21004 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 9, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS DR. CHARLES EHRLICH: POLITI­ way he ran the office of the county clerk, a home canners are willing to buy a case CIAN IN BEST SENSE position he held from 1960 to 1970. During of instant coffee, they can get the lids each of those years, the budget he submitted to the freeholders was less than the year they need. They cannot, however, find before. It was no small feat. Inflation and enough separate lids to use on their old HON. FRANK THOMPSON, JR. rising taxes were with us then too. jars. They are being forced to buy jars, OF NEW JERSEY His role as a watchdog for the people some­ and coffee, they do not need in order to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES times conflicted with his role as a loyal get the lids they do need. Democrat. "Doc" seemed always to be a mem­ Mr. Speaker, we need to look further Tuesday, July 8, 1975 ber of the loyal opposition, no matter which into this problem and I urge my col­ Mr. THOMPSON. Mr. Speaker, it has party was in power. leagues who have received mail on this When he first came on the freeholder become the fashion in these post-Water­ board, the Republicans were in control, and subject to get involved, too. gate days to view those who served in he soon established a reputation as a barb in At this time I would like to share with public office with distrust and, unhap­ their side. He teased them, keipt them on my colleagues my testimony before the pily, in some cases with disdain. And yet, their toes, tore into them when he thought Subcommittee on Commodities and Serv­ there are those public servants who have they were going astray. ices of the Small Business Committee served their fellow citizens with courage, When his own party took over, it seemed as follows: with ability, and with good humor. he couldn't quite adjust to being a mem­ TESTIMONY OF THE HONORABLE BOB TRAXLER, ber of the majority, and, in fact, he didn't. One such public servant was Dr. U.S. REPRESENTATIVE FOR THE EIGHTH DIS­ He continued to play the role of antagonist, TRICT OF MICHIGAN Charles Ehrlich, a man whom I was watchdog, and became known as a "maver­ pleased and proud to call my friend. ick." It was a role thiat got him into trouble Mr. Chairman, I want to thank you and "Doc" Ehrlich, as we called him, epito­ with the powers to be in his party in the the members of this Subcommitee for this mized the best that there is as a public last few months. opportunity to speak on behalf of the home­ officeholder. I could describe at length He talked like he acted, straightforward canners of Michigan and my district on the and plain. He never attempted to mislead critical shortage of canning lids. Your Sub­ his many virtues and qualities, but the committee is to be commended for its in­ following editorial which appeared in the the press or the public. He was not without a sense of humor, how­ quiry into this most vexing of consumer July 3 edition of the Burlington County ever, nor lacking compassion. The work he problems, one that affects millions of house­ Times does it much better than any ef­ was most proud of was his drive to improve holds across the nation. fort that I might produce. Buttonwood Hall, the county home for the I know that a subject like "canning lids" My sympathies and those of my wife aged, and to replace Evergreen Park, the may not capture the interest of sophisti­ go to his widow, Elsie, and his family. county mental hospital. cated city people in Washington, but back The editorial reads as follows: There's much that can be written about home in Michigan it is the number one issue "Doc" Ehrlich. He was born and raised in that I hear about when I visit with constit­ DR. CHARLES EHRLICH; POLITICIAN IN BEST uents. I think it is definitely time for the SENSE Ri verslde and never strayed further from that old industrial town than Delanco. He Congress to get more deeply involved in this Not too long ago Delran resident Dollie was a football star in high school and college problem. DeFlece went before the board of chosen free­ and laiter with a semi-pro team. He was a Mr. Chairman, I represent a Congressional holders to plead for improvement of Creek practicing dentist all his working life. He district with both urban and rural areas. Road. Mr. DeFlece lives on Creek Road and served a plethora of charita.ble and service The people of Snover and Wilmot and Bad had come to complain about its potholes, organi~tions over the years. Axe and Bay City are a.ngry. They are angry some 300 of them by his count. This newspaper by no means always agreed because they cannot buy, at any price, can­ The freeholders listened attentively, shuf­ with "Doc" or thought his ways angelic. ning lids for their jars. The canning season fled the request around a bit getting advice But, in the balance we saw him as a has begun for certain fruits, a.nd other from their solicitor and engineer, and con­ dedicated public servant, as a politician who crops will soon follow. These crops will go to cluded nothing could be done. Creek Road genuinely cared a.bout the people he served, waste if they cannot be preserved. was not a county highway, so there was not just his own career. Listen to the words of just a few of my nothing the freeholders could do. Not everyone keeps up with county pol­ constituents who have written me in the Why not have the county take it over, itics nor knows the personalities involved. past week: Mr. DeFlece suggested, noting that the town­ Not everyone, then will miss "Doc" Ehrlich. Mrs. Rittmueller of Frankenmuth says, ships involved would be glad to get rid of But know it or not, his constituents have "The strawberries are ripe and beautiful. it. suffered a loss in his passing. Cherries are beginning to blush ... and NO That might be a solution, the freeholders lids for our jars. Why?" acknowledged, but the federal government Mr. Lanczek of Pinconning writes, "Most had already agreed to fund a major over­ Michigan housewives are very upset as there haul of the road sometime in the future are still no lids available. Jars and lids, but (inasmuch as Creek Road had become a TIME TO ACT ON CANNING LID no lids alone." major feeder route for interstate 295). The SHORTAGE Mrs. Daenzer of Frankenmuth: "We all county, the freeholders asserted, couldn't were taught to save and be conservative. As st art working on a highway t hat the feds long as I can remember, our grandparents, would soon be doing over. HON. BOB TRAXLER parents, ourselves and our children have had Soon, DeFlece retorted, could be fiv~ years OF MICHIGAN a garden. Now as we would like to can, there or more the way the federal government IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES is not one canning lid available in any store moves. since January. The government tells us that That's true, the freeholders sympathized, Tuesday, July 8, 1975 we should all make a garden, but what b ut ... sorry, there's just no way. Mr. TRAXLER. Mr. Speaker, I am sure should we do with the stwr we can't all eat. Th e discussion seemed over, DeFlece It's a sin to waste it. Is there anything you defeated. that many of my colleagues have re­ can do?" Then freeholder Charles Ehrlich spoke up. ceived numerous complaints from their And finally, Mrs. Tarkowski of Bay City We'll do it, Dr. Ehrlich said simply. constituents, as I have, concerning the summarizes the frustrations of many with Two months later the county crews had critical shortage of replacement lids for her comments: "You tell me the companies come, the potholes were gone, and Creek home canning jars. This is a problem that are working 24 hours a day, seven days a Road had a new asphalt surface. is particularly irritating to the 22 mil­ week. That sure is a lot of B.S. I'll tell you It was a typical Ehrlich perfonnance. lion home canners in this country be­ one thing, if they worked that steady, they The veteran freeholder, who passed away would make enough lids to pave Penn­ this week, was ever responsive to the needs cause the canning season is upon us and sylvania Avenue in Washington. Where are of those he served. they face the potential loss of their the canning lids? You tell me." " Doc" Ehrlich was a. member of the old home-grown fruits and vegetables if they Mr. Chairman, last fall President Ford school of politics. He was no ideologue, no cannot get lids. urged Americans to grow anti-inflation WIN advocate of any particular philosophy or We should note that there is no short­ gardens. Millions of Americans have re­ cause. He was a representative, and he saw it age of new jar-and-lid combination sponded. enthusiastically and patrtotica.lly as his duty to protect the people he served and the demand for canning supplies has and to help with their problems. units; in fact, manufacturers are plan­ increased. Indicative of the way he knew and re­ ning to produce an excess of 100 million Last year, the surge in new demand and sponded to the wishes of the majority ls the of these units this year. Likewise, if our the shortage of raw materials produced short- July 9, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 2L925 ages of canning supplies that were explain­ in order to force the sale of more of the the Boy Scouts, Boys Club, and youth able and understandable. But this year, the combinations at a higher profit to people who organizations has brought him many increased demand was clearly predictable. don't need the jars, that this is a marketing awards. He is an active member of the The shortage of raw materials has disap­ decision that does not violate any anti-trust Fremont Philharmonic and is serving peared, and the industry has had a whole laws. This may be so, but it would be a year to gear up production. Yet, we still have marketing decision that violates the public presently on the executive board. He was shortages. interest, violates the principles of competi­ also made an honorary member of the There have been suggestions in thes_e hear­ tive supply and demand, and violates our Fremont Chamber of Commerce. ings that "consumer hoarding" and "panic national policies of promoting conservation Maurice has been married to his lovely buying" may be to blame for current short­ and recycling of precious resources. If these wife Emma for 50 years. Together they ages. I cannot speak for what is happening practices are in fact taking place, I believe have built a life dedicated to serving in other parts of the country, but let me tell that we in the Congress should take a hard others. Emma Marks, through research, you that in Bay City and Saginaw and Bad look at the law and consider corrective Axe and Caro, there is no hoarding. People action. discovered the Fremontia flower, which cannot find lids, period. Retailers tell us they I know that this question has been raised has five petals, symbolizing the five small place orders weekly, but receive no lids. In before and inquiries have been made, but communities brought together _to form this area of Washington, D.C., one of my staff it seems that all inquiries seem to end up the city of Fremont. It was adopted as members went to five separate retail con­ by simply asking the companies themselves the official city flower. cerns this past weekend to buy lids for a whether they are doing this. They respond The numerous accomplishments of constituent back home. She could not find by saying, "I am not a crook" and everyone Maurice Marks in the short time of 80 one lid. I don't think the consumer is to believes them. I think this Subcommittee blame. should look further into these marketing years, are an example to us all. He should, It is true that many gardeners may be try­ practices to see if this "shortage" isn't some­ indeed, be named Mr. Fremont. ing to buy their supplies earlier in the sea­ how being exploited by either manufacturers It is an honor for me to be able to join son than they normally do, but this is en­ or distributors to force the sale of jar and with all of his friends in wishing Maurice tirely understandable after what happened lid combinations to those who can't find a very happy 80th birthday, with the to them last year. I have no evidence what­ lids alone. hopes he will have many more. soever that they are buying more than they Mr. Chairman, the canning lid shortage need, however. To the contrary, most house­ is a very real problem. Our constituents are wives who have talked to me can't get any­ demanding action and I am not satisfied where near the number of lids they can use. that we yet have all of the answers we need. THE ETHICAL CHALLENGE TO So let's not blame the consumer. I thank the Subcommittee for this oppor­ AMERICAN BUSINESS AND EDU­ So who is responsible? Are we really to be­ tunity to present my thoughts and urge you lieve that the increase in demand is so sharp to continue to explore this very important CATION that 24 hours a day, seven days a week pro­ issue until it is finally resolved in favor of duction for almost a year hasn't produced the American home-canner. enough lids to meet that demand? Prices HON. HAROLD T. JOHNSON have almost tripled for these products, so the OF CALl:FORNIA economic incentive certainly should be there. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES It is simply amazing to me that our free en­ MAURICE B. MARKS-MR. FREMONT Tuesday, July 8, 1975 terprise system has not been able to respond to this supply and demand problem more Mr. JOHNSON of California. Mr. quickly and more adequately. HON. DON EDWARDS Speaker, the graduates of the School of But perhaps if we look into this problem OF CALl:FORNIA Business at California State University, a little deeper we might find some things of Chico, received a special challenge from interest. One point to remember is that there IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES are no longer any raw materials shortages. Tuesday, July 8, 1975 Dr. Lawrence B. Wilson, vice president We also seem to have no shortage of jar and and director of urban affairs for the lid combinations. Housewives in my district Mr. EDWARDS of California. Mr. United California Bank, at their com­ tell me they can purchase as many of these Speaker, on Tuesday, July 29, 1975, 500 mencement on May 25, 1975. Dr. Wilson, combinations as they want. In some cases, friends will gather at the Castlewood speaking on the past and future of the they are told they cannot buy lids alone, but Country Club to honor and celebrate American business community, addressed will only be sold separate lids if they also with Maurice Marks his 80th birthday. the graduates on the theme of ethics in buy some combinations. Testimony before this Subcommittee indicates that while de­ There is probably no individual in the the American business and education mand for new jar and lid combinations will city of Fremont, Calif., that has given communities. be about 300 million units this year, the more of his time, talent, and devotion Dr. Wilson has had wide experience in companies involved plan production of about to building Fremont into the city it has the field of education, Government serv­ 400 million jar-and-lid combination units. become. Maurice and his wife Emma ice, and business. During his career he Thus, we will have an excess of 100 million bought land and moved to Mission San has served as a college instructor, a sav­ units. 100 million lids would be available if Jose in January of 1946. ings and loan executive, organizer and we simply could do some unscrewing! At the same time that we have an over­ As head of the nomenclature commit­ officer of Superior Escrow Co., a Foreign supply of these combination units, the pro­ tee, Maurice had a decided influence in Service officer, and an official of the jected shortfall of lids alone could go as high the formation of the city of Fremont, and United California Bank. He has been ac­ as 1.2 billion units. the bringing together of the five small tive in many civic and community or­ Mr. Chairman, many of my constituents communities, and has since worked dili­ ganizations, including Men of Tomor­ believe that the oversupply of combination gently on every bond issue to improve row, the Los Angeles Urban League, the units, and the marketing practices that seem Fremont, from the original formation of YMCA, the United Way, the ICBO Na­ to be pushing these combination units, are an attempt by the companies to reap the the city to the establishment of Ohlone tional Conference of Christians and Jews, higher profits of these combination units. Community College the Los Angeles Board of Traffic Com­ People are being forced by the "shortage" to One of the gifts of talent that Maurice missioners, Dollars for Scholars, the Ad­ buy the jars and lids in order to get just the Marks has given to the city is his "Liv­ visory Committee of the School of Busi­ lids. They must buy jars they don't want and ing History of Fremont." Tapes of inter­ ness and Economics, California State they don't need. Views with longtime residents of the area University at Los Angeles. Dr. Wilson is I thought it was interesting that a repre­ and individuals who had a part in build­ also chairman of the Los Angeles County sentative of one of these companies yester­ ing the city as well as sets of slides o! Overall Economic Development Commis­ day could not cite the profit margin on the jar and lid combinations as compared to the development of the city are on file sion, a member of the Urban and Com­ the profit margin on just the lids alone, and available at the · Olone College munity Relations Committee of the Cali­ even though these products account for 30% Library. fornia Bankers Association, and a mem­ of his company's business. This kind of in­ Maurice Marks' civic activities are ber of the Board of Trustees of Howard formation would seem to be very basic to many and varied. He joined the Niles University. the running of a business. I have the feeling Rotary Club in 1950, and later began the In addressing the graduates, Dr. Wil­ that private enterprise in this case is very Fremont Rotary Club, acting as its first son has outlined the serious problems enterprising. It certainly is private. The Federal Trade Commission in a letter president. He continues to be an active which our country faces today. He gave to me has suggested that if manufacturers member in retired status. He has been a special attention to the ethical and moral are consciously producing more jar and lid member of the Niles Congregation responsibilities of today's businessmen combinations in proportion to just lids alone Church for many years. His support of and educators. In discussing the moral EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 9, 1975 climate which led to such problems as volvement in a secret million dollar bribe to claiming that it was wrong for educators to Watergate, which involved many busi­ the then President of the Republic of Hon­ be teaching or talking about values. Sadly, duras for favorable export rates on bananas many of their number became so entranced nesses as well as Government officials, began to unravel. by the behavioral exploits of their subject-­ Dr. Wilson outlined the need for a On last Wednesday (May 21) the Wall man-that they observed only what man did stronger e1Iort in emphasizing moral Street Journal reported that three (3) for­ and never dared to ask what man might be leadership in the field of education. He mer independent auditors of the scandal­ able to do given sufficient guidance, inspira­ called on professors of our universities ridden Equity Funding Corp. were found tion and incentive. and colleges to help in teaching attitudes guilty on multiple criminal counts of securi­ Since World War II our academic com­ of strong ethical conviction so that to­ ties fraud and filing falsified financial state­ munities have been quite upset by the rapid morrow's leaders can help to keep the ments with the S.E.C. social changes in the Nation. They have re­ I could go on ad infinitum and recite treated en masse from value-oriented teach­ country the great nation that it has be­ example after example of how a surprising ing. They have generally developed such a come over the years. number of America's finest companies and fear of stating what ls or may be a given Mr. Speaker, I believe Dr. Wilson's their executives seemed to have lost, along value that they have been careful to make comments have a message for us and for with Jeb Stuart Magruder, their moral com­ no value commitments at all. Teachers have the American people. Therefore I take pass. I think most of these companies and received very little help from textbook pub­ this opportunity to call them to the at­ their executives now realize that they must lishers in obtaining value teaching and value amend their ways. If not, government regula­ clarification materials. In the absence of tention of my colleagues: tory agencies, consumer activist and public being able to teach religious