DOCSLIB.ORG

To Download Our Guide to the New Italian Government

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
To Download Our Guide to the New Italian Government THE NEW ITALIAN GOVERNMENT Following an unexpected political crisis over the Summer, Italy officially has a new government led, once again, by Professor Giuseppe Conte. The Prime Minister has Riccardo Fraccaro Undersecretary to unveiled the list of Ministers in his new Giuseppe Conte Prime Minister the Prime Minister’s Cabinet, backed by the 5 Star Movement office (5SM), the Democratic Party and “Liberi e Uguali,” a movement funded by former Stefano Patuanelli Minister of Luigi Di Maio leftist Democrats. After being formally Alfonso Bonafede Minister of Foreign Minister of Justice Economic sworn in, the new government will face a Affairs Development confidence vote in the parliament. The government’s agenda has shifted to the Sergio Costa Lorenzo Fioramonti left, with a strong focus on social Nunzia Catalfo Minister of Minister of Minister of Labour inequalities, education and green Environment Education economy, but it also includes some of 5SM’s longstanding proposals, including Paola Pisano Federico D’Incà institutional reforms (decreasing the Fabiana Dadone Vincenzo Spadafora Minister for Minister for Minister for Public Minister for Youth number of parliamentarians) and the Technological Relations with Administration policies and Sport digitalization of the Public Administration. Innovation the Parliament The migration dossier will probably stay relevant in the political agenda, being the flagship of the former Minister of Interior and League leader, Matteo Salvini, who is the main opponent to the Government. Roberto Gualtieri Paola De Micheli Minister of Economy Minister of Lorenzo Guerini and Finance Infrastructure and Minister of Defence Transports Teresa Bellanova Dario Franceschini Minister of Minister of Culture Agriculture THINGS Francesco Boccia Elena Bonetti Enzo Amendola Minister for Minister for Family Minister for Giuseppe Provenzano Minister for the South 3 Regional Affairs and Equality European Affairs TO KNOW 5-Stars Movement The EU relief Democratic Party 1 Roberto Speranza Luciana Lamorgese Liberi e Uguali The new Italian government was Minister of Health Minister of Interior born with the praise of international Technical partners and the European Union, as it is expected to bring Italy back to the pro-EU side and keep, at least for now, Matteo Salvini and his HIGHLIGHTS OF THE NEW GOVERNMENT’S AGENDA euro-sceptic aides far from the country’s driving seat. Labor Healthcare Cut labor taxes; introduce a minimum Value the public healthcare system; wage and fair compensation for recruit doctors and nurses; strengthen First goal, the budget law self-employed workers; approve a law on healthcare services and training 2 trade union representation. programs. First and foremost, the new government will face the challenge Environment Migration of drafting a yearly budget aiming to Realize a Green New Deal towards Reform the Dublin Regulation and the avoid a tax hike while including increased protection of the environment most recent security decrees to reach a measures for businesses and and biodiversity; increase the use of more structural approach on both medium- and low-income taxpayers. renewable sources; fight climate change; illegal immigration and integration. The government will also probably invest in green technologies and seek to negotiate more flexibility eco-innovation; continue the transition with the new European Commission. towards a circular economy. Justice Education Make the justice system more efficient; Strengthen the university and research 3A bumpy road ahead fight criminal organizations and tax systems, also aiming at their The daily work of the new governing evasion. internationalization and promote the coalition probably won’t be as easy public school system, both in terms of as the international partners hope. curriculum and infrastructure. The two enemies-turned-into-allies still do not fully trust each other and Innovation Industrial policy will have to find a new balance in Make technological innovation the driver Implement the Industry 4.0 national Parliament, where League MPs will of economic growth, fostering the plan; increase investments towards keep the chairmanship of some key development of digital skills and small and medium businesses; launch committees. While the coalition is increasing the digitalization in the public an investment plan to foster the thought to last until the end of the administration; focus on fiscal equity, data economic growth of southern Italy; legislature in 2023, only the first few portability, and on the rights of the promote the Made in Italy and the months of work will tell if it is so-called digital workers (e.g. riders); country’s export. sufficiently solid. introduce the web tax. .