Knossos and It's Fall
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This Pdf Is a Digital Offprint of Your Contribution in E. Alram-Stern, F
This pdf is a digital offprint of your contribution in E. Alram-Stern, F. Blakolmer, S. Deger-Jalkotzy, R. Laffineur & J. Weilhartner (eds), Metaphysis. Ritual, Myth and Symbolism in the Aegean Bronze Age (Aegaeum 39), ISBN 978-90-429-3366-8. The copyright on this publication belongs to Peeters Publishers. As author you are licensed to make printed copies of the pdf or to send the unaltered pdf file to up to 50 relations. You may not publish this pdf on the World Wide Web – including websites such as academia.edu and open-access repositories – until three years after publication. Please ensure that anyone receiving an offprint from you observes these rules as well. If you wish to publish your article immediately on open- access sites, please contact the publisher with regard to the payment of the article processing fee. For queries about offprints, copyright and republication of your article, please contact the publisher via [email protected] AEGAEUM 39 Annales liégeoises et PASPiennes d’archéologie égéenne METAPHYSIS RITUAL, MYTH AND SYMBOLISM IN THE AEGEAN BRONZE AGE Proceedings of the 15th International Aegean Conference, Vienna, Institute for Oriental and European Archaeology, Aegean and Anatolia Department, Austrian Academy of Sciences and Institute of Classical Archaeology, University of Vienna, 22-25 April 2014 Edited by Eva ALRAM-STERN, Fritz BLAKOLMER, Sigrid DEGER-JALKOTZY, Robert LAFFINEUR and Jörg WEILHARTNER PEETERS LEUVEN - LIEGE 2016 98738_Aegaeum 39 vwk.indd 1 25/03/16 08:06 CONTENTS Obituaries ix Preface xiii Abbreviations xv KEYNOTE LECTURE Nanno MARINATOS Myth, Ritual, Symbolism and the Solar Goddess in Thera 3 A. -
Bonelli's Eagle and Bull Jumpers: Nature and Culture of Crete
Crete April 2016 Bonelli’s Eagle and Bull Jumpers: Nature and Culture of Crete April 9 - 19, 2016 With Elissa Landre Photo of Chukar by Elissa Landre With a temperate climate, Crete is more pristine than the mainland Greece and has a culture all its own. Crete was once the center of the Minoan civilization (c. 2700–1420 BC), regarded as the earliest recorded civilization in Europe. In addition to birding, we will explore several famous archeological sites, including Knossos and ancient Phaistos, the most important centers of Minoan times. Crete’s landscape is very special: defined by high mountain ranges, deep valleys, fertile plateaus, and caves (including the mythological birthplace of the ancient Greek god, Zeus) Rivers have cut deep, exceptionally beautiful gorges that create a rich presence of geological wealth and have been explored for their aromatic and medicinal plants since Minoan times. Populations of choughs, Griffon Vultures, Lammergeiers, and swifts nest on the steep cliffs. A fantastic variety of birds and plants are found on Crete: not only its resident bird species, which are numerous and include rare and endangered birds, but also the migrants who stop over on Crete during their journeys to and from Africa and Europe. The isolation of Crete from mainland Europe, Asia, and Africa is reflected in the diversity of habitats, flora, and avifauna. The richness of the surroundings results in an impressive bird species list and often unexpected surprises. For example, last year a Blue- cheeked Bee-eater, usually only seen in northern Africa and the Middle East, was spotted. Join us for this unusual and very special trip. -
Greece • Crete • Turkey May 28 - June 22, 2021
