points, intervals etc. and temporal aspects such as the histories of entities. Assembly-Iased 7E proposes to construct new methods or to enhance e:isting ones by reusing parts of other methods and assembling them. .he core concept in these approaches is one of reusable method component D28E also called method chunk D16, 22E, method fragment D2, 7, 14, 26E or method block D12E. An Assembly-Iased method construction consists in defining method requirements for a current situation, selecting method components satisfying this situation and assembling the selected method components. Association and integration are two kinds of assembly that can be applied on the selected method components D10E. Association concerns assembly of method components with different purposes and objectives. On the contrary, integration deals with overlapping method components having the same or similar objective but providing different manners to satisfy it. Method Engineering Ad-Hoc Paradigm-Based Extension-Based Assembly-Based Instantiation Abstraction Adaptation Association Integration Fig. 1. .ypology of 7ethod Engineering Approaches 3 Towards Generic Operators for Method Engineering In this section we present our operator-driven ME framework, propose a ME meta- model and then, develop our typology of generic ME operators. 3.1 Role of Operators in Method Engineering Each 7E approach proposes a specific method engineering process which uses a specific set of method construction operators. .he objective of this work is to propose a generic typology of 7E operators which should ease the definition of a set of specific operators for every specific 7E approach while guaranteeing their completeness and correctness. 2ig. 2 presents our operator-driven ME framework where specific 7E operators are generated from the generic ones. .he generic 7E operators are applicable to generic elements that compose any model involved in a 7E activity. .o achieve this, it is necessary to abstract from the specificity of a given model and generali%e model elements, their relationships as well as relationships between different models. 7eta-modelling is known as a means to do so. .hus, in order to build the typology of generic 7E operators, we first developed a meta-model for 7E, i.e.
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