Government of Irrigation and water resource Department,U.P. PRE-FEASIBILITY REPORT

Construction of Barrage for Securing the Foundation of , Improvement in Water Level ,Beautification & Navigation at 1.50km D/S of Taj Mahal, , U.P.

Submitted to:

The Ministry of Environment Forest & Climate Change,

New

July 2018

Submitted by: Chief Engineer() ,-25

Irrigation and Water Resource Department, Uttar Pradesh

PRE-FEASIBILITY REPORT

Table of Contents

1. INTRODUCTION AND PROJECT BACKGROUND ...... 4 1.1 INTRODUCTION ...... 4

1.2 BACKGROUND...... 4

1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT ...... 6

1.4 LOCATION & CONNECTIVITY...... 6

2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION ...... 9

2.1 SALIENT FEATURES ...... Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.1 INDEX MAP ...... 14

2.3 LAND REQUIREMENT ...... 14

2.4 RAW MATERIAL REQUIREMENT ...... 15 2.5 MANPOWER REQUIREMENT ...... 15

2.6 WATER REQUIREMENT ...... 15

2.7 ENERGY REQUIREMENT ...... 16

2.8 GENERATION OF SOLID AND LIQUID WASTE ...... 16

2.9 FACILITIES AT PROJECT SITE...... 16

2.10 CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE ...... 16

2.11 PROJECT COST ESTIMATE ...... 16

3. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ...... 19

4. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASPECTS ...... 19 4.1 PHYSICAL FEATURE ...... 19

4.2 TOPOGRAPHY ...... 19

4.3 CLIMATIC CONDITION ...... 20

4.4 LAND USE PATTERN ...... 21

4.5 SEISMICITY AND EARTHQUAKE ...... 21

4.6 GEOLOGY ...... 21

4.7 DRAINAGE ...... 22

P a g e | 2 4.8 RIVER SYSTEM ...... 22 4.9 HYDROGEOLOGY...... 22

4.10 FLORA AND FAUNA ...... 23

5. PROJECT BENEFITS ...... 25

6. ANALYSIS OF PROPOSAL ...... Error! Bookmark not defined.24

Irrigation and Water Resource Department, Uttar Pradesh

PRE-FEASIBILITY REPORT

1. INTRODUCTION AND PROJECT BACKGROUND

1.1 INTRODUCTION

Agra is an important historical city of situated on the right bank of the river Yamuna. A large number of rich monuments in the city untold the medieval period. The place is a great attraction not only to scholarly but in a very large measure to the tourists from all parts of the world. Thus Agra has developed in to one of the most important tourist centres of the country. The Taj Mahal is the focal point which is daily visited by several thousand people from all walks of life from the whole world. The idea of beautifying the surroundings of the Taj is under consideration from a long time. Water front is always fascinating. Hence, there has been a proposal to create a lake by constructing a low height barrage on river Yamuna, 1.5 km down stream of Tajmahal. Construction of Barrage for the creation of water front at Taj is essential to restore the beauty of Taj as it was in ancient Mughal Period. The construction of Barrage at 1.5Km downstream of barrage will not only improve the Tajmahal area from aesthetic point of view but will also facilitate the boating, navigation and water sports in the river, improvement in ground water level. The boating shall be provided in such a way that the tourists can enjoy the beauty of Ancient Ghats, Ram Bagh, Atmadaulla and Taj Mahal during boating. The barrage which shall also consist of two Lane Bridge. By constructing connecting road it will ease the traffic of city After the construction of Barrage the environment of nearby area will improve significantly. The ground water level is also likely to go up. Due to ponding acquaintance will develop and the humidity of the atmosphere is expected to increase, which will decrease the dryness and hotness of atmosphere resulting in major improvement of Taj Trapezium area. The development of green belt around the pond will improve the environment.

The main object of this project is to create storage of water at all the time in Dry River, Improvement of the ground water level in Agra, valued or non-valued navigation through river routes reducing the pressure on other mode of transport. The development of green belt around the pond will improve the environment around the smart city of Agra and the Taj Mahal, which is a “World Heritage Monument”.

