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A FIELD GUIDE TO

Washington,D.C. PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS

a field guide to washington, d.c.

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twin lights publishers, inc. photography by jake mcguire and anna katalkina ✯ narrative by nichole wadsworth schrafft PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS A Field Guide to Washington DC 1-45 1/20/09 4:31 PM Page 1

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A FIELD GUIDE TO

PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTSWashington,D.C. PUBLISHERS

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photography by jake mcguire and anna katalkina PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTSnarrative PUBLISHERS by nichole wadsworth PROPERTY schrafft OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS A Field Guide to Washington DC 1-45 1/20/09 4:31 PM Page 2

PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS Copyright © 2009 by ★Twin Lights Publishers,★ Inc. ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without written permis- sion of the copyright owners. All images in this book have been reproduced with the knowledge and prior consent of the artists concerned and no responsibility is accepted by producer, publisher, or printer for any infringement of copyright or other- Introduction wise, arising from the contents of this publication. Every★ effort has been made to★ ensure that credits ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ accurately comply with information supplied. PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS A s both a teacher and a mother to an is so much to be learned by reading First published in the increasingly curious one and a half through its pages. Surely the strikingly of America by: year old, I am inspired, or possibly beautiful photos will make you feel as if

Twin Lights Publishers, Inc. doomed, to always look for the lesson to you were truly there. From a carousel to 8 Hale Street be learned from any activity...no matter the Commander-in-Chief, dinosaurs to ★Rockport, Massachusetts★ 01966 ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ how small. A trip to the grocery store can Democrats, Kermit the Frog to the Telephone: (978) 546-7398 http://www.twinlightspub.com become a lesson in marketing, nutrition, Kennedy Center, Marine One to Masto- or economics; a trip to the park becomes dons, and Secret Service to the Spirit of ISBN 13: 978-1-885435-97-2 ISBN 10: 1-885435-97-5 an explosion of botany, horticulture, and St. Louis, this book takes you on an amaz- entomology; and a quick stop at the phar- ing educational adventure. I can't think of 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTSmacy PUBLISHERS begs to be turned into an excuse to a better way to give your child an overview Images★ listed below are courtesy★ of the ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ introduce all of the systems of the human of the American political system and a Smithsonian’s National Museum of American History body. So, just imagine how much can be great respect for all who have served to Page 4 - Lincoln’s top hat learned in a city as historically and cultur- protect our country while also sparking Page 16 - Dorothy’s ruby slippers ally rich as Washington, D.C. their interest in the arts, history, and the Page 19 - FDR’s microphone Ideally this book will serve as your guide sciences. I hope you learn as much by Page 29 - Kermit the Frog Page 31 - Lewis & Clark’s compass as you explore each nuance of this amazing reading this book as I did by writing it! ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ city, but fear not, because even if you can Images listed below are courtesy of the Smithsonian’s National Air and Space Museum not actually get to Washington, D.C. there —Nichole Wadswroth Schrafft Page 6 - Apollo Lunar Module II Page 35 - Milestone of Flight Gallery Page 64 - 1903 Wright Flyer Page 65 - North American X-15 PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS Page★ 65 - Bell X-1 piloted by ★Chuck Yeager ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ Book design by SYP Design & Production, Inc. http://www.sypdesign.com Printed in China PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ 3 <#> A Field Guide to Washington DC 1-45 1/20/09 4:31 PM Page 4

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Abraham Lincoln’s Air Force Memorial Air Force One Ambassador ✯✯✯ ✯✯✯ Top Hat A A memorial that honors the The name given to the United States A high-ranking diplomat This top hat was worn by members of the United States Air Air Force aircraft that transports the who represents one coun- President Lincoln the Force and the organizations that President. There are two specially try while residing in night he was assassinated came before it. Three stainless steel designed and customized Boeing air- another. Washington, by John Wilkes Booth at the spires reach up into the sky as high crafts in the Presidential Fleet and D.C. is home to ambas- Ford’s Theater inPROPERTY 1865. Booth was OF TWINLIGHTSas 270 feet. The PUBLISHERS spires represent when the President is on board the air sadors from all over the captured two weeks later and shot by flying and the three core values of the traffic control name for the plane is “Air world who serve to repre- Union soldiers. The top hat is in the col- Air Force; “intergrity first, service before Force One.” sent their homeland in the lection of the Smithsonian’s National self, and excellence in all that is done.” United States. Museum of American History. They also honor the three strands of the Air Force: the active, the guard, and the Amendment reserve. African Bush Elephant A change to a document, bill, motion, or A focal point in the rotunda of the Smith- the United States Constitution. sonian’s National Museum of Natural History. This African Bush Elephant is the American Flag largest on recordPROPERTY with a weight of 27,000 OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS pounds and almost 14 feet high when it A symbol of the United States of America’s was shot in Angola. It is now mounted in strength and unity. Today’s flag has 13 the museum for all to see. alternating red and white stripes that rep- Abraham Lincoln resent the original 13 colonies and 50 Memorial white stars that represent the 50 states. The first official flag was approved by the A memorial to the nation’s 16th President. Continental Congress on June 14, 1777. Ancient Seas The was designed after An exhibit at the Smithsonian's National Greek architecture and has 38 columns American Red Cross Museum of Natural History that tells the that represent the 38 states that were a PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS history of 540 million years of marine life. part of the Union at the time of Lincoln’s Employees and volunteers have been serv- The Ancient Seas exhibit describes the death. Inside the monument sits a 19-foot- ing overseas since 1892. “The Red Cross extinctions and evolutions from the Paleo- high and 175-ton statue of the President. Spirit” is a memorial to all who have given zoic Era (540 to 250 million years ago) The words to Lincoln’s second inaugural their lives while serving with the American to the Cenozoic Era (65 million years ago speech and the Gettysburg Address are also Red Cross. to today). carved inside the moment. PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS 4 5

