DOCSLIB.ORG

Meliphagidae)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Meliphagidae) FORAGING BEHAVIOR, BEHAVIORAL FLEXIBILITY, AND RANGE SIZE OF AUSTRALIAN HONEYEATERS (MELIPHAGIDAE) by SARAH KATHERINE WAGNER B.A., Earlham College, 2002 M.A., University of Colorado, 2010 A thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Colorado in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology 2015 This thesis entitled: Foraging behavior, behavioral flexibility, and range size of Australian Honeyeaters (Meliphagidae) written by Sarah Katherine Wagner has been approved for the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Alexander Cruz (chair) Kendi Davies (member) 14 July, 2015 The final copy of this thesis has been examined by the signatories, and we Find that both the content and the form meet acceptable presentation standards Of scholarly work in the above mentioned discipline. iii Wagner, Sarah Katherine (Ph.D., Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology) Foraging behavior, behavioral flexibility, and range size of Australian Honeyeaters (Meliphagidae) Dissertation directed by Professor Alexander Cruz Anthropogenic disturbance is the leading cause of species extinctions (Vitousek 1997, Pimm and Raven 2000, Ewers and Didham 2006). Modern ecologists are given the task of determining how to predict and then mitigate species’ response to such disturbances. Species with larger niches, and more behaviorally flexible species, are predicted to better succeed in novel environments in the face of large scale habitat changes (Mayr 1965, Ehlrich 1989, Sol 2002, Shultz 2005). Foraging behavior can be a good descriptor of species’ niches, and the variation in these measures can be used to quantify behavioral flexibility (Sol 2002). My dissertation utilizes the interface between animal behavior data and broad-scale ecological patterns. I collected foraging behavior data (~7,300 independent foraging observations) across 74 of 75 Australian honeyeater (Meliphagidae) species to quantify niche size and position. I used functional dispersion (FDis) to quantify niche size. Related species foraged similarly, and foraging behavior showed significant phylogenetic signal. Generalists utilized a variety of resource acquisition strategies, whereas species with small niches were either highly nectarivorous or insectivorous. In order to determine if foraging niche size can be a predictor of extinction risk, I tested whether niche size was correlated with exposure or sensitivity to climate change. I did not find niche size to be a significant predictor of these risks as assessed by others. However, synergistic effects between small niche size and anthropogenic disturbance and climate change may put these species at an elevated risk of extinction. I also found a strong iv positive relationship between species that are highly nectarivorous and species that make attacks to the air for invertebrates. Nectarivorous species supplement their diets with protein, and it appears that these species make costly aerial attacks to acquire protein quickly. Geographic range size was not correlated with foraging niche size, but it was weakly correlated with niche position. Specifically, species that glean and hang from leaves in forests with high canopies were found to have smaller geographic range sizes. This is likely driven by the fact that such forests occur over a limited area in Australia, and occupy only remnants of their former geographic extent. v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The completion of this dissertation was very much dependent on the support and help from numerous people. I first want to thank my husband, collaborator and adventure partner, Eliot Miller for his love, support, patience, and enthusiasm. I also want to thank my parents, Pat and Lowell Wagner, for encouraging me to be a bird loving conservation scientist even if it meant spending so many years in school. I am grateful for a shared love of science, natural history and humor with my siblings and their partners, Becky Wagner and Jed Bopp and Jon Wagner and Prairie Hale. I am not sure where I would be without the free counseling and editing, and reminders to keep getting my hands dirty in the garden. I thank my advisor, Alex Cruz for believing in me, giving me the freedom to study a family of birds all the