I i In the Footsteps of the Incas I_I BY FRANK G. CARPENTER

• «vy«-Hrtt 1814. bv 1'. G. Carppntpr.) __ * Cuzco, Peru. □ME with me this bright Sunday morning and take a look at the site of the ancient capital of the Incas, that wonderful family <>l ■ ho ruled the most of western South America about »i00 years ago. Like the ruling dynasties of Japan and China and almost every other great empire on earth, they believed themselves to l>e de- scended from the gods. They thought they were the offspring of the sun, and they called themselves the sun's children. They

had a tradition as to how they sprang into existence on on. of the islands or Take Titicaca and from there inarched out. onto the Andean pleateaii anil sub- dued and civilized the then savages. They came here to Cuzco, at the head of a beautiful valley in the heart of the Andes, and established a capital. The. gradually conquered th** regions about until their empire extended far bey«»n Quito, in Ecua- dor, which is *V" or 7u*> miles south of the Panama canal, to below where the capi- tal of Chile now stands. They had sub- jects all along the eastern shores of thi Amazon, and the western limits of their rule were the. shores of the mighty Ph- ifje. At the time that Columbus came to America, or a littel later, when Pizarro, the brutal Spanish butcher general, came to Pevu and conquered them, they gov- erned a country as long as the distance between tht Arctic ocean and the shores of Take Erie, a country which whs larger than all of the United States east <*f th** Mississippi valley and which, had it been dropped down in Europe, would have more than covered Germany and France. Norway and Sweden, Denmark and Switzerland. Austria-Hungary and the Spanish peninsula.

At the time they were overthrown by the Spaniards the Incas had divided this country into provinces. They had viceroys and subordinate officials and they had ten? of millions of subjects They had not only subdued the sa\- f*Mv-s of the liieaN but had civilized (hem. Tin subjects «»f tin- Incas were a na tion of farmers, mechanics and artl sans They had a religion that recog hized tlie sun as the lord of the world, ami their emperor as his ruler on earth They had temples lo the sun. some of which were plated with gold and with- in which was an imago of the sun of pure gold. The people believed in this religion and they were pious and peaceful. They gave a part of their time to the work for the church and a part for the sick and the widows and orphans. They how the Incas built. down the shoot-the-chute of the worked also for the government, and Top, Left—Showing Top, Right—Sliding mighty last of alb for themselves and theii Andes. Bottom—View of Cuzco taken from Port Sacsahuaman families. They worked well, too. They largely the support of the priesthood, oaK. They lived In enormous structures • ut at the quarries from original pat- conquered the land. They irrigated the Top—One of the big blocks of the Inca fortifications. Bottom—“I sat down on the throne and posed as a and although in the direst poverty, they scattered over the empire and some of ients and designs given by the archi- deserts, and today you may see the king” 4, 41 remains of their aqueducts of stone give a large proportion of what they their convents are said to have had 1000 ;ects. They are Joined together like a vl*»bg. neatly fitted together, which car- make to the support of the church. In inmates. The one in Cuzco must have Mosaic, and although I wen: carefully just large enough so that the man's den to flowers, and the trees which have ruiown as the Tnca throne. The original ried', the water over millions of acres traveling through the. country one sees covered «ight acres, and the walls, which iver them. I could not find one place in head could be squeezed through it, ids grown in it now almost hide the city granite lias been cut in ledges or steps They had one aqueduct that was ion a little wooden cross rising above the are still in existence, run around the which 1 could put my knife Made into neck lying as it were on the .-tone. He below. rising to a low table or bed, upon which miles long. Their irrigating canals ran thatched roof of every Indian hut, and greater part of a square, forming the llie cracks. The unions are without mor- vas put into this posi^on on his belly, leaving the palace and climbing up to the I non is supposed to have lain upon not only along the sides of the moun- In the services at the cathedral here foundations of many homes which are on tar, and tile stones are as firm and regu- and after his head was put through the the fort, I found an enormous structure a. couch of tors or alpaca skins, with his tains, but they ml tunnels through there are more Indians than whites. the second story of the structure. Much lar today as when they were made. Nev- hole his legs were bent up over his back surrounding many acres, and inclosing • ft « -als sitting cross-legged on each side them and as T rode to Cuzco, along the Mixed with their worship of Christ and of the first story has been turned into ertheless. the builders knew nothing of and his feet thrust through the T part the whole top of the hill. The walls of of him. I sat down on the throne and high plateau. I saw thousands of acres the Madonna, they have still much of “tores. The granite walls have been cut iron or steel. They had evidently no of the key. bending his body, as it were, the fortification ^are in terraces rising one posed as a king. of terhaces. now gone to ruin and al- the ancient ceremonies and beliefs of the away and cave-like vaults made in which knowledge of cement or mortar, although in %h knot. The torture was such that 4 over the other. They are made of enor- most a desert, which these people had Incas. They pray lacing the sun, and all sorts of house industry goes on. I It is said that gol 1 and silever wet1** some- often caused death. 