1.2 BACKGROUND

The river Yamuna originates from Yamunotri Glacier in the lower Himalayas. The river with its total flow length of 1376km, travels through number of historical, religious and big cities

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like Saharanpur, Delhi, , , Agra, Kanpur, Hamirpur and merges into river Ganga at Allahabad. The Agra city situated on the right bank of river Yamuna, is on the most important tourist and pilgrimage centre of the country and have a large number of monuments in the catchment down stream of . All the water available in Yamuna River is diverted into the canal from Hathnikund barrage at U.P. border. From downstream of Hathnikund barrage, water released to Okhla barrage i.e. diverted in for irrigation purpose of Haryana, U.P. and for B.T.P.S/NTPC Delhi/ and specified quantity of water release in downstream of Yamuna river for barrage at Mathura, which is supplied as drinking water Mathura city . Resulting is that, from downstream of to downstream of Taj Mahal, the general hydrology shows that during lean period river has low discharge as practically NIL to few thousands cusecs at different locations in Non-monsoon period. In monsoon water varies from 1.00 lac to 3.50 lacs cusecs, it reveals that the river carries inadequate discharge during monsoon from July to October months. Hence there has been a proposal to create a lake by constructing a low height barrage for the purpose of beautification, raising of ground water level and navigation route. Honourable Chief minister , Uttar Pradesh Government has announce to construct a barrage on river Yamuna at 1.5 Km Downstream of Tajmahal on 26.10.2017. (Announcement No. YAL-18/2017 Sl. No. GH11Y000040 ). Since it was demanded by various Jan Pratinidhi and recommended by various committee including parliament committee since long time. After that a Detail Project Report has been prepared costing Rs.706.00 crore. The Project has been approved by Departmental Chief Engineers Committee. The Length of Barrage is 475m . the 22 bay is proposed in 475m length of Barrage. As Yamuna River from Delhi to Allahabad has been declared the National Waterway No.110, Two bay has been proposed for navigation purpose and shall be constructed as per requirement of Inland Waterway Authority of India.The pond level of Barrage has been kept 146.00 m . Archaeological Survey of India has recommended the level of 146.00m as it the safe level for Tajmahal and other monument situated at bank of river Yamuna.The crest Level of Barrage is 143.50 metre. Hence approx. 2.5 metre height in Barrage is proposed. The propose Barrage consist of following. 1. Main Barrage 2. Two Nos. Navigation Channel 3. Control Room premises at bank of Yamuna River. 4. Guide Bund of Length around 500 m at both banks.

Irrigation and Water Resource Department, Uttar Pradesh

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1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

There is a perennial shortage of water in the Yamuna during lean months of January to June, as all the major towns situated along its course depends and drawing water from the river. Therefore, there is very little water available behind the Taj Mahal, which is confined in a narrow stream. It paints a very unattractive picture adjacent to such a great monument. The main objectives of this project are as follows:

 To create storage of water at all the time in dry river behind Taj.

 To recharge the ground water level

 Navigation

 Water ponding near foundation of Taj Mahal

 beautification surrounding the Taj Mahal

 providing a bridge/roadway along with proposed barrage for reducing the traffic density

1.4 LOCATION & CONNECTIVITY

The nearest Railway Station is Agra cant at a distance of 10km. The nearest airport is Kheria Airport, Agra, at a distance of 13km from the site. The Administrative head quarter of the district is in Agra city. The Administrative headquarter lies between Longitude 27 11’00” N and Latitude 77 4’00” E. The barrage site is located 1.50km downstream of Taj Mahal across Yamuna River near Village Nagla Paima, Tajganj, Agra. The location and accessibility map is provided in follwing Figure 1.1

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Irrigation and Water Resource Department, Uttar Pradesh

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Proposed Location of Barrage at 1.5 Km Downtream of Tajmahal

Figure 1-1: Location of the Barrage on Google Earth

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2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1 SALIENT FEATURES

The construction of barrage is proposed 1.50km downstream of Taj Mahal across Yamuna River. The location of proposed barrage is at Latitude 27011’05.2” N and Longitude 78003’16.5” E. It is proposed to create storage of water all the time in dry river, recharging the ground water and provision of navigation through river routes as it has been declared National Waterway No. 110 between Delhi to Allahabad, thus reducing the pressure on the other mode of transport, development of green belt around the pond will improve the environment around the Taj Mahal, which is a world Heritage Monument. Total length of bay is 475 metre, total number and type of gates are 20 vertical gates and two nos. Navigation bay for provision of navigation lock gate. The cost of work is Rs. 706.83 crores and approved /sanctioned by Chief Engineers committee of U.P. Irrigation and Water Resources Department, dated 06.04.2018. The estimated time of Project completion is of 2 years. The B.C. ratio of project is 0.27.