way in Australia, sharing his excitement about avian biogeography and conservation and being an incredibly inspiring educator and mentor. I thank my committee: Sharon Collinge, Kendi Davies, Dan Doak, and Rob Guralnick for the countless ideas, analyses help, editing suggestions and the many hours spent brain storming. The Cruz lab family (Marcus Cohen, Clint Francis, Nathan Kleist, Catherine Ortega, Ty Tuff) have been a comforting examples of how to navigate academia and lots of fun on whitewater rafting and field work adventures. Kelly Ramirez has been a dear friend since day one of my graduate career at CU and is responsible for many of my more stream-lined and well thought out ideas. I am forever indebted to Bill Buskirk, my Ornithology professor at Earlham College, who first opened my eyes to the world of birds and thereafter provided multiple opportunities to further pursue my ornithology interests (he also does one stellar American woodcock display impersonation). My Aunt Janet and Uncle Skip bought me my first Ornithology text book and continued to support other Ornithology May terms and excursions, and I am very grateful for that. I taught during every semester that I was a vi student at CU and I am grateful for the teaching mentorship and guidance from John Basey, Mike Breed and the wonderful people at the Biological Sciences Initiative at CU. Our work in Australia would have been impossible without support for Mark Westoby at Macquarie University and Leo Joseph at the Australian National University. I am also incredibly grateful to Glen Sanders and Hillary Cherry for being our very comfortable and fun loving Sydney home base. I thank our new community of friends in Moscow, Idaho where I finished up the last leg of my PhD with the help of: Denim Jochimsen, Rafael Maia, Amy Worthington, Andy Kraemer, and Anahi Espinola. vii CONTENTS CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION Foraging behavior, behavioral flexibility, and range size of Australian honeyeaters (Meliphagidae)………………………………………….…………………………………1 Summary of chapters two through four………………………………………………...…2 II. A QUANTITATIVE SUMMARY OF THE FORAGING BEHAVIOR OF A CONTINENTAL RADIATION: AUSTRALIAN MELIPHAGIDAE…………………………………………………………..…………….4 Abstract………………………………...………………………………………………….4 Introduction…………………………………………………...…………………………...4 Methods……………………………………………...…………………………………...10 Results……………………...…………………………………………………………….15 Discussion…………………………...…………………………………………………...62 III. DOES FORAGING NICHE PREDICT EXTINCTION RISK IN THE AUSTRALIAN MELIPHAGIDAE?............................................................................................................68 Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………..68 Introduction…,,,………………………………………………………………………….68 Methods…………………………………………………………………………………..71 Results……………………………………………………………………………………77 Discussion……………………………………………………………………………......82 viii IV. NICHE SIZE AND THEREFORE BEHAVIORAL FLEXIBILITY ARE ASSOCIATED WITH LARGE GEOGRAPHIC RANGES…………………………….........................87 Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………..87 Introduction………………………………………………………………………………87 Methods………………………………………………………………………………......90 Results……………………………………………………………………………………92 Discussion……………………………………………………………………………......99 V. CONCLUSION…………………………………………………………………………104 BIBLIOGRAPHY…………….………………………………………………………………...107 ix TABLES 2.1 Map of foraging behavior data collection sites……………………………...……………….59 2.2 Bar graph of foraging niche size (FDis) scores per species in order of largest to smallest….64 3.1 Common name, species name, IUCN threat status, IUCN population trends and exposure and sensitivity to climate change……………………………………………………………………..79 3.2 ANOVA results for FDis and sensitivity, exposure and IUCN trend, PC1 with sensitivity, exposure, and IUCN trend, and PC2 with sensitivity, exposure, and IUCN population trend….80 x FIGURES 2.1 Hawking (percent of attacks to the air that are not to flowers) and proportion of attacks to flowers (nectarivory) were positively correlated………………………………………………...11 2.2 Bar graph of foraging niche sizes (FDis) scores per species in order of largest to smallest..17 2.3 Plot of foraging niche size (FDis) by species across the phylogeny………………………………………………………………………………………...19 2.4 Plot of nectarivory by species across the phylogeny………………………………………..22 