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Media E Informazione - Lunedi 1 E Martedì 2 Giugno 2020 (N
    1 Università IULM Osservatorio su comunicazione pubblica, public branding e trasformazione digitale Direttore scientifico: prof. Stefano Rolando ([email protected]) Comunicazione e situazione di crisi https://www.iulm.it/it/sites/osservatorio-comunicazione-in-tempo-di-crisi/comunicare-in-tempo-di-crisi Media e informazione - Lunedi 1 e Martedì 2 giugno 2020 (n. 90-n.91) Rallentamento Il 2 giugno del 1946, attraverso referendum istituzionale, gli italiani scelsero di porre fine alla forma monarchica del Paese, anche a causa della commistione con il ventennio fascista, optando per la forma repubblicana. Con 12.182.855 voti, il 54,3% dei votanti scelse la Repubblica, con 10.362.709, il 45,7% dei votanti scelse la Monarchia. L’affluenza fu dell’89,08%. Solo l’11% degli italiani scelse l’astensione. La carta geo-politica dell’Italia fu molto segnata da quel voto: il centro-nord ebbe una dominante di voto repubblicano, il centro-sud e isole ebbe una dominante di voto monarchico. Il governo in carica fino a fine 1945 presieduto dall’azionista Ferruccio Parri e il successivo presieduto dal dc Alcide De Gasperi prepararono l’insediamento dell’Assemblea costituente che – con le presidenze del socialista Giuseppe Saragat e poi del comunista Umberto Terracini – si insediò il 26 giugno del 1946 e terminò i suoi lavori, un mese dopo la promulgazione in G.U. della Costituzione repubblicana, il 31 gennaio del 1948. Nel frattempo il Paese fu governato con tre mandati consecutivi dall’esecutivo presieduto da De Gasperi. Alla Costituente la DC ebbe il 35,2% dei voti, i socialisti il 20,7%, i comunisti il 18,9%, i liberali il 6,8%, i “qualunquisti” il 5,3%, i repubblicani il 4,4% gli azionisti l’1,5%.
    [Show full text]
  • Book Reviews
    italian culture, Vol. xxxii No. 2, September 2014, 138–60 Book Reviews Fictions of Appetite: Alimentary Discourses in Italian Modernist Literature. By Enrico Cesaretti. Pp. vii + 272. Oxford: Peter Lang. 2013. Aside from a few, notable examples, such as Gian-Paolo Biasin’s I sapori della modernità (1991), gastro-criticism is a fairly new multi-disciplinary approach to literature that incorpo- rates literary studies, anthropology, sociology, semiotics and history to explore cultural production. Enrico Cesaretti’s gastro-critical approach to Italian Modernism brings together articles previously published; but here they are revised in order to read early twentieth century Italian writers and texts from a new perspective. The four chapters explore both well-known and nearly forgotten texts by authors such as F. T. Marinetti, Aldo Palazzeschi, Paola Masino, Massimo Bontempelli, and Luigi Pirandello through the common thematic of food, eating, depravation and hunger. Cesaretti notes that “virtually every major twentieth-century Western intellectual from Freud onward, has refl ected on the multiple cultural roles and implications of food and eating” (3). Modernism brought renewed focus on the body, so the trope of food, or lack thereof, becomes an important semiotic concern for writers of the period. Cesaretti’s selection of authors and texts stems from a chronological closeness more so than a great stylistic affi nity, and he is conscious of trying to unite his authors under the umbrella of the term Modernism, which, as he notes, has been problematic in Italian literary critical circles. For Cesaretti, these fi ve authors all emphasize food, hunger, and related tropes in their works because of historical reality (food shortages in Italy during the interwar years among others) and because of Modernism’s emphasis on the body and its functions.