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Arlington National Articles of Confederation Benjamin Franklin Statue Cemetery ✯✯✯ ✯✯✯ The first Constitution of the United B One of the most important founding An American military cemetery where over States. The Articles of Confederation were fathers of the United States and one of the 300,000 have been laid to rest. Veterans written in 1777 and went into effect in Basilica of the National five men chosen to draft the Declaration from every American war have been buried 1781 after being ratified, or signed, by Shrine of Independence, Benjamin Franklin was a within the cemetery’s amazing 624 acres. the 13 colonies. The first President of writer, a politician, a scientist, and an The largest church in the western hemi- Two American Presidents,PROPERTY William Taft OF TWINLIGHTSCongress after the Articles PUBLISHERS of Confed- inventor. He had many great accomplish- sphere and the 7th largest religious struc- and John F. Kennedy, have been buried eration were adopted was Samuel ments during his life. He started the first ture in the entire world. The Basilica is a here along with many other notable people Huntington. The U.S. Constitution volunteer fire department and the catholic church that is also a National Apollo Lunar Module 11 such as astronauts, explorers, chief justices, replaced the Articles of Confederation American Philosophical Society. He also Historic Landmark. when it was adopted on September 17, wrote and published Poor Richard’s This lunar module at the Smithsonian's 3,800 liberated slaves, and the unknown soldiers. Funerals are conducted Monday– 1787. Almanac. As an inventor he is responsible Air and Space Museum is similar to the Bead Museum Eagle used in 1969 when Neil Armstrong Friday with over 20 people buried each for the invention of bifocals, the odometer, became the first man to walk on the day and about 5,400 each year. The Bead Museum, with over 5,000 items, the Franklin Stove, and the lightning rod. moon. As he put his left foot down, strives to interpret the significance and This statue of Benjamin Franklin stands in Armstrong uttered the now famous words, usage of beads in cultures over time. Beads the Federal Triangle. “That’s one small step for man, one giant PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTYare among mankind's OF earliest TWINLIGHTS creative PUBLISHERS leap for mankind.” At the landing site, achievements and have been used as Bill Armstrong and fellow astronaut, “Buzz” amulets of protection, symbols of status, A piece of legislation that goes to the Aldrin left behind an American flag, a and personal ornaments. patch honoring the fallen Apollo 1 crew, House of Representatives and the Senate and a plaque on one of Eagle's legs. It with hopes of being made into a law. reads, "Here men from the planet Earth Anyone can write a bill, but only a mem- first set foot upon the moon. July 1969 ber of Congress can introduce it. A bill A.D. We came in peace for all mankind.” must go through quite a process before Bill of Rights being accepted, if it ever is. Many bills “die In 1789 twelve amendments to the Arlington Memorial in committee” when they are rejected and PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS not acted upon. Constitution were proposed, but the first Bridge two were not ratified, leaving just ten. A bridge that crosses the Those ten amendments sought to protect connecting the Arlington House and the the rights of United States citizens and Lincoln Memorial. The bridge is 2,163 became known as the Bill of Rights. One feet long and is often called Washington’s of the original copies can be seen in the most beautiful bridge. PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS National Archives. 6 7

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Bureau of Engraving and Printing ✯✯✯ ✯✯✯ C The government agency that prints paper 1 C & O Canal Boat Ride money. An average of about 3 ⁄2 billion one dollar bills are printed each year. The The National Parks Service operates boat Bureau of Engraving and Printing also PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS rides, pulled by mules, along the prints stamps and important government Chesapeake and Ohio Canal. Tourists papers. experience rising in an eight foot lock and learn about how life was like on the Butterfly Habitat Garden canal from park rangers dressed in period clothing. An exhibit at the Smithsonian’s National

Museum of Natural History that shows Cabinet the relationship between plants and butterflies. The Butterfly Habitat Garden A part of the executive branch of the fed- Bismark Sapphire Bullion was created in 1995 and became the muse- eral government that includes heads of 15 um’s first outdoor habitat. The garden federal executive departments. The heads One of the world’s largest sapphires. The A mass of preciousPROPERTY metals. American Eagle OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS actually includes four different habitats of those departments are chosen by the Bismark Sapphire is a 98.6 carat gem that platinum, gold, and silver bullion coins and has been visited by close to 30 species President with approval from the U.S. was found in Sri Lanka. The gem was can be purchased through the United of butterflies. Senate. given to the Smithsonian’s National States Mint. Museum of Natural History by Countess Mona von Bismark in 1967. Capitalism

An economic system that allows people, Budget companies, or corporations to own means of production rather than having the gov- A financial plan for the federal govern- ernment own everything. ment proposed by the President each PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS February. The budget needs to include money to be spent in areas such as defense, energy, health, agriculture, transportation, international affairs, and space and technology. PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS 8 9

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Capitol Carousel on the Mall from the Vietnam War was later identified The capitol building serves as the seat of A 1947 vintage carousel that can be as Michael J. Blassie. Members of the 3rd government for the legislative branch of enjoyed on the . U.S. Infantry must meet strict criteria and the . The building pass a series of difficult tests in order to have the honor of being a sentinel at the has a central dome located above a rotun- Changing of the Guard da and two wings. The north wing is the tomb. While being led by a relief com- PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTSSenate chamber and thePUBLISHERS south wing is the The Tomb of the Unknown Soldier at mander, one sentinel replaces another in House of Representatives chamber. Arlington National Cemetery is guarded an elaborate and very precise ceremony 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. An called the Changing of the Guard. unidentified soldier from World War I, World War II, the Korean War, and the The largest historic residential neighbor- Vietnam War are actually buried in the hood in Washington, D.C. and also a tomb. The Unknown Soldier name used to refer to the Congress.

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Checks and Balances Christopher Columbus Congress Statue A system designed so the three branches of The legislative branch of the United States government maintain an equal amount of Columbus and his famous journey of dis- federal government primarily responsible power, thus allowing no one branch to covery are honored in a variety of ways for making laws. Congress is made up of become too powerful. The Legislative, throughout the nation’s capital. A fountain the House of Representatives, also called Judicial, and Executive branches of govern- at Union Station is dedicated to his honor the Lower House, and the Senate, also PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTSment each have different PUBLISHERS responsibilities and is inscribed with the words, “To the called the Upper House. Amongst other that give them control over the other of Christopher Columbus whose things, Congress votes on bills, passes laws branches. high faith and indomitable courage gave to after debating and taking a vote, decides mankind a new world.” In front of the how to spend the country’s budget, and shapes foreign policy. Cherry Blossom statue and fountain stand three flagpoles that represent the three ships that sailed In 1912 Washington, D.C. received a gift with Columbus on his voyage to the New Congressional Gold Medal of 3,000 cherry blossom trees from Mayor World. An eagle sits proudly on top of Yukio Ozaki of Tokyo. The gift was meant each flagpole. The highest award and honor that can be to help celebrate the growing friendship presented to a person who performs an outstanding act of service beneficial to the PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTSbetween the U.S. and PUBLISHERS Japan. To give PROPERTYCivil Liberties OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS thanks, the United States gave flowering country. The legislative branch of the US dogwood trees to Japan. The annual Freedoms that protect citizens from being federal government is responsible for National Cherry Blossom Festival com- controlled by the government. In the United bestowing this award. memorates the gift giving. States the Constitution states what free- doms need to be upheld by our government. Conservative Chinatown Civil War A citizen who typically does not like change One entrance to Chinatown is this 75- in the laws and regulations that effect their foot-wide “Friendship Arch.” Its center A war fought from 1861-1865 between lives or how the country is run. Conserva- panel is inscribed with Chinese characters the northern states belonging to the Union Commander-in-Chief tives are often called “right-winged.” PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTSwhich read zhongguo PUBLISHERScheng, meaning and the southern states that had formed The President of the United States is also Chinese city. Today, the Wok & Roll the Confederacy. In the end the North was the commander of all of the country’s mil- Constitution restaurant occupies what was once Mary victorious and slavery was ended while the itary forces giving him the title of The supreme law of the United States. The Surratt’s boarding house - the meeting Union remained intact. An African Commander-in-Chief. place for John Wilkes Booth and his Memorial called Constitution was completed on September conspirators in Abraham Lincoln’s assassi- “The Spirit of Freedom” can be seen on 17, 1787. A copy of the Constitution is on PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTSnation. PUBLISHERS PROPERTYthe corner of 10th andOF U TWINLIGHTSStreet. PUBLISHERS display at the National Archives. 12 13