2.5 Plot of proportion of attacks to fruit (frugivory) by species across the phylogeny…………30 2.6 Plot of proportion of attacks to branches by species across the phylogeny…………………36 2.7. Foraging niche size (FDis) and proportion of attacks to flowers (nectarivory) produced a unimodal response which highlights the fact that specialization and small sample size are related ……………………………………………………………………………………………………55 2.8 Hawking (percent of attacks to the air that are not to flowers) and proportion of attacks to flowers (nectarivory) were positively correlated………………………………………………...56 2.9 Meliphagidae phylogeny with position along PC1 mapped in color………………………...58 2.10 Meliphagidae phylogeny with position along PC2 mapped in color……………………….60 3.1 Foraging niche size and IUCN population trend…………………………………………….79 3.2 Niche position on PC2 and IUCN population trends………………………………………...80 4.1 Geographic range sizes per species (occurrence in a 100 x 100 grid cell)…………………..93
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Birding Nsw Birding
    Birding NSW Newsletter Page 1 birding NewsletterNewsletter NSWNSW FieldField OrnithologistsOrnithologists ClubClub IncInc nsw IssueIssue 287287 JuneJune -- JulyJuly 20182018 President’s Report I am pleased to inform you that Ross Crates, who is doing We had 30 surveyors, some of whom were new. One of important work on the endangered Regent Honeyeater, the strengths of the survey is that while some surveyors will receive the money from this year’s NSW Twitchathon cannot attend every survey, there are enough new people fund-raising event. This decision was made at the recent that there is a pool of about 30 surveyors for each event. Bird Interest Group network (BIGnet) meeting at Sydney Most surveyors saw Superb Parrots in March. Olympic Park. At this meeting, it was also agreed At the club meetings in April and May, we were fortunate unanimously that in future, all BIGnet clubs would have to have had two superb lectures from the National Parks an equal opportunity to submit proposals annually for and Wildlife Service branch of the Office of Environment funding support from the Twitchathon in NSW, replacing and Heritage, one by Principal Scientist Nicholas Carlile the previous protocol of alternating annual decision- on Gould’s Petrels, and another by Ranger Martin Smith making between NSW clubs and BirdLife Southern NSW. on the Little Tern and other shorebirds. Both speakers Allan Richards led a highly successful campout to Ingelba were obviously highly committed to their work and to the near Walcha on the Easter Long Weekend. One of the National Parks and Wildlife Service. At a time of major highlights was great views of platypuses.
    [Show full text]
  • Additional Land South of the Gas Treatment Plant Vegetation and Flora Survey
    Additional Land South of the Gas Treatment Plant Vegetation and Flora Survey October 2013 Prepared for Chevron Australia Pty Ltd Astron Environmental Services 129 Royal Street East Perth WA 6004 Phone: (08) 9421 9600 Fax: (08) 9421 9699 Report Reference: 2609-13-BSR-1Rev0_131128 Email: [email protected] Doc. ID: G1-NT-REP00000220 Doc. ID: G1-NT-REP00000220 Additional Land South of the Gas Treatment Plant Vegetation and Flora Survey Prepared for Chevron Australia Pty Ltd Job Number: 2609-13 Reference: 2609-13-BSR-1Rev0_131128 Revision Status Rev Date Description Author(s) Reviewer A 01/11/2013 Draft Issued for Client Review N. Cadd J. Kruger B 08/11/2013 Revised Draft Issued for Client Review N. Cadd J. Kruger C 12/11/2013 Revised Draft Issued for Client Review N. Cadd V. Clarke 0 28/11/2013 Final Issued for Information N. Cadd V. Clarke Approval Rev Date Issued to Authorised by Name Signature A 01/11/2013 A. Smith/S. Finn S. Pearse B 08/11/2013 A. Smith/S. Finn S. Pearse C 12/11/2013 A. Smith/S. Finn S. Atkinson 0 28/11/2013 A. Smith/S. Finn S. Pearse © Copyright 2012 Astron Environmental Services Pty Ltd. All rights reserved. This document and information contained in it has been prepared by Astron Environmental Services under the terms and conditions of its Doc.contract ID: with G1-NT-REP00000220 its client. The report is for the clients use only and may not be used, exploited, copied, duplicated or reproduced in any form or medium whatsoever without the prior written permission of Astron Environmental Services or its client.
