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John A. o?:j Watter W. 4% Wlsrigrn F. $&j William A..@ G&OFQ~g. $m lLLt Tmv Wee, Olney U,$. Congressman Wth DistriFt CuWm IJ$vi$, ~iretctcb;' Officq and Prbfessor o@ Siwqwmoh Stare ~ni* Williem L. Bay, $or&$ Illinois Cggi~lati WtQr Emeritus, da& €v~"son,Prof& and Pubk kffairs, Ssq ILLINOIS GENERAL ASSEMBLY ORAL HISTORY PROGRAM PREVIOUS TITLES IN SERIES Martin B. Lohmann Memoir, 1 vol. (1980) Bernice T, Van Der Vries Memoir, 3 vols. (1980) Walter J. Reum Memoir, 2 vols. (1980) Thomas A. McGloon Memoir, 2 vols. (1981) John W, Fribley Memoir, 2 vols. (1981) Charles W. Clabaugh Memoir, 2 vols. (1982) Cecil A. Partee Memoir, 2 vols. (1982) Elbert S. Smith Memoir, 2 vols. (1982) Frances L. Dawson Memoir, 2 vols. (1982) Robert W. McCarthy Memoir, 2 vols. (1983) John C. Parkhurst Memoir, 2 vols. (1984) Corneal A. Davis Memoir, 2 vols. (1984) Cumulative Index, 1980-1984 Edward P. Saltiel Memoir, 1 vol. (1985) William A, Redmond Memoir, 2 vols. (1986) Paul J. Randolph Memoir, 1 $01. (1986) John Gilbert Memoir, 1 vol, (1986) William L. Grindle Memoir, 2 vols, (1986) GALE WILLIAMS ILLINOIS HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 1961-1965 AND 1967-1973 Preface This oral history of Gale Williams' service in the Illinois House of Representatives is a prod- uct of the Illinois Legislative Research Unit's General Assembly Oral History Program. The oral history technique adds a distinctive new dimension to the unit's statutory responsibility for performing research and collecting information concerning the government of the state. Gale Williams was born near Ava, Illinois, August 3, 1922, The story of his youth is that of a southern Illinois farmboy. With his brothers, he assisted his father in the operation of the family farm. During his teenage years, he also assisted in the family's operation of a milk-collection route. At the outbreak of World War 11, family circumstances caused Mr. Williams to be rated 4-F by the selective service system and he did not enlist until late in the war. His service was with the U. S. Marine Corps. Upon his discharge he joined the U. S. Air Force Reserves. Following World War 11, he initially engaged in an appliance dealership. His entry into the political arena occurred in 1947 when he successfully ran on the Republican ticket for the position of Bradley Township highway commissioner, As a reservist he was called to active duty for the Korean War, whereupon he sold his interest in the appliance store and resigned from his position as commissioner - only to have the call cancelled. After a year of selling cars, he was able to obtain a patronage job as a license inspector for Secretary of State Charles Carpentier. During his tenure as an inspector, from 1953 until 1957, he became active in the local Young Republicans organization. In 1956 he suc- cessfully ran for the office of Jackson County coroner and four years later was elected to the Illinois House of Representatives. At the same time, 1960, he entered the vocation of mobile home dealer in which he still at this writing is engaged, His tenure in the Illinois House of Representatives, from 1961 to 1973, was broken when he made an unsuccessful bid for the Illinois Senate in 1964 causing him to be absent from the 1965 session. * Mr. Williams' major legislative achievements were in the fields of economic development, transportation, conservation and agriculture. His memoir, while focusing on such legis- lation, also recounts many personal and political subjects. Readers of this oral history should bear in mind that it is a transcript of the spoken word. Its informal, conversational style represents a deliberate attempt to encourage candor and to tap the narrator's memory. However, persons interested in listening to the tapes should understand that editorial considerations produced a text that differs somewhat from the original recordings. Both the recordings and this transcript should be regarded as a primary historical source, as no effort was made to correct or challenge the narrator. Neither the Illinois Legislative Research Unit nor Sangamon State University is responsible for the factual accuracy of the memoir, nor for views expressed therein; these are for the reader to judge. The tape recorded interviews were conducted by Horace Waggoner during the fall of 1981. Mr. Waggoner was born in 1924 in Waggoner, a small farm-service community in cen- tral Illinois. At age 18, he enlisted for military service in World War I1 and, as a U. S* Air Force commissioned officer, continued to serve until 1973. Upon leaving service, he resumed his formal education, achieving a masters degree in history at Sangamon State Uni- versity in 1975. His association with the Sangamon State University Oral History Office dates from 1976. Betty Lewis transcribed the tapes and, after the transcriptions were edited by Mr. Waggoner and reviewed by Mr. Williams, Julie Allen prepared the typescript. Florence Hardin com- piled the index. The