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District of ✯✯✯ D ✯✯✯ Columbia The federal district Daughters of the within the nation’s capital city. Museum The city is named after A museum founded by women in 1890 PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS President George who were annoyed from being excluded Washington while the from men’s patriotic organizations. The “Columbia” in “District of museum preserves the of Columbia” pays tribute to American Independence with a collection Christopher Columbus. of over 30,000 historic relics. Discovery Theater Donald W. Declaration of A live theatre aimed to entertain children. Reynolds Center Independence Stories and folktales are told through pup- for American The document that declared the original PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTSpetry, PUBLISHERS storytellers, dancers, musicians, and Art and 13 colonies to be free from Great Britain. actors. The fun can be seen on the Portraiture It was adopted on July 4, 1776 and is the National Mall at Ripley Center. reason we celebrate the 4th of July as The National Portrait Independence Day. The Declaration of Gallery and Smithsonian Independence can be seen at the National American Art Museum are Archives and Records Administration in collectively known as the the Rotunda for the Charters of Freedom. Donald W. Reynolds Center for American Art Democratic Party and Portraiture. The Portrait Gallery includes Dinosaur Hall One of the two major political parties in PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS photographs and videos the United States. The symbol for the A permanent exhibit at the Smithsonian’s of all the presidents, Democratic Party is a donkey. Andrew National Museum of Natural History. The while the American Art Jackson was the 7th President of the exhibit includes life-size dinosaurs such as Museum displays more United States, but was the first the allosaurus and diplodocus, Life in the than 3,000 of its 41,000 Democratic President. Ancient Sea, Fossil Mammals, and Fossil pieces. PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTYPlants. OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS 14 15

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✯✯✯ ✯✯✯ E Economy The country’s system of producing, dis- tributing, and consuming goods. Typically PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS when people refer to the economy they are speaking about the country’s financial situ- ation. Dorothy's Ruby Slippers Einstein Statue The magic slippers that helped Dorothy A bronze statue of Albert Einstein sitting get back home to Kansas in The Wizard of with papers in his hand on the property of OZ. These petite size 5 slippers were worn by Judy Garland during the filming of this the National Academy of Sciences. The 1939 classic. The ruby slippers are in the statue weighs 7,000 pounds. collection of the Smithsonian’s National Dr. MartinPROPERTY Luther King, Jr.OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS Museum of American History. Library Election Named after Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., A process during which a vote is taken and the central building for the DC Public the person with the highest number wins. Library opened in 1972. Built with black Presidential elections are held every four steel and dark tinted glass, the library’s years and begin with primaries, caucuses, modern architecture is unique to the and national conventions which whittle rest of the city. A large mural of MLK is the field of candidates down to one from painted across the walls of the library. each party. The remaining candidates then select a running mate who would become Dulles Airport Vice President if they were to win. PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS Campaigning occurs until November of Officially called Washington-Dulles A traffic circle located at the intersection International Airport, Dulles is located the election year, at which time the of five Washington, D.C. streets. A small American public votes. Those votes are about 25 miles outside of the city of public park with a fountain is located in Washington and handles about 2,000 counted and become known as the “popu- the center of Dupont Circle and the lar vote.” flights each day. neighborhood surrounding the circle is PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTSthe home to many embassies. PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS 16 17

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Electoral College Federal Judges Fireside Chat ✯✯✯ ✯✯✯ Each state receives a number of “electoral F Judges appointed by the President and Microphone votes” which are based on its number of follow the guidelines written in Article Franklin D. Roosevelt deliv- US Representatives plus its 2 US Senators. FBI Building III of the Constitution. Federal judges ered more than 30 broad- Each state has a different number of Elec- serve for life as long as they are practic- Officially named the J. Edgar Hoover casts, known at “fireside toral Votes. After the Presidential elections, ing good behavior. chats,” between 1933 and the electors of each state cast their votes Federal Bureau of Investigation, this build- PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTSing is the headquarters PUBLISHERS for the FBI. When 1944. These chats enabled for President. Electors will often cast their Federal Reserve System him to build confidence in his vote for the candidate that received the tours are open, visitors can see FBI agents The central bank of the United States. leadership and a rapport with most votes in their state. However, it is not at work in the forensics laboratory, giving The main responsibility of the bank is the American people during illegal for them to vote contrary to that firearm demonstrations and exhibits on to maintain the national currency and the Great Depression and decision. The winner from this vote is fingerprinting, DNA analysis, confiscated money supply. It also sets the official World War II. The micro- sworn into the President’s office in January. weapons, and more. interest rate to control inflation and the phone is in the collection of Ellipse Federal Government exchange rate. the Smithsonian’s National Museum of American History. A 52-acre park that is officially named The All aspects and departments of the United Federalists President’s Park South. It is commonly States government. Towns, cities, and called “” because of its shape. PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTSstates have their own PUBLISHERSindependent govern- PROPERTYThe group of people OF who TWINLIGHTSsupported the PUBLISHERS Located at the far end of the White ments, but the federal government oversees ratification of the Constitution beginning This monument, located in Presidents House’s lawn, it was originally used as a the activity of the country as a whole. in 1787. Today’s federalists are in favor of Park, pays tribute to the U.S. Army’s First campsite for Union soldiers and a place to independent states having control over Division, who lost their lives during World keep cattle and horses during the Civil War. issues and making their own policies that War I. The statue that tops the 65-foot may be different from what other states column is called Winged Victory. Embassy Row decide to do rather than having the federal Washington’s Massachusetts Avenue is government make the exact same laws for Foggy Bottom home to many foreign embassies and has all 50 states. One of Washington, D.C.’s oldest neigh- been given the nickname “Embassy Row.” borhoods. Foggy Bottom got its name PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS because it is located along the marshy Executive Branch banks of the Potomac River where mist One of the three branches of the Federal and fog tended to gather when that area Government. The Executive Branch was still a port. Today, Foggy Bottom is enforces and executes laws. It consists of home to many of Washington’s important the President, the President’s staff, execu- sites and is full of activity. tive agencies, and cabinet members. PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS 18 19

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Folger Shakespeare Library ✯✯✯ G ✯✯✯ A research center that is home to the largest collection of Shakespeare materials Gargoyles and other books, manuscripts, and art These gargoyles adorn the exterior of the from the period. The Library National Cathedral. Over 100 mischievous is on Capitol Hill. PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS gargoyles direct rainwater away from the National Cathedral. Each Ford’s Theatre gargoyle has its own unique A working theatre that is also a tribute to story behind it. President Lincoln’s love of theatre. Ford’s Theatre is where Abraham Lincoln was assassinated in 1865. The theatre shut down for 103 years after that tragic event, but reopened in 1968 and has been a favorite spot to visit ever since. Freedom Statue PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTYThe OFwas TWINLIGHTS created by PUBLISHERS Francis Scott Key Bridge Thomas Crawford. This bronze statue has A concrete arch bridge that carries traffic An open plaza designed in 1980 and adorned the top of the U.S. Capitol dome over the Potomac River. Construction of named in honor of Martin Luther King, Jr. since 1863. The original name of the the bridge started in 1917 and was fin- who happened to work on his famous “I sculpture was Freedom Triumphant in War ished in 1923. The bridge was named after Have a Dream” speech at a hotel nearby. and Peace. General Robert E. Lee Francis Scott Key, author of The Star The street plan for the city of Washington Memorial Spangled Banner. is represented in the stones that create the Friendship 7 During the Civil War General Lee became plaza. In 1988 a time capsule that contains Astronaut John Glen piloted the Friend- the most celebrated officer of the Confed- a bible, MLK Jr.'s robe, and some of his Franklin D. Roosevelt ship 7 during the Mercury 6 Mission. This erate Army. The home that he and his other belongings was buried in the plaza. Memorial PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS mission was the first time the United family lived in for 30 years was taken by A memorial located near the States had attempted to put a human into the Union Army, but after the war the that pays tribute to the country’s 32nd orbit. On February 20th, 1962 Glenn Supreme Court voted to return the home President. Four outdoor rooms represent became the first person to orbit the earth. because it was taken without due process. each of his terms of office and the events The Friendship 7 is on display at the That home, the Arlington House, now that occurred during that time. Smithsonian’s National Air and Space stands as the General Robert E. Lee PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTYMuseum. OF TWINLIGHTSMemorial. PUBLISHERS 20 21

