Édouard VUILLARD

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Édouard VUILLARD Édouard VUILLARD Les premiers pas (7e panneau des Jardins publics), 1894 Édouard VUILLARD - Les premiers pas (7e panneau des Jardins publics), 1894 Description universelle de Luc Bellier, expert à Paris et membre de la CNE en date du 08/06/2021 Édouard VUILLARD - Les premiers pas (7e panneau des Jardins publics), 1894 Description universelle de Luc Bellier, expert à Paris et membre de la CNE en date du 08/06/2021 Édouard VUILLARD Nationalité : Française Date et lieu de naissance : 11 novembre 1868, Cuiseaux Date et lieu de décès : 21 juin 1940, La Baule-Escoublac Titre de l’oeuvre : Les premiers pas (7e panneau des Jardins publics) Date : 1894 Technique : Peinture à la colle sur toile Dimensions : 274 x 67 cm (84,2 x 26,3 inch.) Provenance : Commandés par Alexandre Natanson en septembre 1893, installés 60 avenue du Bois de Boulogne (aujourd’hui avenue Foch) en octobre ou novembre 1894, (Vuillard a semble-t-il demandé 800 francs à Natanson pour la réalisation des Jardins Publics); fn 1894, pour présenter les Jardins Publics Na- tanson organise une grande soirée restée célèbre où Lautrec offciera en maître de cérémonie; 1908- 1909, déménagement des Natanson pour le 104 avenue des Champs Elysées, les panneaux y seront présentés dans une grande galerie ouvrant sur les salons de réception (à compter de cette date ils ne seront plus disposés tels que Vuillard l’avait conçu); 1914 déménagement des Natanson pour le 178, rue de Courcelles; 16 mai 1929, vente* de la collection Alexandre Natanson, Hôtel Drouot, M° Lair-Dubreuil : lot n° 119, adjugé 30 100 francs à M. Kleinmann pour le compte de Gaston Hem- mendinger qui a également acheté des dessins de Lautrec et Roussel; M. Hemmendinger a noté sur son bordereau d’adjudication le règlement d’une commission de 1500 francs à M. Kleimnann; 1940-1945, spolié par les nazis (référencé en 1947 dans le «Répertoire des biens spoliés en France durant la guerre 1939-1945», tome II, sous le n° 3093); 1948-1955 récupéré par M. Hemmendinger; 1958 collection privée, Suisse. Daniel Wildenstein, Paris, 1999. Confé à Galerie Bellier, Paris, 1999. Wildenstein Gallery, New York, début 2000. Vendu par Wildenstein et l’intermédiare de Luc Bellier à Spencer et Marlene Hays, Nashville, fn 2000. Donation au Musée d’Orsay, 2016 * séparés défnitivement à l’occasion de cette vente, Les Jardins Publics n’auront donc jamais été présentés au public dans leur intégralité. En dépit du constat unanime sur la dispersion des Jardins Publics et que John Russel rappelait en 1971, «It was a misfortune for Vuillard and for French art when these decorations, The Public Gardens, were sold off in 1929..», Vuillard avait pris soin de concevoir ses panneaux de manière à ce que chacun puisse exister de manière autonome. Historique : Les Jardins Publics furent achevés et installés un peu plus d’un an après dans l’hôtel particulier d’Alexandre Natanson, le directeur fondateur du grand foyer littéraire et artistique qu’était La Revue Blanche dans les années 1890. Conçue pour dérouler ses neuf panneaux sur les quatre murs d’une même pièce, telle une histoire qui se répète indéfniment, cette vaste composition de plein air s’apparente plus aux intimités de l’artiste qu’à l’art des impressionnistes (1). On a, à cet égard, tenté d’identifer tel jardin ou tel parc de Paris qui en aurait été le motif, mais à l’évidence «il s’agit de reconstructions synthétiques, (.) où les perspectives aimées (..) d’un Paris recréé se superposent» (2). Le sable blond parsemé de tâches d’ombre lavande, le ciel, vaste et calme, où vient s’intercaller l’espace presque clos d’un «sous-bois symboliste «(3), le contraste de diablotins gambadeurs et de femmes contrites dans leurs étoffes semblent être l’illustration picturale du principe mallarméen de suggestion et d’infnie nuance. L’alternance de pleins et de vides, de lumière et d’ombre, la succes- Édouard VUILLARD - Les premiers pas (7e panneau des Jardins publics), 1894 Description universelle de Luc Bellier, expert à Paris et membre de la CNE en date du 08/06/2021 sion, d’un panneau à l’autre, des lignes, des masses de verts touffus, le prolongement des perspec- tives font de cet ensemble un cycle perpétuel de la vie, une ode vibrante à ses deux évocations les plus manifestes et les plus fragiles, le printemps et l’enfance. Outre sa virtuosité (une «touche défnitive» qu’admirera Matisse, une matité qui enveloppe lumière et matière dans un voile épidermique) et son art d’imprégner la peinture d’un climat sensoriel, Vuillard a le don, magnifé ici, de représenter l’enfance en restituant le mystère, le désordre un peu fantastique de la perception disproportionnée que les enfants nous paraissent avoir du monde, de son ambiguïté menaçante et féerique. Dans Les premiers pas, dos tourné à un chemin qui serpente vers l’inconnu où, à mi-chemin, des femmes indéchiffrables dans leur âge