Table 2-1: Salient Features of the Project

1. Name of the project, CONSTRUCTION OF CONVENTIONAL BARRAGE FOR SECURING THE FOUNDATION OF TAJMAHAL,IMPROVEMENT IN WATER LEVEL OF AGRA,BEAUTIFICATION,NAVIGATION ON RIVER YAMUNA AT 1.50 KM D/S OF TAJMAHAL,AGRA

2. Type of project (Irrigation or Multipurpose (Maintaining Water Level behind multipurpose) Taj,Water Conservation, Improvement in Ground Water Level, Navigation,)

3. Location D/S Yamuna of Tajmahal at Agra

4 River Basin Yamuna

(a) Name Yamuna

(b) Located in 1.50 Km Downstream of Tajmahal Agra (c) State(s) Uttar Pradesh

(d)Countries (if international river) India

5 River/Tributary Yamuna River , Tributary of Ganga river

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PRE-FEASIBILITY REPORT 6 State(s)/District(s)/Taluka(s) or Tahsil- Sadar, District – Agra, Uttar Pradesh, Tehsils in which following are located:

(a)Reservoir 1.50 Km Downstream of Tajmahal Agra

(b)Headwork 1.50 Km Downstream of Tajmahal Agra

(c)Command Area Nil

7 Name of village near the Head- Garhi Chandini & Nagla Paima works

8 Location of Head-works

(a)Longitude 27011’05.2” N

(b)Latitude 78003’16.5” E

(c)Lies in Earthquake Zone-No. III

9 Project area reference Survey of Toposheet No. G44A/4 India Topo sheet

10 Access to the project

(a)Airport Kheriya Airport

(b)Rail head Agra Cantt Railway Station

(c)Road Head Agra

(d)Sea port Mumbai

11. International/interstate aspects of the project

(a)Catchments area of the basin 19500 Sq. km

(b)Submergence due to project Since the pond level is below the High Flood Level.The total height of barrage is 2.50 m with pond level 146.00m and crest level 143.50 m .Hence The Submerged area will be within the main river cross section. No additional land will be required for submergence area. Only in lean season the water level shall be maintained behind the Taj and upstream area by the barrage.The total submerged area including river bed will be around 580 Hectare. (i)In the state Uttar Pradesh

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PRE-FEASIBILITY REPORT 12. Upstream projects Gokul barrage

Irrigation, Water, Thermal, Water supply Industrial. Hydro Power

(i)Projects completed Completed

(ii)Projects under construction -

(iii)Future projects -

(iv)Any other -

13. Downstream projects -

14 (a) Proposed annual utilization by Maintaining Water Level behind Taj, Water the project Conservation, Improvement in Ground Water Level, Navigation

(b)Minimum agreed/proposed flow Shall be maintained as recommended by Environment in the river for maintaining ecology department.

15. Estimated life of the project (year) 50Year

16. Irrigation (ha.) Not applicable

17. Flood control Not applicable

18. Navigation

(a)Location of the navigable reach 1.50 km Downstream of Tajmahal at Agra

(b)Length of the navigable reach From Gokul barrage of Tajmahal

(c)Total tonnage of goods tobe 5.84 lac tone carried annually

(d)Expected passenger traffic 50000 nos (annual)

18 Water supply Not applicable

19. Domestic Not applicable

20. Industrial Not applicable

21. Project performance

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PRE-FEASIBILITY REPORT (a)Irrigation Not applicable

(b)Power Not applicable

(c)Flood control Not applicable

(d)Water supply Not applicable

(e)Navigation is to be developed

22. Hydrology

23. Catchments area at headwork site- 19500 sqkm sq.km

24. Historical-period of record from 1992 to 2012 1992To2012

(a)Maximum water level (m) 154.920 m at CWC site Poiya Ghat, Agra

25. Estimated Flood 50Year return 11000m3/s period

26. Design flood (m3/s) 11000m3/s

27. Infiltration in the reservoir Upto 15 km but in the main river cross section

28. Length (m) 475m

29. Height (m) 2.50 m with pond level 146.0 m and crest level 143.50 m

30. Spillway bays

(a)Total length (m) 398m

(b)Full pond level (m) 146.00m

(c)Maximum water level (m) 154.06m

(d)Maximum-height of spillway 143.50m crest above deepest foundation(m)