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George Mason Memorial This bronze statue is a tribute to , the author of the Virginia Declaration of Rights. Mason was the first to speak up for American liberties and it is said that Thomas Jefferson was motivated by Mason’s words when composing the PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS Declaration of Independence. He is remembered for refusing to sign the Georgetown Gettysburg Address United States Constitution because it did A neighborhood along the waterfront of not abolish slavery and did not grant citi- A speech given by President Abraham the Potomac River. Many politicians have zens enough personal liberties. Lincoln at the dedication of the Soldiers’ chosen to live in the Georgetown area. National Cemetery in Gettysburg, Pennsyl- George Washington vania. Although the speech is only 269 Georgetown University Memorial words and was delivered in just two short One of two equestrian statues of George The oldest Roman Catholic and Jesuit minutes, it has become known as one of Washington located in the Foggy Bottom PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS university in the United States. The uni- the greatest speeches given in American section of the city. completed versity has just about 7,000 undergraduate history. Lincoln’s speech began,“ Four score the memorial statue of Lieutenant General students and 7,000 graduate students. It and seven years ago our fathers brought Washington in 1860, almost 72 years after takes up over 100 acres of the Georgetown forth to this continent a new nation, it was commissioned. This bronze statue, neighborhood of Washington. conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to mounted on a sandstone base, stands in the proposition that all men are created the center of a rotary off Pennsylvania Ave. PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTSequal.” PUBLISHERS 22 23

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House of Representatives ✯✯✯ ✯✯✯ ✯✯✯ ✯✯✯ H One of the two chambers of the United I States Congress. Each state has representa- Homeland tives in the House and there are a total of I Approve This Message Security 435 in all. States are given a certain num- Under the Bipartisan Campaign Reform ber of representatives depending on their Act (BCRA) of 2002, a required phrase The term used for population. StatesPROPERTY with more citizens getOF TWINLIGHTSsaid by candidates in PUBLISHERSpolitical advertise- the efforts to keep the more representatives than states with a ments who are running for federal office. United States safe smaller population. The House of This provision requires a candidate to take from terrorist threats or Representatives meets in the United States responsibility for their campaign adds attacks and also its efforts Capitol and the Speaker of the House is its thereby discouraging them from making to respond to national disasters. The Office presiding officer. Amongst other responsi- controversial claims. of Homeland Security was established bilities, the House has the ability to withing the Executive Office of the impeach officials, elect the President in the IMAX Theater President on October 8, 2001. case of an Electoral College tie, and initi- ate revenue bills. Short for Image Maximum, IMAX the- Hope Diamond aters use giant screens that are usually a Incumbent PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTSfew stories high to create PUBLISHERS crystal clear, PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS A 45.52 carat blue diamond estimated to quality images. Surround sound, huge rolls A candidate who currently holds an elected be worth between 200 million and 250 of film, and special projectors and cameras position and is running for reelection. million dollars. Legend says that the Hope are also used to help create this intense Diamond puts a curse on the person in movie viewing experience. IMAX theaters Independence Day possession of it. The Hope Diamond can can be found at the Smithsonian's A federal holiday that celebrates the adop- be traced through the Hope family in National Museum of Natural History tion of The Declaration of Independence London for about 80 years before landing and the National Air and Space Museum, and the independence of the original 13 in the United States. It is now part of the and the Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center. colonies from Great Britian’s government. National Gem Collection at the Independence Day falls on the 4th of July. Smithsonian’s National Museum of More people attend the Independence Day Natural History. PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS celebrations in Washington, D.C. than any other in the country. There is a parade on , cultural celebrations at the Smithsonian Folklife Festival on the National Mall, and then spectacular fire- PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTYworks over the Washington OF TWINLIGHTS Monument. PUBLISHERS 24 25

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International Spy Museum Iwo Jima Memorial ✯✯✯ ✯✯✯ An exciting museum where visitors get to This United States Marine Corps War J explore the world of espionage, check out Memorial pays tribute to the World War II over 200 gadgets used by spies, assume a Battle of Iwo Jima and all members of the James A. Garfield hidden identity, see the credentials that Marines who have lost their lives during Monument agents need to get in and out of the coun- service. The statue is based on a famous This monument honors the 20th President try, test their skills of observation and sur- photograph that shows six marines raising PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS of the United States who was elected in veillance at interactive stations, see how the American flag after capturing the 1880 and assassinated four months later. today’s satellites help track spies, learn island. Of the six soldiers in the memorial, At the base of the cylindrical pedestal are about how spies have been apprehended only three survived the war. four large bronze figures, each representing or, in some cases, how they are still allud- a phase of his career. ing authorities, and much, much more.

IRS Building Home to the Internal Revenue Service. The IRS is the United States Federal Government Agency that collects taxes and PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS enforces laws applying to internal revenue. The IRS building is on Constitution Avenue in Washington.

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John Ericsson Statue Kennedy, Robert Kermit the Frog ✯✯✯ ✯✯✯ John Ericsson is best known for his design K The 64th Attorney General of the United This beloved frog made his of the iron-clad ship, the Monitor, which States and younger brother of John F. television debut on the defeated the Confederate ship the Kennedy Center for the Kennedy. Also called RFK, Robert Washington, D.C. show, Merrimac during the Civil War. This Performing Arts Kennedy was assassinated on June 5th, Sam and Friends. crucial invention considerably aided in 1968 at the beginning of his own run for Performed by creator Jim A living memorial to John F. Kennedy and the defeat of the Southern states. Presidency. Robert Kennedy was buried Henson until his death in PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS the National Center for Performing Arts. near his brother in Arlington National 1990, Kermit first appeared It is the nation’s busiest art facility and has John F. Kennedy Gravesite Cemetery. on Sesame Street in 1969 and more than 3,000 performances annually. the Muppet Show in 1976. He is in the President John Fitzgerald Kennedy was Each year the Kennedy Center honors five collection of the Smithsonian’s National assassinated in Dallas, Texas while riding people who have made a significant contri- Museum of American History. in an open motorcade with his wife at his bution to the arts. side. He was fatally shot on November 22, Kids Farm 1963. JFK was buried in the Arlington National Cemetery three days later. An educational interactive exhibit at the National Zoo. Children learn how most Judicial Branch of the food they eat comes from farms PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS and how much effort it takes to look One of the three branches of the Federal after the animals that provide them with Government. It is made up of the court food. They can learn about cows, ducks, system. The highest court in the Judicial chickens, donkeys, goats, and also how Branch is the Supreme Court. The court pizza ingredients are grown. deals with matters that involve the govern- ment, disputes between states, and explaining the Constitution. The Judicial Branch can nullify laws that they decide are unconstitutional and create precedent for future laws and decisions. Decisions PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTSmade by the Supreme PUBLISHERS Court are final.