    [Show full text]
  • Government of Change’
    Policy Polarisation in Italy: The Short and Conflictual Life of the ‘Government of Change’ (2018-2019) ACCEPTED FOR PUBLICATION IN SOUTH EUROPEAN SOCIETY AND POLITICS Nicolò Conti, Unitelma Sapienza University of Rome, [email protected] Andrea Pedrazzani, Department of Social and Political Science, University of Milan, [email protected] (corresponding author) Federico Russo, Department of History, Society and Human Studies of the University of Salento, [email protected] Abstract This paper uses the concept of policy polarisation to understand the short and conflictual life of the Conte I cabinet which remained in office in Italy from June 2018 to September 2019. We show how policy polarisation in parliament and between coalition parties shaped the formation and termination of the so-called ‘government of change’. When investigating the implementation of the government agenda, we also assess the role of the coalition contract as an (ineffective) institutional solution to problems stemming from policy divisions between the Five Star Movement and the Lega. We argue that, despite some policy accomplishments of the government, the Five Star Movement-Lega coalition appears more as a temporary experiment, whose legacy may not represent a new course of action. Keywords: Government coalition, Government agenda, Populism, Coalition agreement, Party manifestos, Parliamentary questions, Five Star Movement, Lega 1 Policy polarisation is a crucial factor influencing the entire life cycle of governments in contemporary democracies. It is not only a key aspect of party competition during the electoral campaign (Downs 1957; Sartori 1976). As the comparative literature has pointed out, polarisation which sets the two sides of the party system at polar opposites can also increase the complexity of the bargaining environment after the elections, thus delaying the formation of governments and affecting the type of cabinets eventually formed.
    [Show full text]
  • La Regione Puglia Con Ragione Di Gero Grassi
    La Regione Puglia con ragione di Gero Grassi Prefazione di Nichy Vendola e Pietro Pepe Editore: Cooperativa Culturale R.T.S. L’Autore ringrazia per la collaborazione: Angela Cassano, Antonella Provvisionato, Vichy Sisto, Enzo Del Vecchio, Maria Teresa De Scisciolo, Anna Di Canio, Rosa Melodia, Nicola Scelsi, Giacobbe Vallarelli. Copyright © 2006 Proprietà letteraria riservata Cooperativa Culturale Radio Terlizzi Stereo Arco della Madonna, 1 tel. 0803516625 Presidente: Damiano Guastamacchia Copertina e impaginazione: Iride arte grafica di Gianpiero Morgese · Terlizzi (Ba) Indice Prefazione: •La Regione Puglia con ragione di Gero Grassi . .pag. 9 Presentazioni: •Per me l’amicizia è un valore assoluto di Nichy Vendola . .» 25 • Puglia: Regione con le gambe nel Mediterraneo e la testa in Europa di Pietro Pepe . .» 29 Cimelio: •Una verità non mediata dalla politica di Nichy Vendola . .» 35 Testo: • Partiti e società civile per la Puglia che verrà . .» 37 • Il PPE: un partito di destra che guarda al centro . .» 41 • Margherita Puglia: Direzione Regionale Relazione del Coordinatore Regionale . .» 43 •La sfida dell’Ulivo parte dal Sud . .» 67 •Lettera aperta al Commissario Provinciale AN . .» 69 •I panini all’olio del Panificio Centrale . .» 71 •La costituzione della Margherita nella VI provincia: un punto di riferimento per l’intero territorio . .» 75 •Grassi: sceglieremo con il voto palese. Ballottaggio se non c’è maggioranza . .» 79 •Sindaci e Presidenti candidano l’Assessore. Boccia è l’anti-Fitto, Vendola non si ritira . .» 83 •La città della pietra dura e pulita . .» 85 •Grassi: così ci prepariamo alla grande sfida delle primarie . .» 89 •Grassi: il candidato doveva essere più vicino alla gente . .» 93 • Nichy non è mangiapreti, ma politico del dialogo .
    [Show full text]
  • Are Gestures Worth a Thousand Words? an Analysis of Interviews in the Political Domain
    Are Gestures Worth a Thousand Words? An Analysis of Interviews in the Political Domain Daniela Trotta Sara Tonelli Universita` degli Studi di Salerno Fondazione Bruno Kessler Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, Via Sommarive 18 Fisciano, Italy Trento, Italy [email protected] [email protected] Abstract may provide important information or significance to the accompanying speech and add clarity to the Speaker gestures are semantically co- expressive with speech and serve different children’s narrative (Colletta et al., 2015); they can pragmatic functions to accompany oral modal- be employed to facilitate lexical retrieval and re- ity. Therefore, gestures are an inseparable tain a turn in conversations stam2008gesture and part of the language system: they may add assist in verbalizing semantic content (Hostetter clarity to discourse, can be employed to et al., 2007). From this point of view, gestures fa- facilitate lexical retrieval and retain a turn in cilitate speakers in coming up with the words they conversations, assist in verbalizing semantic intend to say by sustaining the activation of a tar- content and facilitate speakers in coming up with the words they intend to say. This aspect get word’s semantic feature, long enough for the is particularly relevant in political discourse, process of word production to take place (Morsella where speakers try to apply communication and Krauss, 2004). strategies that are both clear and persuasive Gestures can also convey semantic meanings. using verbal and non-verbal cues. For example,M uller¨ et al.(2013) discuss the prin- In this paper we investigate the co-speech ges- ciples of meaning creation and the simultaneous tures of several Italian politicians during face- and linear structures of gesture forms.
