ASP Newsletter Volume 43 Issue 2
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OMED 17 PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA 29.5 Category 1-A CME Credits Anticipated
® OCTOBER 7 - 10 OMED 17 PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA 29.5 Category 1-A CME credits anticipated ACOFP / AOA’s 122nd Annual Osteopathic Medical Conference & Exposition Joint Session with ACOFP and Cleveland Clinic: Managing Chronic Disease Herpes Zoster: Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention Leonard Calabrese, DO The American College of Osteopathic Family Physicians is accredited by the American Osteopathic Association Council to sponsor continuing medical education for osteopathic physicians. The American College of Osteopathic Family Physicians designates the lectures and workshops for Category 1-A credits on an hour-for-hour basis, pending approval by the AOA CCME, ACOFP is not responsible for the content. 10/5/2017 Herpes Zoster: Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention Leonard Calabrese Professor of Medicine Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine 1 10/5/2017 Herpes Zoster: Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention • Biology & Epidemiology • Clinical Aspects • Treatment and prevention Varicella Zoster Virus • Family: herpesviridae • Subfamily: alpha herpesviridae • Ubiquitous • 99+% of adults have immunologic memory • Transmission: airborne; via fomites from skin lesions • 2 clinical forms: - Varicella (primary) - Herpes zoster (reactivation) 2 10/5/2017 History • Molecular link between VZV and HZ first demonstrated by Stephen Straus (NEJM 1984) • Latency in dorsal root ganglia molecularly demonstrated by Donald Gilden (NEJM 1990) Straus SE., et al. Endonuclease analysis of viral DNA from varicella and subsequent zoster infections in the same -
April 30, 1991, NIH Record, Vol. XLIII, No. 9
April 30, 1991 Vol. XLHI No. 9 "Still U.S. Deparcmenc of Health The Second and Human Set-vices Best Thing About Payday" Natiorud lnstirures of Heahh e Recori New Recommendations on Cholesterol and Children Released A ll healthy children above the age of 2 should eat in a heart-healthy way to lower blood cholesterol and help prevent coronary heart disease in adulthood, according to new recommendations released by che National Cholesterol Education Program, which is sponsored by the National Heare, Lung, and Blood Institute. The recommendations emphasize lowering the average blood cholesterol of all American children and adolescents through population wide changes in earing patterns. "Our review of the· scientific evidence has convinced us that atherosclerosis begins in childhood and that chis process is related to nutrition practices which affect blood cho lesterol levels both in children and in adu.lcs," said Dr. Claude Lenfanc, NHLBI direcror. "Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death in che United Scates," he added. "If we could delay the onset of heart disease, we could extend che years of healchy life for many Americans." The new recommendations are contained in NHLBJ director Dt·. Cla11.de Lenfant Jpeak.J at the National Cholesterol Education Program prm conference a report written by a panel of experts con Apr. 8 at the Sheraton WaJhington Hotel. The program recommendJ fqwering the average blood choleJtet•ol vened by the instirute's National Cholesterol level of all Americ,m children ove,· age 2 . (See CHOL£ST£ROL, Page 4 ) Immunologist Max D. Cooper Gene Blocks Cancer Spread To Deliver 1991 Dyer Lecture In Mice, Say NCI Scientists By Elaine Blume l ncernacionally renowned immunologist Dr. -
Pharmacognosy, Phytochemical Study and Antioxidant Activity of Sterculia Rubiginosa Zoll