Justitia Omnibus This has been the motto of Washington, D.C. since 1871. Justitia Omnibus means PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS“justice for all.” PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS 28 29

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King, Martin Luther Legislative Branch ✯✯✯ ✯✯✯ A leader of the Civil Rights Movement. L One of the three branches of the United Martin Luther King, Jr. dedicated his States Federal Government. The lifetime to fighting for equal rights for all Lafayette Park Legislative Branch includes Congress, races and became the youngest person ever which is made up of the House of A seven acre public park located directly in to be honored with a Noble Peace Prize Representatives and the Senate. The front of the . The park was for his dedication to nonviolence. MKL’s Legislative Branch is responsible for mak- PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS originally named President’s Park, but was famous “I Have a Dream” speech was ing acts into laws and they also have the renamed in 1824 to honor General delivered on the steps of the Lincoln power to impeach the President, override Layfayette of France. The park has been Memorial in 1963. In 1968, Martin presidential veto, confirm presidential used as many things such as a graveyard, Luther King, Jr. was assassinated in appointments, and control the budget. a racetrack, a zoo, a slave market, an Memphis, Tennessee. The site for the encampment for soldiers during the War memorial is between the Lincoln and L'Enfant, Pierre of 1812, and a venue for political protests. Jefferson Memorials on the National Mall. The architect who proposed the first street plan for the city of Washington, D.C. Korean War Memorial L’Enfant submitted his plan to George A memorial to all of the soldiers who par- PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTSWashington PUBLISHERS in 1791. A copy of L’Enfant’s ticipated in the Korean War. Nineteen original plans is kept at the Library of statues of soldiers on patrol represent Congress. members of the US Air Force, Army, Navy, and Marines coming together for a Lewis and Clarks’ common goal. A 164-foot granite wall is Compass Liberty sandblasted with over 2,000 photographs Meriwether Lewis and William Clark led of support troops who aided in the effort Personal freedom. The last line of The the Corps of Discovery on an expedition along with the words, “Freedom is Not Pledge of Allegiance is “with liberty and to the American Northwest in 1804. Free.” Visitors can sit quietly by the Pool justice for all.” Visitors can see a silver-plated pocket com- of Remembrance and pay respect to the pass that was used 54,246 lives that were lost. PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS during the expedi- tion on display at The largest library in the world and the the Smithsonian’s research facility for Congress. The library National Museum occupies three buildings on Capitol Hill. of American PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTSHistory. PUBLISHERS 30 31

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Marine One ✯✯✯ ✯✯✯ M Marine Helicopter Squadron One, nick- named “Marine One” is the helicopter Madison, Dolley responsible for transporting the President The wife of President James Madison. The of the United States and other VIPs. The house where Dolley spent the last 12 years United States Marine Corps has been PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTSof her life still stands PUBLISHERSat the corner of responsible for presidential transportation Madison Place and H Street. since 1976. Magna Carta Mastodon Magna Carta, meaning Great Charter, is a The American Mastodon was a massive 1215 charter guarantying rights and liber- herbivore whose habitat stretched from the ties to all freemen by the king of England Atlantic to the Pacific coasts of North to his subjects. It is one of the most America, and from Alaska down to important legal documents in the history Central America. Visitors to the Smith- of democracy and greatly influenced the sonian’s National Museum of Natural PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTSUnited States Constitution PUBLISHERS and The Bill PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS History can view a skeleton of the masto- of Rights. don at the Ice Age Mammals exhibit. Mahatma Gandhi Memorial The Mahatma Gandhi Memorial is located across the street from the Indian Embassy. Gandhi was a major political and spiritual leader of India who was committed to peaceful resistance in the fight against injustice. Ghandi was assassinated in PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTSNew Deli at the age ofPUBLISHERS 78.

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✯✯✯ ✯✯✯ N National Air and Space Museum Home to the largest historic air and space- PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS craft collection in the world with more than 50,000 artifacts. Visited by more than nine million people each year, it is said that the Air and Space Museum is the most popular museum in Washington, D.C. and the world. The Air and Space Museum is a part of the Smithsonian Institute.

National Aquarium The oldest aquarium in the United States. PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTYThe aquarium has 50OF tanks TWINLIGHTS that are home PUBLISHERS to over 1,000 creatures including sea tur- tles, sharks, and Crunch and Munch, the Metro Money Mount Vernon resident alligators. Washington’s subway system. The Metro The official currency of a nation. The cur- Home to George Washington from 1747 1 first opened in 1976 with about 4 ⁄2 miles rency used in the United States is called until his death in 1799. The 40-acre of track and today covers over 106 miles the dollar. Paper money or bills are pro- estate overlooks the Potomac River in with 86 subway stops. duced at the Bureau of Engraving and Alexandria, Virginia, just south of Printing while coins are produced at the Washington, D.C. George and Martha Monarchy National Mint. The first US dollar was Washington are buried on the property. A form of government in which the leader issued in 1862. PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTSThe house has been restoredPUBLISHERS and has much is not voted into office, but instead inher- of the original furniture and family belongings. It is open daily for tours. its the position for life.

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National Geographic Explorers Hall Museum One of the finest collections of art in the world. The National Gallery of Art was A museum where National created by Congress with a large donation Geographic expeditions and adven- of art from Andrew W. Mellon. The tures come to life for visitors. Artifacts, PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTSNational Gallery of ArtPUBLISHERS has two buildings, photographs, art, and scientific research the East and West buildings, as well as a make visitors feel like they’ve joined large sculpture garden with over six acres National Geographic on a real life of art. expedition. National Mall A two-mile strip of grass surrounded by some of Washington’s most important landmarks such as the Capitol Building, , Ulysses S. Grant PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTSMonument, PUBLISHERS and many museums and art galleries.

National Arboretum National Archives Four hundred and forty-six acres of gardens filled with plants, trees, flowers, The agency responsible for preserving and and herbs administered by the U.S. documenting government and historical Department of Agriculture’s Agricultural records. The National Archives also makes Research Service. Some of the major some of those documentsPROPERTY available for OFthe TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS gardens include the Asian Collection, public to see. Some of the documents Fern Valley, and the Azalea and Dogwood available for viewing are the US Constitu- Collections. tion, the Bill of Rights, the Declaration of Independence, the Louisiana Purchase, and the Emancipation Proclamation. PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS 36 37

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National Museum of National Museum of African Art Natural History Part of the Smithsonian Institute, this Part of the Smithsonian Institute, this museum highlights African art and culture museum has over 125 million natural sci- from ancient times to the . The ence specimens such as insects, fish, and museum displays textiles, ceramics, tools, plants and also many cultural artifacts. instruments, masks, furniture, and art PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS The museum is the size of 18 football techniques such as painting, print making, fields. sculpture, and pottery to show the diversi- ty of art throughout Africa. National Museum of American History Part of the Smithsonian Institute, this museum has over 3 million artifacts that paint a picture of American History. The artifacts fit into 28 different collections PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS including sports and leisure, photography, work, transportation, music, family and social life, and popular entertainment to name a few.