GREECE • CRETE • TURKEY MAY 28 - JUNE 22, 2021 Tour Hosts: Dr. Scott Moore Dr. Jason Whitlark organized by GREECE - CRETE - TURKEY / May 28 - June 22, 2021 May 31 Mon ATHENS - CORINTH CANAL - CORINTH – ACROCORINTH - NAFPLION At 8:30a.m. depart from Athens and drive along the coastal highway of Saronic Gulf. Arrive at the Corinth Canal for a brief stop and then continue on to the Acropolis of Corinth. Acro-corinth is the citadel of Corinth. It is situated to the southwest of the ancient city and rises to an elevation of 1883 ft. [574 m.]. Today it is surrounded by walls that are about 1.85 mi. [3 km.] long. The foundations of the fortifications are ancient—going back to the Hellenistic Period. The current walls were built and rebuilt by the Byzantines, Franks, Venetians, and Ottoman Turks. Climb up and visit the fortress. Then proceed to the Ancient city of Corinth. It was to this megalopolis where the apostle Paul came and worked, established a thriving church, subsequently sending two of his epistles now part of the New Testament. Here, we see all of the sites associated with his ministry: the Agora, the Temple of Apollo, the Roman Odeon, the Bema and Gallio’s Seat. The small local archaeological museum here is an absolute must! In Romans 16:23 Paul mentions his friend Erastus and • • we will see an inscription to him at the site. In the afternoon we will drive to GREECE CRETE TURKEY Nafplion for check-in at hotel followed by dinner and overnight. (B,D) MAY 28 - JUNE 22, 2021 June 1 Tue EPIDAURAUS - MYCENAE - NAFPLION Morning visit to Mycenae where we see the remains of the prehistoric citadel Parthenon, fortified with the Cyclopean Walls, the Lionesses’ Gate, the remains of the Athens Mycenaean Palace and the Tomb of King Agamemnon in which we will actually enter. -
Exploring Eastern Crete
Exploring eastern Crete Plan Days 4 First time in Crete, I guess I should start from the eastern part. A bit of hiking, Chrissi island and Zakro! By: Bonnie_EN PLAN SUMMARY Day 1 1. Ierapetra About region/Main cities & villages 2. Chrissi Islet Nature/Beaches 3. Belegrina Nature/Beaches Day 2 1. Orino Gorge Nature/Gorges 2. Ammoudi Nature/Beaches 3. Makrigialos Nature/Beaches Day 3 1. Zakros Minoan Palace Culture/Archaelogical sites 2. Kato Zakros Nature/Beaches 3. Dead’s Gorge Nature/Gorges Day 4 1. Vai Nature/Beaches 2. Agios Nikolaos About region/Main cities & villages WonderGreece.gr - Bon Voyage 1 Day 1 1. Ierapetra Απόσταση: Start - About region / Main cities & villages Χρόνος: - GPS: N35.0118955, W25.740745199999992 Note: Breakfast and buy supplies for the excursion to Chrissi 2. Chrissi Islet Απόσταση: not available - Nature / Beaches Χρόνος: - GPS: N34.874162, W25.69242399999996 Note: It looks more than great, don't forget my camera 3. Belegrina Απόσταση: not available - Nature / Beaches Χρόνος: - GPS: N34.876695270466335, W25.723740148779257 WonderGreece.gr - Bon Voyage 2 Day 2 1. Orino Gorge Απόσταση: Start - Nature / Gorges Χρόνος: - GPS: N35.06482450148083, W25.919971336554 Note: food for picnic 2. Ammoudi Απόσταση: by car 17.9km Nature / Beaches Χρόνος: 25′ GPS: N35.02149753640775, W26.01497129345705 Note: I would definitely wish to reach this beach 3. Makrigialos Απόσταση: by car 4.9km Nature / Beaches Χρόνος: 05′ GPS: N35.03926672571038, W25.976804824914552 Note: alternative if there is not enough time to go to Ammoudi WonderGreece.gr - Bon Voyage 3 Day 3 1. Zakros Minoan Palace Location: Zakros Culture / Archaelogical sites Contact: Tel: (+30) 28410 22462, 24943, 22382 Απόσταση: Note: How could I not go Start - Χρόνος: - GPS: N35.098203523045854, W26.261405940008558 2. -
Although Crete Seems to Have Been First Inhabited in the Palaeolithic (Strasser Et Al
Although Crete seems to have been first inhabited in the Palaeolithic (Strasser et al. 2010), another colonization of the island occurred at the end of the Neolithic (Broodbank and Strasser 1991). From then, the internal chronology of Crete follows two systems, a ceramic development (Early, Middle, and Late Minoan with internal subdivisions) and a system based on architectural phases: Prepalatial (EM–MM IA, c.3000–1900 ), Protopalatial (MM IB–II, 1900–1750), Neopalatial (MM III–LM IB, 1750–1490), Final Palatial (LM II–IIIA:2/B1, 1490–1300), and Post Palatial (LM IIIB–C, 1300–1100). The last two periods comprise Mycenaean Crete. The Cretan “Hieroglyphic” and Linear A scripts were developed in the Protopalatial period (Godart and Olivier 1996; Younger 2005); Linear A survives into the Neopalatial period (Godart and Olivier 1976–1985; Younger 2000); and Linear B writes Greek in the Final Palatial period (Killen and Olivier 1989). There are three main ways of identifying females in Aegean art: costume, hairstyle (following age grades), and skin color in fresco. Females are always clothed (males may be nude) and women are often depicted in elaborate “court” dress (see below), textiles made of wool that were also exported to Egypt and the Near East. The fairly consistent Egyptian color conven- Blakolmer 2004, 2012) was also followed in Minoan fresco (Hood 1985). people before the Malia Workshop (MM II). There are few representations of women on pot- tery but females are prominent in the frescoes. Texts give us limited information. In Linear B women were denoted by the logogram *102 MUL . -