guidelines, they THE ETHICAL CHALLENGE TO AMERICAN interest groups and others are going to make have failed to teach the ethical values that BUSINESS AND EDUCATION it extremely difficult for businesses not only are basic not only to all major religions but (By Dr. Lawrence B. Wilson) to maintain any type of public image, but to a free society as well. Yet-it has never Mr. President, Dean Kinney, Members of to operate profitably as well. ceased to be the obligation of the educa­ the Faculty, Members of the Graduating Thus, it is at a crucial cross-roads that tional system of a nation to be a transmitter Class, Parents, Relatives, Friends, Ladies and many of you are about to launch your careers of values. Gentlemen. into the business world. Along with the dif­ An editor recently observed that a value­ First, permit me to say how flattered I feel ficulties of finding gainful employment in less education is apt to produce a valueless to have been invited to address this class this your chosen field during an economic slow­ people: I fear that education without values t1.fternoon. I consider it a distinct honor, and down, you must also contend, once you find may produce a people not only lacking values .I wish to thank you for your kind invitation. that job, with what I refer to as the ethical but actively deploring and despising them as Secondly, I would like to congratulate each challenge to American business and educa­ well. of you on having successfully completed the tion. American education today is in the midst requirements for the Baccalaureate Degree The ethical crisis confronting American of crisis. No one is pleased with the way the you Will receive this afternoon. I am sure business is shared by the greater society. Our education is being conducted. Trustees are that many of your parents, relatives and involvement in Vietnam and the Watergate troubled by spiraling costs, administrators friends who are present here this afternoon debacle formed the backdrop for the moral are disturbed by declining enrollments, pro­ are justifiably proud of you and your educa­ dilemmas facing America's business-persons fessors are concerned about the declining tional accomplishments. today. As we seek first to understand the need for professional educators, students de­ Some of you will be continuing your edu­ moral lapse of our society and business, we cry the abysmal gap between classroom peda­ cation at the graduate or professional level, soon find that this lapse is not the product gogy and real-life needs and hard-pressed and many of you will be entering the world of any one shortcoming ln our immediate mothers and fathers--and, yes, even grand­ of full-time work. Whatever your ambition past. Indeed, one must look back over the mothers and grandfathers--are choking at or goal happens to be, I urge you to permit last three decades--and do a good deal of the costs of it all and businessmen stand dis­ nothing to deter you in your efforts to historical browsing-to get an accurate fix appointed at the knowledge deficiency and achieve it. on how we got to where we are now. ethical confusion of the men and women During the Senate Watergate hearings last The past thirty years have witnessed a being sent their way via the American cam­ year, Senator Joseph Montoya asked Gordon head-long plunge into uncertainties and pus. Recent statistics from the Federal De­ Strachan what his advice would be to an dilemmas of the future. From a society that partment of Health, Education and Welfare honorable young man thinking of a political had just begun to adjust from a rural to tell us thait this society is spending nearly career. Stratchan thought for a moment, and an urban orientation, we were flung into $94 bllllon per year on education-yet NO said in a forceful manner, "Keep Out". World War II that permanently thrust us ONE ls genuinely pleased with the product If someone in this class would ask me what into our global community. Ending that war of American education. advice I would give to an honorable young with a terrible bang of an atomic bomb, we A recent article in TIME magazine indi­ man or woman today thinking of a business have llved under radioactive, moral and cates, in fact, that more than ill feelings or career, I would say, without hesitation, psychological cloud from that event ever idle suspicions are at play here. It is a fact­ "Come On In". since. From a fairly simple people long-con­ however displeasing or disquieting it may be I would say this despite the fact that busi­ cerned only with our own nation-building __,a fact that U.S. public school students are ness today ls being subjected to much criti­ we have had to contend ln rapid-fire succes­ learning less now than they did a decade or cism and a.buse. sion with the cold war, assassinations, a race even a few years ago. That is the horrifying David Rockefeller put it rather succinctly to the moon, urban riots and protests, Viet­ finding of not one but three separate na­ when he said: "It is scarcely an exaggera­ nam, Watergate, and inflation. The national tional tests. Here is one example. Most col­ tion to say that right now American busi­ roller-coaster ride we have been on for the lege admissions offices use scoring on the ness is facing its most severe public disfavor last three decades has hardly allowed for us Scholastic Aptitude Tests (SATs) to judge since the 1930's. We are assailed for demean­ to catch our collective breath. We have sur­ applicants. Would you believe that SAT ing the worker, deceiving the consumer, de­ vived this torrent of events, but we have scores across America have been falling every stroying the environment and disillusioning been seriously weakened. We are tired, con­ year since 1962 I And the director of admis­ the younger generation". fused, and possesoc;ed of a sense of doom and sions testing for the prestigious College En­ Within the past year a number of question­ gloom that pervades our society from top to trance Examination Board-following long able legal and moral practices on the part of bottom, from President to unemployed por­ and careful study of these numbers--con­ corporate executives have surfaced which ter. fesses that their conclusion is "real". In­ serve to undermine the positive image of cor­ Well, now you may ask-what does all of deed, he states flatly that the reason for these porate America. tbloc; have to do with me? With this fine uni­ lower scores year after year has nothing to Item: Nineteen corporations, several of versity? Or with education in general? The do with the test-for it remains essentially which are our largest and most prestigious, answer to that auerv is that during this unchanged. The reason is, he insists, a steady have pleaded guilty and have been fined for period of great social faulting, the schools, decline in the "developed reasoning ability" making illegal contributions to candidates colleges and universities of our Nation did of our students. for public office. Three of these corporations lit.tle to strengthen our live.;. our valuPs. A second study--one by the National As­ were found to be maintaining secret political Tndeed, future bl"ltoria.ns may very well ask: sessment of Educational Progress--reported slush funds: Where were the tP.!'1.r.hers whose examples were within the last few weeks that American stu­ Item: A. T . & T. in 1974 was ordered to to be ethical and moral guidelines? Some dents knew less about science in 1973 than make a. first year settlement of approximately were overcome by the notion that the nuclear they did just three years earlier. And the $45 million for discrlm1nat1ng practices in and space age we're too demanding of their results of a third study-sponsored by the hiring and upgrading of minorities. Another rarefied talents to permit them to be con­ Federal Government-show that public $30 million, of which 60 percent went to cerned with value<\. R.arely-during this pe­ school students' reading levels have been women, wa.s pa.id because of sex d1scrimlna­ r iod-did an a.dva..,ced degree graduate ever falling steadily since the mid-1960's. tion. h ave any kind of course in ethics or values. Turn these facts over ln your own mind Item: This past February, the chief execu­ ..Academic leaders. esneclally the social scien­ brlefiy-America spends $94 blllion per tive officer of United Brands plunged to his tioc;ts, armed them.,elves with the !mirit of year on all education. YET-the students death in New York City, the apparent vic­ the rockets and computers and waded into produced by American education read less tim of suicide. This came soon after h!.a in- the midst of the new behavioral fields, de, well than their parents or older brothers July 9, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 21927 and sisters, know less science at a time when York University wrote recently in the Wall and education as well as to the greater society more scientific knowledge exists than at any Street Journal a.bout the ethical trauma is to have no less than the foresight, the previous point in human history and-per­ now whipsawing corporate America. He said insight, the fortitude and the tenacity to do haps more frightening than all others-are that "at a time when the reputation of busi­ what is morally responsible and right. No losing their ability to reason. Surely you wlll ness in general ls low, when the standing in less can be expected if we a.re to regain our reach the same concluding question I do: popular opinion of the large publicly-owned bearings; no more could be asked if we a.re WHY? corporation is even lower, and when there is truly to fulfill what Abraham Linooln once The answer is, I think, no mystery. The a keen post-Watergate concern for probity­ said of America: "last best hope of mankind'". failures of American education-and, indeed, (ba.sic honesty)-among officials of all or­ the failures of the American society from ganizations public or private-at such a highest to lowest levels in the ethical time one would expect corporate executives sphere--can be traced along an arrow­ to be especially sensitive even to appearances FINANCING THE DEFICITS stralght path to the fateful decision to take of conflict of interest, or to the mildest de­ a neutral, hands-off position in the class­ viations from strict standards of fiduciary room where questions of human values are behavior. "Yet," he sadly concludes, "This HON. JAMES M. COLLINS concerned. · seems not, on the whole, to be the case." One educator has recently said that much Well, my friends, the corporate commu­ OF TEXAS ..nf the blame for the decline in American nity-the educational community-the en­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES education can be traced to television. This tire American community ls badly in need, Tuesday, July 8, 1975 generation-your generation-he says, "Is the I believe, of what Vice President Rockefeller generation of students most affected by the recently called-"a jolt". We need to be Mr. COLLINS of Texas. Mr. Speaker, media revolution." He may very well be right. shaken to our senses, wrenched from our money management is an issue that re­ It ls a fa.ct that many young men and wom­ fantasies of a world without standards or quires more decisive action than we give en today argue vehemently that reading ls absolutes, forced to concede that situation from Congress. Deficit financing caused passe, that we are in the midst of a knowl­ ethics means no ethics and, finally, that free by congressional spending has serious edge revolution unlike anything every seen men cannot live--or indeed survive-when on this small planet before-and that it is the standards they live by differ in no way implications. our good fortune to be alive at a time when from those observed by men who a.re not Eugene C. Zorn, Jr., the economist of communications media can update our free. the Republic National Bank of Dallas, knowledge base instantaneously and even That jolt may well have started less than wrote a paper on the trend. Bankers painlessly. a month ago, last April 30 with the fall of understand it. Secretary of the Treasury, For far too many Americans, I fear-both Saigon to the Viet Cong. History may well Bill Simon, has told us where deficit fi­ young and old alike-the mass media has record our involvement in Vietnam culmi­ nancing leads. Arthur Burns speaks con­ become the only real source of knowledge, nating in the rout of the army and govern­ sistently about loose financing. But the information and learning. And there are ment we once had sworn to support as the chilling problems with that fact. Chief among greatest repudiation of American interna­ public does not yet know the road they these is the fact that whatever data televi­ tional intent since our founding. The reper­ are being led down. I wonder how many sion or radio imparts ls, so far as the viewer cussions of that debacle are just beginning in Congress anticipate what will happen is concerned-and to the degree that he ls to be felt. We have already suffered the to the money market in the next 5 years. unable to watch all the media all the time­ infamy of having one of our major allies Congress should balance the budget a. jumbled mish-ma.sh of sporadic, random, in the Far East, Thailand, say publicly that now. We need to use more commonsense incoherent, inconsistent, uneven and even they feel we a.re "lacking in morality." The and stand behind Bill Simon at Treasury contradictory iassertions and/or impressions. past four weeks have seen other allies re­ with a positive program. Here are some The media never conveys anything like a assessing their foreign policy in respect to coherent, systematic body of factual knowl­ the United States. All ready talk has started comments from Zorn: edge. The same is true of values. about the unsoundness of any American in­ The impact on credit markets of the cur­ Where American educators have turned vestments in Asia, for fear that they could rent and prospective heavy Federal deficits neutral on the question of teaching con­ not be protected. cannot be evaluated in the context of tradi­ clusions about right and wrong, the American Perhaps this tremendous fall from inter­ tional business cycle responses. Rather, it media teaches everything-that right is national prestige, paralleling a similar do­ should be considered in light of the serious wrong, that wrong ls wrong, that right is mestic fall suffered by Richard Nixon la.st distortions that now exist in various sectors right and on and on. Adam-12 for example, August, might cause us to reflect, as he of the economy and credit markets a.s a may leave the viewer with the hard and fast surely must have, on where we lost our direct consequence of an inflation that has conviction that theft is wrong. But the movie been unprecedented in modern times. bearings. The performa.nce of theeoonomeitTic models of the week which immediately follows may I hope that the soul-searching will probe in the pa.st couple of years, in their failure celebrate a criminal conspiracy as not only some of the thoughts I have shared with to forecast subsequent trends and levels of successful and financially rewarding-but you already as well as the need to rekindle, economic activity and financial market con­ high adventure as well! And, when the late as we begin to celebrate our Bicentennial, ditions, points up the marked departure of evening newscaster relates the details of the that essential moral vision that first founded the current environment from the historical latest corruption in high places, what ls the this nation and captured, at that time, the 'experience upon which such models a.re young and malleable mind viewing this hopes of the world. Imagine successful, well­ constructed. kaleidoscope of values to conclude? educa.ted men like· Benjamin Franklin, The size of the so-called "gap" of Fed­ Unfortunately, so-called "value-free" Thomas Jefferson and John Hancock pledging eral deficit financing that might have to be learning-however imparted-is heavily their lives, their fortunes and their sacred financed by debt monetization through the laden with values; for the systematic nega­ honors to found a nation of laws and polit­ banking system is not as critical or mean­ tion of va.lues--or the persistent absence of ical freedom. Where a.re their counterparts ingful as is the effect of prospective large values-is itself a value system. Some call today? Can we summon enough faith in deficits upon the perpetuation or further it nihilism-the complete negation of every­ ourselves and our moral judgments to match aggravation of inflationary psychology, with thing, of all value, even the inherent value their ethics and their achievements? I be­ its influence on the savings-investment of the human being. Those who are cowed lieve we can and we must. process. Anticipations that deficits will gen­ by the preachments of value-free education It wlll require that. universities engage erate further inflation have become in­ a.re yielding up their young not to everything, professors who are not afraid to venture creasingly significant. as it contended, but to nothing. Can any forth in the ethical thicket and cut a pa.th Financial markets tend to adjust to ex­ human enterprise be built with confidence on for students to follow. It wlll require that pectation of what lies ahead. If expectations nothing? college view studenrts not simply as physics are that Federal deficits will result in sub­ Now this seemingly-academic discussion majors or history majors but first and fore­ sequent inflation, the effects on the cost and of the failings of our educational system, and most "responsible human beings and citi­ availability of funds will be experienced the importance of value-la.den teaching to zens." It will require the development of before the actual deficits have to be financed. the restoration of our educational excellence, commonly accepted concepts of what we Moreover, financial markets have becom9 ls not nearly as isolated as it appears. The want to be as a nation and as individual increasingly exposed to a. political environ­ Watergate tragedy made clear as nothing I citizens. It will require that you as future ment that gives rise to concerns that could say would, the enormity of the ethical managers of America's economic strength attempts might be made to legislate impedi­ problem in America. today. And the litany of place a higher loyalty in your moral beliefs ments to the functioning of market forces ethics-related challenges to the corporation than in your company's goals, but knowing on both supply and demand sides of the I began this address with, bring the Water­ as well when the two are truly in confl.ict market. gate scandal directly into the boardrooms and when and when not to compromise. If the foregoing analysis is accepted as and omces of corporate America-where many And it wlll require that all of us as voting valid, it may be stated that the problem of honored in this solemn assembly today may citizens continue to expect and demand the financing the heavy deficits, for at least the fairly soon be sitting. highest moral performance from our public next year or two, will not be a. crowding-out Irving Kristo!, the distinguished Henry leaders. by the Treasury of private borrowers from Luce Professor of Human Values at New The ethical challenge to American business credit markets, but rather the consequences 21928 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 9, 1975 of the deficits for total credit demands gen­ me that Valentyn Moroz, a Ukrainian Explanations are available, if not com­ erated by an inflationary economy. To the patriot and now prisoner of the Soviet pletely satisfactory. Many point to the elec­ extent that the deficits feed the inflationary Union, has been removed from prison tronic media as the culprit. Television, radio, psychology, they will amplify the distortions motion pictures, the telephone and the tape and imbalances that already exist in private and trans!erred to a psychiatric ward, recorder have lessened for many the necessity credit markets, including the propensity for probably in the Vladimir prison. of either reading or writing. I think it fair liquidity and the interference with long­ After the hunger strike and expres­ to say that most Americans are prlmarlly term savings-investment relationships. These sion of support and concern in behalf informed through these media. Indeed, such effects are likely to be more significant than of this brave man from all over the media are often used to enrich the educa­ the influence of the level of economic activ­ world, it appears that the Soviet Union tional environment. At least one explanation ity on the current volume of bank loans out­ now seeks to use scientific methods and for the widespread use of electronic media in standing. the classroom is, I fear, that teachers turn The Federal Reserve can supply reserves drugs in the disguise of hospitalization to them in desperation