Pharmacogn J. 2018; 10(3):571-575. A Multifaceted Journal in the field of Natural Products and Pharmacognosy Original Article www.phcogj.com | www.journalonweb.com/pj | www.phcog.net Pharmacognosy, Phytochemical Study and Antioxidant Activity of Sterculia rubiginosa Zoll. Ex Miq. Leaves Rini Prastiwi1,2*, Berna Elya2, Rani Sauriasari3, Muhammad Hanafi4, Ema Dewanti1 ABSTRACT Introduction: Sterculia rubiginosa Zoll ex.Miq leaves have been used as traditional medicine in Indonesia. There is no report about pharmacognosy and phytochemical study with this plant.Objective: The main aim of this research is to establish pharmacognosy, phytochemical study and antioxidant activity of Sterculia rubiginosa Zoll.ex. Miq. Leaves. The plant used to cure many diseases of Indonesia. Methods: In the present study, pharmacognosy and phyto- 1,2* chemical study of plant material were performed as per the Indonesian Herb Pharmacopoeia. Rini Prastiwi , Berna Results: Microscopy powder of Sterculia rubiginosa Zoll.ex. Miq. Leaves shows star shape Elya2, Rani Sauriasari3, trichoma as a specific fragment. Physicochemical parameters including total ash (17.152 %), Muhammad Hanafi4, acid-insoluble ash (0.922 %), water-soluble extractive (1.610 % w/w), alcohol-soluble extractive Ema Dewanti1 (4.524 % w/w), hexane-soluble extractive (4.005 % w/w), and ethyl acetate-soluble extractive (3.160 % w/w) were evaluated. Phytochemical screening of ethanol extracts showed the 1Department of Pharmacognosy- presence of tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids-terpenoids, glycosides, and phenols. And Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy absent of saponins and Anthraquinones. Antioxidant activity with IC50 157, 4665 ppm and and Science Muhammadiyah Prof.Dr. flavonoid total was 59.436 mg/g quercetin equivalent. -
Sources of Crude Drug, Plant Families, Biogenesis of Phytochemicals
1 Sources of Crude Drug, Plant Families, Biogenesis of Phytochemicals SOURCES OF CRUDE DRUG Plant Oldest source of drugs. 25% of the drugs prescribed worldwide come from plants More than 200 drugs considered as basic and essential by the World Health Organisation (WHO) Significant number of synthetic drugs obtained from natural precursors. Example: Digoxin from Digitalis species, quinine and quinidine from Cinchona species, vincristrine and vinblastine from Catharanthus roseus, atropine from Atropa belladonna and morphine and codeine from Papaver somniferum. Animal Second largest source of crude drugs. Example: Honey from honeybee, beeswax from bees, cod liver oil from shark, bufalin from toad, animal pancreas is a source of Insulin, musk oil from musk, spermaceti wax from sperm whale, woolfat from sheep, carminic acid from colchineal, venoms from snake Mineral Highly purified form of naturally occurring mineral substances is used in medicine Example: Sulphur is a key ingredient in certain bacteriostatic drugs, shilajit is used as tonic, calamine is used as anti-itching agent Marine Major part of earth is covered with water bodies and hence bioactive compounds from marine flora and fauna (microorganisms, algae, fungi, invertebrates, and 1 Contd… 2 Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry: A Companion Handbook vertebrates) have extensive past and present use in the treatment of many diseases Marine Serve as compounds of interest both in their natural form and as templates for synthetic modification. Several molecules isolated from various -
Dual Recognition of Herpes Simplex Viruses by TLR2 and TLR9 in Dendritic Cells
Dual recognition of herpes simplex viruses by TLR2 and TLR9 in dendritic cells Ayuko Sato†, Melissa M. Linehan, and Akiko Iwasaki‡ Section of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520 Edited by Richard A. Flavell, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, and approved September 27, 2006 (received for review June 18, 2006) Dendritic cells (DCs) express multiple Toll-like receptors (TLR) in and suppression of viral replication depended mostly on IRF7 and distinct cellular locations. Herpes simplex viruses (HSV) have been to a much lesser extent on MyD88 (6). reported to engage both the surface TLR2 and intracellular TLR9 in Although these three distinct pathways of herpesvirus recogni- conventional DCs. However, the contributions of these TLRs in tion are known to exist, the relative contributions of these pathways recognition of HSV and the induction of proinflammatory cyto- in viral recognition vs. viral pathogenesis are unclear. The ability of kines in DCs remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that a rare HSV-1 to trigger TLR2 has been shown to be responsible for the population of HSV, both in laboratory strains and in primary clinical exacerbation of neonatal herpes encephalitis (13), because neonatal isolates from humans, has the capacity to activate TLR2. This virus mice deficient in TLR2 secreted less IL-6 and had a higher rate of population is recognized through both TLR2 and TLR9 for the survival compared with WT mice upon lethal HSV-1 challenge. induction of IL-6 and IL-12 secretion from bone marrow-derived Further, the ability of HSV-1 and HSV-2 to activate TLR2 has been DCs. -