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National Museum of the American Indian Part of the Smithsonian Institute, this museum highlights the life, literature, language, history, and arts of the Native American Indians. It displays a variety of Native American items that represent PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS their cultural and religious beliefs and daily life.

National Theatre

A theatre that has been operating on since 1835. Many PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTYfamous actors have OFappeared TWINLIGHTS on the stage PUBLISHERS National Museum of National Republican and even had jobs as an usher or stage Women in the Arts Party door-man at the National Theatre. For a The only museum in the world that is A political party that existed in the United short time the theatre became a movie solely dedicated to the contributions of States between 1829-1833. It was started house, but very quickly returned to live women artists. Wilhelmina Cole Holladay, by Henry Clay and was dissolved when shows. Some people think that the theatre an art historian and collector, founded the the Whig Party joined previous National is haunted by the ghost of an actor named museum in 1987. It preserves the work of Republican Party members with some John McCullough who was shot by a fel- women and teaches the public about their other political groups. low actor while on stage. achievements. Navy and Marine Memorial National PortraitPROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS A memorial nicknamed “Waves and Gulls” Gallery stands in Lady Bird Johnson Park on Part of the Smithsonian Institute, a wide Columbia Island. The memorial honors variety of famous Americans are honored United States Navy Sailors and US here through paintings, prints, sculptures, Merchant Marines who lost their lives at drawings, and photographs.PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTYsea during World War OF I. TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS 40 41

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Old Post Office ✯✯✯ ✯✯✯ ✯✯✯ ✯✯✯ O Washington’s first skyscraper, this building P was the largest and tallest government Octagon House building in the city. It was built to house Pennsylvania Avenue James Madison and his wife, Dolley, tem- the U.S. Post Office and the D.C. Post Nicknamed “America’s Main Street,” porarily moved into the Octagon House in Office. It was also the first building to Pennsylvania Avenue connects the White 1814 when the White House was burned have its own electricPROPERTY power plant with OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS House and the Capitol. The street is by British soldiers. Today, it is home to engines operating to run its 3,900 lights. also well known for hosting parades, The American Institute of Architects and Today, the building is #8 of places to see in celebrations, protests, and marches. is open to the public for tours. Washington, D.C. It is full of restaurants, shops, and a variety of music. The granite Pentagon clock tower stands 270 feet over the street below and gives a great view of the city. The headquarters of the United States Department of Defense. The building has Old Stone House five sides, five floors above ground and two below ground, and five hallways on One of the oldest known structures each floor that total more than 17 miles. remaining in thePROPERTY city. The Old Stone OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTYThe Pentagon’s offices OF have TWINLIGHTS about 26,000 PUBLISHERS House is famous for being just an ordinary employees, which is more than any other house. It was built and lived in by com- office building in the world. On mon people and today is a tribute to the September 11th, 2001, exactly 60 years ordinary and every day life of middle class from the day of its groundbreaking, the Old Executive Office colonial America. Pentagon was struck by American Airlines Building Flight 77 during terrorist attacks on the United States. A memorial is being made A federal office building located next door Potomac River President to honor the 184 victims who lost their to the White House. This building is now A 413-mile long river that flows through The elected head of the United States lives. called the Dwight D. Eisenhower West Virginia, Maryland, Virginia, and government, the chief of state, and the Executive Office Building. Many of the PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS Washington, D.C. before emptying into Commander-in-Chief of the United States agencies that make up the President’s the Chesapeake Bay. military. Presidents are elected every four Executive Office such as the Office of the years by the electoral college and have a Vice President, the Office of Management two term limit so that they cannot serve and Budget, and the National Security longer than eight years. The President lives Council are located there. in the White House while in office. PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS 42 43

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Quick Facts About ✯✯✯ Q ✯✯✯ Washington, D.C. ✯✯✯ R ✯✯✯ Capital city of the United States of America Reflecting Pool Motto: Justitia Omnibus A large pool located between the Lincoln Memorial and the Washington Memorial. Origin of name:PROPERTY Named after George OF TWINLIGHTSThe pool reflects these PUBLISHERS two monuments Washington and Christopher Columbus and is also a place for reflection. With a District’s Bird: Wood Thursh width of 167 feet, a length of 2,029 feet, and a depth of 18-30 inches this pool District’s Flower: American Beauty holds 6,750,000 gallons of water. Rose

District’s Tree: Republican Party Scarlet Oak One of the two major political More than 2,000 acres of land along the District’s Song: Star parties in the United States. The Rock Creek Valley is among the oldest of Spangled Banner symbol for the Republican Party PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTSis an elephant. PUBLISHERS It is said that the PROPERTYthe country’s national OF parks. TWINLIGHTS The park also PUBLISHERS Population = Republican Party is the more includes horse trails, a tennis stadium, a 588,292 (estimate) socially conservative and eco- nature center, a planetarium, an outdoor nomically liberal of the two place for concerts, picnic areas, and play- Land Size = 68 grounds. square miles political parties. Robert E. Lee Memorial The Arlington House was the plantation Queen Isabella estate of Robert E. Lee and his family for Queen Isabella agreed to finance the expe- 30 years. At different times in history the dition of Christopher Columbus to the PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTShome was also an army PUBLISHERS encampment and a New World. This statue was donated by community for emancipated slaves. Today, Spain and is located just outside the the home stands as a memorial to Robert Organization of American States Building. E. Lee and the grounds are also the home to Arlington National Cemetery. PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS 44 45

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Rotunda ✯✯✯ ✯✯✯ A circular room in the center of the S Capitol Building that connects the House to the Senate. The rotunda is 96 feet wide Seabee Memorial and 180 feet high with a beautifully painted The Seabees Memorial stands outside dome. Each figure painted on the dome is the main gate of the Arlington National PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS15 feet high and can PUBLISHERSbe seen clearly from Cemetery. Seabees are members of the the floor. construction battalion of the U.S. Navy and are responsible for the construction of roadways, airstrips, and a wide variety of construction projects in combat areas. Second Continental Congress The body of representatives from the origi- nal 13 colonies that adopted the PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTYDeclaration of Independence OF TWINLIGHTS and the PUBLISHERS Articles of Confederation. The Second Continental Congress met from May of 1775 to March of 1781. Ronald Reagan Building Ross, Betsy Secret Service A federal building named after the 40th The woman who some people believe A federal law enforcement agency that President of the United States, Ronald sewed the very first American flag. The protects national leaders and visiting for- Reagan. When it was built it was the most first flag had 13 stars and stripes to repre- eign leaders. The Secret Service was started expensive federal building ever to be con- sent the original 13 colonies. The flag was in 1865 to put an end to the counterfeit- structed. The building hosts over 1,200 flown when the Declaration of PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS ing of American currency. Its headquarters events each year and is home to the Independence was read aloud at are in Washington, D.C. After the assassi- Department of Homeland Security, Border Independence Hall on July 8, 1776. nation of Robert F. Kennedy during his and Customs Patrol offices, and the US run for President it was decided that the Agency for International Development. secret service would also protect Presidential candidates. PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS 46 47

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Senate One of the two chambers that make up Congress. The Senate is made up of two senators from each of the fifty states that serve six-year terms. The Senate proposes and votes on laws. PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS Smithsonian Castle The Smithsonian’s first building, usually just called “The Castle,” houses the administrative offices and the Visitor Information Center.