when their students through which the deficit can be financed. It to destroy this leading Ukrainian intel­ are unable to make effective use of the tradi­ can thereby add to the total supply of credit, lectual, break his will, and to eliminate tional educational medium-the written or as the reserves will support an additional one of the few remaining voices of free­ printed word. Helpful as audio- and visual volume of bank loans and investments. Since dom in the Soviet Union and the media are, their use may compound the a new supply is created, Treasury borrowing Ukraine. problem which may have stimulated their will not be drawing funds away from private Public opinion in the United States use in the first place-their students' in­ borrowers. The major concern, however, ls and the world does not tolerate this. The ability to profit from teaching/ learning ex­ that the Treasury borrowing wlll set in mo­ periences based on reading and writing. tion new inflationary forces that impact outrage of free men must be heard de­ Informed by non-literate media both in and upon the supply and demand for funds in manding not only the emancipation of out of class, the students' interest in, and markets for private credit. Valentyn Moroz but also returning to abllity to use the written language declines. With growing concentration in b111s and freedom the social dissenters everywhere Proponents of such methods point out with other short-term issues, private holders have behind the Iron Curtain. persuasiveness, that students should be used Treasury issues primarily as a source taught with the tools by which contempo­ of liquidity. As additional debt is created in rary society communicates. Maintaining· in­ the period of heavy deficit financing that lies terest. an important prerequisite to learning, ahead, the preference for liquidity is likely is certainly tmportant. And it ls demonstrable to be reinforced. INDIVIDUALISM AND THE "RIGHT that initially at least, this can be done more It ls the near-money character of the debt, TO READ" easlly with electronic media than with con­ including a recognition that it is not likely ventional teaching tools. to be retired, that is more significant than Equally plausible ls the contention that whether it is "monetized." However, it would HON. LARRY McDONALD "democratization" of the public institutions be expected that banks would seek to main­ of higher learning has brought about an in­ tain a posture of liquidity if inflation is OF GEORGIA evitable decline in the preparedness level of anticipated down the road, and therefore IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES entering students. As new elements of our would confine their acquisitions to short Tuesday, July 8, 1975 society, formerly denied access to higher edu­ maturities. cation because of cultural, racial, economic To the extent that the deficits are financed Mr. McDONALD of Georgia. Mr. or academic disadvantages, were brought into in the non-bank credit markets, the growth Speaker, recently I chanced to read a the college eetting, some short-term reduc­ in the narrowly-defined monetary aggregates statement by Dr. Joseph Kitchens, as­ tion in standards was inevitable and per­ will be restrained. However, in view of the sistant professor of history, Georgia haps even desirable. Unfortunately, what propensity of investors for liquidity in an Southwestern College, relative to the began as a humanitarian compromise by environment of anticipated inflation, even well-intentioned educators may be generat­ the debt financed outside the banking sys­ decline in a student's ability to read and ing a self perpetuating downward spiral in tem will assume near-money characteristics. write. Dr. Kitchens points up that we the quality of our college graduates. Several In the absence of a surplus, the Treasury is have to face the fact that we are crip­ factors influencing the academic setting have forced to search out new investors to replace pling our youth by not insisting they made it difficult to return to rigorous stand­ those who are liquidating their debt hold­ learn to read and write properly. As ards. Among these are the "crunch" of infla­ ings at the very time that the private credit Professor Kitchens states: tion, the fading of social imperative for col­ demands are likely to be heavier. The task lege education and the stabilization of the of the Federal Reserve in seeking to restrain To be crippled in one's ability to com­ municate in writing is to be denied a free­ birth rate in the wake of the World War II the growth of inflationary demands for credit "baby boom." These factors and others add again becomes increasingly difficult. Some ob­ dom, creativity and privacy that should be the right of all. up to a leveling off of college enrollment and servers view these consequences as producing in some instances, a disastrous decline. For interest rates far beyond previous peaks·. I wholeheartedly agree and commend administrators and faculty members, self One of the most serious consequences of his article to the a tten tion of my col­ preservation becomes a prime consideration. protracted and heavy deficit financing is that, Academic standards are often the victim. as a result of the continuance of inflationary leagues. The article is taken from the Georgia PTA Bulletin for June 1975: Although some colleges have made a belated forces and attitudes, growing compartmen­ commitment to teaching the basic literacy talization of private credit markets will INDIVIDUALISM AND THE "RIGHT To READ" skills that apparently went unlearned in develop. Demand for credit for strong bor­ (By Joseph Kitchens, Ph. D.) the primary and secondary schoolc;, the pros­ rowers remains heavy. pect for their being able to curb the decline The persistence of inflation-with its per­ In recent months, several news magazines and scholarly journals have carried articles in literacy are not bright. Too much contrary verse effects on cost-price and income rela­ pressure is brought to bear on them by social, tionships-is likely to result in an inability of expressing concern over a surprising phe­ nomena-an apparent nationwide decline in economic and demographic forces. the weak borrowers to finance their require­ Observers, even professional ones, who ments at the same time that credit demands literacy. A prestigious national testing serv­ ice reports a decline in the verbal skills of favor more rigorous training in the com­ of the stronger borrowers may escalate rap­ munications skills not infrequently receive idly. The phenomenon is not primarily a students entering our colleges and universi­ ties. Many states, including Georgia, have a cold shoulder from their colleagues and matter of interest rate differentials, but society at large. Often, they are accuc;ed of rather one of credit-worthiness of borrowers instituted standardized testing procedures to insure that college graduates will possess a holding to an outmoded concept of educa­ adversely affected by the economics of infla­ tion, or worse, of being elitists. Such scepti­ tion. minimal knowledge of grammar and com­ position. In this day of "open door" admis­ cism seems to be based on the assumption sion to most public-supported institutions that (a) they are hopeless traditionalists of higher learning basic language skills are enamoured of Victorian rigor and propriety, FREEDOM OF VALENTYN MOROZ no longer a prerequisite for enrollment and (b) that they are snobs, who are determined a growing percentage of the colleges' infla­ to use literacy as an arbitrary bar to keep tion-riddled resources are being diverted to minority groups and the poor out of college, HON. JOHN D. DINGELL finance remediation programs in the lan­ or (c) both. What real justification exists, OF MICHIGAN guage arts. Colleges are increasingly assum­ they ask, for the primacy of reading and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ing responsibility for equiping their students writing in the educational process? with skllls the teaching of which was once I believe the answer is that reading and Tuesday, July 8, 1975 thought to be the special domain of "gram­ writing are such highly adaptable and ver­ Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, com­ mar" schools. Why are we faced with this satile means of communication and expres­ mounting concern over basic literacy in a sion. As such they assure our adapabllity as munications from constituents and nation that has long accepted the necessity individuals and a fuller development of our friends active in the Ukrainian Congress of basic primary education and devoted its interests. Electronic media alone do not pro­ Committee of America, Inc., indicate to resources to provide it? vide the means for securing our own unique- July 9, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 21929 ness. We are restricted in the pursuit of the paper they are written on as far as up a number of fraudulent applications, but things which interest primarily ourselves the mortgage companies are concerned. said the office was hampered by the large when we rely on mass communications. This In another example of the complete number of rejects. The "unnecessary" docu­ is, of course, true of books as well, but to breakdown of the housing program the mentation required by the Chicago office, said a lesser degree. Written communication is Mr. Hipps, "slows the processing." He con­ still the most versatile resource for our own Tribune reported that a mortgage com­ cluded: personal educational needs. To be crippled pany in Chicago in turning over a house "The attitude ... is one of suspicion of in one's ability to communicate in writing to FHA stated that the house was the mortgagee, the broker, and the applicant. is to be denied a freedom, creativity and "vacant, clean, and secure." It was a The noted deficiencies are indicative of proc­ privacy that should be the right of all. The house on which FHA had paid over $15,- essing in the Chicago office which causes dis­ "Right to Read (and Write)" is no atavism. 000 in mortgage insurance. The reality satisfaction with the single-family housing We need these capabllities now especially. of the situation was far from "secure." program. In addition, it reflects a negative Youth in the Sixties rekindled our desire and suspicious attitude and a misunder­ for individuality and unique personal ex­ There were holes in the roofs and floors, standing of outstanding instructions." pression. Tragically, there is some evidence the plaster walls were battered in, plumb­ The source of this dissatisfaction seems that this same generation is somewhat less ing was never turned off and drained, clear. A highlight of the inspection tour was literate than its predecessors. If we are to causing warping and rot. Vandals with a meeting May 16 between task force mem­ fulfill that generation's hope for a fuller life free access to the house had strewn gar­ bers and 30 industry representatives, includ­ for its children, we must insure that they bage and trash throughout the house. ing mortgage bankers, builders, and develop­ are able to secure it, at lea.st in part, Is this any way to run a housing pro­ ers. Local HUD and FHA officials were barred through reading and wrltlng effectively. Sup­ gram? And why are such abuses occur­ from this meeting, possibly for fear they port the primacy of literary sk111s in our ring? I think my colleagues will find this might be tactless and show proof of consist­ public schools. We all will be the bene­ ent violations by some lenders. ficiaries. editorial a cogent and informative anal­ The June 16 report, and the subsequent ysis of the situation, and I hope its mes­ orders from Washington, leave little doubt sage is heard loud and clear all the way that HUD's top echelons do not want to hear at HUD. It is time to put an end to this about the need for reforms; they want go­ HUD VERSUS HOUSING a.long people who won't make trouble for in­ ENFORCEMENT waste and to construct a decent and re­ sponsive low- to moderate-income hous­ dustry or their fellow burocra.ts. This throws some doubt on Mr. Wa.ner's future. As we ing program that works: write, a new dataohment from Washington is HON. rt.ARTIN A. RUSSO HUD VERSUS HOUSING ENFORCEMENT in Chicago grilling Mr. Waner and other lo­ OF ILLINOIS Leading burocrats of the Department of cal officials on where The Tribune got its in­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Housing and Urban Development in Wash­ formation for the series on FHA scandals. ington have decided why their agency works Apparently HUD has its "plumbers" too, just Tuesday, July 8, 1975 so badly: The trouble is those local officials like the Nixon White House. Mr. RUSSO. Mr. Speaker, there is a who keep trying to make it work better. To In our view, Chicago area residents can be national housing scandal in this country meet this problem, Washington has ordered grateful that John Waner is in cha.rrge of such officials to lay off, stop trying to crack federal housing programs here. In his four that has cost our Government billions down on the easy-money housing racketeers, years in office, he has proved himself a tough, of dollars, tens of thousands of destroyed and become just as flabby as their superiors dedicated administrator willing to'fight tire­ houses, and the decay of hundreds of at protecting the public interest. . lessly to make things work-actually provide good neighborhoods. The true dimensions This take-it-easy policy is the more strik­ decent housing for those who need it. His of the disaster are buried under the red­ ing in view of The Tribune's investigative record, under immense handicaps, is tape in the files of FHA and HUD. series which detailed the ruinous waste and excellent. The Chicago Tribune has conducted deterioration-totaling some $4 billion over If he· and his able staff a.re now to be dis­ an outstanding 7-month investigation of seven years-that have resulted from HUD's ciplined for tryil}g to protect the public in­ nonenforcement of it s own rules. terest in definance of official policy, HUD and the housing scandal involving FHA and The orders to lay off were received two its leaders will have showed which side mortgage companies, so thankfully the weeks ago at HUD's regional offices in Chi­ they're on. It isn't the public's, and the pub­ disaster is not as buried as it once was. cago, and have led to a fascinating situation. lic can be expected to take note of it. Today I want to share with my colleagues Our local officials, to their lasting credit, say a recent Tribune editorial on what Chi­ they're not going to obey them. cago housing administrators are up Within this giant federal agency, it seems, against when they are dealing with the bat tle lines are being drawn between officials Washington bureaucracy. I am afraid it who want HUD to work as Congress intended WEST POINT DAM and t hose who don't. The outcome may is not an atypical situation. decide a fundamental quest ion of govern­ I think my colleagues are as deeply ment: whether federal agencies are pri­ HON. JACK BRINKLEY concerned as the taxpayers who are, as marily meant to benefit t h e public, or the OF GEORGIA usual, bearing the brunt of this inepti­ payrollers who run them. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tude. Damaged and destroyed homes are The orders came after a task force from bought by the Federal Government for Washington visited the Chicago offices of Tuesday, July 8, 1975 billions in tax dollars and then sold for HUD and its subsidiary agency, the Federal Mr. BRINKLEY. Mr. Speaker, the Housing Administration, last May. The visit next to nothing. apparently was prompted by complaints to great American poet Robert Frost once Let me give you a specific example the HUD in Washington from a mortgage com­ said that "in order for a place to be Tribune reporters cited in their articles: pany doing millions of dollars in FHA busi­ great, you must start with a good piece A $20,000 home in Chicago was sold at ness here. of geography." What better way to salute auction by FHA for $501. Of course, there On June 16, the task force issued a. report the years of effort by those who made were some drawbacks for the buyer. Van­ that supported the complain ts and in effect the West Point Dam and Reservoir on dals had knocked the doors wide open. criticized the Chicago office and its director, the Georgia-Alabama line a reality? All windows were broken, fixtures were John L. Waner, for doing their job too con­ Indeed, they started with a good piece scientiously. It said Mr. Waner had been smashed, sinks, bathtubs, toilets and checking up too thoroly on mortgage compa­ of geography and, through years of boiler had been stolen and wet and stink­ nies, developers, and home buyers making hard work and patience, built a land­ ing trash was littered throughout the use of FHA-backed mortgages, and had been mark. I am proud it is part of my district. house and yard. So the taxpayer lost taking excessive care to inspect FHA-insured But I am even prouder to be so closely close to $20,000 on this deal. The average homes for structural, electrical, plumbing, or associated with the many people, both loss to the Government on each FHA heating defects. Hundreds of such homes in in Georgia and Alabama, who worked foreclosure is more than $13,000. the Chicago area have been abandoned be­ diligently to bring the West Point proj­ In the instance cited above, the FHA cause of undetected defects which the buyer ect to fruition. said it had to give away the house, be­ couldn't afford to repair. Yet the report said Prior to the actual dedication of West local requirements for certification inspec­ cause it was so badly damaged; t..11e demo­ tions were "unfair" to mortgage companies Point, there was a ceremony during lition costs were not much less than the and prospective sellers. which the cornerstone was laid, on worth of the lot the house was sitting on. The report also criticized the Chicago FHA June 6, 1975. The speakers there were There are FHA regulations requiring office for running stringent credit checks on most appropriate, for the project meant protection of vacant buildings by the applicants for FHA-insured homes. Its au­ much to them. mortgage companies, but they do not thor, George 0. Hipps of the national HUD Former Congresswoman Elizabeth seem to carry much more weight than office, conceded that the checks had tmned Andrews of Alabama, whose late huti- CXXI--1382-Part 17 21000 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 9, 1975 band, the distinguished Congressman they experienced-year after year having the Webster's words: "Let us develop the re­ George Andrews, put forth so much for Appropriations Committee and the Congress sources of our land; call forth its power, build the project, is a gracious lady whose and the Budget Bureau say NO, no money for its institutions, promote all its great inter­ Fort Gaines. But you know anything worth ests and see whether we in our day and gen­ fashion of dress complements the ele­ having is worth fighting for. The fight has eration may not perform something worthy gance of her being. And R. SJ:iaefer continued through those years and has grown to be remembered." Heard, who is known far and wide as with intensity. I believe that the patriots of the year 2000 "Mr. West Point Dam," has earned that "During the last session of Congress.. I will look back on this day with pride. We owe title and can wear it with pride because offered an Amendment in the Full Appropria­ a great debt to those whose efforts have made his had indeed been a guiding hand tions Committee which carried by one single it possible. Let us today rededicate ourselves since the conception of this massive vote, and that one vote will enable us today to continuing service of our country so that project. to blow the dirt to start construction of the by the year 2000 we will be judged "worthy Fort Gaines Lock and Dam. It seems to me to be remembered". At this point in the RECORD, Mr. that the best things that happened in my life Speaker, I submit their remarks. as. a have been by close, close vote. I went to REMARKS BY: R. SHAEFER HEARD gesture of my own personal pride m Congress in '44 with 44 votes. We'll break Someone asked me why I got interested West Point and a tribute to these two ground today with one vote. in river development. I have heard it talked wonderful people: "But I like to think of the great benefits ever since I was a boy about a flood control WEST POINT DAM that will come to our section of the country dam on the Chattahoochee above West Point. when this great project has been completed­ (By Mrs. George Andrews) The flood of December, 1919 I was trapped navigation, plenty of hydro-electricity, ~ood on First Avenue .from Monday afternoon My gratitude is as deep and as wide as the control, recreation. Let me read you briefly until Friday afternoon upstah:s in my Aunt's Chattahoochee today. First, let me thank you what General Itschner of the Engineers home on First Avenue, with 12 others. We for allowing me to complete George's 14th wrote me back on the 27th of May of this had an oil stove, but not much food, and term in Congress. I was able to complete som_e year, speaking of the navigation features of the City water main was broken on the river things near and dear to him, and for this I this project. 'It is now estimated that 1,277,- am most grateful. It was a great honor to bridge which washed away and we had no 000 tons of traffic will develop on the water­ water to drink. It was December and the George and to me. I also want to thank you, way when the system is complete, which is especially the committee, for remembering weather was cold. We had to go to bed to more than twice the previous estimate.' Navi­ keep warm, and we had to ration our food. how much this project meant to George. As gation, hydro-electricity, commercial water. I scanned his scrapbook after Mr. Lanier We were thirsty so I went down stairs and You and I know that unquestionably in­ dipped up the red river water-we strained called me, I realized again how long thiS dustry is coming South. Coming where? To project had been in the making. George it, boiled it, and made coffee on the oil stove. Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, Georgia.