    [Show full text]
  • Giovedì, 05 Marzo 2020 Assosoftwaredaypress Giovedì, 05 Marzo 2020
    AssoSoftwareDayPress giovedì, 05 marzo 2020 AssoSoftwareDayPress giovedì, 05 marzo 2020 Agenda digitale e Pubblica Amministrazione 04/03/2020 Corriere Comunicazioni 5 Coronavirus, Tim: Giga gratis per un mese nelle aree rosse 05/03/2020 Il Sole 24 Ore Pagina 12 Ivan Cimmarusti 6 Dalla mafia alle società partecipate i dossier più caldi della Capitale 05/03/2020 Il Sole 24 Ore Pagina 21 Andrea Falessi 7 La competitività del Paese passa anche dal rafforzamento della fibra ottica 05/03/2020 Il Sole 24 Ore Pagina 29 Gianni Trovati 9 Lavoro agile «obbligato» per le Pa 05/03/2020 italiaoggi.it 11 Lavoro agile nella Pa, adesso si parte 05/03/2020 Italia Oggi Pagina 29 LUIGI OLIVERI 13 Lavoro agile, esperimenti finiti 04/03/2020 Agenda Digitale 15 Service provider privati Spid, chi sono e perché hanno ruolo strategico 04/03/2020 Corriere Comunicazioni 19 Smart working nella PA, ecco la circolare Dadone 04/03/2020 Agenda Digitale 22 Spid e consultazione fatture elettroniche dei privati, ecco il tutorial Agricoltura e Dogane 05/03/2020 Italia Oggi Pagina 32 24 brevi 05/03/2020 Italia Oggi Pagina 31 25 Codice lotteria, i dati a uso esclusivo 05/03/2020 Italia Oggi Pagina 15 27 commenti 05/03/2020 EutekneInfo 29 Responsabilità oggettiva per il titolare del deposito doganale in caso di furto Contabilità e Bilancio 05/03/2020 Italia Oggi Pagina 35 DANIELE CIRIOLI 31 Inpgi, ok dai ministeri al condono contributivo 04/03/2020 Corriere Comunicazioni 32 Intelligenza artificiale: Israele e Francia al top, l' Italia arranca 05/03/2020 EutekneInfo 34 L' iper-ammortamento
    [Show full text]
  • Italy a View From…
    A view from… Italy News from FTI Consulting’s European affiliate network May 2019: Cattaneo Zanetto & Co. is part of FTI Consulting’s affiliate network and is the leading Italian public affairs, lobbying and political intelligence firm. They provide a range of specialised services structured in dedicated practice areas. Each practice has a specific set of tools and methods to make sure we’re always on the edge with creativity and innovation. Below the team provides an update ahead of the forthcoming EU Elections on the current Italian political landscape. The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily the views of FTI Consulting, Inc. its management, its subsidiaries, its affiliates, or its other professionals, members of employees. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- European elections may represent a turning point for Italian politics. After almost a year of a Government led by Lega (former Northern League) and Movimento Cinque Stelle (M5S - Five Star Movement), the two parties increasingly appear as fierce competitors. An outcome strongly favourable to Matteo Salvini may rebalance the power sharing, while the rise of an alternative from the opposition still looks unlikely. The EU elections come as first nation-wide test of strength within Italy’s governing majority after almost a year after the birth of the cabinet led by President Giuseppe Conte. After a solid run in regional elections, Matteo Salvini’s Lega reached a favourable position in the polls, possibly aiming at reverting the balance of powers in case of a landslide win on May 26th. The outcome of European elections will then be crucial to terminate or exacerbate the conflict-ridden atmosphere which is surrounding the Government over the last months, involving direct and intense confrontation between the two deputy-prime ministers: Matteo Salvini and Luigi Di Maio.