Smithsonian Institute Museums In 1826 a British scientist named James PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTSSmithson wrote his will PUBLISHERS and left his PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS $500,000 estate (worth over $9 million dollars in today’s dollars) to the United States “to found at Washington, under the name Smithsonian Institute, an establish for the increase and diffusion of knowl- edge among men.” Today, the Smithsonian Spirit of St. Louis Institute has 19 museums and 9 research centers. Some of the museums include The A plane flown by Charles Lindbergh that Air and Space Museum, The National made the first non-stop solo transatlantic PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTSMuseum of American PUBLISHERS History, the flight. Lindberg took off from Roosevelt National Museum of Natural History, the Field in Long Island on May 20th, 1927 National Zoological Park, The National and landed in Paris, France 33 hours, 30 Museum of African Art, and the National minutes, and 29.8 seconds later. The Museum of the American Indian. Spirit of St. Louis is now on display at the Smithsonian’s National Air and Space PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTYMuseum. OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS 48 49

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Star Spangled Banner ✯✯✯ ✯✯✯ A poem written by Francis Scott Key after T being held captive during the bombing of Fort McHenry, in Baltimore, Maryland. In Theodore Roosevelt the morning Key looked out and saw the Island American Flag flying high, signaling an Located in the Potomac River just west of American victory, and was inspired to PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS the city. The 88 plus acre wooded island is write a poem named “Defense of Fort maintained as a natural park, and includes McHenry.” Later the poem was put to a national memorial to Theodore music and named The Star Spangled Roosevelt, the 26th President. Banner. It became the National Anthem on March 3rd, 1931 thanks to a law Thirteen Colonies passed by President Herbert Hoover. The flag that was raised at Fort McHenry is The British colonies in America that were now on display at the Smithsonian’s founded between 1607-1732. These National Museum of American History. colonies rebelled against British rule and on July 4, 1776 the Declaration of PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTSIndependence PUBLISHERS was signed, freeing them- selves from Britain. Those 13 colonies were: Province of New Hampshire, Province of Massachusetts Bay, Colony of Rhode Island, Connecticut Colony, Province of New York, Province of New Statuary Hall Jersey, Province of Pennsylvania, Delaware A collection of 100 statues in the Capitol Colony, Province of Maryland, Colony and Dominion of Virginia, Province of building. Each state has donated two stat- ues of people who have been important in North Carolina, Province of South PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS the state’s history. The statues were origi- Carolina, and Province of Georgia. nally displayed in the old hall of the House of Representatives, which was renamed Statuary Hall. The collection outgrew the hall and is now spread throughout the Capitol building. PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS 50 51

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Thomas ✯✯✯ U ✯✯✯ A memorial built to honor the 3rd President of the United States. The Ulysses S. Grant Memorial Thomas Jefferson Memorial is in West A memorial built to honor Civil War Potomac Park in the tidal basin of the General and United States President, PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTSPotomac River. The memorialPUBLISHERS is circular Ulysses S. Grant. The memorial consists with white marble steps, large white of a statue of Grant sitting on his horse, columns, and a white domed roof. Inside Cincinnati. It is the largest equestrian stands a 19-foot tall, 10,000 pound bronze statue in the United States and the 2nd statue of President Jefferson. Some of largest in the world. Jefferson’s famous quotes are written inside the monument. Union Station The large train station in Washington, Tidal Basin D.C. that is considered to be the entrance to the city. When it was first built, it was PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTSA 10-foot deep and overPUBLISHERS 100-acre inlet PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTSthe PUBLISHERS largest train station in the world. It that is connected to the Potomac River was such an important part of the city that and the Washington Channel. The inlet a Presidential Suite was used for entertain- helps to flush out the Washington ing and to welcome foreign dignitaries. Channel by collecting 250 million gallons Union Station is now served by the com- of water during high tide in the Potomac muter rail, Amtrak, and Washington and then releasing it into the Channel to Metro buses and trains. Inside the station move away silt and debris. The water flows there is also a movie theater and over 100 through inlet and outlet gates. The Tidal places to eat, drink, and shop. Union Basin is surrounded by a walkway that Station has over 32 million visitors each PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTSwinds under beautiful PUBLISHERS cherry trees that year and its grand halls are still used for bloom in March or April. important functions and celebrations.

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United States Holocaust Memorial Museum A museum that serves as a living memorial to the Holocaust, its victims and survivors. The museum has over 900 artifacts for visitors to explore and four theaters that PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS show historic footage and testimonies from eyewitnesses. The museum also provides community outreach and educational services to make sure that this part of history is never repeated. United States Passport The Bureau of Consular Affairs, located United States Botanic in the Harry S. Truman Building, is Gardens responsible for issuing United States PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTYpassports. A passport OF proves TWINLIGHTS the identity PUBLISHERS A living plant museum established in 1820 and nationality of the bearer and is and is located today on the National Mall, required to enter and leave most foreign across from the Capitol. countries. The earliest passports were issued to American United States Capital citizens traveling Washington, D.C. became the capital of abroad in 1789. the United States on July 16, 1790. The location was chosen by George Washington and approved by Congress. , Pennsylvania was the capital PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS city prior to 1790.

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United States Navy US Supreme Court Memorial and Heritage The highest court in the Judicial Branch of Center the Federal Government. It is made up of A memorial in Market Square that honors a Chief Justice and eight other associated those who have served in the Navy, Coast justices who all serve for life unless they Guard, Marine Corps, and Merchant resign or are impeached. The Supreme Marines. The memorial is home to the PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS Court has the final say in all rulings that Lone Sailor statue, the Granite Sea, two they make. If a case is tried in the fountain pools, a visitor’s center, and the Supreme Court it cannot be appealed Heritage Center with its Arleigh Burke anywhere else. Theater, rotating exhibits about sea services, and the Navy Log.

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USS Sequoia Presidential presidential photographs and original Yacht memorabilia. The yacht is owned by the PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS A floating retreat, the U.S.S. Sequoia was Sequoia Presidential Yacht Group, LLC. used by seven Presidents for shaping some of the most significant decisions of the 20th century. It is a 1925 Trumpy- designed yacht with a large collection of PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS 56 57