payments, ts returned to state and local gov­ ". . . Revenue sharing's continuation is way ( 1917). In 1926, Webb played shortstop ernments on the theory that, since officials important for each community to continue for the Wayne Pirates in the Negro National at these levels are closer to the people, they to address unmet public needs with the League. are more acutely aware of local needs. flexibility this program offers." He was official scorer for the Black Big Program administrators have done an Fortunately, the local examples of this Leagues for some 17 years. extraordinary job funneling such large sums program's tremendous benefits are sure to Webb, the moving force behind efforts to of money to grateful, efficient recipients. have a strong impact on one of the politi­ catapult the Cool Papa in the Hall of Fame Graham W. Watt, director of revenue shar­ cians in a key place to influence the fate of in 1974 makes it crystal clear that he feels ing, handles the massive funds with a total revenue sharing. As ranking Republican on that Foster should be included with him. staff of less than 70 people-including pro­ the House Appropriations Committee, Rep. Said the man who has compiled data as it fessional and clerical workers. Unlike most Elford A. Cederberg, R-Midland, carries a lot relates to Negro baseball for a period that government bureaucracies, where much of of weight when he speaks of budgetary con­ spans in excess of a half-centry, "Andrew the money is wasted in a needless maze of cerns. If he wisely lends his active support (Rube) Foster is the most brilliant figure the personnel and paperwork, revenue sharing to the continued health of revenue sharing great national sport has ever produced. He money gets maximum results with each dol­ he will earn hearty thanks from thousands should have entered the Hall of Fame behind lar spent. of city officials across America.. Satchel Paige .... I feel that the special During the two years that revenue sharing committee had better wake up!" checks have been arriving in cities like Mid­ "Rube Foster was a great man, a truly land, the funds have maintained essential outstanding athlete ... to leave this man public services and, in many cases, at the. NORMAL "TWEED" WEBB out of the Hall of Fame would be a big joke." same time relieved pressure on local taxpay­ The assertion is that o! Normal {Tweed) ers. For example, in fiscal 1974-75, which Webb, renowned historta.n on black base­ began July 1, the city of Midland will receive HON. WILLIAM (BILL) CLAY ball history. The remarks were ma.de in an about $476,785-a total of about $1.2 million. interview. OF MISSOURI The money, like that before it, wlll pick up He reeled off reasons for the support of the tab for projects that ordinarily would IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Foster: "(1) He was greatest pitcher (up to have forced tax hikes, necessitated !budget Tuesday, July 8, 1975 1910); (2) he was greatest manager ... in cuts in other areas or would have remained the class With John McGraw of the New York dormant. Mr. CLAY. Mr. Speaker, the pantheon Giants and Connie Mack o! the Philadelphia Since the program began, city councilmen of American Sports immortals contains a Athletics; • • • have designated revenue sharing funds for: good many figures who have not become a new municipal service center ($1.3 mil­ household names across this Nation. But lion); a northwest fire station and a new How GREAT WAS RUBE FOSTER, FORMER truck ($275,000); an economic development national notoriety is never an accurate PITCHER, MANAGER AND PRESIDENCY? program ($50,000); and miscellaneous park measurement of a dedicated sports en­ (By Normal "Tweed" Webb) improvements and developments ($99,000). thusiast's contribution to his chosen County commissioners have also invested field. 'POP' LLOYD wisely in: road equipment, leading to a 40 Mr. Speaker, one such sports great In my "Hot Stove League" column on per cent increase in road restoration pro­ is Normal "Tweed" Webb, baseball play­ March 28, 1965 I wrote the following: grams ($116,274); improvements in Veterans er, organizer, reporter, and historian of "Scores of old time baseball players and Memorial Park near Sanford ($58,000); addi­ fans last week attended the funeral services tions to Pine Crest, the county nursing home unique and special talent, charter mem­ for John Henry 'Pop' Lloyd, former slug­ (over $185,000); four parcels of land in the ber of the Amateur Baseball Hall of ging shortstop for such teams as the Bacha­ city for future county use ($208,177); and Fame. "Tweed" has recently retired rach Giants, Cuban Giants, Philadelphia improvements at the county fairgrounds from active duty, but for all the many Giants, New York Black Yankees, Hillsdale (over $50,000). whose lives he enriched, from Elston Stars, Leland Giants, Lincoln Giants and The list of projects for which revenue the Chicago American Giants, managed by Howard to Luke Easter to Sam Jethroe the great Rube Foster. sharing money has either been spent or al­ to all his anonymous readers and ad­ located goes on and on. Revenue sharing has mirers in the St. Louis area, he shall "He played from 1905 through 1931 in the obviously left a savory taste in the mouths Negro Leagues. In 1942, at the age of 58, of local budget tenders. The resulting pro­ always occupy a special niche in our Lloyd retired from semi pro ball in Atlantic grams have generated uncalculated benefits memories. City as a manager and first baseman, still reaching far beyond the monetary amounts Mr. Speaker, for the enrichment of my hitting the ball hard. invested. oolleagues in the House, I commend to "He died in March 19, 1965 there. He was Across America cities big and small are their attention material which describes born in Palatka, Florida. on April 25, 1884. harvesting the benefits of revenue sharing. a man they would be most fortunate to He was 5'11 and weighed 180 pounds. Atlanta and Chicago are using the money to know, Normal "Tweed" Webb. I now "One of baseball's immortals, Pop was born pay firemen's salaries. Houston bought 20 insert these pages in the RECORD: 50 years too soon. During his life he estab­ garbage trucks, a fire pumper, an air pollu­ lished all kinds of records but the goal he tion helicopter and a police helicopter [From the St. Louis Globe Democrat] sought more, playing in the big leagues eluded him. ' hangar. New Orleans' mayor says that with­ ROBERT L. BURNES, THE BENCH WARMER out its $18 million annually, the city would James "Cool Pa.pa" Bell, star of the old "In 1912, the late John J. McGraw, Man­ be broke. Detroit would be in an equally Negro National League and inducted into ager of the New Yor~: Giants, tried to get desperate situation without its $43.1 million John Henry into the majors but was unsuc­ the Hall of Fame of Cooperstown, N.Y., last cessful." each year. August, will be honored by the Old Pros With the program spreading so many ben­ Unlimited of Chicago at their annual soiree WILLIE WELLS efits from coast to coast, it is almost incon­ June 28. Willie "Devil" Wells, one of the greatest ceivable that such a landmark among so Sha.ring honors with Cool Papa that night shortstops in the old Negro Leagues. many other foul-smelling projects would will be his long-time buddy, Normal "Tweed" Wells made his debut here with the fa­ not be renewed. Yet, city officials across the Webb, who is a member of the Amateur Base­ mous St. Louis Stars in 1924 and played nation are worried that Congress might nort ball Hall of Fame. with them through 1931 when they dis­ extend the program beyond its December, Incidentally, black baseball historian Webb banded. The 5'7", 160 pounder was recog­ 1976 expiration date. Ready to cling to their recently picked an all-time Negro all-star nized as a masterful shortstop who pos­ funds to the bitter end, these officials are team . . . and we were prepared to go into sessed good speed, fine hands and an accurate busy forming lobbying strategies and deep argument with him ... because his list (though not strong) a.rm. mounting an intense two-year pressure omitted such names as Bell, Josh Gibson and He was especially adroit at going back campaign. Satchel Paige . . . but then we noted that and hauling in Texas Leaguer bids. As Midland Mayor Gene W . Holthofer Webb had said it's a team of players who are Wells broke in with San Antonio in 1923. noted in recent testimony before the Mich­ not in the Hall of Fame ... Okay, Tweed, no He played in the winter league in Cuba for igan Municipal League's Finance and Taxa­ a.rgumen ts. thirteen years with his travels ta.king him tion Committee: On his team are such famous names as to Puerto Rico, Mexico and even in Canada. "Expanded and improved public service Willie Wells and Mule Suttles of the old After leaving St. Louis and the Stars he has been our key concern. Three decades of St. Louis Stars ... Oscar Charleston of Pitts­ had tours o! duty with the Kansas City failure to provide proper facilities for the burgh, Ray Dandridge of Newark. Mona.rchs,_ Chicago American Giants, In­ city's public works, traffic department, parks dianapolis Clowns and the Newark Eagles.... maintenance and water distribution is com­ TWEED FORMING WRITERS' CAMPAIGN FOR RUBE all powers in the NNL. ing to an end ... Without the capital repre­ FOSTER IN THE "HALL OF FAME" Devil had a career mark of .320. He is sented by revenue sharing to invest in the Tweed has followed baseball since he was weigh1ng the possibility of coaching the public's future, the community level of a boy for Rube Foster's team when they ca­ Houston Tillotson College Baseball Team public service would have deteriorated. Torted at Kuebler's Park over on North Broad- also. July 9, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

TWEED REFLECTS 60 YEARS OF RECORDS BLACK Kenney, with Savage Speed fanned 20, how­ A ROCKY JOB OF REPORTING ON GREATS OF YESTERYEAR ever, losing, 1--0, because of miscues by his ORGANIZED CRIME (By Normal "Tweed" Webb) infield. How great was the late "Rube Foster," In Tween's 44 years of service to Tandy former pitcher-manager and president of Baseball League before he retired in 1966, he has had a hand in grooming such local HON. WILLIAM (BILL) CLAY Negro baseball? OF MISSOURI "Andrew (Rube) Foster was the greatest big leaguers as Elston Howard, Big Luke Easter, Al Smith, Sam Pendleton, Quincy IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES pitcher, manager and president we ever had Troupe, Ted Savage, Sam Jethroe and Nate in yesteryears, the era before Satchel Paige Tuesday, July 8, 1975 days. I have seen all the black greats of yes­ Colbert. teryears since 1912 and have been a keen Mr. CLAY. Mr. Speaker, if the Rocke­ feller Commission on CIA activities had baseball observer for 55 years. Foster was NORMAL "TWEED" WEBB'S RECORD BOOK the Father of Negro Baseball and organizer any public credibility to begin with, it of the Negro National League in 1920." Normal "Tweed" Webb, long time St. Louis lost that when Vice President RocKE­ Those were the words of Normal (Tweed) Argus Baseball Reporter and Scout, who cam­ paigned for the admission of Blacks into FELLER characterized its recent report as Webb, black historian and long time St. revealing of no major transgressions Louis Argus baseball reporter, made at the the major leagues before the "Jackie Robin­ home of James "Cool Papa" Bell, 3034 Dick­ son Days' and whose effort led to James " CoHosiery of High Point. blazing, and the 39 hostages come out safe-­ in Charlotte, a. period he says "was the high an economy of force reminiscent of one of point of my life." the more alluring Pentagon formulas of the Charlotte was one of the first Southern 1960s, the "neat surgical strike." But was the cities to desegregate its downtown res­ THE BEST AND THE BRIGHTEST operation neat or even surgical in the sense taurants, and Davenport recalls the time that it was the military force that extracted with pleasure and verve. "It was a very the crew? Running thrDugh the Mayaguez. complex operation. The students still had HON. CHARLES H. WILSON crisis was much of the muddled, impulsivo to go to classes and getting them into Char­ OF CALIFORNIA policymaking that marked the worst and. lotte and back for their classes meant that IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the most ineffectual of the US intervention car pools had to be organized. We arranged in Southeast Asia over the last decade. Even with black-owned service stations for gaso­ Wednesday, July 9, 1975 taken on its own terms, the operation does line and we would issue yellow cards to cer­ Mr. CHARLES H. WILSON of Cali­ not seem a reassuring demonstration of the tain students with cars so they could get a force option in international politics. certain amount of free gasoline." fornia. Mr. Speaker, an article in the As so often in the Vietnam war, ther& The Charlotte police department was more June 14 New Republic, "What To Make would be in the Mayaguez incident puzzling enlightened than those in other Southern of M ayaguez" by Roger Morris, raises questions about Washington's ability or good' cities and there was very little violence, some very critical questions about the faith in managing the delicate balance be­ and so little bitterness that Davenport for future conduct of our foreign policy. tween diplomacy and force. Notes requesting a time considered using the reputation he Mr. Morris' thesis, which I support, is the crew's release went to the Cambodian had built during the movement as the basis that the handling of the M ayaguez crisis Embassy in Peking and to the Chinese gov­ for a political career. "I only came to New ernment on the afternoon of May 12, within York to go to Columbia [where he got an was consistent with the muddled and impulsive policymaking that marked U.S. 12 hours of the seizure. Officials now say both MA in psychology] and I intended to go notes were retur.n~d without response 24- back to Charlotte." involvement in Vietnam and was a hours later, though neither Secretary of State­ To support himself and his family-he had throwback to Nixon era foreign policy Kissinger nor President Ford apparently saw married Barbara Hausley while he was in with its "sudden swings to savage un­ the return as a rejection of diplomacy. "It college and their daughter was born in 1960- predictability." [the return] didn't mean anything," Kis­ he worked as a caseworker for the Welfare In clear violation of the 1973 War singer subsequently told reporters off the-­ Dept. and attended Columbia part-time. record. "The Chinese have good Xerox ma­ He rose fairly quickly through the civil Powers Act, the Ford administration's M ayaguez chines." service system, becoming a vocational coun­ orchestration of the incident Yet less than 24 hours later, on May 14- selor and eventually supervisor of the de­ was, in Mr. Morris' words, "quite possi­ only two days after delivery of the notes and partment's program in rehabilitative coun­ bly its most irresponsible act in office." the same afternoon the US asked UN Sec­ seling. He also became active in a Harlem The U.S. response to the Mayaguez cap­ retary General Waldheim to intercede-Pres­ Democratic club and abandoned his plans ture was characterized by diplomatic ident Ford ordered the raids. The assault be­ to go back to the Soutb.. confusion, inaccurate military intelli­ gan less than two hours before Phnompenh The Davenports now have four daughters broadcast its "order" to the Mayaguez "to and live in the middle class sector of Har­ gence, and sheer capriciousness. Most importantly, the Mayaguez experience withdraw from Cambodian waters." Lengthy lem that is called "Sugar Hill." Davenport lS and propaganda-laden, the statement was vice-chairman of the local planning board, has obscured far more urgent interna­ obviously in the writing prior to the US at­ and says, "there isn't much sugar left." tional problems which cannot be solved tack. Four hours after the broadcast th& With his new administrator status, at by force. crewmen were aboard the destroyer Wilson, $45,400 a year, comes a car and driver to bring Because I believe Congress should re­ having sailed in a small boat the 30 miles him home to his office at a.bout eight ea.ch appraise its acquiescence in the Maya­ from Sihanoukville. Lost in the superfluous morning and take him home again about guez incident, I would like to share Mr. squabbles raging at the moment and in the seven in the evening. "I accept it as part Morris' perceptive article with my col­ later self-congratulation was the strong of the role," he says. probability that the Cambodians had re­ In his spare time, which he says is scarce, leagues: leased the crew not under marine guns, but he likes to read about foreign affairs. He has WHAT To MAKE OF MAYAGUEZ rather as a diplomatic decision. a lingering desire to write a book a.bout ex­ The Mayaguez rescue seems one of those After the crisis, however, the diplomacy periences in the civil rights movement in events destined to shrink from banner head­ of those two days was dwarfed by the details Charlotte. line to footnote. It has been easy to see the of the fighting. About the most important raids in terms of the vulnerable psychology diplomatic communications presumably yet of the Ford administration in the aftermath sent by the Ford administration, there was SYMBOL OF EXCELLENCE AW ARD of the final disaster in Vietnam. A frustrated casual confusion. The President, said. Whit& President acts forcefully to shore up his sag­ House aides, had "no idea" whether the Cam­ ging domestic constituency and the coun­ bodians had received the May 12 note. At HON. RICHARDSON PREYER try's international credibility. "Our thirty the same time Kissinger was telling the press, OF NORTH CAROLINA seconds over Tokyo, and it felt pretty good without further comment or question.3, that IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES for a change," as one senior State Depart­ both messages got through and that the ment official put it. Chinese "counseled restraint" by Cambodia. Wednesday, July 9, 1975 The Congress, press and public, all with It was not just a question of principle in visibly mixed feelings about Vietcong flags giving diplomacy a. chance. Even officials sup­ Mr. PREYER. Mr. Speaker, recently flying over Saigon, were glad to share in the porting the military action were worried that five manufacturing firms in my district therapy. "The main thing that has hap­ once a diplomatic solution was in process. were awarded the Sears, Roebuck & Co. pened ..." explained James Reston in The the raids might have backfired disastrously. Symbol of Excellence Award. New York Times, "is merely that Uncle Sam Had the crewmen not already been released, This award is presented each year to went out of Cambodia and slammed the a Cambodian regime that had decided to give recognize those manufacturers who door .. ." Three weeks later Washington is them up on its own initiative (or perhaps at maintain the highest level of product in­ again preoccupied with a messy, inglorious Chinese prodding) might well have reneged battle over energy policy, defense budgets under military coercion, particularly since tegrity and overall excellence in the man­ and a sick economy. the marine assault on Tang Island missed the ufacture and service of that product. Yet if the Mayaguez affair was a fleeting crew entirely. In a time when we hear too often of thing, it did provide a. vivid illustration of "It was almost a mini-Marigold," said one the bad news of our economy and have some more enduring realities of American concerned official, referring to