    [Show full text]
  • Pd, Ricetta Per Una Rinascita
    Quotidiano Data 28-02-2021 la Repubblica Pagina 1+30 Foglio 1 L ánalisí Il Pd e una ricetta per la rinascita di Stefano Cappellini a pagina 30 A cosa dovrebbe servire ilcongresso delPartito Pd, una ricetta per la rinascita di Stefano Cappellini egretario del Partito democratico è uno dei mestieri giocatore che si chiama all'ultimo minuto prima del Q più precari del Paese. Walter Veltroni,il primo a calcetto del giovedì sera:senza di lui non si gioca,e non è occupare 1a carica, a un certo punto disse di non poterne poco,ma è difficile aspettarsi che lasci grandi tracce in più delle correnti che lo logoravano esi dimise Prese il suo campo.Non a caso la tendenza elettorale vede da anni il posto Dario Franceschini in quanto vicesegretario e partito crescere o comunque tenere nelle aree dove Matteo Renzi lo bollò subito "vice-disastro".Poi arrivò Pier prevale il voto d'opinione, più orientato ad apprezzare lo Luigi Bersani,fece in tempo a non vincere le elezioni del spirito istituzionale,e stentare dove prevale la sofferenza e 2013e lasciò pure lui bombardato da ogni angolo dopo i non si mangia a pane e istituzioni. flop di Franco Marini e Romano Prodi, bruciati nella corsa Si intravvede l'ennesima inutile conta tra le correnti per al Quirinale dai franchi tiratori del partito. Arrivò appunto interposto leader,il cui unico risultato - quale che sia Renzi,sí prese in pochi mesi segreteria e Palazzo Chigi poi, l'esito - sarà quello di illudersi che il rito delle primarie,lo passato in tre anni dal 40 per cento al 18,spiegò il suo strumento più sopravvalutato di sempre nella politica inarrestabile declino con la teoria del "fuoco amico".
    [Show full text]
  • “Going Through Dante's Purgatory: Asylum Seekers in Italian
    “Going through Dante’s Purgatory: Asylum seekers in Italian bureaucracy.” Eréndira León Salvador NIA: 201236 Supervisor: Dr John Palmer BA in Global Studies Universitat Pompeu Fabra 2020 Declaration This dissertation is the result of my own work, is not copied from another person’s published or unpublished work, and includes nothing which is the outcome of work done in collaboration, except where specifically indicated. Neither the dissertation nor any part of it is substantially the same as any writing submitted for assessment at Universitat Pompeu Fabra, another university, or any similar institution. Abstract Italy has become a key actor in the global debate regarding immigration policies. Asylum seekers arriving in Italian territory face a legal limbo that is similar to Dante’s description of Purgatory. The country’s asylum regulations and procedures have rendered applicants’ lives precarious and vulnerable due to the absence of an organic legal instrument that can effectively protect them, the juxtaposition of the different level of governance, the lack of social communication between the locals with asylum seekers, institutional inefficiency, bureaucratic practice and the instrumental use of constructed narratives by politicians. This dissertation examines from a sociological perspective how the bureaucratic asylum request process in Italy has changed from 2008 to 2019 and how its changes are related to political transformations in the Italian government. My analysis reveals a system in which political actors have a primary role in criminalising immigration and, helped by the increasing media attention towards asylum seekers, creates a social aversion to immigration. Empirical evidence shows that this is not just driven by the anti-immigrant right, but that leftist parties have also played a key role in rendering more precarious asylum seekers’ lives.