lointain participent aux rites d’un autre monde, le petit lutin expose sa mobilité incertaine à une soeur aînée qu’il boit du regard. Bibliographie : Repères bibliographiques* surLes Jardins Publics Achille SEGARD, Paris,1914; cat. Musée des arts décoratifs, Louvre, Paris, 1938; Claude RO- GER-MARX, Paris, 1945; Jacques SALOMON, Paris, 1945; André CHASTEL, Paris, 1946; Claude ROGER-MARX, Paris, 1948; Andrew Carnduff RITCHIE, New York, cat. MoMA 1954, ; Robert Gold- water, Houston, 1954; C. SCHWEICHER, 1955; cat. Grand Palais, Paris,1955; Jacques SALOMON, Paris, 1961; Roselyne BACOU, Paris, 1964; cat. Kunstverein, Hambourg, 1964; James DUGDALE, Londres, 1965; Franco RUSSOLI, Milan1966; James DUGDALE, Londres, 1967; cat. Haus der Kunst, Orangerie des Tuileries, Munich-Paris 1968; John RUSSEL, cat Toronto, San Francisco, Chicago, 1971-1972; Ursula PERRUCCI-PETRI, Münich, 1976; Claire Frèches, Paris, 1979; Guy Cogeval, Paris, 1986; Michel MAKARIUS, Paris, 1989; Ann DUMAS, Guy COGEVAL, Paris 1990; Antoine TERASSE, Claire FRECHES, Paris, 1990; Stuart PRESTON, Londres, 1990; Georges BERNIER, Paris, 1991; Wil- liam Robinson, Cleveland, 1992; Guy COGEVAL, Paris, 1993; Gloria GROOM, New Haven, 1993; Ursula PERRUCCI-PETRI, cat. Zilrich-Paris,1993 * Jusqu’à la fn des années soixante, il y a eu souvent une confusion de titre entre le panneau Les Nourrices et Les Premiers pas - NOTE : «Je connais peu d’oeuvres où la conversation avec l’auteur soit plus directe. Il parle à voix basse, comme il sied pour la confdence__ On se penche pour l’écouter... Trop délicat pour affrmer, il insinue. Nulle recherche d’éclat, un besoin constant d’harmonie. Chaque couleur explique inopinément sa voisine, obtient d’elle, et réciproquement, un aveu.» André Gide, à propos de Vuillard lors d’une visite au Salon d’Automne de 1905. Durant l’été 1894, Vuillard a consigné son intérêt pour Watteau, Le Sueur, le cycle des tapisseries de La dame à la licorne (4), Tiepolo...; on a reconnu maintes sources d’inspiration (5) dans les Jar- dins Publics et notamment l’admiration pour Puvis et des réminicences des Femmes au Jardin de Monet, mais c’est l’évidence d’une oeuvre entièrement nouvelle et indépendante qui s’impose encore aujourd’hui à l’esprit. De fait, les Jardins Publics sont ils très tôt apparus comme «l’un des sommets de la peinture post-im- pressionniste «(6) et l’originalité pourtant peu ostentatoire de Vuillard, la maestria avec laquelle il a redonné vie à l’art mural ont été soulignées tout au long du siècle. Édouard VUILLARD - Les premiers pas (7e panneau des Jardins publics), 1894 Description universelle de Luc Bellier, expert à Paris et membre de la CNE en date du 08/06/2021 Claude Roger-Marx (7) n’a vu qu’une oeuvre qui, depuis la fn du XVIII° siècle, ait aussi pleinement répondu aux exigences de la grande composition décorative : Un dimanche après midi à La grande Jatte. Comme le chef d’oeuvre de Seurat, Les Jardins Publics ont atteint des sommets en ce qu’ils lient la plénitude de l’art pictural à une pensée philosophique. - 1 : « On a souvent remarqué avec justesse que Vuillard fait ici la synthèse de la sensation de plein air de l’impressionnisme de Monet avec les compositions imposantes et longuement méditées du grand style décoratif de Puvis de Chavannes... « Stuart Preston, Vuillard « ... Les Femmes au Jardin de Monet ont sans doute guidé les recherches de Vuillard sur ce thème. Ici, pourtant, en dépit de l’animation (..) tout sentiment fugitif a disparu et la scène se fge, hors du temps. Les couleurs crayeuses et la matière proche de la fresque semblent vider ces tableaux de leur immédiateté et les imprégner d’un sens de l’ailleurs et de l’éternel. Ann Dumas, Guy Cogeval, Vuillard - 2 : Claude Roger Marx, Vuillard et son Temps - 3 : «Sujets humbles de ces décorations de Cluny Exposition d’un sentiment intime sur une plus grande surface. Voilà tout. Voila des tapisseries aussi importantes et savantes qu’un Véronèse. Pourquoi sont-ils inconnus» Vuillard, Journal, été 1894 - 4 : Guy Cogeval, Vuillard, le Temps détourné - 5 : « ... ici une évocation synthétique, qui doit sans doute quelque chose à l’art japonais ( ) et aux fresques du Cabinet de la Garde Robe ( ) au Palais des Papes d’Avignon...» catalogue de l’exposi- tion du Grand Palais, 1955 - 6 : Guy Cogeval, op - 7 : «.. Ces thèmes passent (..) dans le plan du rêve et de la féerie et (..) prennent parfois même une sorte d’hiératisme qu’on pourrait rapprocher, malgré les différences foncières de tempéraments, de l’hiératisme du Seurat de La Grande Jatte... compositions si méditées, si unes, qu’on ne saurait, comme dans un parfait poème, rien ajouter ni en retrancher. ... il existe ici un merveilleux équilibre entre des dons qu’on trouve peu souvent réunis, entre le parti inventé et l’observation, entre le vrai et l’arbitraire, entre l’intuition et le raisonnement, entre le fugitif et l’éternel.
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