DOCSLIB.ORG

Investigations on Small Molecule Inhibitors Targeting the Histone H3K4 Tri-Methyllysine Binding PHD-finger of Jmjc Histone Demethylases

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Investigations on Small Molecule Inhibitors Targeting the Histone H3K4 Tri-Methyllysine Binding PHD-finger of Jmjc Histone Demethylases Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry xxx (2018) xxx–xxx Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/bmc Investigations on small molecule inhibitors targeting the histone H3K4 tri-methyllysine binding PHD-finger of JmjC histone demethylases Bhaskar Bhushan a,b,e, Alexandre Erdmann a,e, Yijia Zhang a, Roman Belle a, Catrine Johannson a,c, ⇑ Udo Oppermann c, Richard J. Hopkinson a,d, Christopher J. Schofield a, Akane Kawamura a,b, a Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom b Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom c Botnar Research Centre, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom article info abstract Article history: Plant homeodomain (PHD) finger containing proteins are important epigenetic regulators and are of Received 15 February 2018 interest as potential drug targets. Inspired by the amiodarone derivatives reported to inhibit the PHD Revised 10 March 2018 finger 3 of KDM5A (KDM5A(PHD3)), a set of compounds were synthesised. Amiodarone and its Accepted 18 March 2018 derivatives were observed to weakly disrupt the interactions of a histone H3K4me3 peptide with Available online xxxx KDM5A(PHD3). Selected amiodarone derivatives inhibited catalysis of KDM5A, but in a PHD-finger independent manner. Amiodarone derivatives also bind to H3K4me3-binding PHD-fingers from the Keywords: KDM7 subfamily. Further work is required to develop potent and selective PHD finger inhibitors. Epigenetics Ó 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http:// PHD-finger inhibitor Plant Homeodomain creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). JmjC-KDMs Histone demethylases Contents 1. Introduction . ....................................................................................................... 00 2. Results. ....................................................................................................... 00 2.1. Synthesis of AMI derivatives . .......................................................................... 00 2.2. Development of KDM5A(PHD3) AlphaScreen binding assay . ....................................................... 00 2.3. Inhibition of KDM5A demethylation activity by AMI derivatives . ....................................................... 00 2.4. Inhibition of H3K4me3-binding PHD-fingers of other JmjC-KDMs by AMI derivatives . .................................... 00 2.5. Inhibition of binding and catalytic activity of KDM7A/B(PHD-JmjC) by AMI derivatives . .................................... 00 3. Discussion. ....................................................................................................... 00 Acknowledgments. ........................................................................................ 00 Funding. ....................................................................................................... 00 A. Supplementary data . .................................................................................... 00 References . ....................................................................................................... 00 1. Introduction genetic marks’ are recognised and maintained by a diverse set of regulatory proteins and enzymes.1 The maintenance of these Most human genes are subject to epigenetic regulation, includ- marks is vital for the functioning and maintenance of cells, and ing by the post-translational modifications of histones. These ‘epi- their dysregulation is linked to multiple diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and developmental disorders.2–5 ⇑ Corresponding author. Plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers are C4HC3 type zinc-finger E-mail address: [email protected] (A. Kawamura). binding domains present in many chromatin-modifying pro- d Current address: Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology and teins.6,7 These small 50–10033 residue domains bind to histones Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom. e These authors contributed equally to this work. to enable the localisation