Chapter 6: the Rise of Ancient Greece
Chapter 6: The Rise of Ancient Greece The Parthenon in Athens Section 1: The Rise of Greek Civilization Temple of Didyma Where is Greece? Greece’s Geographic Setting Greece is made up of peninsulas Peninsula: an area of land surrounded by water on three sides Greece made up of mountains Greek communities split up, had their own land, customs, and beliefs on how to live Communities fought one another despite sharing a heritage (they had the same ancestors), language, and religion Discovery Streaming: Geography of Greece Based on Greece’s geography?, why was it difficult for Greek communities to be united? Greek Beginnings – Minoan Civilization Minoans lived on island of Crete from 3000 BC – 1100 BC Traded with mainland Greece as well as islands Knossos – main city, origin of grand architecture and art 1400s BC – Knossos destroyed (likely by Mycenaeans), Minoans began decline Earned power through trade Discovery Streaming: Crete The Mycenaeans Mainland Greece – home of Mycenaean culture Height of power around 1400 BC Earned power through conquest Discovery Streaming Video: Mycenae Connections to Current Events What advantages does a country have if they trade with other countries? The US is involved in a lot of international trade. What is one country that you think trades a lot with America? (Hint: think of tags on products that say “made in ________”) The Trojan War Mythical war between Greece and city of Troy (in Turkey) There WERE actual conflicts between Greece and Troy, but the details of the war were exaggerated Homer’s epic poems, The Iliad and The Odyssey tell the story of the Trojan war According to legend, Greeks offered the Trojans a giant wooden horse as a peace offering Greek warriors hid inside the horse and climbed out once the horse was wheeled into Troy, destroyed Troy In reality, Troy was destroyed by fire in 1200s BC, perhaps by Greek invaders . -
History Bible Literature G 4-Day Sample.Pdf
HISTORY / BIBLE / LITERATURE INSTRUCTOR’S GUIDE WORLD HISTORY Year 1 of 2 The Colosseum G Rome, Italy FUN FACT Hatshepsut was the f rst female pharaoh. 4-DAY G Ages 12–14 Grades 7–9 History Bible Literature (4-Day) World History, Year 1 of 2 By the Sonlight Team Train up a child in the way he should go, And when he is old he will not depart from it Proverbs 22:6 (NKJV) INSTRUCTOR’S GUIDE Thank you for downloading this sample of Sonlight’s History / Bible / Literature G Instructor’s Guide (what we affectionately refer to as an IG). In order to give you a full perspective on our Instructor’s Guides, this sample will include parts from every section that is included in the full IG. Here’s a quick overview of what you’ll find in this sample. Ҍ A Quick Start Guide Ҍ A 3-week Schedule Ҍ Discussion questions, notes and additional features to enhance your school year Ҍ A Scope and Sequence of topics and and skills your children will be developing throughout the school year Ҍ A schedule for Timeline Figures Ҍ Samples of the full-color laminated maps included in History / Bible / Literature IGs to help your children locate key places mentioned in your history, Reader and Read-Aloud books SONLIGHT’S “SECRET” COMES DOWN TO THIS: We believe most children respond more positively to great literature than they do to textbooks. To properly use this sample to teach your student, you will need the books that are scheduled in it. -
Human Skeletal Remains from Kato Zakro Marshall Joseph Becker West Chester University of Pennsylvania, [email protected]