    [Show full text]
  • Final Report Template
    Native Legumes as a Grain Crop for Diversification in Australia RIRDC Publication No. 10/223 RIRDCInnovation for rural Australia Native Legumes as a Grain Crop for Diversification in Australia by Megan Ryan, Lindsay Bell, Richard Bennett, Margaret Collins and Heather Clarke October 2011 RIRDC Publication No. 10/223 RIRDC Project No. PRJ-000356 © 2011 Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation. All rights reserved. ISBN 978-1-74254-188-4 ISSN 1440-6845 Native Legumes as a Grain Crop for Diversification in Australia Publication No. 10/223 Project No. PRJ-000356 The information contained in this publication is intended for general use to assist public knowledge and discussion and to help improve the development of sustainable regions. You must not rely on any information contained in this publication without taking specialist advice relevant to your particular circumstances. While reasonable care has been taken in preparing this publication to ensure that information is true and correct, the Commonwealth of Australia gives no assurance as to the accuracy of any information in this publication. The Commonwealth of Australia, the Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation (RIRDC), the authors or contributors expressly disclaim, to the maximum extent permitted by law, all responsibility and liability to any person, arising directly or indirectly from any act or omission, or for any consequences of any such act or omission, made in reliance on the contents of this publication, whether or not caused by any negligence on the part of the Commonwealth of Australia, RIRDC, the authors or contributors. The Commonwealth of Australia does not necessarily endorse the views in this publication.
    [Show full text]
  • Brooklyn, Cloudland, Melsonby (Gaarraay)
    BUSH BLITZ SPECIES DISCOVERY PROGRAM Brooklyn, Cloudland, Melsonby (Gaarraay) Nature Refuges Eubenangee Swamp, Hann Tableland, Melsonby (Gaarraay) National Parks Upper Bridge Creek Queensland 29 April–27 May · 26–27 July 2010 Australian Biological Resources Study What is Contents Bush Blitz? Bush Blitz is a four-year, What is Bush Blitz? 2 multi-million dollar Abbreviations 2 partnership between the Summary 3 Australian Government, Introduction 4 BHP Billiton and Earthwatch Reserves Overview 6 Australia to document plants Methods 11 and animals in selected properties across Australia’s Results 14 National Reserve System. Discussion 17 Appendix A: Species Lists 31 Fauna 32 This innovative partnership Vertebrates 32 harnesses the expertise of many Invertebrates 50 of Australia’s top scientists from Flora 62 museums, herbaria, universities, Appendix B: Threatened Species 107 and other institutions and Fauna 108 organisations across the country. Flora 111 Appendix C: Exotic and Pest Species 113 Fauna 114 Flora 115 Glossary 119 Abbreviations ANHAT Australian Natural Heritage Assessment Tool EPBC Act Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Commonwealth) NCA Nature Conservation Act 1992 (Queensland) NRS National Reserve System 2 Bush Blitz survey report Summary A Bush Blitz survey was conducted in the Cape Exotic vertebrate pests were not a focus York Peninsula, Einasleigh Uplands and Wet of this Bush Blitz, however the Cane Toad Tropics bioregions of Queensland during April, (Rhinella marina) was recorded in both Cloudland May and July 2010. Results include 1,186 species Nature Refuge and Hann Tableland National added to those known across the reserves. Of Park. Only one exotic invertebrate species was these, 36 are putative species new to science, recorded, the Spiked Awlsnail (Allopeas clavulinus) including 24 species of true bug, 9 species of in Cloudland Nature Refuge.