of enzyme(s) to specific targets and https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2018.03.030 0968-0896/Ó 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Please cite this article in press as: Bhushan B., et al. Bioorg. Med. Chem. (2018), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2018.03.030 2 B. Bhushan et al. / Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry xxx (2018) xxx–xxx Fig. 1. PHD-finger domains associated with the JmjC-KDMs. A) Phylogenetic tree of the PHD-finger domains in human JmjC-KDM family proteins. Branch lengths are indicated as a cladogram, and recognized histone marks in green. B) Domain architectures of selected JmjC-KDMs with PHD-fingers. promote the recruitment of transcription factors or chromatin- retardation, and manifests reduced H3K4 demethylase activity.13 associated protein complexes.7 While the roles of many PHD- Overall, these results identify their PHD-finger domains to be fingers are unclear, some PHD-fingers recognise specific histone crucial to the KDM5 function(s) (both catalytic and non-catalytic), modifications, including non-methylated or methylated lysines and in addition to JmjC-targeting,22,23 suggest they are interesting (e.g., histone H3 at K4 and K9), arginines (e.g., H3R2me1/me2), targets for oncology. and acetylated lysines (e.g., H3K14).7,8 PHD-fingers can also func- By contrast to the catalytic domains of epigenetic proteins, (e.g., tion as allosteric modulators of the activities of associated DNA methyltransferases, histone deacetylases, histone methyl- enzymes. Mutations, deletions or chromosomal translocations of transferases, demethylases and bromodomains),24,25 chemical PHD-finger encoding genes are linked to a range of diseases, tools for PHD-fingers are lacking and progress towards inhibitor including cancer, immunodeficiency and neurological disorders;6,7 development has been limited.26,27 PHD-finger inhibitors will be thus PHD-fingers are important epigenetic regulators. useful in exploring their biological functions and therapeutic Histone modifying enzymes, such as in the Jumonji-C (JmjC) potential. domain-containing histone lysine demethylases (JmjC-KDMs), In 2012, Wagner et al. identified amiodarone (AMI), an antiar- sometimes contain multiple PHD-fingers (Fig. 1).9 The KDM5 sub- rhythmic drug, as an inhibitor of KDM5A(PHD3).26 Analogues of family of JmjC-KDMs (KDM5A-D) catalyses demethylation of the AMI (WAG-003, WAG-005) were reported to inhibit the binding transcriptionally activating tri- and di-methylated lysine-4 mark of KDM5A(PHD3) to H3K4me3 with IC50 values of 30 ± 14 mM on histone H3 (H3K4me3/2), and is generally associated with and 41 ± 16 mM, respectively, on the basis of a HaloTag-based pep- transcriptional repression.10–13 The KDM5s are associated with tide displacement assay, and supported by fluorescence polarisa- development and progression of multiple cancers,11,14 and can tion assay results.26 While WAG-003 also inhibited other mediate cancer cell drug tolerance and maintain tumour-initiating H3K4me3 binding domains (PHD in RAG and double tudor domain cells.15,16 KDM5A/B have three PHD-fingers (PHD1-3, numbered (DTD) in KDM4A), it showed modest selectivity over other tested sequentially from the N-terminus), whereas KDM5C/D have two. PHD-fingers and Tudor domains (AIRE PHD1, BHC80 PHD, UHRF1 The roles of KDM5 PHD-fingers are partially characterised: (TDD)). However, the mode of action of AMI derivatives and their KDM5A/B(PHD3) binds to H3K4me3, with decreasing affinity for potential effect on KDM5A catalytic activity was unclear. lower methylation states,17 whereas KDM5A/B(PHD1) recognizes We describe the synthesis of a series of AMI derivatives and H3K4me017 (demethylation product), and is implicated in structure-activity-relationship (SAR) studies on their KDM5A ‘allosteric’ activation of KDM5 catalysis.18 It is proposed that (PHD3) binding and H3K4me3 demethylation catalysis by KDM5A PHD3 of KDM5A/B directs the JmjC domain to the H3K4me3 site; (Fig. 2). The results reveal that, while AMI and its derivatives bind PHD1 binds to the demethylated product H3K4me0 and activates weakly to PHD-fingers of KDM5A and other PHD-fingers within the the JmjC domain through a positive-feedback mechanism. This is JmjC-KDMs, they also inhibit the demethylation activity in a PHD- thought to propagate the transcriptionally inactive