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THE LITTORAL ASCIDIANS of the SPANISH MEDITERRANEAN IL Balearic Islands

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THE LITTORAL ASCIDIANS of the SPANISH MEDITERRANEAN IL Balearic Islands THE LITTORAL ASCIDIANS OF THE SPANISH MEDITERRANEAN IL Balearic Islands. Species collected by the R/V ”Professeur Georges Petit” A.A. Ramos, X. Turon, M. Wahl, B. Banaigs, F. Lafargue To cite this version: A.A. Ramos, X. Turon, M. Wahl, B. Banaigs, F. Lafargue. THE LITTORAL ASCIDIANS OF THE SPANISH MEDITERRANEAN IL Balearic Islands. Species collected by the R/V ”Professeur Georges Petit”. Vie et Milieu / Life & Environment, Observatoire Océanologique - Laboratoire Arago, 1991, pp.153-163. hal-03039511 HAL Id: hal-03039511 https://hal.sorbonne-universite.fr/hal-03039511 Submitted on 3 Dec 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. VIE MILIEU, 1991, 41 (2/3) : 153-163 THE LITTORAL ASCIDIANS OF THE SPANISH MEDITERRANEAN IL Balearic Islands. Species collected by the R/V "Professeur Georges Petit" A.A. RAMOS X. TURON {2\ M. WAHL (3), B. BANAIGS (4), F. LAFARGUE (5) d Instituto Maritimo-Pesquero del Mediterraneo, 03001 Alicante, Espagne (2> Dept. Biologia Animal (Invertebrats), Fac. Biologia, Univ. de Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal, 645 08028 Barcelona, Espagne <3> Abt. Mar. Okol. Syst, Universitàt Kiel, 2300 Kiel, FRG <4> Laboratoire de Chimie des substances naturelles marines, Université de Perpignan, 66000 Perpignan, France <5> Laboratoire Arago, Université P. et M. Curie, UA CNRS 117, 66650 BanyulsIMer, France ASCIDIANS ABSTRACT - An inventory of the rocky infra- and circalittoral bottoms of the TAXONOMY Balearic Islands (Spanish Mediterranean), based on SCUBA diving studies per- ECOLOGY formed in 1986, led to a list of 60 ascidian species in this région. Systematic, BIOGEOGRAPHY BALEARIC ISLANDS ecological and biological notes on thèse species are given in this article. SPAIN ASCIDIES RÉSUMÉ - Un total de 60 espèces d'Ascidies a été recensé en 1986 par sca- TAXONOMIE phandre autonome dans les fonds rocheux infra et circalittoraux des Iles Baléares ÉCOLOGIE (Méditerranée espagnole). La liste de ces espèces est complétée par des notes BIOGÉOGRAPHIE ILES BALÉARES taxonomiques, biologiques et écologiques. ESPAGNE INTRODUCTION stations (Fig. 1) have been sampled by a total of approximately one hundred dives, which yielded some 1400 spécimens belonging to 60 species. As part of a long term investigation program This paper is a report of the campaign's faunistic of the ascidians of Western Mediterranean coasts, part. A restricted study on epibiosis was done on we herewith put forward the second part, which the didemnid species, essentially. treats the littoral fringe of the Balearic Islands. The first part, a record of the NE Spanish ascidian fauna, has been published earlier (Lafargue et al. 1986). MATERIAL AND METHODS The ascidians of the Balearic Islands have pre- viously been dealt with in the works by Heiden (1894); Rodriguez, (1922) and Pérès (1957 a, 1957 Investigations and collection were done exclu- b). Sporadic data are also given by Buen (1905), sively by SCUBA diving. The position of the 19 Harant (1927), Molinier (1954) and Pérès (1959). sampling stations is shown in Fig. 1. Each diving In spite of thèse records, our knowledge in this site was subdivided into the différent biocoenoses respect is still fragmentary. Between July 1 and and faciès observed as defined by Pérès & Picard 13, 1986, a Franco-Spanish oceanological cam- (1964) and Boudouresque (1971) mainly. paign to the Balearic Islands has been carried Table I shows the stations and biocoenoses through on the R/V "Professeur Georges Petit". studied, whose codes are as follows : Semi-Ob- The objective was a faunistic and chemical study scure Caves and overhangs (SOC); Under-side of of the archipelago's littoral ascidians. Nineteen Boulders and stones (UB); Lower horizon of lit- 154 A.A. RAMOS, X. TURON, M. WAHL, B. BANAIGS, F. LAFARGUE 19 Fig. 1. - Map of the Balearic Islands with the position of the sampling stations. toral Rock Coralligenous (LRC) and Coralligenous During the campaign, the near surface tempera- of Blocks (CB); Sciaphilous Sheltered Infralittoral ture varied between 22,2°C and 24,5°C; below 35 seaweeds (SSI); Photophilous Sheltered Infralit- m température lay between 18,2°C and 16,6°C; the toral seaweeds (PSI); Sciaphilous Exposed Infral- main thermocline was situated between 27 and 30 ittoral seaweeds (SEI); Photophilous Exposed m of depth; a secondary thermocline lay between Infralittoral seaweeds (PEI); Coastal