    [Show full text]
  • Common Birds in Tilligerry Habitat
    Common Birds in Tilligerry Habitat Dedicated bird enthusiasts have kindly contributed to this sequence of 106 bird species spotted in the habitat over the last few years Kookaburra Red-browed Finch Black-faced Cuckoo- shrike Magpie-lark Tawny Frogmouth Noisy Miner Spotted Dove [1] Crested Pigeon Australian Raven Olive-backed Oriole Whistling Kite Grey Butcherbird Pied Butcherbird Australian Magpie Noisy Friarbird Galah Long-billed Corella Eastern Rosella Yellow-tailed black Rainbow Lorikeet Scaly-breasted Lorikeet Cockatoo Tawny Frogmouth c Noeline Karlson [1] ( ) Common Birds in Tilligerry Habitat Variegated Fairy- Yellow Faced Superb Fairy-wren White Cheeked Scarlet Honeyeater Blue-faced Honeyeater wren Honeyeater Honeyeater White-throated Brown Gerygone Brown Thornbill Yellow Thornbill Eastern Yellow Robin Silvereye Gerygone White-browed Eastern Spinebill [2] Spotted Pardalote Grey Fantail Little Wattlebird Red Wattlebird Scrubwren Willie Wagtail Eastern Whipbird Welcome Swallow Leaden Flycatcher Golden Whistler Rufous Whistler Eastern Spinebill c Noeline Karlson [2] ( ) Common Sea and shore birds Silver Gull White-necked Heron Little Black Australian White Ibis Masked Lapwing Crested Tern Cormorant Little Pied Cormorant White-bellied Sea-Eagle [3] Pelican White-faced Heron Uncommon Sea and shore birds Caspian Tern Pied Cormorant White-necked Heron Great Egret Little Egret Great Cormorant Striated Heron Intermediate Egret [3] White-bellied Sea-Eagle (c) Noeline Karlson Uncommon Birds in Tilligerry Habitat Grey Goshawk Australian Hobby
    [Show full text]
  • Disaggregation of Bird Families Listed on Cms Appendix Ii
    Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals 2nd Meeting of the Sessional Committee of the CMS Scientific Council (ScC-SC2) Bonn, Germany, 10 – 14 July 2017 UNEP/CMS/ScC-SC2/Inf.3 DISAGGREGATION OF BIRD FAMILIES LISTED ON CMS APPENDIX II (Prepared by the Appointed Councillors for Birds) Summary: The first meeting of the Sessional Committee of the Scientific Council identified the adoption of a new standard reference for avian taxonomy as an opportunity to disaggregate the higher-level taxa listed on Appendix II and to identify those that are considered to be migratory species and that have an unfavourable conservation status. The current paper presents an initial analysis of the higher-level disaggregation using the Handbook of the Birds of the World/BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World Volumes 1 and 2 taxonomy, and identifies the challenges in completing the analysis to identify all of the migratory species and the corresponding Range States. The document has been prepared by the COP Appointed Scientific Councilors for Birds. This is a supplementary paper to COP document UNEP/CMS/COP12/Doc.25.3 on Taxonomy and Nomenclature UNEP/CMS/ScC-Sc2/Inf.3 DISAGGREGATION OF BIRD FAMILIES LISTED ON CMS APPENDIX II 1. Through Resolution 11.19, the Conference of Parties adopted as the standard reference for bird taxonomy and nomenclature for Non-Passerine species the Handbook of the Birds of the World/BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World, Volume 1: Non-Passerines, by Josep del Hoyo and Nigel J. Collar (2014); 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Birding Oxley Creek Common Brisbane, Australia
    Birding Oxley Creek Common Brisbane, Australia Hugh Possingham and Mat Gilfedder – January 2011 [email protected] www.ecology.uq.edu.au 3379 9388 (h) Other photos, records and comments contributed by: Cathy Gilfedder, Mike Bennett, David Niland, Mark Roberts, Pete Kyne, Conrad Hoskin, Chris Sanderson, Angela Wardell-Johnson, Denis Mollison. This guide provides information about the birds, and how to bird on, Oxley Creek Common. This is a public park (access restricted to the yellow parts of the map, page 6). Over 185 species have been recorded on Oxley Creek Common in the last 83 years, making it one of the best birding spots in Brisbane. This guide is complimented by a full annotated list of the species seen in, or from, the Common. How to get there Oxley Creek Common is in the suburb of Rocklea and is well signposted from Sherwood Road. If approaching from the east (Ipswich Road side), pass the Rocklea Markets and turn left before the bridge crossing Oxley Creek. If approaching from the west (Sherwood side) turn right about 100 m after the bridge over Oxley Creek. The gate is always open. Amenities The main development at Oxley Creek Common is the Red Shed, which is beside the car park (plenty of space). The Red Shed has toilets (composting), water, covered seating, and BBQ facilities. The toilets close about 8pm and open very early. The paths are flat, wide and easy to walk or cycle. When to arrive The diversity of waterbirds is a feature of the Common and these can be good at any time of the day.