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✯✯✯ ✯✯✯ V Veto When the President refuses to sign a bill or legislation that has been approved by Congress. Congress can override the PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS President’s veto by a two-thirds vote in the House of Representatives and the Senate. Vice President A member of the Executive Branch of the Federal Government who ranks immedi- ately below the President. Presidential candidates select a Vice President to run with on a presidential ticket and the two are elected together. If, for any reason, the PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTSVietnam PUBLISHERS Women’s Memorial Voyager President cannot continue serving, the Vice President takes over. The Vice A part of the Vietnam War Veterans An aircraft that made the first non-stop, President has some official responsibilities Memorial, this sculpture shows three uni- non-refueled flight around the world on including serving as the deciding vote formed women attending to a wounded December 23, 1986. The flight took nine 1 when the Senate is caught in a tie and soldier. This part of the memorial was days (and about 3 ⁄2 minutes), covered dedicated in 1993 to honor all of the 24,986 miles, at an average speed of 116 certifying the vote count of the Electoral Vietnam War Veterans College. The Vice President serves as an the person died during the war, or a plus women who served in Vietnam. miles per hour, and left from Edwards Air Memorial sign, meaning they are still missing. The Force Base in California. The Voyager is advisor to the President and usually as Virginia Flag the spokesperson for the administration’s A memorial that honors the men and memorial is also home to The Three now on display at the Smithsonian’s Servicemen statue, three soldiers walking policies, Chairmen of the Board of NASA, women who servedPROPERTY the United States OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS The state flag of Virginia consists of the National Air and Space Museum. and a member of the board of the during the Vietnam War. The memorial’s and supporting each other, and the In state seal centered on a background of Smithsonian Institute. The Vice President Wall of Names shows more than 58,200 Memory Plaque, honors soldiers who lost blue. The seal depicts a woman, symboliz- their lives after the war due to injuries lives in a designated home on the grounds names etched into black granite panels ing courage and virtue, standing over a of the United States Naval Observatory. that represent all of the people who lost which occurred during the war. prostate man, symbolizing tyranny. The their lives or are still missing. Each name commonwealth of Virginia was settled in is marked with eitherPROPERTY a diamond, meaning OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS1607 PUBLISHERS and joined the Union in 1788. 58 59

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White House ✯✯✯ ✯✯✯ W The home and office of the President of the United States. The White House’s War of 1812 address is 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue. The A war fought between the United States first President to live in the White House and Great Britain. The burning of was the nation’s second President, John Washington tookPROPERTY place when British forces OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS Adams. The famous oval office was built invaded and burned the city in 1814 during during the presidency of William Howard the War of 1812. The orders given were to Taft in 1909. The West Wing refers to only burn public buildings so family homes where the offices are located and, in all, were spared, but the White House and the White House has 132 rooms, is other government buildings were destroyed. 55,000 square feet, and sits on 18 acres The burning of Washington was in retalia- of land. tion for the Battle of York during which Willard Hotel U.S. troops burned and looted the Parliament buildings of Upper Canada. A famous Washington hotel that has been PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS Washington Monument home to some historical events and has had many impressive guests. Visitors can This monument is just over 555 feet tall see a hotel bill, in the amount of $773.75, and is shaped like an Egyptian obelisk. It paid by President Lincoln with his first is made of granite, marble, and sandstone paycheck as President. It was also the site and was completed in December of 1884. of a Peace Conference in 1861 that was an attempt to prevent the beginning of the Washington National Whig Civil War. Julia Ward Howe wrote the British North American Colonists who Cathedral words to The Battle Hymn of the Republic rebelled against the Crown during the Officially known as the Cathedral Church at the Willard and Ulysses S. Grant coined American Revolution. Their revolts led to of Saint Peter and Saint Paul in the City the term “lobbyist” to describe the people PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTSthe establishment of thePUBLISHERS independent and Diocese of Washington, this building who started to make appearances in the states that became the United States of was voted one of the most beautiful in the hotel’s lobby after discovering that Grant America. Whig was also a political party United States. It has also been designated like to spend quiet time there. The pres- that existed between 1833-1856. as the National House of Prayer. It is the ent day Willard Hotel is a fabulous hotel sixth tallest cathedral in the world and the with a spa, gym, and outdoor café. second largest inPROPERTY the United States. OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS 60 61

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World War II Memorial ✯✯✯ ✯✯✯ A memorial built to honor the 16 million X who served in the U.S. Armed Forces, the 400,000 who lost their lives, and all of X-15 those who supported the effort from The rocket-powered North American X-15 home. The memorial was opened in April set numerous altitude and speed records in of 2004 and has fifty-six 17-foot tall pillars PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS the early 1960’s and is the fastest aircraft arranged in a semicircle around a plaza. ever flown. It reached the edge of space at There are also two 43-foot arches that an altitude of 67 miles and attained a stand at each end of the semicircle that are speed of Mach 6.7. Its last flight was inscribed with the words “Atlantic” and in 1968 and is now on display at the “Pacific”. The memorial’s Freedom Wall Smithsonian’s National Air and Space has over 4,000 gold stars that each repre- Museum. sent 100 lives lost. In front of the wall are the words “Here we mark the price of freedom.” ✯✯✯ Y ✯✯✯ Wright Flyer PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS Yankee The first powered aircraft built by the Wright Brothers. On December 17, 1903 The nickname given to people from the the Wright brothers made four brief flights United States who live North of the with the longest one lasting 59 seconds. Mason-Dixon line. New Englanders are The Flyer is now on display at the most commonly called Yankees. The term Smithsonian’s National Air and Space is also used for soldiers who fought for the Yeager, Chuck Museum. Union during the Civil War. A retired General in the United States Air Yankee-Doodle Force. He was also a test pilot and in 1947 he became the first PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS A well-known American patriotic song. pilot to travel faster than Even though the British used the song as a sound in level flight and ascent. The Bell way to make fun of the American colonists X-1 that he was piloting is on display at during the Revolutionary War, it became the Smithsonian’s National Air and Space the American colonists’ rallying anthem. Museum. PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS 62 63

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✯✯✯ ✯✯✯ Z Zip Code A code that identifies a U.S. Post Office mailing area. “Zip” stands for Zone PROPERTYImprovement OF Code. TWINLIGHTS The White House PUBLISHERS uses the zip code 20500. Zoo The Smithsonian’s National Zoological Park, more commonly known as the National Zoo, is a 163-acre home to over 2,000 animals from close to 400 different species. The Zoo is also a research, conser- vation, and education center dedicated to PROPERTYendangered OF animals TWINLIGHTS and has a state-of-the- PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS art veterinary hospital.

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Been There, Done That!

STICKER SHEET The Washington Jefferson Lincoln PROPERTYNow that OF you haveTWINLIGHTS seen the PUBLISHERSWhite House Monument Memorial Memorial historic monuments, learned all the interesting facts, and visited the fun attractions of Washington, D.C., it’s time to mark where you’ve been and what you’ve done. Simply, match the places on the stick- ers to their correct location U.S. Capital National Air Smithsonian on the map to create your & Space Museum Institute PROPERTYown personal OF guide TWINLIGHTS around PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS our capital.

National Vietnam Veterans Arlington Museum of Aquarium Memorial National Cemetery American History

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Museum of U.S. Navy National Gallery Dr. Martin Luther PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERSNatural History Memorial PROPERTY OFof Art TWINLIGHTSKing, Jr. LibraryPUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS Franklin Park Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Library George Chinatown Washington Government University The Printing White House Office National Foggy Postal Bottom The Museum Ford’s Octagon National House Theater U.S. Navy Theodore Kennedy Center PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERSAquarium Memorial Roosevelt for the Judiciary F.B.I. Island Performing Arts Square Building The Elipse National Museum of Natural Union Station Supreme History Plaza Court Vietnam National Veterans Gallery U.S. Memorial Constitution Washington of Art Capital Gardens Monument National The Mall Grant Reflecting Pool Museum of Statue Library of PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS American PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS Congress Lincoln History Memorial Smithsonian Institute Bureau of Congressional Office Buildings Engraving and Printing Tidal Basin National Air and Space Museum

Potomac River PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS Jefferson Washington, D.C. Memorial Washington Channel THE NATION’S CAPITAL

Pentagon Arlington Cemetery PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWINLIGHTS PUBLISHERS