    [Show full text]
  • Aspi, Resa Dei Conti Nel Governo Commissario in Caso Di Revoca
    14/07/2020 Pagina 3 EAV: € 14.691 Lettori: 259.917 Argomento: Servizi pubblici Aspi, resa dei conti nel governo Commissario in caso di revoca Emilia Patta Il dossier oggi in Consiglio. Conte: «Decisione che coinvolga tutto l' Esecutivo». Il Pd apre al controllo pubblico con Cdp. Ma da Iv no al ritiro della concessione. Ancora trattative con Atlantia Roma «Se ci sono ponti e e questi ponti crollano, dobbiamo saper sanzionare chi è responsabile di questo crollo. Domani (oggi, ndr) ci sarà un' informativa al Consiglio dei ministri. È una decisione che deve prendere tutto il governo, tutti i ministri domani saranno nelle condizioni di conoscere i dettagli». Giuseppe Conte parla di Autostrade, naturalmente, e la questione finisce per campeggiare durante la conferenza stampa a Meseberg con la Cancelliera tedesca Angela Merkel. Né potrebbe essere altrimenti, visto che con una doppia intervista (alla Stampa e al Fatto quotidiano) il premier ha lanciato di prima mattina il suo altolà ai Benetton parlando esplicitamente di revoca delle concessioni: «È inaccettabile la pretesa di Aspi di perpetuare il regime di favore in caso di nuovi inadempimenti degli obblighi di concessione. Così i Benetton non prendono in giro il presidente del Consiglio ma i familiari delle vittime del ponte Morandi di Genova e tutti gli italiani». Parole da "grillino" (il M5s chiede da due anni la revoca sic et simpliciter delle concessioni ai Benetton nonostante i 7 miliardi di penale e il rischio contenzioso) che sembrano chiudere definitivamente la porta alla riapertura della trattativa dopo la lettera-proposta di Aspi al governo di sabato.
    [Show full text]
  • Uef-Spinelli Group
    UEF-SPINELLI GROUP MANIFESTO 9 MAY 2021 At watershed moments in history, communities need to adapt their institutions to avoid sliding into irreversible decline, thus equipping themselves to govern new circumstances. After the end of the Cold War the European Union, with the creation of the monetary Union, took a first crucial step towards adapting its institutions; but it was unable to agree on a true fiscal and social policy for the Euro. Later, the Lisbon Treaty strengthened the legislative role of the European Parliament, but again failed to create a strong economic and political union in order to complete the Euro. Resulting from that, the EU was not equipped to react effectively to the first major challenges and crises of the XXI century: the financial crash of 2008, the migration flows of 2015- 2016, the rise of national populism, and the 2016 Brexit referendum. This failure also resulted in a strengthening of the role of national governments — as shown, for example, by the current excessive concentration of power within the European Council, whose actions are blocked by opposing national vetoes —, and in the EU’s chronic inability to develop a common foreign policy capable of promoting Europe’s common strategic interests. Now, however, the tune has changed. In the face of an unprecedented public health crisis and the corresponding collapse of its economies, Europe has reacted with unity and resolve, indicating the way forward for the future of European integration: it laid the foundations by starting with an unprecedented common vaccination strategy, for a “Europe of Health”, and unveiled a recovery plan which will be financed by shared borrowing and repaid by revenue from new EU taxes levied on the digital and financial giants and on polluting industries.
    [Show full text]
  • Lawyers, European Law, and the Contentious Transformation of the Port of Genoa
    From Marx to Market: Lawyers, European Law, and the Contentious Transformation of the Port of Genoa Accepted for publication, Law & Society Review Tommaso Pavone* What happens when international courts are asked to tackle local political controversies and their judgments subsequently spark contentious resistance? In the European Union (EU), scholars have posited that the politicization of the often– liberalizing rulings of the European Court of Justice (ECJ) provokes Euroscepticism and non–compliance. In contrast, I argue that contentious politics may also produce permissive conditions for Europeanist cause lawyers to promote awareness of EU law and mobilize support for liberalization. To unpack this claim, I conduct an intensive case study of perhaps the most explosive controversy in Italy to generate litigation before the ECJ: The 1991 “Port of Genoa” case, where the public monopoly rights of a centuries–old dockworkers’ union were challenged. Leveraging interviews, court and newspaper records, public opinion data, and litigation statistics, I trace how –– despite dockworkers’ vigorous resistance –– a pair of entrepreneurial lawyers liberalized Italy’s largest port by combining strategic litigation with a public relations campaign to mobilize a compliance constituency. I conclude with insights the case study offers into the contemporary politics of transnational legal governance. Of all transnational legal orders (Halliday & Shaffer 2015), the European Union (EU) represents an exemplary process of “integration through law” (Kelemen 2011). The conventional view is that the construction of a liberalized common market and a “supranational constitution” (Stone Sweet & Brunell 1998) in Europe can be largely attributed to the “quiet” collaborations of national courts and the European * The author is grateful to the National Science Foundation (grant no.
    [Show full text]