the code name too much spotlight on the negative side foreign policy. As an exercise in crisis man­ of December 1966 secret peace negotiations of our free-enterprise institutions, I think agement and credibility, it was, on closer that collapsed when US planes bombed Ha­ it is important for us to give attention examination, scarcely the success it seemed. noi in the midst of promising diplomacy by to the positive accomplishments of firms As a. political event it was remarkable for the Poles. In any event, sa.y several sources. what did not happen after nearly a. decade Washington opera.ted in the Mayaguez sei­ such as these five. of dissent and legislation against arbitrary zure with almost no diplomatic intelligence Therefore, I am pleased to take this presidential action in foreign affairs. And in on the possible intentions of the new Cam­ moment to add by congratulations to a. sense, seen against other, less publicized bodian regime. Lower level State Department those of the people in our district and to but far more serious crises, the raids were officers with long experience in Cambodia express our pride in the recipients of this an ironic symbol of Washington's growing were excluded from the center of crisis man- July 9, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 21941' :agement, much as the handful of officials the B-52s would have been to "frighten" the for J..ts military-diplomatic implications or for .analyzing Hanoi or the Vietcong were absent Cambodian government away from making the serious practical and Constitutional am­ from the critical decisions by President,s humiliating demands on the US. "It was biguities it exposed in the war powers legis­ .Johnson and Nixon on the war. Gerald Ford the only means at our disposal (without the lation. in 1975, as his predecessors had so often be­ carrier)," Kissinger told the reporters, again The Mayaguez raids laid bare in that re­ fore him, seems to have struck in Southeast off the record. Assuming this wa.s more than spect a reality in the politics of foreign policy Asia not as a last resort after exhaustive posturing, the questions of objective and that many liberals have denied or ignored. It diplomacy, not in some genuinely informed sense of proportion in such an option strain is that the congressional majorities that pro­ -calculus of the adversary's intentions, but the imagination. How many B-52s? With duced the war powers and anti-bombing leg­ oy what must have been a largely intuitive wha.t intensity on what targets, military, islation of 1973-74 and even the broader as­ judgment that he had no other choice. urban, rural? How long, in defiance of spe­ sertion of foreign policy prerogatives in this Whatever the timing and motivation for cific congressiolllal prohibition, would it be session have not been anti-militaristic, or ·the raids, the tactical military planning before the Khmer Rouge, with their own even anti-imperial in the sense of the gun­ turned out to be as questionable as the di­ hard-earned expertness in strategic bomb­ boat politics of the Mayaguez. The specter :plomacy. For the umpteenth time in Indo­ ing, surrendered the crew? Here it is 1975. haunting most of the Congress was not so <:hina, in a bloody sequence from the Tonkin The Indochina. wa.r is a bitter lesson learned. much arbitrary presidential foreign policy as -Gulf to the Tet Offensive, American forces Yet we are suddenly back in June or De­ the great faux pas of that system-land em­ were committed to battle with fatally inac­ cember 1972, or FebrUJarY 1965, intent on broilment in Indochina. Once that danger <:urate military intelligence. According to intimidation beyond our interest and prob­ had receded, for most members the point was Pentagon officials the marine company land­ ably beyond our political capability to made. ing to face savage resistance on Tang Island sustain. "We took a bath in the Gulf of Slam," had only misleading, low definition satellite All this must be fairly weighed, o! course, said one congressional aide about the Ma11a­ :photos and no up-to-date reconnaissance. against the a.d.ministraJtlon's perspective on guez. But the uncritical congressional ac­ Whether Pentagon planners were inhibited the crisis. The President and his a.dvisers ceptance of the crisis was only pa.rt of a. by fears of alerting the Cambodians, or were no doubt in the grip of the Pueblo larger surrender already in motion. The re­ whether 48 hours was too short a time to tragedy, whatever the differences between cent reversal of the Turkish military a.id <>rganize the proper intelligence, the lesson the two cases. They were anxious to avoid cutoff, the defection of liberals like Sen. 1'or any observant government is that the further "defeat" in Indochina, which they Walter Mondale (D, Minn.) from support of United States is not especially adept at such saw as demoralizing at home and embold­ the Mansfield amendment to reduce troops in <>perations. The precedent for Mayaguez in ening enemies abroad. The operation was Europe, the genteel co-opting of the Senate 'this respect was the futile Son Tay POW raid conducted, explained Secretary of Defense Special Committee on the CIA-all signal an into North Vietnam. Like Mayaguez, Son Tay James Schlesinger in his baroque style, for abiding fear the Congress has of sustaining would have been "successful" only if the "purposes necessary for the well-being of even its partial responsibility in foreign -captors had decided to release the prisoners this society." policy. independently of the military action. Moreover, the culturial ~aip inevitable in Perhaps the most insidious effect of the So too were there troubling doubts about such encounters was probably deeper than Mayaguez experience, however, was to ob­ Washington's command and control of the ever; a Khmer Rouge reported to be empty­ scure the far more urgent international prob­ military strll:::·. Official sources are unani­ ing Phnompenh to create an isolated lems facing the Ford administration, prob­ mous that communications between Wash­ agrarian communism may well have seemed lems in which even efficient military force or ington and the task force in the Gulf of Siam utterly irrational to a former congressman good faith diplomacy appear increasingly were nearly instantaneous, with constant from Grand Rapids. And as always even the useless. To the extent that the Mayaguez radio contact. Yet at perhaps the most cri­ best and the brightest civilian officis.Is a.re cast foreign policy in terms of US credibility, tical point in such a crisis--the moment hostage in a crisis to the quwlity and candor it slowed understanding that the real crises when the objective has been accomplished of their military staffs. a.re mainly within rather than between na­ and operations must be carefully measured But Washington's blunders, if thinly veiled tions, and therefore beyond our reach. Thus to avoid embroilment exceeding policy-the by publicity, were neither academic nor ex­ the collapse of NATO that Mayaguez was administration's simplest communications cusable. To potential future players in the supposed to help forestall proceeds from failed. Between the Pentagon's receipt of the credibility and force option game--whether political and economic instabilities in Por­ news that the crewmen were returned and Arabs, Israelis, North Koreans, the Soviets tugal or Italy or Great Britain that not even the relay of that crucial message to the Presi­ or the Chinese, all of whom have to take a Kissinger's brilliance can remedy. So also, dent, who immediately ordered the strikes more precise view of such events than the the food and energy crises, which Kissinger to cease, there was a lapse of 21 minutes. It American Congress or press--the demonstra­ flew off to Europe to address after Mayaguez, was during those 21 minutes that the car­ tion may have been just the opposite of what are at their core vast problems of domestic rier planes bombed the Cambodian main­ was intended or is now widely supposed. Our politics and social organization in both the land at an airfield near Sihanoukville. crisis diplomacy can be seen as uncoordinated industrialized and poor countries. No ex­ In the official version of the matnl11.nd or hypocritical, our military intelligence ternal force will bring the land reform or population control or technological trans­ raid was to protect the marines still on chronically flawed, White House civilian com­ mand and control perhaps unreliable, esca­ formations that will determine the shape of Tang Island, though the logic of those tac­ the world in the last quarter of the century. tics would have dicta.ted either a preventive lation to B-52 strategic bombing an almost It was far more important for the future strike timed with the initial landings more reflexive resort. These precedents might deter some governments with room to be cowed by foreign relations of the United States, for than three hours earlier, or simple surveil­ example, that Kissinger recently proposed lance of the field to attack any Cambodian our sheer capriciousness. More likely the Mayaguez presents a future adversary with new concerted action in developing alterna­ T-28s attempting to take off. The bombing tive energy sources and a one billion dollar was obviously a punitive gesture. But the the prospect of a diplomacy he cannot trust and a military opera.tion neither side can world food reserve, even if his schemes can­ explanation for continuing the strikes well not be imposed by Washington. But it was aftP.r the crew had returned seems far more measure, the ingredients not of credibility, but of catastrophe. about the Mayaguez that columnist Joseph disturbing. "The momentum of the opera­ Kraft concluded "that the government can tion was too strong," said one high official The loose control and excesses of the crisis were almost certainly easier amid the ready do some things and do them fairly well." in words redolent of August 1914, "to turn Even the Middle East, presumably a cen­ it back at that point." It was as if military acquiescence of the Congress. Before it had basis to judge either the situation or US ac­ tral audience for the lessons of Mayaguez, "momentum" had soonehow carried u~ is becoming less amenable to such crisis planes to attack, for good measure, the tions, the Senate Foreign Relations Commit­ tee unanimously endorsed the use of force. management. The recent domestic turmoil Russian vessels after they h-ad turned back in Lebanon, with far-reaching consequences from the blocmde of Cuba during the 1962 Except for Gaylord Nelson (D, Wisc.) and George McGovern (D, SD), who spoke out, for both the Palestinian guerrillas and Is­ missile crisis, or President Eisenhower had rael, is likely to be much more important allowed the bombing of the Suez Canal tn and Edward Brooke (R, Mass.) who quietly sent the administration a list of questions, than any demonstration in the Gulf of 1958 to cover the marine landings in Leb­ Siam. anon. Whether indulgence of loose bombing the Senate seemed generally prepared to be, as Sen. John Stennis (D, Miss.) put it, "as Seen in a longer view the M ayaguez crisis plans or inadequate civilian control, the still belongs to that Nixon era of foreign Ford administration's handling of the ma.in­ severe as necessary." The House followed suit, its bold freshmen for the most part suddenly policy when sudden swings to savage unpre­ land attacks in the Mayaguez crisis may mute in the mysteries of national security. dictability in using military force were quite possibly have been its most irrespon­ Few on Capitol Hill will quite say it, but thought necessary to maintain our security. sible act in office. President Ford violated the long-fought 1973 Ironically it was a younger and more de­ But then apparently Washington barely War Powers Act, the language of which ex- tached Henry Kissinger who warned in 1961 averted a still more bizarre step--'1ihe use of pressly obligates the President to consult the that, "to make of ambiguity a principle of B-52 bombers if strong headwinds had not Congress "before introducing US armed forces conduct is to court disaster." But if the ghost brought the Coral Sea into position for the into hostilities ..." "We were informed, not of that earller Kissinger pointed to the perils operation by May 14. Confided to reporters consulted," observed Majority Leader Mike o! the Mayaguez policy or cautioned against traveling with Kissinger to Vienna four days Mansfield (D, Mont.). But the Congress shows its self-deluding aftermath, no one seems to after the crisis, the strategy in deploying no disposition to investigate the crisis either have heard. 219~ EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 9, 1975 RESOLUTIONS ADOPTED BY THE gress of the United States to enact such QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY GENERAL COURT OF THE COM­ legislation as may be necessary to allow greater imrr.igration to the people of Northern MONWEALTH OF MASSACHU­ Europe; and be it further SETTS Resolved, That copies of these resolutions HON. JERRY M. PATTERSON be sent forthwith by the Clerk of the House OF CALIFORNIA of Representatives to the President of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES HON. JOSEPH D. EARLY United States, to the presiding officer of each branch of Congress and to each member Wednesday, July 9, 1975 OF MASSACHUSETTS thereof from this Commonwealth; and copies Mr. PATTERSON of California. Mr. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES also be sent to the Secretary and Vice Presi­ dent of the United States. Speaker, I recently sent out a congres­ Wednesday, July 9, 1975 sional newsletter to my constituents. In­ Mr. EARLY. Mr. Speaker, the General RESOLUTIONS MEMORIALIZING THE CONGRESS OF cluded in the report was a questionnaire Court of Massachusetts has adopted two THE UNITED STATES To ENACT LEGISLATION survey to determine my district's views resolutions which I believe are worthy of PROVIDING ECONOMIC INCENTIVES FOR USERS on some of the major issues confronting note and may benefit Members of other OF ALTERNATIVE SOURCES OF ENERGY the Nation. Copies of the questionnaire States, since the subjects of the resolu­ Whereas, the residents of the Common- were mailed to about 160,000 homes and tions are areas of particular concern to wealth of Massachusetts and other New Eng­ businesses in the district. this Congress. land states pay the highest rates for elec­ Over 5,500 responded to my question­ tricity and oil in the nation; and naire. The letters have been opened The first, a resolution memorializing Whereas, the so-called energy crisis has the Congress to allow greater immigra­ caused a substantial increase in said rates; and the results tabulated. My office in tion to the people of Ireland, urges the and Washington is still receiving returns, al­ Members to review the immigration act Whereas, the said crisis is causing individ­ though the results herein were as of enactect in July of 1968, to more equi­ uals to consider the feasibility of alternate June 30. tably deal with visa requests from Irish home-power energy sources; and I am pleased to share the percentage citizens. Whereas, the use of solar, Wind, water or other innovative power sources would ease results with my colleagues, and I include The second, a resolution urging the the energy crisis; now therefore be it them at this point in the RECORD: Congress to enact legislation providing Resolved, That the General Court of 1. Should I support econoinic recovery economic incentives for users of alter­ Massachusetts hereby respectfully urges the measures to stimulate employment even native sources of energy, is certainly one Congress of the United States to enact leg­ though such programs Inight temporarily which bears directly on legislation we islation providing econoinic incentives increase the budget deficit? have had and will have before us in the through tax credits or other means deemed (Amounts in percent) near future. The State of Massachusetts appropriate for users of alternative sources Yes, 50; No, 50. has born a tremendous burden in the en­ of energy; and be it further 2. Which of the folloWing do you feel Resolved, That copies of these resolutions would be most effective in stimulating the ergy crisis. All of New England has suf­ be transinitted forthwith by the Clerk of fered considerably more damage from economy and reducing unemployment? the House of Representatives to the Presi­ a. Public service jobs, 19. the combined and intertwined effects of dent of the United States, to the presiding b. Increased funding of housing and other energy shortages and the economic up­ officer of each branch of Congress and to each construction programs, 25. heaval than most other areas of the member thereof from the commonwealth. c. Business tax credits, 19. country. d. Individual tax reductions, 33. I hope that my colleagues in the Con­ e. No answer, 2. gress will read these resolutions with an 3. To combat inflation, which of the fol­ eye toward legislative action, and I ap­ DffiTY LINEN lowing do you prefer? preciate this time to include them at this a. Increase in personal income taxes, 2. b. Increase in corporate income tax rates, point in the RECORD: HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE 17. RESOLUTIONS MEMORIALIZING THE CONGRESS OF TEXAS c. Increase in interest rates, 3. OF THE UNITED STATES To ALLOW GREATER d. Reduction in Defense Department spend­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IMMI GRATION TO THE PEOPLE OF IRELAND ing, 18. Whereas, Unfortunately, there seems to be Wednesday, July 9, 1975 e. Reduction in other Government spend- a part of the new U.S. immigration p.:>licy ing, 46. which is neither just nor equitable toward Mr. TEAGUE. Mr. Speaker, an article f. Wage and price controls, 9. the Irish, and as a practical matter, the in the June 19 edition of the Bowie News g. None of the above, 5. average Irish person who desires to come of Bowie, Tex. discusses the recent and h. No answer, 1. and settle here in the United States will no forthcoming investigations into the ac­ 4. Do you think the size of the federal longer be allowed to do so; and tivities of the Central Intelligence budget should be reduced? Yes, 93. No, 7. Whereas, If the present U.S. Immigration Agency. The article is written by Mr. Jim If yes, which of these categories do you Law had been on our statute books one · Winter, the editor of the Bowie News. think should be cut? hundred and fifty years ago at least ninety His thoughts on the investigations de­ a. Military construction, 6. per cent of the Irish in America would not b. Weapons production, 5. have been allowed to enter the United serve consideration by every Member of c. Military manpower, 3. States; and Congress and the general public. d. Health services, 3. Whereas, It is recognized that the old im­ The article follows: e. Education, 4. migration law was unjust and unfair to some Well, it looks like we are going through f. Veterans assistance, 3. other nationalities but that the 1965 Im­ another orgy similar to the Watergate thing. g. Employment assistance, 3. migration Act substituted a law which, now, The CIA has come under the guns of all the h. Public transportation assistance, 6. is as unfair to Ireland as the old law was left wing congressmen and senators, along i. Law enforcement assistance, 3. to these other nationalities; and with all the radical groups in the country j. Foreign economic aid, 21. Whereas, Irish nuns and brothers have, and I suspect before this is all over, anything k. Foreign military aid, 19. for many years, staffed schools, hospitals, the Reds didn't know about our intelligence 1. Revenue sharing funds, 6. orphanages and rest homes for the aged in system will be old hat. While your senators m. General government, 1 7. our nation and these religious groups, who and congressmen are worrying about the CIA n. No answer, 1. activities, they continue to stand by and 5. Energy Options desire to come here to continue this work, Ever since those bad days last year of long must now wait their turns because of this in the space of about two years let the So­ viet Union become the most powerful naval lines at the gas station, the subject of otl new Immigration Act; and and energy has been on everyone's mind. Whereas, In 1965, the Irish ranked fifth force in the world. It is our judgment that it would be extremely hard for the CIA to re­ Regardless of whether the term "energy cri­ among the n ationals immigrating to the is strict its activities solely in foreign countries sis" appropriate, the Congress cannot ig­ TJnited States and since then, she no longer because of the widespread communists ac­ nore the subject on energy conservation. ranks fifth or even tenth. Irish immigration tivities in this country and more especially Congress must and will act on several energy ls at an all time low. In 1967, 2,665 were in our nation's capitol. It is ridiculous to proposals now before it. I have listed the admitted. Since the enactment of the new assume that we give blanket approval to major policy choices on which I will soon law in July, 1968, a total of 1,076 persons everything they have done, but it is just as be voting. Please indicate which, if any, of applied for visas and through November 30, silly to wash ALL of our dirty linen in front the folloWing you would support. 