(e)Length of bay(m) 398m

(f)Crest level (m) 143.50m

(g)Number and Type of gates 22 Vertical Gates

(h)Type of energy dissipation Stilling pool arrangement

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PRE-FEASIBILITY REPORT (i)Maximum discharging capacity 11000 m3/s

(j)Tail water level (EI-m) 143.20m

31. Under Sluice Bays Also Navigation

(a)Total length (m) 110

(b)Crest level (m) 142.50m

(c)Sill level(m) 142.50m

(d)Number of gates 6

(e)Type of gates Rectangular Opening

(f)Type of energy dissipation arrangement

(g)Maximum discharging capacity 3208m3/s (from all 6 gates) of under sluices

32. Guide bunds/afflux bunds

(a)Guide bunds Guide bundh shall be provided at both banks of river

(i)Upstream Left Top level 155.56m

(ii)Downstream Right Top level 155.56m

(b)Afflux bunds Not applicable

(c)Other protective works (if any) Not applicable

33. Cost Rs.706.83 Crores

34. Benefit cost ratio 0.27

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PRE-FEASIBILITY REPORT 2.2 INDEX MAP

Proposed Location of Barrage at 1.5 Km Downtream of Tajmahal

Figure 2-1: Index Map of the Project 2.3 LAND REQUIREMENT

The land requirement for the project is 30 hectare as details below-

Area Sl Details of Land (Hectare) 1 Main Barrage 7.5

2 Control Room, Office, Operational staff premises 7.5 3 Guide Bund 5.0 4 Road to connect nearby road 10.0 Total 30 Hectare

Out of these 30 Hectare , around 7.30 Hectare land needs to be acquired from private agriculture land for different component of project.

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Since the pond level is below the High Flood Level.The total height of barrage is 2.50 m with pond level 146.00m and crest level 143.50 m .Hence The Submerged area will be within the main river cross section. No additional land will be required for submergence area. Only in lean season the water level shall be maintained behind the Taj and upstream area by the barrage.The total submerged area including river bed will be around 580 Hectare.

2.4 RAW MATERIAL REQUIREMENT

The construction materials mainly including cement, sand, coarse aggregates, revetment stones, reinforcement steel and structural steel are required for construction of barrage including bridge/roadway. The construction material to the extent mentioned below will be procured from respective sources to the work sites. Slight variation is possible after detailed drawing/design preparation.

Table 2-2: Details of Material Requirement

Material Quantity Cement 53303 MT Stone Chips 103789.00 cubic mtr Sand 55675.00 cubic mtr Boulder 33680.00 cubic mtr

2.5 MANPOWER REQUIREMENT

As the course of the project involve different components ,Locally available manpower shall be utilized in the nearest place of work. Unskilled, Semi-Skilled & Skilled personnel will be deployed along the entire stretch of the project. The labours can be hired from the surrounding areas, if available. 2.6 WATER REQUIREMENT

The total quantity of water required during construction period is 142 KLD (100 KLD for construction purpose and 42 KLD for domestic purpose). Water requirement during construction stage will be met from surface water.

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PRE-FEASIBILITY REPORT 2.7 ENERGY REQUIREMENT

Power requirement during construction phase is 200 KVA. Power to various lift points is to be availed from the Local Electrical distribution agency M/s Torrent Power Ltd. ,Agra. 2.8 GENERATION OF SOLID AND LIQUID WASTE

The municipal solid waste generated during construction will be about 115 kg/day considering the entire project and it will be managed &handled in accordance with Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016. 2.9 FACILITIES AT PROJECT SITE

Proper site services such as First Aid, Canteen / Rest Shelter, Drinking Water will be provided to the construction workers. Various facilities to be provided during construction and operation of the project are as follows:

1. Electricity will be provided by transmission lines.

2. Potable drinking water will be provided to the workers by tankers during construction.

3. To provide the first aid for any sort of injuries encountered during the operation, one first aid room will be provided. First aid kit and sufficient stock of material / medicines needed for first aid shall be provided as per requirement.

4. Construction workers engaged in areas of the project will be provided with LPG for cooking purpose to prevent possible tree felling for firewood.