state of chro- finger independent manner, suggesting AMI derivatives can act via matin by K4me3 removal along the H3K4me3-enriched promot- more than one binding mode. ers.17,18 KDM5A(PHD3) is implicated in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and forms a fusion protein with nucleoporin protein 98 2. Results (NUP98), a common translocation partner.19 This fused KDM5A (PHD3):NUP98 found in AML patients directs the ‘‘oncoprotein” 2.1. Synthesis of AMI derivatives to H3K4me3 promoter sites, inducing aberrant active transcription 20 leading to AML, as shown in cellular and animal models. PHD3 The AMI derivatives were synthesised as in Scheme 1.To mutations that disrupt H3K4me3 binding inhibit leukaemic trans- explore the importance of alkylation at the 20-position of the ben- 20 - formation. In ER breast cancers, KDM5A promotes progression zofuran
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Dual Recognition of H3k4me3 and H3k27me3 by a Plant Histone Reader SHL
    ARTICLE DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04836-y OPEN Dual recognition of H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 by a plant histone reader SHL Shuiming Qian1,2, Xinchen Lv3,4, Ray N. Scheid1,2,LiLu1,2, Zhenlin Yang3,4, Wei Chen3, Rui Liu3, Melissa D. Boersma2, John M. Denu2,5,6, Xuehua Zhong 1,2 & Jiamu Du 3 The ability of a cell to dynamically switch its chromatin between different functional states constitutes a key mechanism regulating gene expression. Histone mark “readers” display 1234567890():,; distinct binding specificity to different histone modifications and play critical roles in reg- ulating chromatin states. Here, we show a plant-specific histone reader SHORT LIFE (SHL) capable of recognizing both H3K27me3 and H3K4me3 via its bromo-adjacent homology (BAH) and plant homeodomain (PHD) domains, respectively. Detailed biochemical and structural studies suggest a binding mechanism that is mutually exclusive for either H3K4me3 or H3K27me3. Furthermore, we show a genome-wide co-localization of SHL with H3K27me3 and H3K4me3, and that BAH-H3K27me3 and PHD-H3K4me3 interactions are important for SHL-mediated floral repression. Together, our study establishes BAH-PHD cassette as a dual histone methyl-lysine binding module that is distinct from others in recognizing both active and repressive histone marks. 1 Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA. 2 Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA. 3 National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China.
    [Show full text]
  • Intact Nucleosomal Context Enables Chromodomain Reader
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.30.070136; this version posted April 30, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. Intact nucleosomal context enables chromodomain reader MRG15 to distinguish H3K36me3 from -me2 Sarah Faulkner1,2, Antony M. Couturier2, Brian Josephson1, Tom Watts1, Benjamin G. Davis1,3# and Fumiko Esashi2# 1 Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Rd, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom 2 Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, S Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom 3 The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Oxfordshire, OX11 0FA, United Kingdom #To whom correspondence should be addressed: [email protected] and [email protected] Keywords: chromodomain, H3K36 methylation, MRG15, nucleosome, SETD2 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.30.070136; this version posted April 30, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. Abstract A wealth of in vivo evidence demonstrates the physiological importance of histone H3 trimethylation at lysine 36 (H3K36me3), to which chromodomain-containing proteins, such as MRG15, bind preferentially compared to their dimethyl (H3K36me2) counterparts. However, in vitro studies using isolated H3 peptides have failed to recapitulate a causal interaction. Here, we show that MRG15 can clearly discriminate between synthetic, fully intact model nucleosomes containing H3K36me2 and H3K36me3. MRG15 docking studies, along with experimental observations and nucleosome structure analysis suggest a model where the H3K36 side chain is sequestered in intact nucleosomes via a hydrogen bonding interaction with the DNA backbone, which is abrogated when the third methyl group is added to form H3K36me3.