1968, only 72 were issued; therefore be it of the world. This will surely destroy the a. Gas rationing, 4. Resolved, That the General Court of agency that ls entrusted to keep our country b. Import tax on foreign oil, 6. Massachusetts respectfully urges the Con- on relatively safe ground with our enemies. c. Increased gasoline taxes, 3. July 9, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 21943 d. Offer tax incentives for the purchase of THE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH is being used by hundreds of agribusiness­ smaller cars, 11. STATION AT WOODWARD, OKLA.­ men to produce MORE food at LESS cost ... e. Increase the use of nuclear power, 18. A VITAL PARTNER IN AMERICA'S every one has resulted in dollars saved (or f. Increase the use of coal gasification, 11. earned) for these men who have the re­ g. Invest more money in solar energy tech­ FOOD INDUSTRY sponsibility of feeding the world. nology, 16. (And, incidentally, every extra dollar these h. Require auto manufacturers to produce HON. GLENN ENGLISH men make means more taxes they pay to cars with 50% greater gas efficiency by 1980, support the federal government, including 18. OF OKLAHOMA the USDA!) i. Remove all auto emission standards now IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Pat Mcllvain, superintendent at the in effect, 6. Wednesday, July 9, 1975 Woodward station, tells us the station's j. Make greater investment in public trans­ budget is only a quarter-million dollars an­ portation, 9. Mr. ENGLISH. Mr. Speaker, America nually. Instead of eliminating the station, he 6. Are you in favor of limiting the amount has long been noted for the skill of its proposed adding another $210,000 which of money an individual or group can con­ farmers, who through the years have would support three more scientists ... tribute to a political candidate's campaign? found the skills and techniques to pro­ which would result in more practical test Yes, 82. No. 16. No Answer, 2. results ... which would result in more food 7. Taking into account the high cost of duce more and more food from each acre for the world. communication With the voter via the media of American farmland. If America is to meet its moral obliga­ and the mail, would you favor? When the land-grant colleges started tion of feeding a starving world let's not a. Public funding of primary election cam­ cooperating with the U.S. Departmeht cut back on the USDA's experiment pro­ paigns, yes, 16; no, 28. of Agriculture on research to help farm­ grams that result in more and better food! b. Public funding of general election cam­ ers become even more productive, many Once a freight train is moving down the paigns, yes, 20; no, 27. stations across the country benefited tracks at 50 MPH, the engineer can cut back c. Partial public funding of primary elec­ from this working partnership. the engines and achieve a heck of a saving tion campaigns, yes, 29; no, 23. One of these research stations is in in fuel costs-until the train gradually slows d. Partial public funding of general elec­ to a halt. But if the engineer wants to get tion campaigns, yes, 34; no, 22. Woodward, Okla.-and the Woodward to his destination, he's got to pour on the e. No public funding, 3. station has made a number of dramatic coal, not cut back. 8. Do you support the President's plan to advances in the years it has been in op­ If America is going to attain its goal of bring 50,000 Vietnamese Nationals to the eration. And, more importantly, these feeding a starving world, the USDA must United States and have them assimilated discoveries have been made at a savings increase experiments at the Woodward field into our American society? to Federal, taxpayers, since Oklahoma station (and prograins at other agricultural Yes, 49. No, 51. stations) and not cut them back. In the 9. Do you feel that we should continue to State University provides numerous re­ search personnel to the station at no long haul, a cutback now will only result in evacuate Vietnamese Nationals if the oppor­ a slowdown of the nation's food train. tunity arises under the new government? cost to the Government. Yes, 32. No, 64. No answer, 4. Recently, the U.S. Department of Ag­ riculture has announced that it has plans to close down the Woodward sta­ KIWANIS CLUB SENIOR CENTER, tion. It seems to me that the USDA is ignoring the best interests of the Ameri­ FORT WAYNE, IND. HALT AID TO INDIA can people in making this decision, since it is unlikely that the university will be HON. J. EDWARD ROUSH HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK able to support the station's vital efforts OF INDIANA OF OHIO alone. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The Enid Morning News, on June 24, printed an excellent analysis of the im­ Wednesday, July 9, 1975 Wednesday, July 9, 1975 portance of the Woodward station to Mr. ROUSH. Mr. Speaker, the Kiwanis Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, arrests America. Since 1t is important that this International Convention was held re­ continue in India. Opposition leaders, research continue without interruption, cently in Atlanta. One of the Kiwanis students, and thousands of other In­ I include this article in the RECORD at Clubs in the Fourth Congressional Dis­ dians have been arrested. No one seems the conclusion of my remarks for the in­ trict of Indiana, which district I repre­ to know for sure how many have been formation of my colleagues here in Con­ sent, was the recipient of an award for arrested. Censorship is being exercised gress, and for the use of the USDA: service to the community during the past not only on the domestic press but also BRAKING THE NATION'S FOOD TRAIN Kiwanis year of 1973-74. I would like to on foreign correspondents. The world is starving to death. take this opportunity to describe the ac­ Is this a reaction by Indira Gandhi to So what is the federal government doing tivities of that Kiwanis Club of Fort the threat of imminent invasion? No, it about it? Wayne, Ind. is simply a move by the leader of India The U.S. Department of Agriculture has The Kiwanis Senior Center won the to stay in power after being found guilty announced its plans to close the agricultural award. This club is replacing the senior experiment station at Woodward-a field of election irregularities. station dedicated to increasing the world's citizen recreation center that was con­ The United States from fiscal year food supply. demned in 1972. They are being assisted 1953 has given more than $9.3 billion to And it's not as if the Woodward station by the efforts of the city of Fort Wayne India. This does not include aid from has been a failure in its efforts. Just the op­ and the park board, so it is a real com­ multilateral sources of which the United posite is true. munity project. The city of Fort Wayne States was the largest contributor. During its years of service, the station has agreed to purchase the site of the center This aid was usually defended by the come up with scores of test results now being and participate in its funding. rationale that while India might not al­ used daily by farmers and ranchers through­ To date, the Kiwanis Club of Fort ways agree with us it was the largest out the Great Plains-results which mean Wayne has raised over $600,000 of the more food at less cost to feed the world's democracy in the world and therefore hungry. center's cost and completion of the cen­ we should give substantial aid. We have The station has come up with such pro­ ter is expected in July 1976. been giving substantial amounts of aid grams as: The new center will be located in the to India under this rationale. Now with Feeding out 700-lb. weaning calves com­ city of Fort Wayne's three-block senior the arrests and numerous other restric­ pared with 400 to 500 lbs. elsewhere. That's citizens' complex that will also include a tions in India this rationale seems to be MORE edible meat at no more cost. high-rise living unit and stores for elderly open to question. A system for feeding cattle that takes far shoppers. The center, which will cost the less of the rancher's time, so he can spend With the present situation I call on it raising other food to feed the world. Kiwanis Club $750,000, will include an the President to place an immediate halt Better varieties of tomatoes, grapes and auditorium, kitchen, pool room, card on aid to India. Furthermore, I urge the other foods. room, workshop and a Kiwanis Memorial House Committee on International Rela~ The list could go on and on, enumerating Library. The Council on Aging and the tions to begin immediate hearings on the the many experiments which have been suc­ Social Security Administration will also question of human rights in India. cessful and have proven results. Every one be housed in the complex. 21944 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Ju.ly 9, 1975

I believe that the Kiwanis Club of Fort tion of interpreters, maintenance of an THE WHITE HOUSE, Wayne is to be congratulated, and I am updated master list of all certified in­ Washington, June 11, 1975. especially pleased that completion is due terpreters, requires that appropriate DEAR SHERRILL: Senator Dole brought to my attention your efforts to learn of your for July 1976. I cannot think of a better equipment and facilities for translation father's status since his plane was downed way to celebrate our Nation's independ­ be available to each district court, and in combat over Laos in 1971. I want you to ence and unity. requires that a fee schedule for inter­ know that neither your father nor his val­ preters be devised in each district. The iant service to his country has been forgot­ fees for interpreters may be paid either ten. He and our other men in the armed by the court or, in the court's discretion, forces who are still missing in action in HERMAN BADILLO INTRODUCTION by the parties involved as a part of the Southeast Asia have done their duty-and OF BILINGUAL COURTS ACT costs incurred in the court's action. so much more-for our country, with great skill and courage. It is my duty-and my The intent of this legislation is to in­ firm intention-to seek a full accounting HON. HERMAN BADILLO sure that language minorities are af­ for every one of these men who was not re­ forded the protections of the fifth and OF NEW YORK turned. I pledge to you that I will nat stop sixth amendments. The fifth amend­ these efforts until your father and every IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ment provides: other missing American is accounted for. Wednesday, July 9, 1975 No person shall ... be deprived of life, I want you to understand that I do care about your father and share the concerns Mr. BADILLO. Mr. Speaker, on liberty, or property without due process of law. and frustrations of you and your mother June 26, 1975, I introduced for myself in trying to obtain information about him. and Mr. ROYBAL legislation which pro­ Can it be doubted that any legal pro­ In an effort to learn the truth, I intend to vides for more effective bilingual pro­ ceeding, whether civil or criminal, which continue efforts to obtain a full accounting ceedings in Federal district courts of the places a person or his property in jeop­ on your father and the others still missing. United States. This bill, H.R. 8314, is ardy without insuring their full partici­ You are deservedly proud of your father's dedication and sacrifice. I share that pride identical to legislation recently reported pation in the trial process is devoid of and I will not break faith with him, with out of the Senate Judiciary Committee basic and fundamental fairness as to be you, or with the many other missing men and represents a modification of similar contrary to the due process clause? The and their families in our common effort to legislation which I cosponsored earlier sixth amendment guarantees that in "all determine the truth. in this session with Mr. ROYBAL and Mr. prosecutions the accused shall enjoy the Sincerely, EDWARDS of California. right to be confronted with the witnesses GERALD R. FORD. In recent years we have witnessed a against them; and to have the assistance national effort to make the benefits of our for his defense." The fundamental rights legal system available to all Americans, of confrontation and counsel in criminal whether rich or poor, old or young, black, matters becomes an empty gesture to a FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION white or brown. Although our efforts to defendant unable to comprehend the achieve the goal of equal justice for all charges of his accusers or consult with has been marked by some successes, there counsel relative to his defense. HON. TOM STEED is still an enormous amount of progress I urge my colleagues to review this OF OKLAHOMA needed in this area. One of the most vital legislation and hope that it will be IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES pressing problems confronting the move­ enacted by this Congress. ment for legal reform is the plight of our Wednesday, July 9, 1975 non-English-speaking citizens. Language Mr. STEED. Mr. Speaker, in further minorities have been denied equal access compliance with my announced purpose to courts and are severely h andicapped by PRESIDENT FORD WRITES REAS­ of extending into the RECORD proposals their limited abilities with the English SURING LEI'TER TO DAUGHTER of the Federal Election Commission as language in the courtroom. OF AN MIA FATHER published in the Federal Register, I here­ When non-English-speaking individ­ with include a new issue. My purpose is uals have to participate in legal proceed­ to give wider distribution to a vital mat­ ings, as the victim or the defendant, the HON. WILLIAM M. KETCHUM ter and I suggest that some interested legal proceedings are conducted in a lan­ OF CALIFOR'NIA Members will find it useful to retain guage virtually alien to them. These cir­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES these materials in their office reference cumstances have contributed to a seri­ Wednesday, July 9, 1975 files. The material is as follows: ous unequal administration of justice. [Title 11, Federal Elections; Chapter II, Justice must require that the people in­ Mr. KETCHUM. Mr. Speaker, a most Federal Election Commission, (Notice volved in legal proceedings understand reassuring letter from President Ford 1975-8)] what is taking place in the courtroom. to the daughter of one of our men mis­ IMPLEMENTATION OF FEDERAL ELECTION The legislation I introduce today will sing in Southeast Asia has been brought CAMPAIGN ACT remedy this problem. The act spells out to my attention by Mr. E. C. "Bus" Mills. Extension of time to comment on pro­ the responsibilities of the Federal courts Mr. Mills, my good friend, is National posed rulemaking. and standardizes procedures to insure Director of the National League of Fam­ The time period within which written that competent interpreters will be avail­ ilies of American Prisoners and Mis­ comments concerning any part of the No­ sing in Southeast Asia. I know that my tice of Proposed Rulemaking (Notice 1975- able upon request in all cases involving 2, 40 FR 23833, June 2, 1975) wm be received non-English-speaking people. colleagues share my grave concern over by the Federal Election Commission is ex­ First, the act provides that whenever the fate of our missing men, and feel tended to July 15, 1975. a judge determines either the plaintiff, they will all appreciate learning that the THOMAS B. CURTIS, defendant or a witness does not speak President has restated his firm commit­ Chairman, for the Federal Election or understand English adequately, the ment to securing a full accounting for Commission. proceedings must be conducted in a court our MIA's. Certainly, this letter, and its Date: July l, 1975. accompanying release, show plainly that equipped for simultaneous language (Title 11, Federal Elections; Cha.per II, Fed­ translation of the proceedings. In civil our men h ave not been forgotten: eral Election Com.mission (Notice 1975-9)) actions the judge is allowed more dis- PRE SIDENT FORD WRITES REASSURI N G L ETTER INTERIM GUIDELINE: COMPLAINT PROCEDURE cretion as to when the proceedings must TO DAUGHTER OF AN MIA FATHER be translated simultaneously. In addi­ Miss Sherrill Standerwick, daughter of 1. F i ling. Any person who believes a vio­ Colonel R. L. Stan derwick, U .S. Air F orce lation of the Federal Election Campaign Act, tion, the defendant in any criminal ac­ as a.mended, 2 U.S.C. Section 431, et seq., or tion, or a party in any civil action, who wh o was declared Missing in Act ion Febru­ ary 3, 1971 in Laos, received t h e following of Sections 608, 610, 611, 613, 614, 615, 616, is entitled to translation may waive the letter from President Gerald R . Ford. The or 617 of Title 18, United States Code, has translation in whole or in part. The letter is a personal on e to Sherrill but she occu rred may file a complaint with the Fed­ waiver must be expressly made by the de­ feels t he families and the public sh ould k n ow eral Election Commission, 1325 K Street, fendant or party and must be approved of the Presidents firm commit ment and de­ N.W., Washington, D .C. 20463. by his attorney and by the judge. termination t o ge t an honorable accounting 2. Form of Complaint. There is no pre­ Second, the act provides for certifica- of each Missing American. scribed form for a complaint, but all com- July 9, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 219~5 plaints must be typewritten or handwritten presidential convention financing, other ex­ beyond the amount estimated and paid for legibly in ink. The person making the com­ penditure reports, advisory opinions, state­ without further authorization from the per­ plaint must sign the complaint, the com­ ments relating to Presidential Nominating son requesting the records or copies. plaint must be verified by the oath or af­ Convention Fund provisions, and other in­ {h) In addition to any other fees or charges firmation of such person taken before an formation relating to financing of Federal which may apply, a. fee will be charged for officer authorized to administer oaths, and elections shall come under the purview of record autnen.tication as provided in the include his or her address and phone num­ the Federal Election Commission. Some of Commission's current schedule of fees. Au­ ber in the complaint. A complaint shall name the aforementioned information was for­ thentication shall include an attestation that the person complained against (respondent), merly required to be submitted to the Secre­ the document copied is a true copy of the describe in detail the alleged violation or tary of the Senate, the Clerk of the House, original and a certification that the person violations and shall be submitted together or the Comptroller General of the United who attests is in legal custody of the docu­ with copies of evidentiary material avail­ States under Public Law 92-225. Public Law ment. The Commission seal shall be affixed able to the complainant. 93-443 provides that all such information to such document. 