1 had my stonogruph- mous blocks of granite, some of which Xot lar from this place is what in made to blossom like the rose. Such they cross themselves when they ap- saw a saddler, sewing on harness in one times placed between the joints as ;l er get down and put his head through weigh many tons. There is no stone of called the concert hall or amusement terraces are seen on the sides of the proach Cuzco, the sacred city of their nave in the'' wall, a shoemaker pegging bedding material. I saw no evidence of the hole to illustrate how It was done. I the same nature nearby, and the stone ground of these ancient rulers. Tt con- mountains above almost every Peru- ancestors. away In a second, and a carpenter saw- this in my investigation. 4 also tried to induce him to let me put must have been brought from a great dis- sists d an open air court, covering vian valley of the plateau and along I am told thut there were temples of ing and planing In a third. The blocks Some of tlie most remarkable buildings Vgs through the T. but this he re- tance. No one jjtnows exactly where it acre* which is surrounded by great rocks the vest coast. They run up the slopes the sun at many other places in Peru, of this building are of great size and of ancient Cuzo were tin* fortifications fused. came from nor how it was carried up out of which sesis have been cut. On like so many steps, thp earth being and that in certain centers the virgins the\ will apparently last for ages. ot SaOhsabuaman. which crowned the this precipitous hill, which is almost 1000 one side of it is a rocky hill which is held back by stone walls. u the sun bad their convents. These Other Interesting remains were the top of a hill just back of the city. This Tlie palace of Manco Capac must have feet from the plain, it is supposed that covered wltii such seats* and under The subjects of the Incas were a na- people had an Idea of a supreme being, walls of the palaces which formed the bill rises precipitously from the level been a magnificent home. its garden roads were made for the purpose and that which is a tunnel which Is supposed to tion of shepherds. They had millions of who was represented by the sun. It was homes of the Incas. Take that of Pach- where Cuzco stands to a height of 70t) covered acres. the main part standing hundreds of men had to work together to have communicated with the Temple of alpacas and llamas, and they also used this being who created the world, and acutec, which stood not far from or 800 foet. it is so steep that one has to upon a terrace, which was 12 feet above move a single stone. The fort was built the Sun. down in Cuzco, perhaps three I have This ter- the wool of the vicunas, which they trap- who in the future would reward or pun- where the great cathedral of Cuzco wind about to go up it. T rode upon the church described. long before the time of Columbus, and miles a vi.y. This tunnel has now been of wonderful walls into ped or shot in the mountains. They were ish them. They had a Lord’s prayer, notv Is. The street upon which It faces horseback a part of the way and then left race is made these some of its walls are in perfect condi- closed up. because the students of the * a nation of potters. They made beauti- which was somewhat as follows: is not more than 16 feet wide and the my horses and climbed up the walls of which were fitted sentinel boxes. tion today. Each section of the wall has Cuzco university recently got lost inside ful vessels of and the fort On the which is day they were also "O Conquering and Ever-present Crea- original w'alls of the palace are still upon foot. the lower slopes Walking through garden, its hole for drainage, and the whole it while hunting for treasures, and had a in the silver of the now filled with trees and skilled working of copper, tor, thou who gavest life and strength preserved to the height of the first hill, facing a great garden made eucalyptus structure is almost as smoothly cut as narrow escape with their lives*- and I have seen here some of in two beautiful roses. 1 came to the ruins of gold. the to mankind, saying let this be a man, story. From there to the second story terraces, perhaps 500 feet above the palaces. I measured some stones Another formation right near the Inca tools which used in their stood the of the itself, it was made of black which they erecting and let this be a woman: thou who the building is colonial. It now forms Cuzco, palace Manoo Capac. building were 15 feet tall, and riding on amusement ground is knowrn as the ro- at buildings. They had a way of tempering gavest life and who vouchsafes! that a fine lesldence, occupied by Thomas the first great Inca ruler. This was right granite, the blocks being very thick horseback close to the wall beside ohe dadero. This Consists of granite blocks an of and tin so under the fortifications the bottom and in