Detritic 12 and 15 m. Secchi depth ranged from 22 to 31 (CD); Posidonia oceanica Beds : rhizomes (BPr) m. or leaves (BP1); and Sheltered Muddy Sand (SMS). The sampling was done qualitatively. Individu- L Taxonomic remarks on some species als and colonies were taken with their substratum whenever possible. Depth, Secchi-depth (Ds), type Three of the species are not definitely assigned of substratum, température at the surface (Ts) and to known taxa. Thèse and other interesting forms at various depths (Tz), type of biocoenosis, habitat deserve some taxonomic remarks : and associated species were also noted in Table I. Eudistoma banyulensis (Brément, 1912) (Fig. Anaesthesia and fixation procédures have al- 2 A, B) ready been detailed elsewhere (Lafargue et al., Références : Polycitor (Eudistoma) banyulensis 1986). The collection has been deposited in the Brément (1912) : p. 1; Harant & Vernières (1933) : Arago Laboratory, Banyuls-sur-mer. p 5g Colonies flat and encrusting. The largest one measured 120 x 115 x 16 mm. Colony surface smooth. The color, beige or pink in the living RESULT colony, turns brown or greenish-blue after formol fixation. No sand grain encrustations; consistency of the test mucous-soft. Zooids Systems evenly A total of 1411 spécimens belonging to 60 spe- distributed and star-shaped, with 10-18 individuals cies of ascidians have been catalogued. We used Per System. the classification system of Berrill (1950) for the Zooid length up to 6 mm. Thorax/abdomen ratio higher taxa; for families and gênera that of ranging from 1/2 to 1/3. Six rounded or blunt oral Monniot & Monniot (1972) and for Didemnid spe- lobes; atrial siphon of variable length, occasion- cies the System of Lafargue & Wahl (1987). A list ally reaching twice the length of the branchial sac; of the species with their respective collection sites about 30 oral tentacles distributed in 4 rows (12 is given in Table II. + 6 + 6 + 6). Branchial sac with 3 rows of stig- THE LITTORAL ASCIDIANS OF THE SPANISH MEDITERRANEAN 155 Table. I. - List of the sampling sites with geographical, mata, the first one oriented towards the dorsal physical and ecological data (codes of biocoenoses as tubercle in the dorsal région; 14-17 stigmata per detailed in the text). half-row. Some zooids show a branchial asym- metry already signaled by Brément (1912) : the STATION DEPTH(m.) BIOCOENOSES (faciès) stigmata of the first and third row on one side 1 5 lela Ciel Aire 39°47,8'N-04»17,0,E 03/07/86 T : 22,2° T : 20,5° D^: 23 m b 23 being slightly smaller than their counterparts on 1-1 28 CB ! Lithophyllum, Peyssonnelia, Mesophyllum) the other side. 1-2 26-28 SSI(Peyssonnelia squamaria) 1-3 26-28 PBr The oesophageal neck may be as long as half 2 NE Cabo Caballerla 40°05,4'N-04°05,0'E 02/07/86 T ; 22,5° T : 20,4° g 1? the length of the zooid, with a slight twist of the 2-1 11-33 LRC (Myriapora, Sertella) 2-2 8-23 SSI (Peyssonnelia squamaria, Vdotea) intestine in the posterior part of the neck. Stomach 2-3 8-13 PSI (Cystoseira, Halopteris saoparia) 2-4 8-23 UB pear-shaped; the pyloric gland is connected with 3 E Cabo Natl 40°03,1'N-03°49,7'E 12/07/86 it by two ducts, the first in the basai, the other in T : 24,5e T : 18,9° D : 26 m s 36 s the middle part of the stomach. The pyloric 3-1 36 SOC fsponges/ 3-2 35-36 LRC (Myriapora, Mesophyllum) branches in the rectal part are long, meandering, 3-3 35-36 SSI (Peyssonnelia, Vdotea, Codium bursa) 3-4 35 PBr and they don't seem to anastomose, running pa- 3-5 35 PBI 3-6 35-36 UB rallely to the rectum. Ail zooids were immature; 39°59,7'N-03°48,2'E 04/07/86 4 Cala Forçat some contain reserve cells. T : 23,5° T.,: 22,2° D : 30 m s 21 s 4-1 21 SOC (Leptopsammia pruvoti) Those mediterranean Eudistoma species that 4-2 15-21 LRC (Myriapora, Parazoanthus) 4-3 12-21 SSI (Peyssonnelia squamaria, Schizoteca) have star-shaped zooid Systems and a very soft 4-4 11-12 PSI (Padina pavonica) 4-5 22 PBr colony texture are : E. mucosum (Drasche, 1883), , 5 Ciudadela harbour(outer) 39"59,7'N-03°49,3 N 03/07/86 E. posidoniarum (Daumézon, 1909) and E. bany- 5-1 3-7 LRC (Myriapora) ulensis (Brément, 1912). Our spécimens are 5-2 2-5 SEI (Plocamium cartilagineum, Clathrinai 5-3 0-2 PEI (Corallina, Balanua) closest to E. banyulensis : colony features (shape, 6 Cludadela harbour(lnner) 40°00,0'N-03°49,9*E 04/07/86 texture, color) and zooid characteristics (branchial 6-1 1-4 SSI Impovertshed aspect (Udotea, Halimeda) , sac, intestinal bend) agrée with the original de- 7 Cala Ratjada harbour(lnner) 39»42,6'N-03°27,6 E 04/07/86 T : 23,4° s scription by Brément (1912).
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