3. Notification of Respondent. The Com­ shall either be filed with, provided to, or (i) Copies of public records filed with or mission shall send a copy of the complaint maintained by the Federal Election Com­ retained by the Commission, or portions to the respondent within a reasonable time mission. thereof, will be provided subject to fees set after the complaint is received. Such notifi­ The following guidelines shall s.pply to in­ forth in the Commission's current schedule cation o! the respondent shall not be re­ spection and copying of the Commission's of fees. leased to the public unless and until writ­ public records: (j) Requested records shall be furnished ten permission of the respondent is ex­ (a) Inquiries concerning the records avail­ without charge or at reduced charge when­ pressly given. able at the Commission's Public Records ever it shall be determined by the Com­ 4. Reply by Respondent. The respondent Division may be made in person, by mail, or mission that a waiver or reduction of the will normally be given ten (10) days after by telephone. Inquiries should be directed fee is in the public interest. Requests for a receipt in which to respond in writing to the to: Public Records Division, Federal Election waiver or reduction o! fees may be sub­ allegations in the complaint except where, Commission, 1325 K Street, N.W., Washing­ mitted with the original request for records in the judgment of the Commission, a ton, D.C. 20463. (Telephone, 202-382-7012). and may state such facts as may be con­ shorter or longer period of time is necessary. The Public Records Division is open Monday sidered appropriate and necessary. The response to the complaint shall be ad­ through Friday, excluding legal holidays, Any interested person or organization is dressed to the Federal Election Commission, from 9: 00 a.m. to 5: 30 p.m. Extended hours invited to submit written comments to the 1325 K Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20463. may be provided !or by the Commission to Federal Election Commission concerning the The Commission shall send a copy of the re­ meet pub1ic needs. manner and form by which public documents sponse to the complainant within a reason­ (b) Requests for inspection of Commission should be made available to the general pub­ able time. The response must be typewritten records may be made in person at the time lic. Comments could include those relating to or handwritten legibly in ink. The respond­ and place stated in paragraph (a). Requests easy access filing systems, the use o! photo­ ent or the authorized representative thereof for copies of records may be made in person copying devices, microfilm, microfiche, or shall sign the response and the response at the time and place stated in paragraph any other retrieval systems. Comments should shall be verified by the oath or affirmation (a) or by mail directed to the Public Records be mailed to: Federal Election Commission, of such person taken - before an officer au­ Division. Rulemaking Section, 1325 K Street, N.W., thorized to administer oaths. (c) Each request for Commission records Washington, D.C. 20463. 5. Exchange of Information. The Commis­ or copies shall describe the records sought THOMAS B . CURTIS, sion shall receive all documents and evi­ with sufficient specificity with respect to Chairman, for the Federal Election dence submitted by the complainant and na.mes, dates, and subject matter to permit Commission. respondent and shall facilitate the exchange the records to be located among the records Date: July 1, 1975. of such information by sending copies to the maintained by or for the Commission. A per­ parties within a reasonable time. son who has requested Commission records APPENDIX, SCHEDULE OF FEES FOR RECORD 6. Investigations. The Staff Director and or copies will be promptly advised 1! the rec­ SERVICES the General Counsel shall proceed to direct ords cannot be located on the basis of the Locating and making available records re­ the investigation of all duly filed complaints. description given and informed that further quested for inspection or copying (including A duly filed complaint is one which sub­ identifying information must be provided overhead costs): First one-half hour: No stantially complies with the form described before the request can be satisfied. fee. Each additional one-half hour or frac­ by paragraph 2 above, is within the juris­ (d) A search fee (Appendix to this An­ tion thereof: $2.50. diction o! the Commission and contains al­ nouncement) will be charged when more Authentication with Commission Seal (in legations of fact which, if proved, would con­ than one-half hour of work ls devoted to addition to other fees, if any). Price per au­ stitute a violation of law. Investigations locating and making records available for thentication: $2.00. shall be conducted expeditiously and shall inspection or for copying. No search fee will Facsimile Copies of Documents. Price per include an investigation of any reports and be charged if records adequately described page: $.10. statements filed by the complainant, if the cannot be located within a reasonable time. Full payment for the above services shall complainant is a candidate. Such investiga­ The Public Records Division shall promptly be made in advance of records of copies being tions shall not be made public by the Com­ notify a requesting person if records ade­ made available. Payments must be by check mission or any other person without the quately described cannot be located after a or money order made payable to: "Treasurer written consent of the person under investi­ reasonable search. If such person requests of the United States." Mailed payments must gation. and authorizes the search to continue, a be addressed to: Director, Public Records 7. Hearings. At the time the Commission search fee shall apply to time thereafter Division, Federal Election Commission, 1325 notifies the respondent that a complaint has spent searching for the records. K Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20463. been filed, it shall notify the respondent (e) A current schedule of fees for record that the respondent may request a hearing. services, including locating and making rec­ The Commission will determine the manner ords available, copying, and authentication, PERSONAL EXPLANATION OF and procedure for such hearings. appears in the Appendix to this Announce­ CONGRESSMAN CONYERS THOMAS B. CURTIS, ment. Copies of the current schedule of fees Chairman, for the Federal Election also may be obtained upon request made in Commission. person, by telephone, or by mail from the Date: July 1, 1975. Public Records Division. HON. JOHN CONYERS, JR. (f) Upon receiving a request for inspection OF MICHIGAN [Notice 1975-10] or copying of records, the Public Records IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION: ANNOUNCE­ Division shall promptly notify the requesting Wednesday, July 9, 1975 MENT OF PuBLIC RECORDS AVAILABILITY person of the estimated cost, if applicable, The purpose of this announcement is to of locating and making the records available. Mr. CONYERS. Mr. Speaker, due to inform the public of the methods by which of copying, and of a.ny requested authentica­ an unforeseen delay today I was unable the Commission is presently making avail­ tion. Ollily after receiving (1) authorization to make the vote on S. 555, the Senate able for public inspection and for copying from the person requesting such services and referred bill pertaining to farm and rural the information which the law requires to (2) full payment in advance, if applicable, development. be made available. Sections 302-308 of the shall the Public Records Division proceed to fulfill a request for inspection or copying of As this bill would amend the emer­ Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971, Pub­ gency loan provisions of the Consolidated lic Law 92..!.225, as amended by sections 202, records. 203, 204, 206, 208 and 209 of The Federal (g) The time act.ually required for locat- Farm and Rural Development Act to Election Campaign Act Amendments of 1974, ing and making records available for inspec­ enable farmers in natural disaster areas Public Law 93-443, provide that statements tion or for copying in order to fulfill a re­ to borrow money at reduced interest of organization of political committees, re­ quest may exceed the am.ourut of time esti­ rates, I would have joined my 403 col­ ports of receipts and expenditures of politi­ mated and paid for. In such circumstances, leagues who voted "aye" on this legisla­ cal committees and candidates, reports on no work will be done that will result in, fees tion. EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 9, 1975 THE OLDER AMERICANS ACT ance will furnish legal, tax, and other quill, a.nd one by one they pledge their "lives, AMENDMENTS OF 1975 counseling to elderly persons in need of fortunes, a.nd sacred honour." 1 assistance. Housing repairs, transporta­ All a.re possessed by a spirit born out of tion programs, and mortgage interest re­ their hunger for liberty, a.nd appeased by HON. PETER A. PEYSER duction and insurance payments will all their intense patriotism. It dominates them, OF NEW YORK guiding them through the intense turmoil serve as useful resources for our senior IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of the troubled times. It will remain in citizens. them-and in their children a.nd grandchil­ Wednesday, July 9, 1975 It is my hope, Mr. Speaker, that now dren. It becomes them. Mr. PEYSER. Mr. Speaker, in April, that both Houses of Congress have passed We today are a product of our forefathers' versions of this bill, we can move quickly strife-and still, deep within us, lives that the House of Representatives took a spirit, but it lies sadly dormant a.t present. major step in responding to the pressing to pass a conference report that the President will sign into law. This legisla­ Can two hundred yea.rs of great achieve­ needs of the elderly in our society. The ments, of troubled times, a.nd prosperous passage of the amendments to the Older tion is of vital concern to senior citizens, years a.waken that vital ingredient within us Americans Act, H.R. 3922, which I co­ and the sooner that the Congress acts to ward off the dark and heavy hand of sponsored, will continue and expand on this legislation, the sooner we will be tyranny that seems to be engulfing a.11 vital community services that the Older responding to the needs of our older a.round us? Americans. The great love of the founding fathers for Americans Act has provided since its this country a.nd for us, their unborn babes, inception in 1965. ha.s placed in us the ability to exist on our This legislation will in fact make the beginning principles for another 200 yea.rs. Older Americans Act more responsive A THOUGHT-PROVOKING MESSAGE And in the children of that generation will than ever to the special and varying FROM MISS LAUREL BAKER be that same ability-but only if the respon­ needs of our senior citizens. Title VIII sibility to them ls shouldered now. If not, of the bill, the special service programs, then the enemy will lie not only in the fields, represents the response of the Congress HON. BARRY M. GOLDWATER, JR. but in our hearts as well. OF CALIFOR.NrA America's two hundredth birthday is a. to the plight of the elderly as they face monumental event in the eyes of the world. the current economic problems with IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES She is a. great lady, who grows older and limited resources. We have, with this Wednesday, July 9, 1975 wiser with the passing of years-all of it due bill, made a special effort to authorize to men like Washington, Ada.ms, Jefferson, programs designed to provide the means Mr. GOLDWATER. Mr. Speaker, re­ and Franklin. Through their struggle, they to help our older citizens lead more cently I had the honor of addressing the have attained the highest permanent stand­ meaningful and independent lives. graduating class of the Viewpoint School ard of living anywhere in the world. It wa.s all Of special concern to me, and I know of Calabases, Calif., in my congressional due to the spirit within them. district. That small, inexplicable flame is the secret to many of my colleagues, is the section of the American people, and nothing can ex­ on homemaker and other services, part During the course of the ceremony, the award-winning entry of the American tinguish its everlasting light. Benjamin B of title VIII. The thrust of this section Franklin, who knew the souls and minds of is to provide programs designed to en­ Heritage essay contest was read, and I the men intimately, guessed at its meaning. able the elderly to lead an independent would like to share it with my colleagues. He was certain that the spirit was America life in a home environment without the As was pointed out to me by Sally herself: need for institutionalization. Those who Jordan of the Viewpoint School, the "Like a. Field of Young Indian Corn, which long Fair weather a.nd Sunshine had en­ can remain at home as a result of these award is made annually by Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Handley to a ninth grader who feebled and discoloured, a.nd which, in that services will lead longer, more enjoyable weak State, by a. Violent Thunder Gust of and productive lives, and the cost to the writes in class a 500-700 word essay on a previously disclosed subject. The stu­ Wind, Hail, and Rain, seem'd threatened with Government will be far less than the absolute Destruction; yet the storm being cost of providing institutional care. dent is allowed to receive background in­ past, it recovers fresh Verdure, shoots up with Recently my colleague from New York formation on the subject a month prior double Vigour, and delights the Eye, not of , I submit the text of my recent Wash­ maker services will prove the suc­ clare the colonies free from England's tyran­ to nical hand. It needs only the signature of his ington Review which was mailed to con­ cessful model that will result in Congress fellow patriots. stituents of the Second Congressional enacting legislation to provide the option Soon they begin to assemble. John Hancock District of Minnesota: of home health care and correlative chuckles merrily over his friend Ben Frank­ WASHINGTON REVIEW services under medicare and medicaid lin's la.st joke. John Adams sits pensive and HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, for our elderly and disabled citizens as quiet in the corner. The southern delegates Washington, D.G., May, 1975. an alternative to institutionalization. In talk among themselves of their colonies' like­ nesses and differences. DEAR FRIENDS: Greetings from Washington. this regard, I want to reiterate my strong Suddenly, the hubbub is ceased by the This is the first of the regular newsletters support for the home health care legis­ sound of a gavel banging on a. walnut desk. I intend to send to my friends a.nd neighbors lation introduced by my colleague, Mr. Mr. Jefferson slowly stands, and in his firm, in the Second District to give them a clearer picture of exactly what's going on in Wash­ KocH, which I have also cosponsored. I clear, resonant voice, eloquently reads the ington. fully believe that this is the direction in product of their patriotism. A low murmur of voices follows, a.nd a.ll is agreed upon. The which we should be moving. wording of their declaration of independence 1 The Declaration of Independence. The other programs authorized by is the result of many weeks of arguing and 2 From a. letter by Benjamin Franklin to H.R. 3922 will provide similar beneficial disagreement. Now, they need only sign their George Washington-March 5, 1780--The services to the elderly. Counseling assist- names. One by one they grasp the elegant Spirit of 1776, 1971, p. 9. July 9, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 21947 While preparation and mailing of this A balanced Federal budget, except in times Although he lived outside of Texas, his newsletter had been one of my first priori­ of national emergency, heart was still very close to San Marcos ties, I found that the job of settling in A reasonable cut in individual and cor­ Washington, organizing a Congressional of­ porate income taxes, and central Texas. This was very evident fice, and maintaining close contact with my A percentage limitation on the level of to those of us who attended a gathering constituents took more time than I had revenue collected by the Federal government, of SWT alumni here in Washington, anticipated. The enactment of capital formation induc­ March 20, 1975. At the meeting it was You may be interested to know that Kathy ing laws, and revealed that Dr. Roberts had become and I have purchased a home in McLean. The removal of anti-competitive Federal the first member of the Diamond Cen­ Virginia. Mcclean is a suburban community regulatory laws. tury Club by donating $1,000 to his alma about ten miles due west of Washington, 1n LANDMARK LEGISLATION INTRODUCED TO REFORM mater. Dr. Joe captivated the audience the hills of northern Virginia. Although WELFARE SYSTEM Kathy and the children are still living on with his humorous tales of his student the farm, they will be joining me here as The next time someone asks you why they days at "Friendly Campus or_ the Hill" soon as school ls out this spring. don't do something about the "welfare mess" in San Marcos. Since the new Congress was sworn in in you can tell them that someone is at least Dr. Roberts received the Distin­ January, I have made every possible effort trying. Last month I joined a by-partisan group of Congressmen in introducing the Na­ guished Alumnum Award from SWT in to keep in close contact with the District. 1974. Graduates of the class of 1958 My weekly schedule usually includes arrival tional Welfare Reform Act of 1975. This bill ls in Washington on Monday morning and de­ aimed at plugging the loopholes in our na­ heard Dr. Roberts deliver their com­ parture for the District again on Thursday tion's Aid to Families With Dependent Chil­ mencement address. night or Friday morning. In addition to keep­ dren (AFDC) program. Dr. Joe made his mark and all who ing a heavy schedule on the weekends, we AFDC is our nations most costly welfare came into contact with him were better have mailed a questionnaire to every house­ program. Since 1954 its cost has increased for the experience. I off er my deepest hold in the District and supplied every news­ from about $500 million to over $4 billion, condolences to his widow, Mary, and his paper with a weekly column. (If your local and the number of children covered by the family. newspaper isn't using the column, maybe program has increased so rapidly that one I insert this story from the Washing­ you should ask them to do so.) From now child in eight is now under AFDC. The bill on, this newsletter will also be a regular we have introduced is detailed and very com­ ton Post about Dr. Roberts: feature. plex, but in essence would reform the present RESERVE COL. JOSEPH ROBERTS, PHYSICIAN, I am very pleased with the operation of our system by establishing procedures to detect AUTHOR, LBc'l'uRER Washington otllce under the direction of my welfare "cheaters," and by tightening regu­ Retired Army Reserve Col. Joseph T. Administrative Assistant, Mr. George Berg. lations so that only the truly needy are eligi­ Roberts, 65, a physician, author and lecturer, George is a veteran of 23 years on Capitol ble for AFDC. If these reforms are enacted died Wednesday at his home, 4700 Levada Hill and brings to our staff the expertise a we can reasonably expect savings to the tax­ Ter., Rockville, after apparently suffering a freshman Congressman so vitally needs. I payers, and greater benefits to the truly heart attack. would urge all of you to consider this otllce needy. He had been associated with the Veterans and staff to be your office and staff, and AcrIONS TAK.EN TO AID FARMERS Administration for nearly 30 years and at the to feel free to contact us at any time for As a member of the House Agriculture time of his death was senior medical con­ assistance. Committee, I have supported a number of sultant to the rating schedule staff of the With warmest personal regards I am measures designed to aid farmers and help Compensation and Pension Service, Depart­ Sincerely yours, revitalize the rural economy. Following are a ment of Veterans Benefits, at the VA central TOM. few examples of areas I am working in to ac­ office here. complish this: Col. Roberts earlier had been the medical FEDERAL DEFICIT OUT OF CONTROL-AND THE Increased target prices and loan rates f.or member of its predecessor, the Disability CONGRESS SPENDS ON agricultural commodities has been one of my Policy Board of the VA Department of Vet­ Nothing that is presently happening in chief aims. I intend to keep fighting in this erans Benefits. Washington presents us with more long­ area so that farmers can feel free to produce He also had been assigned to the Physical range dangers than the rapidly increasing at maximum levels without fear of price-de­ Disa.b1lity Agency, U.S. Army Central Physical Federal deficit. President Ford has already pressing over-production. Evaluation Boa.rd at the Walter Reed Army raised his estimated Fiscal Year 1975 deficit Elimination of the Department of Agricul­ Medical Center. from $52 billion to $60 billion, but this is ture's practice of monitoring foreign grain He had served as chief of medical services, only the beginning! Realistically, we cannot sales would help open additional foreign xnar­ chief of professional services and deputy di­ expect the liberal majorities in the Congress kets to American agricultural commodities. rector of the Andrew Rader Army Clinic at to hold the line on additional spending as Although this monitoring is theoretically Walter Reed and had been chief of profes­ President Ford has asked, and every penny voluntary, in practice it has been used as an sional and medical services for the Military they appropriate beyond his recommenda­ effective means of export control. District of Washington. tions will be added to that $60 billion. Reform of Federal estate tax laws by in­ Col. Roberts had served in the Medical According to the recent estimates, the com­ creasing the exemption, increasing the mari­ Corps of the Army Reserves from 1950 until bined budget deficit for Fiscal