Chicago Tribune and Carbondale Southern Illinoisan provided valuable assistance in the research effort. This oral history may be read, quoted and cited freely. It may not be reproduced in whole or in part by any means, electronic or mechanical, without written permission from the Illi- nois Legislative Research Unit, Room 107, Stratton Building, Springfield, Illinois, 62706. Table of Contents Note on page location: Volume I: pages 1 - 121 Volume 11: pages 122 - 244 Preface ................................................................................................................................................... v The Years Before ................................................................................................................................. 1 Family background - Farm life - School - Ava, Illinois - U.S. Marine Corps - Appliance dealer - Highway commissioner - Car salesman - Li- cense inspector - Marriage - Young Republicans - Coroner - Mobile home business The General Assembly Years ........................................................................................................... 64 Campaigning - Getting started - First caucus - Legislative reform - Reap- portionment and redistricting - Judicial reform - Transportation legis- lation - Conservation legislation - Economic development legislation - Public utilities, railroads and aviation legislation - Agriculture legis- lation - Industry and labor relations legislation - Personalities - Elections legislation - Education legislation - Public aid, health, welfare and safety legislation - Running for the Senate - Revenue legislation - Budgeting and appropriating - Civil rights legislation - Ethics and conflict of inter- est - Constitutional change - Crime and corrections legislation - Patron- age and public employees - Leaving the legislature The Years After ................................................................................................................................... 235 Mobile home business - Supporting Ogilvie - Advice on how to campaign - Advice on preparation for legislature Index ....................................................................................................................................................... 239 Illustrations following pages 64 and 188 vii Volume I Gale Williams SESSION 1, TAPE 1, SIDE 1 Q: We'll start off with a vital statistic or two. What was your birthdate sir? A: August 3,1922. Q: And where were you born? A: Ava, Illinois. Q: What was your father's name? A: Denton Williams. Q: And your mother's name was? A: Bertha. Q: And what was her maiden name? A: Lively Williams. Q: What's your first memory of your father? A: My first memory of my father, when I was real small and . I don't know what age I was when I first remember but - of course I have a twin brother and my first memory of him was him always playing with - holding both of us, playing with us two a great deal. He was great to always be playing with us children. Q: What do you remember of the home where you were born in Ava? A: My first memory of the home - of course I wasn't born right in Ava, it was out in the country about two miles north of Ava, and of course it was just an old farm house, extremely old, part of it was log. I remember it just strictly as an old house, I mean extremely old. And we had no electricity, you know, it was all kerosene lights, and coal or wood heating-stove in the wintertime. Q: What part of the house was log? A: The kitchen part and a pantry part on it. And then of course they built on to it back in those days and cut the logs and had the lumber sawed and built on to it you know. But it was extremely old. Q: How long had your father lived there? A: Well he - well of course they lived there longer than I was old. They had bought it, the land, back before I was born. They'd lived there thirty-some years before they sold it. Of course in the meantime I was born and went to the service and moved away. But they bought it before I was born. Q: And was your father farming the land there? A: Yes he farmed and he also worked in the coal mines. He done both. He had an eighty-acre farm there and then he had bought some more land, I t,hink forty acres, and he farmed, and our farm was very hilly. And he had mostly dairy cows, milk cows. And of course we sold the milk - or sold cream back in those days you know, and then they sold the milk then. Q: Did you have your own separator for the cream then? A: Yes. Yes, I can remember the old separator. They had the old smokehouse and the separator. Of course when you brought the milk in, why, you separated it and kept t.he skim milk to feed the hogs and stuff that we raised you know. We raised a lot of hogs back in those days. It wouldn't be a lot in todays terms but back then my fat,her raised around one hundred head of hogs all the time. That was considered quite a few back fift,y years ago you know. Q: What kind of hogs were they. A: Just - mostly the Hampshires, the red Hampshire hogs.