West Chester University Digital Commons @ West Chester University Anthropology & Sociology College of Arts & Sciences 7-1975 Human Skeletal Remains from Kato Zakro Marshall Joseph Becker West Chester University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.wcupa.edu/anthrosoc_facpub Part of the Archaeological Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation Becker, M. J. (1975). Human Skeletal Remains from Kato Zakro. American Journal of Archaeology, 79(3), 271-276. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.2307/503482 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Arts & Sciences at Digital Commons @ West Chester University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Anthropology & Sociology by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ West Chester University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Human Skeletal Remains from Kato Zakro* M.J. BECKER PLATE 47 Kato Zakro,a well known Minoan site on the is now under intensivecultivation. Although buri- easternshore of the island of Crete,has been the als have been recoveredfrom the gorge and the subjectof archaeologicalstudies since the very be- PezoulesKephala area, no Late Minoan burials- ginning of this century.Prof. N. Platon (Univer- sity of Thessaloniki)invited the authorto join the excavationteam during the 1973 field season to examine human skeletal remains recoveredfrom the nearbyPezoules Kephala tomb enclosures,and to assistin drawingtwo majorsections of the site. Hogarth'sexcavations in the centralpart of Za- A o kro in 1901produced no human skeletalremains. However, human remains were recoveredfrom caves located within the gorge.' R.B. Seager ob- taineda permit"to go to Zakroto try for the ceme- *' Gorge tery" (letter to G. -
Nature Park of Sitia Is on the Easternmost Edge of Crete, in the Municipality of Sitia
This publication was designed by the Natural History Museum of Crete for the Municipal- ity of Sitia, due to the implementation of the action 2.3.1 “Development of an Ecotouristic guide” of the project “Geotourism and local development (GEOTOPIA)”, funded 80% by the European Union and by 20% by national funds from Greece and Cyprus, through the Greece-Cyprus 2007 - 2013 cross-border cooperation programme. “GEOTOPIA” refers to the collaboration of two mountainous and insular areas, the Munici- pality of Sitia in Crete and the mountain Troodos in Cyprus, which are characterized by their wealthy natural, geological and cultural environment, by underdevelopment and depopu- lation of the hinterland, and by the depreciation of their landscape, aiming to promote their natural and cultural environment, to develop geotouristic activities and finally, establish a geopark. Museum Scientific Coordinator: Dr Charalampos Fassoulas Authors: Fassoulas C. – Dr geologist, Staridas S. – Msc geologist, Perakis N. – environmentalist, Mavroudi N. – archaeologist, Trichas A. – Dr biologist, Avramakis M. – botanist, Perakis V. – botanist, Mavrokosta C. – speleologist. Map design: Staridas S. Graphics design: Harkoutsis G. Text compilation: Dr Fassoulas C. Text correction: Mavroudi N. Translation in English: Interpretation and Translation Center. Jeni Kantarti Loutsa & collaborators, Thessaloniki Copyright: Natural History Museum of Crete / University of Crete, Sitia Nature Park Copyright of pictures and illustrations: Natural History Museum of Crete / Uni. of -
Beekeeping in Prehistoric Greece
18 BEEKEEPING IN PREHISTORIC GREECE BEEKEEPING IN PREHISTORIC GREECE Haralampos V. Harissis Associate Professor of Surgery, University of Ioannina, Greece [email protected] Traces of beeswax on prehistoric potsherds have re- Beehives vealed that the harvesting of bee products by man has been practiced in Greece since the Middle Neolithic period1 Before the wide distribution of the modern bee- (c. 5500 BCE). However, it is difficult to ascertain whether hive (discovered in 1866 but not propagated in Greece beeswax was the product of wild or domesticated bees. until 1930), in no place did there exist only one type The harvesting of wild honeycombs has existed since the of beehive5. A great variety of forms and materials time of hunter-gatherer groups: rock paintings from Spain, were in use, at least up until the 1960s. The existence dating