size from alloy copper that the man shall live in health and peace. Thou Gonzales, one of the rich men of Cuzco. and it command- leseening great block 1 stood up In my stirrups and which look as though they had flowed tools made of it had an a » a the 1 went around to the edge like razor who dwellest In the heights. In the Th Inca walls begin with the street ed magnificent view of the city and there to top. tried to reach to its top. The distance in ridges down the mountains. The rooks and could work the hardest of stone. On the first terrace now stands side of the structure where some from hand storm clouds and in the thunder, hear a.nl extend for perhaps 300 feet, in- valley. opposite my to the ground was only are as smooth as glass, and their slopes Further on In this letter I will Thou the of a church which was erected in the of the stones had been torn away. Here half the describe us and have us in Thy keeping. cluding greater part the block. there way up. That stone. I venture, are in wa\ es much like those of a roller some of their wonderful walls, which still ends of stones are of dif- of the and outside 1 could see that the thick walls were weighed 100 tons. who art without equal unto the The granite blocks, days inquisition, it, coaster. They are grooved, and are so stand. are mere cut ferent and in what call the double. had two walls of They accurately the earth, grant us eternal life and keep sizes, beautifully chiseled, you might churchyard, They separate formed that one can seat himself at the than those of the great at with unions so fine that it is are some stone Instruments or tor- granite, which were filled In with stones From these buildings us free from danger.” joined great fortifications r rode over top in one of the grooves and have a to- Washington, and blocks tons are to in a knife blade be- ture, that were used to the In- and mud. I took a sheet of paper from the hills and in ,/ weighing impossible put bring plains the rear. They are boggan slide of hundreds of feet, rising j fitted together like a mosaic. T have seen of the I tween them. Some of the stones have dians and heretics to the Christian re- my note book and tried to fit It in be- covered with the remains Leaving the Temple Sun. of the Incas. and falling as he goes down to the bot- « stones that are solid as and one block of Some of thest stones were made tween the cracks, but found it impossi- Much of the blocks twice strolled up the narrow street to where the many angles great ligion. rock consists of migntv tom. It is the greatest shoot-the-chute high as a man horseback and 12 granite, about four feet square and in the shape of a keyhole, the round ble. Manco Capac’s palace and its bowlders, some as \ upon Virgins of the Sun had their establish- part big as a haystack, exhibition l have ever seen, and if it feet in thickness, and have examined several tons, has 12 angles of the hoi» being nearest the ground, grounds are now the property of Mr. which the Incas had ment. These young women In addition weighing cut into all sorts of could be lifted from the top of the Andes \ buildings that are put without to »n it. the remainder of the keyhole being in Caesar Lomelini, a Italian mer- One is together to their religious duties are supposed wealthy shapes. supposed to have been to Coney island it would make the cut surely mortar and fitted more evenly than were have formed a kind of harem for the In- 'ft is said that these blocks were the form of a capital T. The hole was chant of Cuzco. He has planted the gar- the scene of an open air' court, and is the tombs of the Egyptian kings found in the pyramids. r:i.:r k i

Rut it would take a large book to de- scribe the wonders of the Inca rule an£ the many phases of its civilization. In this letter I can show you only some of the remains as they exist here in the in the city of Cuzco This city today has only Development about 20,000 inhabitants. It runs up and Francm^Amazing down hill at the head of a beautiful val- Brown) mone yas possible while the tide is flow- (Copyright, 1J>14, by Curtis b^t *5000 oil Ills and a ley situated more than two miles above By R. FJKANKLYN protege syndicate ing their way. but thv record was the sea level in the heart of the Andes. AR1S, May 16.—^Special.)—Prepar- fighter’s formed which offered Wells *5000 for this wide is almost sure is at the games of first class players. Without sensational in the healm of boxing, large- erally recognized as being of champion- to suffer in the process. bis It head of the valley, and ations for the Olympic end of the purse, win, lose or draw. due to * de- An standing upon the hills it you can Berlin have drawn at- the best insurance against a dearth of ly the work of Georges Carpentier. ship calibre. His two subsequent instance of this occurred when. Car- held 1916 at Wells out for *10,000 and the nego- look over a vast expanse of cultivated the youthful heavyweight of feats of Bombardier Wells are too wel pentier was in for tention to the amazingly rapid public interest the standard of a sport champion England training his tiations fell through. It is fields and of Irrigated farms. The town mentioned steadily declines. Europe. Just how good Carpentier really known to need repetition in telling. matches with Syd Burns and Young Jo- here to is one of two and houses with drawn attention to the amazingly rapid show, riot