2.10 CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE

The Barrage and its various components like Barrage, Navigation bay, guide bund, Control Room etc. is planned to complete in 24 months from the date of signing agreement.

2.11 PROJECT COST ESTIMATE

The estimated project cost is INR 706.83 crore. The break-up of cost is detailed in Table 2.3.

Table 2-3: Break-up of Project Cost Sl. No. Major Head Minor Head sub Head Cost

1 A- Preliminary 318.33 2 B- Land 18886.40 3 C- Work 31833.37 4 M- Plantation 318.33

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PRE-FEASIBILITY REPORT Sl. No. Major Head Minor Head sub Head Cost

5 P- Maintenance 318.33 6 Mark F 3108.33 7 Mark M Miscellaneous 134.50 8 Mark OR 825.52 9 Total 55742.79 Operation and maintenance including manpower and electricity @3% per year of Civil Works for 10 years 9550.01 Provision of an amount or Rs 10.00 crores has been made for strengthening/augmentation of the training works may be undertaken if any tendency of shifting if the deep channel is indicated, for a few years after the construction of the works. A committee of experts in the field may be constituted for this purpose. 1000.00 Add 6.875 % Charge 3832.32 Cess @ 1% on Cost of Work 557.43 Total Cost 70682.54 Say 706.83

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3. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

The main objective of barrage is to maintain water level behind the Tajmahal at every season. Due to this , The barrage is proposed at Downstream of Tajmahal. This location pertains on straight reach of river . Below this point the river is meandering. Hence the location selected is suitable to fulfil its objectives

4. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASPECTS

4.1 PHYSICAL FEATURE

The average elevation of is about 169 meter above the mean sea level Agra. Agra is a city on the banks of the river Yamuna in the northern state of Uttar Pradesh, India. It is 330 kilometres west of the state capital, Lucknow, 206 kilometres south of the national capital New Delhi, 58 kilometres south of Mathura and 125 kilometres north of Gwalior. Agra is one of the most populous cities in Uttar Pradesh, and the 24th most populous in India .

Agra is a major tourist destination because of its many Mughal-era buildings, most notably the Taj Mahal, and Fatehpūr Sikrī, all of which are UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Agra is included on the Golden Triangle tourist circuit, along with Delhi and Jaipur; and the Uttar Pradesh Heritage Arc, tourist circuit of UP state, along Lucknow and Varanasi. Agra falls within the Braj cultural region.

4.2 TOPOGRAPHY

The city of Agra is in Uttar Pradesh, which is a state located in the northern part of India. It is located at a distance of about 206 kilometres from New Delhi, which is the capital city of the Indian Republic. In geographical terms, the exact location of the city of Agra is 27.10° north and 78.05° east. The city of Agra is situated along the banks of the River Yamuna, one of the premier rivers in the nation. The city is located at an average altitude of 169 meters above the sea level. The geography of Agra is such that it is surrounded by the city of Mathura on the northern side. To the south of Agra is Dhaulpur. is located on the eastern side of the city of Agra. Fatehabad lies on the south-eastern side of Agra city. To the west of Agra lies Bharatpur. The city of Agra forms a part of the great northern plains. On the basis of landmass, Agra is the third largest city in the state of Uttar Pradesh. The modern city of Agra was founded way back in the 16th century. It was founded by

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PRE-FEASIBILITY REPORT Sikandar Lodhi, who was a king of the Lodhi dynasty. Under the ruling of the Mughal dynasty, Agra was considered to be one of the most powerful and influential cities in India in the medieval period.

4.3 CLIMATIC CONDITION

Agra features a semiarid climate that borders on a humid subtropical climate. The city features mild winters, hot and dry summers and a monsoon season. However, the monsoons, though substantial in Agra, are not quite as heavy as the monsoon in other parts of India. This is a primary factor in Agra featuring a semiarid climate as opposed to a humid subtropical climate.

Mean maximum temperature varies from 10.9 to 24.8 0C, whereas mean minimum temperature varies from 2.8 to 16.2 0C. July and August months receives maximum rainfall. NE&SW is the pre-dominant Wind Direction. Climate of Agra has been detailed in Table 4.1.