Pharmacognosy: Science of Natural Products in Drug Discovery Ilkay Erdogan Orhan* Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
Orhan, BioImpacts, 2014, 4(3), 109-110 doi: 10.15171/bi.2014.001 TUOMS http://bi.tbzmed.ac.ir/ Publishing BioImpacts Group Editorial Pharmacognosy: Science of natural products in drug discovery Ilkay Erdogan Orhan* Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey A R T I C L E I N F O Summary AUTHOR B I O S K E T C H Article History: Pharmacognosy deals with the natural drugs obtained from Prof. Dr. Orhan obtained her Received: 15 Sep. 2014 organisms such as most plants, microbes, and animals. Up to PhD degree in Accepted: 21 Sep. 2014 date, many important drugs including morphine, atropine, Pharmacognosy ePublished: 22 Sep. 2014 from Faculty galanthamine, etc. have originated from natural sources which of Pharmacy, continue to be good model molecules in drug discovery. Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey Keywords: Traditional medicine is also a part of pharmacognosy and most in 2002. She is Pharmacognosy of the third world countries still depend on the use of herbal Young Affiliate Representative of Natural products the Central & South Asia region medicines. Consequently, pharmacognosy always keeps its (ROCASA) of Third World Academy Herbal medicine popularity in pharmaceutical sciences and plays a critical role in of Sciences (TWAS) for the period Pharmacy of 2011-2016. She is now affiliated drug discovery. as full professor at Gazi University. Her research interests are inhibitory activity of natural products against enzymes, phytochemistry, and marine natural products. natural product is a chemical substance produced of the prescription drugs dispensed in the United States by living organisms such as plants, mushrooms, contain at least one active ingredient of plant origin.3 animals, and microorganisms. -
Varicella-Zoster Virus ORF57, Unlike Its Pseudorabies Virus UL3.5 Homolog, Is Dispensable for Viral Replication in Cell Culture
VIROLOGY 250, 205±209 (1998) ARTICLE NO. VY989349 Varicella-Zoster Virus ORF57, Unlike Its Pseudorabies Virus UL3.5 Homolog, Is Dispensable for Viral Replication in Cell Culture Edward Cox,1 Sanjay Reddy,1 Ilya Iofin, and Jeffrey I. Cohen2 Medical Virology Section, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 Received May 27, 1998; returned to author for revision June 24, 1998; accepted July 23, 1998 Varicella zoster virus (VZV) encodes five genes that do not have homologs in herpes simplex virus. One of these genes, VZV ORF57, is predicted to encode a protein containing 71 amino acids. Antibody to ORF57 protein immunoprecipitated a 6-kDa protein in the cytosol of VZV-infected cells. Although the homolog of VZV ORF57 in pseudorabies virus, UL3.5, is critical for viral egress and growth in cell culture, VZV unable to express ORF57 replicated to titers similar to those seen with parental virus. Thus VZV ORF57 has a different role in viral replication than its pseudorabies virus homolog. INTRODUCTION itis virus UL3.5 to 220 amino acids for PRV UL3.5. These proteins have sequence homology in their first 50 amino Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is a member of the alpha- acids (Khattar et al., 1995) and contain a large number of herpesvirus subfamily. This subfamily is further divided basic amino acids with isoelectric points ranging from 10 into the genus Simplexvirus, which includes herpes sim- to 13. BHV-1 UL3.5 is a virion protein associated with the plex virus (HSV) and herpesvirus simiae, and Varicello- tegument or envelope whose role in virus replication is virus, which includes VZV, equine herpesvirus type 1 unknown (Schikora et al., 1998). -
Hope Through Research