    [Show full text]
  • CHEMICAL GENETIC and EPIGENETICS: Chemical Probes for Methyl Lysine Reader Domains
    HHS Public Access Author manuscript Author ManuscriptAuthor Manuscript Author Curr Opin Manuscript Author Chem Biol. Author Manuscript Author manuscript; available in PMC 2017 August 01. Published in final edited form as: Curr Opin Chem Biol. 2016 August ; 33: 135–141. doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.06.004. CHEMICAL GENETIC AND EPIGENETICS: Chemical probes for methyl lysine reader domains Lindsey I. James and Stephen V. Frye Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 125 Mason Farm Road, Marsico Hall, UNC-Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7363 Abstract The primary intent of a chemical probe is to establish the relationship between a molecular target, usually a protein whose function is modulated by the probe, and the biological consequences of that modulation. In order to fulfill this purpose, a chemical probe must be profiled for selectivity, mechanism of action, and cellular activity, as the cell is the minimal system in which ‘biology’ can be explored. This review provides a brief overview of progress toward chemical probes for methyl lysine reader domains with a focus on recent progress targeting chromodomains. Introduction Advances in understanding the regulation of chromatin accessibility via post-translational modifications (PTMs) of histones have rejuvenated drug discovery directed toward modulation of transcription as the opportunities for pharmacological intervention are significantly better than direct perturbation of transcription factors [1–3]. Chemical biology is poised to play a central role in advancing scientific knowledge and assessing therapeutic opportunities in chromatin regulation. Specifically, cell penetrant, high-quality chemical probes that influence chromatin state are of great significance [4,5].
    [Show full text]
  • Methylation of Histone H3 at Lysine 4 Is Highly Conserved and Correlates with Transcriptionally Active Nuclei in Tetrahymena
    Methylation of histone H3 at lysine 4 is highly conserved and correlates with transcriptionally active nuclei in Tetrahymena Brian D. Strahl*, Reiko Ohba*, Richard G. Cook†, and C. David Allis*‡ *Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia Health Science Center, Charlottesville, VA 22908; and †Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 Communicated by Joseph G. Gall, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Baltimore, MD, October 15, 1999 (received for review May 18, 1999) Studies into posttranslational modifications of histones, notably acet- ences appear to exist (1, 10). Interestingly, each modified lysine ylation, have yielded important insights into the dynamic nature of has the capacity to be mono-, di-, or trimethylated, adding yet chromatin structure and its fundamental role in gene expression. The another level of variation to this posttranslational ‘‘mark’’ (1, 11). roles of other covalent histone modifications remain poorly under- The role(s) of histone methylation have remained elusive al- stood. To gain further insight into histone methylation, we investi- though several reports suggest that this modification may play a gated its occurrence and pattern of site utilization in Tetrahymena, functional role, albeit undefined, in gene transcription (11–14). yeast, and human HeLa cells. In Tetrahymena, transcriptionally active To date, little information exists on the major enzyme systems macronuclei, but not transcriptionally inert micronuclei, contain a responsible
    [Show full text]
  • Deregulation of Histone H3 Lysine 27 Methylation in Cancer—Different Paths, Same Destination
    Published OnlineFirst July 1, 2014; DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-13-2499 Clinical Cancer Molecular Pathways Research Molecular Pathways: Deregulation of Histone H3 Lysine 27 Methylation in Cancer—Different Paths, Same Destination Teresa Ezponda and Jonathan D. Licht Abstract Methylation of lysine 27 on histone H3 (H3K27me), a modification associated with gene repression, plays a critical role in regulating the expression of genes that determine the balance between cell differentiation and proliferation. Alteration of the level of this histone modification has emerged as a recurrent theme in many types of cancer, demonstrating that either excess or lack of H3K27 methylation can have oncogenic effects. Cancer genome sequencing has revealed the genetic basis of H3K27me deregulation, including mutations of the components of the H3K27 methyltransferase complex PRC2 and accessory proteins, and deletions and inactivating mutations of the H3K27 demethylase UTX in a wide variety of neoplasms. More recently, mutations of lysine 27 on histone H3 itself were shown to prevent H3K27me in pediatric glioblastomas. Aberrant expression or mutations in proteins that recognize H3K27me3 also occur in cancer and may result in misinterpretation of this mark. In addition, due to the cross-talk between different epigenetic modifications, alterations of chromatin modifiers controlling H3K36me, or even mutations of this residue, can ultimately regulate H3K27me levels and distribution across the genome. The significance of mutations altering H3K27me is underscored by the fact that many tumors harboring such lesions often have a poor clinical outcome. New therapeutic approaches targeting aberrant H3K27 methylation include small molecules that block the action of mutant EZH2 in germinal center-derived lymphoma.