    [Show full text]
  • Breeding Record of the Black Honeyeater at Port Neill, Eyre Peninsula
    76 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN ORNITHOLOGIST, 30 BREEDING RECORD OF THE BLACK HONEYEATER AT PORT NEILL, EYRE PENINSULA TREVOR COX Eckert et al. (1985) pointed out that the Black indicated by dead branches protruding slightly Honeyeater Certhionyx niger has been reported above the vegetation. The male would perch on from Eyre Peninsula but that its occurrence there each branch in turn for approximately one minute requires substantiation. In this note, I report the and repeatedly give a single note call. Display occurrence and breeding ofBlack Honeyeaters on flights at this time attained a height of 1O-12m and the Peninsula. the female was only heard occasionally, uttering a On 5 October 1985, I saw, six to ten Black soft, single note call from the nest area. The male Honeyeaters in a small patch of scrub on a rise defended the territory against other Black adjacent to the southern edge of the township of Honeyeaters, a Singing Honeyeater Port Neill on Eyre Peninsula. The scrub consisted Lichenostomus virescens and a Tawny-crowned of stunted maIlee, Broomebush Melaleuca Honeyeater Gliciphila melanops. It chased the uncinata, Porcupine Grass Triodia irritans and latter 50m on one occasion. shrubs. The only eucalypt flowering at the time The nest wasin a stunted mallee at 0.35m height. was Red Mallee Eucalyptus socialis. It was a small cup 55mm in diameter and 40mm A description taken from my field notes of the deep, made of fine sticks bound with spider web, birds seen at Port Neill is as follows: lined with hair roots and adorned with pieces of A small honeyeater of similar size to silvereye [Zosterops], barkhanging from it.
    [Show full text]
  • Tropical Birding Tour Report
    AUSTRALIA’S TOP END Victoria River to Kakadu 9 – 17 October 2009 Tour Leader: Iain Campbell Having run the Northern Territory trip every year since 2005, and multiple times in some years, I figured it really is about time that I wrote a trip report for this tour. The tour program changed this year as it was just so dry in central Australia, we decided to limit the tour to the Top End where the birding is always spectacular, and skip the Central Australia section where birding is beginning to feel like pulling teeth; so you end up with a shorter but jam-packed tour laden with parrots, pigeons, finches, and honeyeaters. Throw in some amazing scenery, rock art, big crocs, and thriving aboriginal culture you have a fantastic tour. As for the list, we pretty much got everything, as this is the kind of tour where by the nature of the birding, you can leave with very few gaps in the list. 9 October: Around Darwin The Top End trip started around three in the afternoon, and the very first thing we did was shoot out to Fogg Dam. This is a wetlands to behold, as you drive along a causeway with hundreds of Intermediate Egrets, Magpie-Geese, Pied Herons, Green Pygmy-geese, Royal Spoonbills, Rajah Shelducks, and Comb-crested Jacanas all close and very easy to see. While we were watching the waterbirds, we had tens of Whistling Kites and Black Kites circling overhead. When I was a child birder and thought of the Top End, Fogg Dam and it's birds was the image in my mind, so it is always great to see the reaction of others when they see it for the first time.