Table 4.1: Climatology of the District

Mean Mean Pre- Mean Monthly min. R.H.at R.H.at wind dominant Month max. Rainfall temp (0 8:30 (%) 17:30 (%) speed Wind temp (0C) (mm) C) (Km/h) Direction January 10.9 2.8 66.4 54 67 2.9 SW & S February 11.9 3.7 75.3 55 55 3.5 SW & NE March 15.8 7 81.2 50 57 4.2 SW & NE April 20.5 11.4 60.8 46 47 3.6 SW & NE May 24.1 14.6 90.3 49 48 3.6 NE & SW June 24.8 16.2 181.9 64 62 2.8 NE & SW July 22.6 15.9 329.8 86 85 1.8 NE & SW August 22 15.5 320.4 88 88 1.2 NE & SW September 22.1 14.1 142.3 75 79 1.7 NE & S October 20.3 11.1 36.7 53 63 2.2 NE & SW November 16.7 7.8 18.4 48 61 2.3 NE & SW December 13.5 5.1 24.2 46 60 2.8 NE & SW Average 18.8 10.4 1427.7 60 65 2.7 Total Source: IMD Climatological Normals, 1981-2010

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4.4 LAND USE PATTERN

The total area of the Agra district is 4027 sq. km., out of which 3835.20 sq. km. is rural, and 191.80 sq. km. urban. The total reported area is 398970 hectare, out of which 70.88% is under cultivation. The remaining 29.5% area is mainly in the form of barren culturable waste land, fallow land, other fallow land, barren unculturable land, and land used other than agriculture. With proper scientific approach (i.e. land and water management), the present culturable waste land and barren land may be developed in future for agriculture purposes Table–IV.

4.5 SEISMICITY AND EARTHQUAKE

The project area lies within Seismic Zone-III as per seismic zoning map of India (IS: 1893:2002). Therefore, high magnitude earthquakes are not expected. As of now there are no major cyclone damages in the region. Structures will be designed following relevant IS codes taking into consideration of earthquake, floods etc.

4.6 GEOLOGY

The District is mostly covered by a thick pile of Quaternary sediments with restricted patches of rocks of Vindhyan Supergroup. Vindhyan Supergroup consists of rocks of Bhander Group, which includes white to purple quartz arenite, medium to fine grained purplish to reddish spotted and laminated sandstone with intermittent partings of shale, shale-pebble-

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PRE-FEASIBILITY REPORT conglomerate, siltstone and greenish sandstone. Quaternary sediments has been classified into (1) Older Alluvium and (2) Newer alluvium. The Older Alluvium is represented by Varanasi Alluvium of Middle to Late Pleistocene age. Newer Alluvium of Holocene age comprises to unit’s viz, (1) Terrace Alluvium and (2) ChannelAlluvium. Varanasi Alluvium is a polycyclic sequence of oxidised, brownish yellow silt-clay with kankar dissemination’s and grey to brown fine to medium grained, micaceous and showing laminations, ripply marks and cross bedding. It has been further classified into silt-clay facies and sandy facies. Silt-clay facies cover major part of the district. Terrace Alluvium is exposed along the Yamuna and Gambhir Rivers. It comprises grey micaceous and fine to medium grained sand and grey silt-clay. Channel Alluvium is confined to the present banks of the Yamuna, Chambal and Gambhir rivers. It comprises grayish white to red colored, fine to coarse-bedded micaceous and with thin capping of flood silt at places. The District has three geotechnical provinces viz. Alluvium Residual soil and Older sedimentaries. Alluvium and Residual soil, both have cumulative high permeability, low bearing capacity, compressive strength in the range of 1 to 2 kg/cm2 and poor foundation characteristics.

4.7 DRAINAGE The total geographical area of the district is 4027 Sq. km. There is about 35379 Hectare of Forest in the District. The drainage system of the area is controlled by the river Yamuna and its tributaries. All the rivers are mainly flowing in accordance with the general slope of the land surface viz. northwest to south east, therefore it is consequent types and broadly exhibiting the 'Dendritic type' of drainage pattern. The main southern bank tributaries of the Yamuna river are Utangan or Gambhir& Khari. The Chambal river is also a very important perennial tributary of Yamuna flowing from West to East forming the southeastern boundary of the district. The Chulhai, Lohenrhi, Bisundri and Kowar are the main tributaries of Utangan river draining the rocky terrain of block in the southwestern parts of the area. The Khari Nadi is also a tributary of Utangan draining the parts of and Shamsabad tehsils. The Karoan is a seasonal northern bank tributary of the Yamuna draining the northeastern parts of the study area. The comparatively high lands, situated in the middle parts of the of Yamuna-Khari, Khari-Utangan and Yamuna-Chambal, are acting as the water divides. The ravenous areas along the northern bank of Chambal and along the southern bank of Yamuna under tehsil has intricate network of minor rivulets and gullies through which the drainage of the surface water during monsoon periods takes place. It has been observed that discharge of Chambal river in summer is comparatively more than the Yamuna river.