Hope Through Research Shingles Prepared by: Office of Communications and Public Liaison National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke National Institutes of Health Bethesda, Maryland 20892-2540 National Institute of Neurological Disorders NIH Publication No. 11-307 and Stroke July 2011 National Institutes of Health Cover illustration: Cultured human skin cells infected with varicella zoster virus, stained with acridine orange and photographed under ultraviolet light. Courtesy of Dr. Randall Cohrs, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center. This pamphlet was written and published by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), the United States’ leading sup- porter of research on disorders of the brain and nerves, including shingles. NINDS, one of the U.S. Government’s National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland, is part of the Public Health Service within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Table of Contents Page Introduction ............................................. 1 What is Shingles? ....................................... 2 Who is at Risk for Shingles? .......................... 3 What are the Symptoms of Shingles? ............... 4 How Should Shingles Be Treated? .................. 6 Is Shingles Contagious? ............................... 7 Can Shingles Be Prevented? .......................... 7 Chickenpox vaccine ............................... 7 Shingles vaccine .................................... 8 What is Postherpetic Neuralgia? .................... 9 Postherpetic -
Natural Products. a History of Success and Continuing Promise for Drug Discovery and Development
Natural Products. A History of Success and Continuing Promise for Drug Discovery and Development Gordon M. Cragg NIH Special Volunteer [email protected] David J. Newman Natural Products Branch Developmental Therapeutics Program National Cancer Institute EARLY DOCUMENTATION OF USE OF MEDICINAL PLANTS http://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/collections/archives/index.html • Mesopotamian ~2,600 B. C. E. • Egyptian ~ 1,800 B. C. E. • Chinese – ~1,100 B. C. E. and continuing • Indian ~ 1,000 B. C. E. and continuing • Greek ~ 500 B. C. E. Greco-Roman expertise preserved and coordinated with other traditions by Islamic cultures during the Dark Ages ~ 400-1,100 CE Avicenna. Persian pharmacist, physician, poet, philosopher author: canon medicinae – “final codification of Greco-Roman medicine” Great Moments in Pharmacy Collection APhA Traditional Medicine and Drug Discovery • 80% of the world population resides in developing countries • 80% of people in developing countries utilize plants to meet their primary health care needs • Global pop. ca. 7 billion ca. 4.5 billion people utilize plants to meet their primary health care needs Farnsworth NR, et al. Medicinal Plants in Therapy. Bull. W.H.O. 63:965-981 (1985) Fabricant and Farnsworth, EnViron. Health Perspect. 109, 69-75 (2001) Cordell and Clovard, J. Nat. Prod., 75, 514-525 (2012) Norman Farnsworth 1800s. Discovery of some active principles of major herbal preparations Newman and Cragg. Natural Product Chemistry for Drug Discovery, eds. Buss and Butler, M. S., Royal Soc. Chem., Cambridge, 2010, pp. 3-27 European chemists (apothecaries) revolutionized drug discovery and development. 1817. Sertϋrner reports isolation of morphine from Papaver somniferum. -
Nectin-2-Mediated Entry of a Syncytial Strain of Herpes Simplex Virus Via
Virology Journal BioMed Central Research Open Access Nectin-2-mediated entry of a syncytial strain of herpes simplex virus via pH-independent fusion with the plasma membrane of Chinese hamster ovary cells Mark G Delboy, Jennifer L Patterson, Aimee M Hollander and Anthony V Nicola* Address: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Virginia at Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, 23298-0678, USA Email: Mark G Delboy - [email protected]; Jennifer L Patterson - [email protected]; Aimee M Hollander - [email protected]; Anthony V Nicola* - [email protected] * Corresponding author Published: 27 December 2006 Received: 16 October 2006 Accepted: 27 December 2006 Virology Journal 2006, 3:105 doi:10.1186/1743-422X-3-105 This article is available from: http://www.virologyj.com/content/3/1/105 © 2006 Delboy et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Background: Herpes simplex virus (HSV) can utilize multiple pathways to enter host cells. The factors that determine which route is taken are not clear. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells that express glycoprotein D (gD)-binding receptors are model cells that support a pH-dependent, endocytic entry pathway for all HSV strains tested to date. Fusion-from-without (FFWO) is the induction of target cell fusion by addition of intact virions to cell monolayers in the absence of viral protein expression. The receptor requirements for HSV-induced FFWO are not known. -