    [Show full text]
  • Not All Designer Nucleosomes Are Created Equal: a Tale of Two Cysteines
    Not All Designer Nucleosomes are Created Equal: A Tale of Two Cysteines An EpiCypher™ White Paper by Martis Cowles, Ph.D.; Manager, Product Innovation Zu-Wen Sun, Ph.D.; Chief Scientific Officer February 15, 2016 Designer nucleosomes are semi-synthetic nucleosomes incorporating specific histone post-translational modifications (PTMs). These reagents represent a powerful new technol- ogy - critical in understanding chromatin biology and for the development of novel drug targets and precision therapeutics. Of the two currently used synthetic methods, native chemical ligation (NCL) yields superior nucleosome preparations compared to methyllysine analog (MLA). Whereas MLA attempts to mimic the native methyllysine, NCL allows for in- corporation of the actual PTM and is not limited to methyllysine. CONCLUSION: Designer nucleosomes generated by NCL are far more reliable substrates for in vitro biochemical assays than those generated by MLA. Lysine methyltransferases and human disease Methyltransferase enzymes are highly attractive therapeutic targets, as many are involved in the development of human diseases1,2,3. Nucleosomes are the fundamental repeating units of chroma- 1 tin, consisting of approximately 147 base pairs of DNA wrapped around a histone octamer consist- ing of 2 copies each of the core histones H2A, H2B, H3 and H43,4. Remarkably, this structure not only functions to efficiently package the genome but also regulates diverse cellular functions such as transcription, DNA repair, mRNA processing, and cellular differentiation5,6,7. These processes are controlled in part through reversible histone post-translational modifications (PTMs), which include methylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, and phosphorylation. PTM aberrations are associ- ated with many human pathologies ranging from cancers to immunodeficiency disorders8,9,10,11,12,13.
    [Show full text]
  • Distinct Mode of Methylated Lysine-4 of Histone H3 Recognition by Tandem Tudor-Like Domains of Spindlin1
    Distinct mode of methylated lysine-4 of histone H3 recognition by tandem tudor-like domains of Spindlin1 Na Yanga,1,2, Weixiang Wangb,1,3, Yan Wanga,c,1, Mingzhu Wanga, Qiang Zhaod, Zihe Raoa, Bing Zhub,2, and Rui-Ming Xua,2 aNational Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; bNational Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China; cUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; and dShanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China Edited by Dinshaw J. Patel, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, and approved September 17, 2012 (received for review May 20, 2012) Recognition of methylated histone tail lysine residues by tudor methylated histone peptides, the two most relevant ones to this domains plays important roles in epigenetic control of gene expres- study are the double tudor domains of JMJD2A and Sgf29 in sion and DNA damage response. Previous studies revealed the complex with H3K4me3 peptides (9, 12). binding of methyllysine in a cage of aromatic residues, but the Our cocrystal structure of Spindlin1 in complex with an H3K4me3 molecular mechanism by which the sequence specificity for sur- peptide encompassing residues 1–8 shows that the H3K4me3 is rounding histone tail residues is achieved remains poorly under- exclusively bound to the second tudor-like domain. Importantly, stood. In the crystal structure of a trimethylated histone H3 lysine both the binding mode of the methyllysine in the aromatic cage 4 (H3K4) peptide bound to the tudor-like domains of Spindlin1 and the manner by which the histone sequence specificity is ach- presented here, an atypical mode of methyllysine recognition by ieved differ from all known structures.