4.8 RIVER SYSTEM

The area of the Agra district occupies marginal alluvial plain of Yamuna and Chambal rivers. 4.9 HYDROGEOLOGY

The aquifers system of the study area is made up mainly of the alluvial sandy facies in the form of granular zones of sands, gravels and rock particles occasionally mixed with kankars. These aquifers have good permeability and transmissivity due to the interconnected pore spaces and interstices between the sand grains and gravels.The

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PRE-FEASIBILITY REPORT aquifers of the study area existing in between 21 meter to 220 mbgl have the transmissivity (T) varying from 25 to 1205 m2/day. The storavity (S) values vary from 4.8×10E-6 to 8.5×10E-4. . The clayey facies, mainly constituted of clays occasionally mixed with silt and kankar, occur in the form of beds and lenses. These beds and lenses have very insignificant permeability and transmissivity values, hence act as the confining layers or hard-pans. These confining layers of the clayey facies and the granular zones of the sandy facies are more or less occurring in an alternating pattern, and hence provide a multi layered framework to the aquifer system. The upper most phreatic aquifer exhibits water table conditions, whereas comparatively deeper aquifers are semi- confined to confined type. The phreatic or water table aquifers are mainly recharged by rainfall, and seepage from surface water bodies viz. canals, lakes and ponds etc. The withdrawal of ground water from these aquifers is mainly made through the shallow tubewells of cavity/strainer type, borings, hand pumps and dug wells etc. The base flow of the perennial rivers/tributaries and the water requirements of the deep-rooted phreatophitic plants are also met by this upper most phreatic aquifer system. The unconfined aquifers are comparatively more sensitive to the seasonal and environmental changes. The deeper aquifers existing in between the prominent confining layers are under semi-confined to confined conditions, generally encountered below the depth of 50 mbgl. A perusal of subsurface geological sections there is by and large, two tier Aquifer system of the semiconfined to confined aquifers occurring down to the depth of 231 mbgl. In the marginal alluvial plains lying in the southwestern parts of the district under the Jagnair and blocks, only the upper tier of the semi-confined to confined aquifer system along with the upper most phreatic aquifer system exist where as the deeper second tier of the semi-confined to confined aquifer system is missing. In these two blocks, the ground water in the isolated hillocks, ridge and platues of Vindhyan sand stones/quartzites, generally occur in the joint planes,fractures and rocky residual materials of weathered mantle, and have very feeble prospects of ground water development for major water requirements.

4.10 FLORA AND FAUNA

FLORA – The flora of district is divided into three geographer categories viz. the ravined lands along the Yamuna and the Chambal, the non-ravined lands including the Yamuna-Chambal and the xerophytic areas of tehsil . In the first, xerophytic shrubs and stunted trees are also met with, the most common species being reonj (Acacialeucophloea), cheonkar (Prosopisspicigera),hins (Capparis horrid), pilua ( Salvadoraoleoides), arusa (Adhatodavasica), khajur (Phoenix species), hingota (Balanitesroxburghii), kari (Dichrostachyscivera), kakraunda (Carissa spicigera), chapat (Grewiaflavescens), kairukha (Diosphyroscardifolia), makoh (Zizyphusoenoplia), jharberi (Zizyphusnumularia) and ber (Zizyphusxylocarpus). The tops of the ravines are arid and barren and contain the more zerophytic species like kakril (Capparisaphylla) whereas the nullah beds and sides carry comparatively more vegetation of a less xerophytic character. The first six species that grow in the ravined lands are also found along the nullah