only Carpentier's won- three-story is it is to walls impossible say, pending his Although Carpentier has not fared par- sephs. Bombardier Wells was then train- of bright colors and roofs of red growth of France in the world of sport, That is exactly what is the matter derful confidence In himself, but. as well, in the of the for his tiles. It has and a appearance ring with some ticularly well the American box- ing proposed fight with Jack John- plazas gardens, great one of the most interesting and sig- with boxing in England. Boxing lias against the enormous chances be and his man- American market and many comfortable homes. light heavyweights. Victory ers, been beaten the Dixey son, which, of course, never came off. nificant developments of modern times. become too much centralized. Real first having by ager are willing to take in their chase Its is of over a population made up Indians man like I^angford, who is just Kid, Frank there Carpentier, who, be it remembered, was a matter of class has become a sport, not Klaus and Billy Papke, after a fortune. and whites and a the Although only compara- boxing mixture, offspring about his weight, would him in the then a for a put is a certain amount of legitimate excuse only welterweight, boxed several of the two races. Tt is a Latin-Ameri- tively recent date, yet look at her list for an enthusiastic public, but Although has raised a whole very front rank of world’s boxers. can the for his poor in these matches. exhibition bouts with Wells at Earl’s France city, with many Catholic churches of champions in many linos of effort. few moneyed men who gather in the showing brood of clever fighters, there Is one other While one is free and with a that to express these During all the time he has been lighting Court atid became convinced that he could j civilization much like of In lawn tennis she possesses in Decu- National Sporting club and monopolize who. with stands In the doubts to Carpentler, front Spain some generations ago. It la noth- as| exact position of Carpen- has at a tre- beat the English champion, even j Gobert, Laurentz, Germot and Ca- the game. And because of the limita- Carpentier been growing though rank, on this side of' the Atlantic at ing like the Cuzco the gi». tier on of past, and you the pugil ia<$der, no one can mendous a constant the latter had about 40 the al- tions of this club the purses rate and it has been pounds advan- least. will have to put on me of net a quintet of players equal private Charles Leuoux, by defeating Dig- f thinking cap deny that he haw had an amazing career. class tage in five in can the world’s best problem to keep him in any one weight, height, your imagination to realize the difference most of any five players that could be that be offered to Inches^ ger Stanley, who had proved himself as From a mere he has between the stripling excelled In the Dixey Kid match it is claifnec about eight inches in seach and. more- capital of tfie Incas and the brought together in the United States, boxers In London are, comparatively good as the best at his in but it was American boys town of today. In the first the every weight division, not that the Frenchman was ill while li over. was training to fight the greatest place, the fact that you have been speaking, ridiculously small. Really weight, became a real with despite until he went to champion present Cuzco does not cover one-tenth England to fight Syd the other two matches un- boxer of the Jack at for good and native boxers Carpentier day, Johnson, heavy- as much to of this area *»f th** proficient the game generations. promising claim the world’s title as ancient Inca city. The Burns and Young Josephs and secured of name if born in the States doubtedly was weakened by injudicious weight champion the world. Wells latter contained several In Carpentier and Uedoux, to who, United any boy in the business. Hie two re- hundred thousand a decision over the first and a .knock- reducing. Of course the boy and hit w'as approached by Deschamps. Carpen- Inhabitants, and at the height of its only two of her champions, she pos- or Australia or France, could, even If out cent defeats In conclusive style of Bill against the latter tnat he was gen- backers are anxious to make as muct tier’s fame it may have been as manager, who declared he w'ould large as the sesses boxers who could probably hold they never reached the topmost rung, Benyon, the hard-hitting little Welsh city of Washington. boy,’ their own the world over, weight and earn comfortable livings by boxing are, r"-A shows that he is still too good for They are still finding ruins of the an- any- conditions being equal. In golf Massy in this country, compelled to work in one on this side. cient buildings fu** out in the valley, and other lines In the in order the remains of some of the structures in was good enough to win the English daytime to Cusco which eke out a upon buildings now stand open championship one year and Jean living. Especially Is this Coffin Too Wide for Door ore of enormous extent. From Take the Tempi* Oassiat and two or three others among true of the newer boxers who. although the New York World. the which I of Sun, visited this afternoon. a for * his fellow countrymen, are almost, if they may have champonship possibili- HWfitlngtiOn. lnd.