    [Show full text]
  • Quantitative Analysis of Histone Modifications: Formaldehyde Is a Source of Pathological N6- Formyllysine That Is Refractory to Histone Deacetylases
    Quantitative Analysis of Histone Modifications: Formaldehyde Is a Source of Pathological N6- Formyllysine That Is Refractory to Histone Deacetylases The MIT Faculty has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. Citation Edrissi, Bahar, Koli Taghizadeh, and Peter C. Dedon. “Quantitative Analysis of Histone Modifications: Formaldehyde Is a Source of Pathological N6-Formyllysine That Is Refractory to Histone Deacetylases.” Ed. James Swenberg. PLoS Genetics 9.2 (2013): e1003328. As Published http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1003328 Publisher Public Library of Science Version Final published version Citable link http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/78350 Terms of Use Creative Commons Attribution Detailed Terms http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ Quantitative Analysis of Histone Modifications: Formaldehyde Is a Source of Pathological N6- Formyllysine That Is Refractory to Histone Deacetylases Bahar Edrissi1, Koli Taghizadeh2, Peter C. Dedon1,2* 1 Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, 2 Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America Abstract Aberrant protein modifications play an important role in the pathophysiology of many human diseases, in terms of both dysfunction of physiological modifications and the formation of pathological modifications by reaction of proteins with endogenous electrophiles. Recent
    [Show full text]
  • Binding of Different Histone Marks Differentially Regulates the Activity and Specificity of Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2)
    Binding of different histone marks differentially regulates the activity and specificity of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) Chao Xua,1, Chuanbing Biana,1, Wei Yangb,1, Marek Galkac, Hui Ouyanga, Chen Chend, Wei Qiua, Huadong Liuc, Amanda E. Jonesb, Farrell MacKenziea, Patricia Pana,e, Shawn Shun-Cheng Lic,2, Hengbin Wangb,2, and Jinrong Mina,f,2 aStructural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1L7; bDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Kaul Human Genetics Building Room 430, 720 South 20th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294; cDepartment of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5C1; dSamuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1X5; eDepartment of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 2M9; and fDepartment of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 1A8 Edited by Tony Pawson, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Toronto, Canada, and approved September 14, 2010 (received for review June 23, 2010) The polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) is the major methyltrans- tional silencing through an unknown mechanism (11). In addition ferase for H3K27 methylation, a modification critical for maintain- to silencing Hox genes, the polycomb group complexes are also ing repressed gene expression programs throughout development. involved in X-inactivation, germ-line development, stem cell It has been previously shown that PRC2 maintains histone methyl- pluripotency and differentiation, and cancer metastasis (2). ation patterns during DNA replication in part through its ability to PRC2 complex contains four core components: EZH2, EED, bind to H3K27me3.
    [Show full text]
  • Distinct Mode of Methylated Lysine-4 of Histone H3 Recognition by Tandem Tudor-Like Domains of Spindlin1
    Distinct mode of methylated lysine-4 of histone H3 recognition by tandem tudor-like domains of Spindlin1 Na Yanga,1,2, Weixiang Wangb,1,3, Yan Wanga,c,1, Mingzhu Wanga, Qiang Zhaod, Zihe Raoa, Bing Zhub,2, and Rui-Ming Xua,2 aNational Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; bNational Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China; cUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; and dShanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China Edited by Dinshaw J. Patel, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, and approved September 17, 2012 (received for review May 20, 2012) Recognition of methylated histone tail lysine residues by tudor methylated histone peptides, the two most relevant ones to this domains plays important roles in epigenetic control of gene expres- study are the double tudor domains of JMJD2A and Sgf29 in sion and DNA damage response. Previous studies revealed the complex with H3K4me3 peptides (9, 12). binding of methyllysine in a cage of aromatic residues, but the Our cocrystal structure of Spindlin1 in complex with an H3K4me3 molecular mechanism by which the sequence specificity for sur- peptide encompassing residues 1–8 shows that the H3K4me3 is rounding histone tail residues is achieved remains poorly under- exclusively bound to the second tudor-like domain. Importantly, stood. In the crystal structure of a trimethylated histone H3 lysine both the binding mode of the methyllysine in the aromatic cage 4 (H3K4) peptide bound to the tudor-like domains of Spindlin1 and the manner by which the histone sequence specificity is ach- presented here, an atypical mode of methyllysine recognition by ieved differ from all known structures.