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PRE-FEASIBILITY REPORT beds and milder slopes. The vegetation is denser and richer in the parts of the ravines near the rivers but the parts further away are either barren or sparse in vegetation. In such areas useless grasses like safedlappa (Artistdaadscensionis) are found along with patches of bhanjura (Aphudamutica), chhotijargi (Bothriochloapertusa), jargu (Dichnthium annulateum), mueel (Iscilemalexumq) dab (Demostachyacipinnta), anjana (Ceuchrusciliaris) and doob. The ravine along the left bank of the Yamuna are less barren than those in the Yamuna-Chambal doab and on the right bank of the Chambal pilua (Salvadoraoleoides) occurs profusely and grows to a large size. The Yamuna-Chambal doab is almost devoid of any of these forest trees and is under cultivation. Groove lands of mango, khini (Manilkara hexandra) and buron (Krataevareligiosa) often occur in this area. In the dry and ravined areas of tehsil Kheragarh the same xerophytic species are two to six miles found as in the ravined lands, the southern part of this area being almost a desert. Forest plantations of babul, sheesham (Dalberjiasissoo), siris (Albizzialabbek) and neem (Azadirachtaindica) have been raised in blocks in all these three botanical divisions. Fauna – The natural habitat for wild life is not uniform in all parts of the district. The forest cover is less in the and Agra Sadar tehsils , where as it is more in the tehsils boarding either Madhya Pradesh or Rajasthan. The wild life of the district is more varied to the south of the Yamuna, particularly in the neighbourhood of the ravines along this river and the Chambal and in the hill tracts adjacent to Fatehpur Sikri and Kheragarh but birds are not found in great numbers due to the lack of cover and the sparse vegetation. The species met with are those that prefer wide open spaces rather than dense jungle. The most commonly seen animal is the nilgai or the blue bull (Boselaphustragocamelus). Foxes (Vulpesbengalensis) are also found in the district but are not very common. Small population of wolves is found in forest area. In Bah tehsil, Tigers and leopards were seen. Hyenas, wolves, jackals and foxes are found in the ravines of the tehsil. The ravine deer and nilgai are found in the tehsil, the former being found in both ravines and upland and the later found in the areas adjacent to ravines. In Kiraoli tehsil nilgais are also found.

4.11 DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE

An official Census 2011 detail of Agra, a district of Uttar Pradesh has been released by Directorate of Census Operations in Uttar Pradesh. Enumeration of key persons was also done by census officials in Agra District of Uttar Pradesh. In 2011, Agra had population of 4,418,797 of which male and female were 2,364,953 and 2,053,844 respectively. Agra had a population of 3,620,436 of which males were 1,961,282 and remaining 1,659,154 were females. 4.12 ADMINISTRATIVE SET UP

The Agra district is divided into Six Tehsils and 15 Blocks. Total number of Nayay Panchayats in the district are 114 while Gram Sabhas stands at 636. The total populated villages are 904. The total number of police stations in the district are 41 out of which 16 are in Urban area and 25 are in Rural area. There are 6 tehsils in Agra they are as under - Agra Sadar, Bah, Etmadpur, Fatehabad, Kheragarh, Kiraoli. There are 15 Blocks as given below:

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PRE-FEASIBILITY REPORT Achnera, Akola,Bah,,,Etmadpur,Fatehabad, Fatehpur Sikri,Jagner,Jaitpur Kalan,Khandauli,Kheragarh,Pinhat,saiyyan & Shamshabad.

5. PROJECT BENEFITS

The main benefits of this project are as follows:

 To create storage of water at all the time in dry river behind Taj.

 To recharge the ground water level

 Navigation

 Water ponding near foundation of Taj Mahal

 beautification surrounding the Taj Mahal

 providing a bridge/roadway along with proposed barrage for reducing the traffic density

6. CONCLUSION

The main object of this project is to create storage of water at all the time in Dry River, re-charging the ground water thus providing clean drinking water in the vicinity of Agra, valued or non-valued navigation through river routes reducing the pressure on other mode of transport. The development of green belt around the pond will improve the environment around the smart city of Agra and the Taj Mahal, which is a “World Heritage Monument”.

After the construction of Barrage the environment of nearby area will improve significantly. The ground water level is also likely to go up. Due to ponding acquaintance will develop and the humidity of the atmosphere is expected to increase, which will decrease the dryness and hotness of atmosphere resulting in major improvement of Taj Trapezium area. The development of green belt around the pond will improve the environment.

The cost of the project is Rs. 706.83 crore.

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