    [Show full text]
  • Recommended Band Size List Page 1
    Jun 00 Australian Bird and Bat Banding Scheme - Recommended Band Size List Page 1 Australian Bird and Bat Banding Scheme Recommended Band Size List - Birds of Australia and its Territories Number 24 - May 2000 This list contains all extant bird species which have been recorded for Australia and its Territories, including Antarctica, Norfolk Island, Christmas Island and Cocos and Keeling Islands, with their respective RAOU numbers and band sizes as recommended by the Australian Bird and Bat Banding Scheme. The list is in two parts: Part 1 is in taxonomic order, based on information in "The Taxonomy and Species of Birds of Australia and its Territories" (1994) by Leslie Christidis and Walter E. Boles, RAOU Monograph 2, RAOU, Melbourne, for non-passerines; and “The Directory of Australian Birds: Passerines” (1999) by R. Schodde and I.J. Mason, CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, for passerines. Part 2 is in alphabetic order of common names. The lists include sub-species where these are listed on the Census of Australian Vertebrate Species (CAVS version 8.1, 1994). CHOOSING THE CORRECT BAND Selecting the appropriate band to use combines several factors, including the species to be banded, variability within the species, growth characteristics of the species, and band design. The following list recommends band sizes and metals based on reports from banders, compiled over the life of the ABBBS. For most species, the recommended sizes have been used on substantial numbers of birds. For some species, relatively few individuals have been banded and the size is listed with a question mark. In still other species, too few birds have been banded to justify a size recommendation and none is made.
    [Show full text]
  • National Recovery Plan for the Regent Honeyeater (Anthochaera Phrygia)
    National Recovery Plan for the Regent Honeyeater (Anthochaera phrygia) April 2016 1 The Species Profile and Threats Database pages linked to this recovery plan is obtainable from: http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/sprat/public/sprat.pl © Copyright Commonwealth of Australia, 2016. The National Recovery Plan for the Regent Honeyeater (Anthochaera phrygia) is licensed by the Commonwealth of Australia for use under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence with the exception of the Coat of Arms of the Commonwealth of Australia, the logo of the agency responsible for publishing the report, content supplied by third parties, and any images depicting people. For licence conditions see: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. This report should be attributed as ‘National Recovery Plan for the Regent Honeyeater (Anthochaera phrygia), Commonwealth of Australia 2016’. The Commonwealth of Australia has made all reasonable efforts to identify content supplied by third parties using the following format ‘© Copyright, [name of third party] ’. Disclaimer While reasonable efforts have been made to ensure that the contents of this publication are factually correct, the Commonwealth does not accept responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of the contents, and shall not be liable for any loss or damage that may be occasioned directly or indirectly through the use of, or reliance on, the contents of this publication. Image credits Front Cover: Regent honeyeaters in the Capertee Valley, NSW. (© Copyright, Dean Ingwersen). 2
    [Show full text]
  • Printable PDF Format
    Field Guides Tour Report Australia Part 2 2019 Oct 22, 2019 to Nov 11, 2019 John Coons & Doug Gochfeld For our tour description, itinerary, past triplists, dates, fees, and more, please VISIT OUR TOUR PAGE. Water is a precious resource in the Australian deserts, so watering holes like this one near Georgetown are incredible places for concentrating wildlife. Two of our most bird diverse excursions were on our mornings in this region. Photo by guide Doug Gochfeld. Australia. A voyage to the land of Oz is guaranteed to be filled with novelty and wonder, regardless of whether we’ve been to the country previously. This was true for our group this year, with everyone coming away awed and excited by any number of a litany of great experiences, whether they had already been in the country for three weeks or were beginning their Aussie journey in Darwin. Given the far-flung locales we visit, this itinerary often provides the full spectrum of weather, and this year that was true to the extreme. The drought which had gripped much of Australia for months on end was still in full effect upon our arrival at Darwin in the steamy Top End, and Georgetown was equally hot, though about as dry as Darwin was humid. The warmth persisted along the Queensland coast in Cairns, while weather on the Atherton Tablelands and at Lamington National Park was mild and quite pleasant, a prelude to the pendulum swinging the other way. During our final hours below O’Reilly’s, a system came through bringing with it strong winds (and a brush fire warning that unfortunately turned out all too prescient).
    [Show full text]