    [Show full text]
  • Reconstitution of Nucleosome Demethylation and Catalytic Properties of a Jumonji Histone Demethylase
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector Chemistry & Biology Brief Communication Reconstitution of Nucleosome Demethylation and Catalytic Properties ofaJumonjiHistoneDemethylase Carrie Shiau,1 Michael J. Trnka,2 Alen Bozicevic,3 Idelisse Ortiz Torres,1 Bassem Al-Sady,4 Alma L. Burlingame,2 Geeta J. Narlikar,4 and Danica Galonic Fujimori2,3,* 1Graduate Program in Chemistry and Chemical Biology 2Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry 3Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology 4Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA *Correspondence: [email protected] http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chembiol.2013.03.008 SUMMARY dent lysine-specific demethylase family consisting of LSD1 and LSD2 (Karytinos et al., 2009; Shi et al., 2004), as well as the Jumonji histone demethylases catalyze removal of iron- and a-ketoglutarate-dependent Jumonji C domain-con- methyl marks from lysine residues in histone proteins taining demethylases (Klose et al., 2006a; Kooistra and Helin, within nucleosomes. Here, we show that the catalytic 2012). The Jumonji family proteins catalyze a wide set of deme- domain of demethylase JMJD2A (cJMJD2A) utilizes thylation reactions on histone substrates, including removal of a distributive mechanism to remove the histone H3 methyl marks from H3 K4, H3 K9, H3 K27, H3 K36, and H4 lysine 9 trimethyl mark. By developing a method to K20 (Kooistra and Helin, 2012). Common to these proteins is their ability to oxidize methyl groups of methylated lysine sub- assess demethylation of homogeneous, site-specif- strates to form hemiaminal intermediates.
    [Show full text]
  • Two-Level Protein Methylation Prediction Using Structure Model- Based Features Wei Zheng 1,3,6, Qiqige Wuyun2,3,6, Micah Cheng4, Gang Hu 3* & Yanping Zhang5*
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Two-Level Protein Methylation Prediction using structure model- based features Wei Zheng 1,3,6, Qiqige Wuyun2,3,6, Micah Cheng4, Gang Hu 3* & Yanping Zhang5* Protein methylation plays a vital role in cell processing. Many novel methods try to predict methylation sites from protein sequence by sequence information or predicted structural information, but none of them use protein tertiary structure information in prediction. In particular, most of them do not build models for predicting methylation types (mono-, di-, tri-methylation). To address these problems, we propose a novel method, Met-predictor, to predict methylation sites and methylation types using a support vector machine-based network. Met-predictor combines a variety of sequence-based features that are derived from protein sequences with structure model-based features, which are geometric information extracted from predicted protein tertiary structure models, and are frstly used in methylation prediction. Met-predictor was tested on two independent test sets, where the addition of structure model-based features improved AUC from 0.611 and 0.520 to 0.655 and 0.566 for lysine and from 0.723 and 0.640 to 0.734 and 0.643 for arginine. When compared with other state-of-the-art methods, Met-predictor had 13.1% (3.9%) and 8.5% (16.4%) higher accuracy than the best of other methods for methyllysine and methylarginine prediction on the independent test set I (II). Furthermore, Met-predictor also attains excellent performance for predicting methylation types. Protein methylation is one of the most important post-translational modifcations1, which generally occurs at the lysine or arginine residues of a protein.
    [Show full text]