to the Mesolithic period, around 6000 BCE, depict of numerous types of beehives can be explained by such scenes2. the diversity of the environmental conditions, the availability of raw materials and different beekeeping It is known, mainly from pictorial evidence, that sys- practices. The same was true in antiquity; Varro, Virgil, tematic apiculture (with beehives) was practiced in Egypt Columella, Pliny and Palladius mention the different from at least c. 2400 BCE3, and the forms of these ancient materials used for beehives: biodegradable mate- beekeeping paraphernalia have remained unchanged un- rials such as bark, Ferula plant stems, woven wicker, til modern times. Iconography, textual evidence and organ- hollowed logs, boards of wood, cow dung, sun-dried ic residue analysis leave no doubt that honey and its deriv- mud and other non-biodegradable materials, such atives were used in Bronze Age Greece, the countryside of as clay, brick or stone6. -
Core G—Map 1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 A GREENLAND Scandinavia ICELAND CANADA Newfoundland (Vineland) IRELAND ASIA B St. John’s Calais MONGOLIA NORTH Gulf of St. Lawrence AMERICA Fertile Crescent Silk Road KOREA JAPAN Kyoto C MEXICO Islamic Empire Sahara Desert West Indies INDIA CHAD BARBADOS Koumbi SalehAFRICA Mariana Islands G— Core Mesoamerica Caribbean Sea Indian Ocean PHILIPPINES D Central Atlantic Ocean Pacic Ocean ©2014 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. All rights reserved. All Ltd. Sonlight Curriculum, ©2014 by America Guiana Bismarck Archipelago INDONESIA New PERU SOUTH Map 1 E Guinea AMERICA Easter Island Andes Mountains Great Zimbabwe ZIMBABWE AUSTRALIA F Cape of Good Hope Map Legend NEW ZEALAND G Cities Straits of Magellan States/Provinces Antipodes Islands COUNTRIES Cape Horn Regions H CONTINENTS Bodies of Water Deserts Mountain Mountain Range I Points of Interest 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 A SWEDEN NORWAY Baltic rights reserved. All Ltd. Sonlight Curriculum, ©2014 by B SCOTLAND Sea IRELAND Virconium BRITAIN Antwerp Agincourt UKRAINE AUSTRIA C FRANCE Danube River Poitou Savoy Venice Ravenna Balkans Black Sea PORTUGAL SPAIN Great Wall of China NORTH KOREA GREECE TURKEY Beijing Kaesong Yellow River Panmunjom G— Core CHINA Seoul Rock of Gibraltar Akkad D Tangier Kum River RUSSIA Xianyang MOROCCO Salt Sea Samaria PERSIA IRAN Nanjing Nile Delta ARABIA Tibet Ch’ang-an Kangjin Persepolis Judea Indus Valley Delhi Lower Egypt Ganges River Yangtze River Mohenjo-Daro Agra Map 2 Assyrian Empire Abydos Persian E Nile River Gulf Taghaza EGYPT Taiwan Mecca -
WORLD HISTORY Year 1 of 2
HISTORY / BIBLE / LITERATURE INSTRUCTOR’S GUIDE WORLD HISTORY Year 1 of 2 The Colosseum G Rome, Italy FUN FACT Hatshepsut was the first female pharaoh. Thank you for downloading this sample of Sonlight’s History / Bible / Literature G Instructor’s Guide (what we affectionately refer to as an IG). In order to give you a full perspective on our Instructor’s Guides, this sample will include parts from every section that is included in the full IG. Here’s a quick overview of what you’ll find in this sample. Ҍ A Quick Start Guide Ҍ A 3-week Schedule Ҍ Discussion questions, notes and additional features to enhance your school year Ҍ A Scope and Sequence of topics and and skills your children will be developing throughout the school year Ҍ A schedule for Timeline Figures Ҍ Samples of the full-color laminated maps included in History / Bible / Literature IGs to help your children locate key places mentioned in your history, Reader and Read-Aloud books SONLIGHT’S “SECRET” COMES DOWN TO THIS: We believe most children respond more positively to great literature than they do to textbooks. To properly use this sample to teach your student, you will need the books that are scheduled in it. We include all the books you will need when you purchase a package from sonlight.com. Curriculum experts develop each IG to ensure that you have everything you need for your homeschool day. Every IG offers a customizable homeschool schedule, complete lesson plans, pertinent activities, and thoughtful questions to aid your students’ comprehension.