-To get .coffin This covered the whole square now occu- the ties in have not a the body of Mrs William Kettlemyre in pied by the church and convent of Santo not quite. Massy’s equal. Boulln, them, yet made and In In which Domingo. The foundation of the church Frenchman, is undoubtedly the finest name. The evil in this state of affairs, out of-the house Roanoke is the old walls of to make a hole that temple. In places runner at his distance in the world. of course, is that the profession of box- Alie.died it was necessary It extends 20 or 30 feet from the ground. lit-the side the An auto truck I Finally, In Rugby football, the French ing does not attract intelligence nor of building. I was taken through the buildings b> made in the does it encourage even those with cour- was Used to transport the body to the one of the fathers and shown how the wonderful improvement great blocks had l>een laid by the Incas past few years and are now good age who do enter it. cemetery. Mrs.' was *5 .years old and one upon The other, fitted together sc enough to give a representative Eng- Contrast this with conditions in the Settlemyxe tosely. Hud that without mortar or ce- weighed- more thin 400 pounds. Until a ( lish side a keen fight. United States and France. In the for- ^nt. or union of any description, that 1 ■week before tier death, when she was French athletes excel for the mo- could not the of a mer country one can name a score of push point needle lnt< with she was ment In fields of endeavor be- stricken pneumonia, visiting the cracks. This temple must have cov many clever young boxers who have made her at Roanoke. ered more cause Mrs. Beeber, daughter, than an acre. The westerr they correspond to or are the re- from $20,000 to $50,000 each In a few coffin wall of it waa concave, and tho curvei sult of a national A special of regulation length, but great awakening and years In the boxing ring. Good as as Eng- to are regular those of a circle. / interest In these 46 Inches wide, outside', had be made. particular sports or lishmen like Driscoll. Freddie Welsh, great part of this building was Settlcmyre was well known platec games, Contrast conditions here with Mrs. In There was a Owen Matt Wells ar.d others are with gold. great golder Moran, because of Her those In Great Huntington county, great plate of oval fqrm which represented th* Britain, The latter lags driven abroad in search of big purses. and bur unusual sun. making one think of the silver behind for the time weight good health. She mtr being because there France's crack tennis Unfortunately went through all Ordinary doors rors of the Hhlnto religion that are stll Is a lack of a similar national sideways, interest players have been out of form for the to be seen In In 1 and never seemed to be Japan. the tempi* and In offended when enthusiasm. sports like rowing, past burnt ala** the sacred flame that wai year. Loot summer they had a curious persons watched her movements. 1 c ricket and football the Englishman is supposed never t** go out, reminding on* | disagreement with the English players of the fire of who d* as good if not better than he has ever worshipers Persia, and did not make their appearance at Her Kind Offer L that to this day. Tills flame waa Undue but in and been; boxing lawn tumils Wimbledom for the championships. •From Utppihcott’s Magazine. by the virgins of the sun, who had theii ,| and whut are known hb held sports he Their James K. Hackett, the actor, tells the I vast convent not best year was undoubtedly 1911, fur away When tlji 1 has been suffering from a slump her story of a merchant who had heen trav- Spaniards conquered the Incas, the) "hen Gobert and Decugis carried off ] cause of a decline ellng some months hla lobbed this temple of Its gold. The) corresponding In the doubles trophy at Wimbledon and and upon return I melted up the and vessels usee public interest, Champions are born nt was Informed of the death of a Images the ltt.year-old Laurents defeated the valued | for worship, and tore from the wall* ; great public like friend. I enthusiasms, the great Wilding on the continent. the gold plates. From some of thos* American national interest in field A few days later he called on the be- ft plates was made, the custodla, a grea The latter last year suffered from an sports and the French interest in box-: reaved widow to offer his expressions of ft golden box which is now preserved In th* accident to one of itia ayes and went sympathy. D..r(ng the visit he remarked vault of the Cuzco cathedral. ing, and despite all the hard things that 1 right off form, but it Is hoped that he "I was a goad friend of your late 1 have been said against those who skirt will strike his band. Is there not something of li There Is no doubt about (he religion* pace this summer and the side lines of the football and cricket BOUIN Which I could have as I nature of these people of the high Andes ugain show the brilliancy that made fields and yet never play the games, The French middle diataaee The Qulchas, who are the descendant* such a sensation three years ago. great of the they are the best guarantee of thq runner, one of the subjects of the Incas, arc the But rapid as is France's undoubtedly great- chief health of these development est of of churchgoers of Paru. They art particular games and in the lawn living followers the cinder tennftp world. It is even more track.

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