Pharmacognosy of Plants
nd M y a ed OPEN ACCESS Freely available online g ic lo i o n i e B Biology and Medicine ISSN: 0974-8369 Editorial Pharmacognosy of Plants Mohamed G Elfaki* Scientist, Professor of Microbiology, Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Alfaisal University College of Medicine, Saudi Arabia Pharmacognosy is the think about of plants or other common grown medication, chemistry, biotechnology, phytochemistry, sources as a conceivable source of drugs. The American Society pharmacology, pharmaceutics, clinical drug store and drug store of Pharmacognosy characterizes pharmacognosy as "the ponder practice. of the physical, chemical, biochemical, and organic properties of Medical Ethnobotany: The ponder of the conventional utilize of drugs, medicate substances, or potential drugs or sedate substances plants for restorative purposes. of common beginning as well as the seek for modern drugs from normal sources". The word "pharmacognosy" is inferred from two Ethnopharmacology: The ponder of the pharmacological Greek words pharmakon (medicate), and gnosis (information) or the qualities of conventional therapeutic substances; the consider Latin verb cognosco (con, 'with', and gnosco, 'know'; itself a cognate of phytotherapy (the restorative utilize of plant extricates); and of the Greek verb gignosko, meaning 'I know, perceive'), meaning phytochemistry, the consider of chemicals inferred from plants 'to conceptualize' or 'to recognize'. The term "pharmacognosy" was (counting the recognizable proof of unused medicate candidates utilized for the primary time by the Austrian doctor Schmidt in determined from plant sources). The carotenoids in primrose 1811 and 1815 by Crr. Anotheus Seydler in work titled Analecta create shinning ruddy, yellow and orange shades. -
Pharmacognosy
AccessScience from McGraw-Hill Education Page 1 of 5 www.accessscience.com Pharmacognosy Contributed by: Richard A. Deno Publication year: 2014 The general biology, biochemistry, and economics of nonfood natural products of value in medicine, pharmacy, and other health professions. The products studied are of biologic origin, either plant or animal. They may consist of entire organs, mixtures obtained by exudation or extraction, or chemicals obtained by extraction and subsequent purification. Pharmacognosy literally means knowledge of drugs, as do pharmacology and pharmacy. The center of interest in pharmacology, however, is on the mode of action of all drugs on the animal body, particularly on humans. In pharmacy major attention is directed toward provision of suitable dosage forms, their production and distribution. Pharmacognosy is restricted to natural products with attention centered on sources of drugs, plant and animal, and on the biosynthesis and identity of their pharmacodynamic constituents. Sources of materials Organs, or occasionally entire plants or animals, are dried or frozen for preservation and are termed crude drugs. They may be used medicinally in essentially this form, as in the case of the cardiac drug, digitalis, or the endocrine drug, thyroid, or as sources of mixtures or of chemicals obtained by processes of extraction. Mixtures obtained by exudation from living plants include such drugs as opium, turpentine, and acacia. Processes of extraction are required to obtain such mixtures as peppermint oil (steam distillation), podophyllum resin (percolation), and parathyroid extract (solution). For a discussion of classes of natural products with medically significant members of this type See also: ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE WAX ; ESSENTIAL OILS; FAT AND OIL (FOOD); GUM; TERPENE.