Years 1975 tal deduction, and assuring that farmland retiring in 1970. He was a specialist in cardio­ and 1976 could reach as high as $156.6 billion. will be assessed as farmland and not as com­ vascular research. When the government is forced to finance mercial property will help our farms remain Born in San Marcos, Tex., he was a grad­ a deficit of this size, it is bound to have family held as they should be. uate of Southwest Texas State Teachers Col­ serious economic repercussions. If the gov­ lege and later received a master of science ernment finances the deficit by competing degree, his degree in medicine and a doctor­ for available funds in the capital market, the ate from Tulane University. private sector will be denied necessary capi­ In 1966-67, Col. Roberts was chief medical tal and unemployment will result. If the DR. JOE ROBERTS: A MAN FOR officer at the old Gallinger Municipal Hos­ government chooses, on the other hand, to ALL SEASONS pital, now D.C. General Hospital. During that finance the deficit by simply printing money period, he also was adjunct clinical profes­ and expanding the money supp_ly, inflation sor of medicine at Georgetown and George will result. More than likely, the net result HON. J. J. PICKLE Washington Universities. He joined the Veterans Administration in will be a combination of inflation and unem­ OF TEXAS ployment such as we are presently experi­ 1947 in Little Rock, Ark., where he W1lS chair­ encing. I intend to keep fighting excessh•e IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES man of the dean's committee and a consult­ government spending with every tool at my Wednesday, July 9, 1975 ant in internal medicine at the VA Hospital disposal, but I must admit that the outlook in North Little Rock. is not optimistic. Mr. PICKLE. Mr. Speaker, yesterday, At the same time, Col. Roberts was a Dr. Joe Roberts was buried at Arling­ professor of medicine, dean of the school of A FREE MARK.ET ALTERNATIVE TO RED-INK medicine, head of the department of medi­ ECONOMICS ton Cemetary with full military honors. Dr. Joe Roberts was born and raised in cine and medical director of the hospital While many in Congress appear to have and clinic at the University of Arkansas. thrown economic sanity to the winds, I have San M8,rcos, Tex., and graduated from joined with a. group of Congressmen dedi­ Southwest Texas State University in He also was chief of medicine at the Ar­ cated to the free enterprise system in pro­ kansas State Hospital for Nervous Diseases 1929. He was a friend and classmate of and a consultant on medicine at the Army posing a comprehensive program for dealing President Lyndon B. Johnson while at and Navy General Hospital in Hot Springs, with our economic dilemma. To summarize the San Marcos campus. our program, we propose: Ark. A tax indexlng measure to assure that in­ Through the years, Joe Roberts trav­ Col. Roberts moved from there to Ba.ta.via, flation does not push taxpayers into higher eled far from San Marcos. He compiled N.Y., where he was chief of medical services tax brackets while their purchasing power a most distinguished record-as a physi­ at the VA hospital in 1949-50. He then be­ remains the same, cian, professor, author, military officer. came chief of the cardiology section of the 2HM8 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 9, 1975 VA hospital in Buffalo, N.Y., a position he was felt that part of the problem was Friday of each week, the high school held for siX years. that many parents did not know how to students meet with teacher-supervisors From 1949 to 1959, he was a lecturer on assist a child with learning difficulties and discuss general child development, medicine at the University of Buffalo's school in developing the requisite skills for a teaching techniques, as well as the prog­ of Medicine, then served as assistant pro­ fessor of medicine there until 1967. successful school career. A series of meet­ ress of each individual child. In 1966-67, Col. Roberts was chief of medi­ ings with young parents confirmed this Regularly, parents of the pre-school cal services at the VA hospital at Ft. Howard, hypothesis. Many of the parents pointed children meet as a group with the teach­ Md. out that nothing in their past lives had ers and discuss those same subjects, ex­ Col. Roberts was a Diplomate of the Amer­ prepared them adequately for the pa­ change experiences and ideas, and evalu­ ican Board of Internal Medicine and Cardio­ rental role in assisting a child who had ate the progress of their children. vascular Diseases and a Fellow of the Ameri­ learning difficulties. can College of Physicians and the American At the conclusion of the first year, all Association for the Advancement of Science. With this as a starting point, it was of the children involved in the pilot The many other organizations of which felt that if a program could be developed group, along with a substantial control Col. Roberts wa.s a member and in some in­ that could identify pre-school children group of children who were not involved stances an officer included the International with potential learning difficulties, pro­ in the program, were adminstered the Academy of Pathology, the American Regis­ vide such learning experiences as would Caldwell cooperative pre-school inven­ try of Cardiovascular Pathology, the D.C. ameliorate skill deficiencies in the chil­ tory. This is a sensitive test for analyz­ and American Medical Associations, the dren, train parents to work with and re­ ing skill development in small children. American Hee.rt Association, the American late to their children more effectively, Federation of Cllnical Researchers and the Objective analysis of the results of these American Association of Anatomists. and, simultaneously, prepare young tests established that the experimental He was the co-author of a number of adults for future roles as parents, it group was more advanced in skills than books, including the "Encyclopedia. of Heart would indeed be a valuable and worth­ the control group, even though children Disease," "Pathological Physiology and Me­ while venture. Under the leadership of in the experimental group had been ini­ chanisms of Disease" and "Progress in Arth­ Diane Bert and with the cooperation of tially identified as being deficient in such ritis." He contributed articles to numerous the Redford Union School District, such skills. journals. a program was developed. Federal assist­ Beyond this objective evaluation, Mr. Col. Roberts received a number of honors ance in funding the program was sought including the Army's Meritorious Service Speaker, I had the opportunity to talk Medal in 1970, when he also received a Cer­ and obtained. I would like to report to at length with the administrator, the tificate of Appreciation from the President. you on what this program does and how teachers, the high school students, and He is survived by his wife, Mary Gertrude well it has worked. several of the parents. I sensed the en­ Goldston Roberts, of the home; four sons, Children are selected for the program thusiasm, the commitment, and the feel­ Joseph T., of York, Pa.; Alton 0., of Burling­ after a series of tests and other pre­ ings of satisfaction and accomplishment. ton, Vt.; James T., of Bollnas, Calif., and screening devices have identified the I specifically asked several of the parents Charles E., of Rockvllle; his mother, Georgia. child as one who might have a problem if they felt such a program justified the Talmadge Roberts, of San Ma.cos; a. brother, in learning. A total of 48 children are George T., of Citrus Heights, Calif.; a sister, use of Federal funds. Unanimously they Alice Roberts Oliver, of San Marcos, and five enrolled for each class. They are divided felt that it did. Moreover, the parents grandchildren. equally into four groups. Each child, and stated emphatically that as a result of The family suggests that expressions of one of his or her parents, attends class the year's work, they now knew more sympathy be in the form of contributions to one morning each week, Monday through about their children and more about the American Heart Association or the Thursday. The children are provided ex­ themselves. Their relationship with other Walter Reed Medical Center. tensive language, visual, auditory, and children in the family, they told me, had coordination exercises, as well as expe­ also improved. The high school students riences aimed at improving the child's reported considerable growth in their knowledge and appreciation of himself knowledge of small children as a result PROJECT PREP-A SUCCESSFUL or herself. Parents observe the activities of their experience, and felt it would be PILOT PROGRAM of the children through a one-way glass extremely beneficial if and when they while a teacher explains what is happen­ had children of their own. HON. WILLIAM M. BRODHEAD ing and why. Later in the morning, the In addition to these documented gains. teacher meets with the parents and gives there is evidence of other benefits as OF MICHIGAN instructions for at-home activities the well. For example, hundreds of Redford IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES parents and their children can engage in. Township citizens have now experienced Wednesday, July 9, 1975 Such activities are designed to comple­ closer identification with community ment the exercises the children took part schools. Kindergarten and first grade Mr. BRODHEAD. Mr. Speaker, in in at school. The materials required for recent months, much attention has been teachers have increased their ability to the at-home activities are those materi­ plan for and deal with individual differ­ given to a variety of federally funded als commonly found in every home. These projects of dubious value. I would like to ences among small children, and sib­ at-home activities require only a few lings of the PREP children have bene­ direct the attention of the Members to minutes each day, but are an essential one federally funded project which, in its fited through what their parents have part of the program. PREP also makes learned about helping children. initial stages has made exciting break­ additional, in-home counselling avail­ throughs in early childhood education; I might add that the PREP program able for those families which need such of Redford Township has attracted con­ and. in its later stages, has become a individualized assistance. model copied throughout the Nation. siderable attention from communities in During the second half of the year's other parts of the country. Many other This program, which I recently had the work, senior high school students from a opportunity to inspect at close range, is school districts are hoping to dupli­ nearby school are brought into the pro­ cate the PREP process, as well as its called PREP. That is an acronym for gram. These students, who are taking an Parent Readiness Education Project. It success. Diane Bert is much in demand elective course for credit, are each as­ to work with other communities in set­ is funded under title III, section 306, of signed a particular child to work with. the Elementary and Secondary Educa­ ting up similar projects. tion Act. PREP is centered in the Red­ Under the supervision of a qualified Mr. Speaker, the total cost of adminis­ ford Union School District of Redford teacher, the high school stud·ents lead tering PREP, including the salaries of Township, a suburb adjacent to the city their assigned child through planned ac­ the Administrator, the teachers-all of of Detroit, and is administered by a re­ tivities. Assignments given the children whom are extremely well qualified by vir­ markably innovative and capable direc­ are geared to the unique needs of that tue of their education, their experience, tor, Diane K. Bert. child. One child, for example, may have their temneraments and personalities, PREP began out of the concern of coordination difficulties. Another may and their love of children-all teaching many educators that large numbers of lack visual differentiation skills, while materials, and administrative expenses, children were entering kindergarten another is excessively shy and withdrawn. has been no more than $349 per child lacking in visual motor development and The older students keep logs of their per year. When we consider that each in the listening and language skills need­ observations of the children and the child has been diverted from a path ed for subsequent academic success. It various interactions that take place. On of an unproductive sr.hool career, it is July 9, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 21949 dear that this is money well invested. accomplishment with Metropolitan re­ proved by the 92d Congress and signed Prevention is always less expensive than sults largely from the hard work and by the President in 1972 with the excep­ later efforts to remedy the results of as: tion that this proposal calls for the estab­ learning problems. Charles W. Kunkle, Jr., chairman, lishment of an annual observance in I feel very strongly that Redford JARI. honor of the family institution. Township and the Administrator and Frank J. Pasquerilla, chairman, John­ The Committee on Post O:tfice and Civil teachers of PREP in the Redford Union stown Area Economic Development Corp. Service to which this resolution will be School District are to be congratulated Howard M. Picking, JAR! board mem­ referred has stated that only proposals for their initiative, imagination, fore­ ber. with "national appeal and significance" sight, and ability in making a valuable Also, in his remarks making the an­ will be considered for commemorative contribution to the Nation as a whole. nouncement, Mr. Kunkle mentioned the days or periods. I cannot think of a more And I think the Members of Congress work and dedication of these individuals: significant institution with wider na­ can share some pride that a federally John Burkhard, Johnstown Chamber tional appeal than the family and I am funded program has lived up to its po­ of Commerce. hopeful this Congress will act promptly tential and proven worth. PREP is an Michael P. Flynn, executive director, to approve this resolution. excellent example of the Federal Gov­ JAR!. More than 40 Governors have endorsed ernment working in partnership with a Jack Scheppner, Economic Develop­ State proclamations of Family Week in local community to produce results that ment Corp. the past and dozens of organizations neither, independently, would have been Eugene Swetz, Greater Johnstown have expressed an interest in promoting capable of achieving. Committee. a national observance once the resolu­ Second, the project could not have been tion is approved. arranged without the help and coopera­ The legislation calls for the 4th week tion of public officials. Besides their work in November, the week including :METROPOLITAN LIFE COMES TO in attracting Metropolitan, they now face Thanksgiving, to be designated as "Na­ JOHNSTOWN a major task in providing the necessary tional Family Week." It also encourages Government assistance and services. Cer­ States and local communities to observe HON. JOHN P. MURTHA tainly deserving mention are: the week with appropriate ceremonies Joseph P. Robert, chairman, Cambria and activities. OF PENNSYLVANIA County Commissioners. No institution in our society has had IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Joseph Gorman, county commissioner. more influence over the development of Wednesday, July 9, 1975 Raymond Johnson, county commis­ America during the last 200 years than Mr. MURTHA. Mr. Speaker, 2 years sioner. the family. Our Nation's fredom was born ago the death of Johnstown, Pa., ap­ And third, we certainly commend the in the families that formed the 13 peared imminent. Bethlehem Steel-the efforts of officials at Metropolitan Life. colonies. area's largest employer-announced it They have shown great confidence in the Our goal is to restore the family to its would be forced to reduce the work force people of our region, and took time to rightful place in society by enlisting the at its Johnstown plant and place 5,000 recognize the advantages of a smaller support of millions of Americans in this people out of work. urban area. Their foresight is to be con­ drive to understand and appreciate the The community pulled together and gratulated. I know they will not be dis­ significance of the family in the history with help from the State and Federal appointed in their site selection. Deserv­ of this Nation. Government was able to save the 5,000 ing recognition from the company are: My hope is that Congress this year will jobs. The community spirit did not dis­ George P. Jenkins, Board Chairman. renew its endorsement of national family solve when Bethlehem announced it Russell A. Baumann, General Manager week in order to assure the success of would continue. The crisis had created of the Johnstown facility. this annual observance. Many governors, the Johnstown Area Regional Industries Edwin L. Barker, District Sales Man­ mayors and organizations are awaiting (JARD-an organization designed to im­ ager. an official proclamation before proceed­ prove the area's economic picture. Joseph J. Guiffre, vice-president. ing with their plans. After several efforts and some smaller Andrew R. Innocenzi, regional sales A national family week organization successes, JAR! announced on July 1 that manager. has been organized to promote this ob­ Metropolitan Life Insurance Co. has Charles E. Lanigan, vice president. servance throughout the land. The fol­ chosen Johnstown as the location of its Robert F. Muller, assistant vice presi­ lowing organizations have indicated mideastern office. dent. their interest in helping: For the area this represents a sig­ Donald A. Odell, senior vice president American Home Economics Association nificant diversification away from manu­ and secretary. American Legion, American National Red Paul J. Pittinger, vice president. Cross, B.ig Sisters of the District of Columbia, facturing and basic industrial type of Black Silent Majority Committee, Center For plants that presently characterize our Vincent Reusing, government relations associate. The F'a.mily, Community Family Life Serv­ region to include a new, management­ ices, Inc., Community Group Health Founda­ professional work force. Besides new Charles E. Snoddy, vice president. tion, Cub Scouting Division, Family Service jobs, the Metropolitan decision will stim­ It has taken a great effort to reach Association of America, Future Homemakers ulate more consumer spending in the this point, Mr. Speaker, but I believe of America, General Federation of Women's area, provide a more diversified popula­ that through the efforts of these individ­ Clubs, Life Line, Lions Clubs of Northern uals and others, a new era has begun for Washington, Metropolitan Police Boys' tion that will change spending habits, Clubs, Mission of Community Concern, Na­ and create the psychological boost need­ the Johnstown area and central Penn­ sylvania. tional Catholic Co_mmunity Service, National ed to start a whole new era in the Johns­ Congress of Parents and Teachers, National town area and in central Pennsylvania. Council of Jewish Women, National Ex­ With the benefits come new burdens change Club, National Society Daughters o! on our area schools, housing markets, NATIONAL FAMILY WEEK the American Revolution, Salvation Army public services, and sales outlets. The ar­ and Teen Corps, Inc. rival of Metropolitan represents an op­ HON. JOHN T. MYERS Members of the House who join with portunity and a challenge for everyone OF INDIANA me in sponsoring this measure are: in the Johnstown area, and nearly every IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. Anderson of California, Mr. Anderson aspect of the community will face of Illinois, Mr. Archer, Mr. Badillo, Mr. Beard change. Wednesday, July 9, 1975 of Rhode Island, Mr. Beard of Tennessee, Mr. I would like to take a moment, Mr. Mr. MYERS of Indiana. Mr. Speaker, Bevill, Mr. Boland, Mr. Brodhead, Mr. Broy­ Speaker, to thank publicly some people I am pleased to announce that 67 Mem­ hill, Mr. Burgener, Mr. Cederberg, Mr. Claw­ who deserve praise for their work with bers of the House join with me today in son, Mr. Collins of Texas, Mr. Conlan, Mr. Conte, Mr. Dan Daniel of Virginia, Mr. Davis, this development. introduction of a resolution calling for a Mr. Derwinski, Mr. Duncan of Tennessee, Mr. First, let me mention the individuals permanent "National Family Week" Ellberg, Mr. Erlenborn, Mr. Eshleman, Mr. within the community who are working observance in November. Fithian, Mr. Flowers, Mr. Frenzel, Mr. Fuqua, hard to revitalize Johnstown. The major This resolution is similar to one ap- Mr. Gradison. 21!950 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 9, 1975 Mr. Grassley, Mr. Guyer, Mr. Helstoski, The giant multinational oil companies, of Ms. Catherine Dadamio, of Wilson High Mrs. Holt, Mr. Horton, Mr. Howe, Mr. Hyde, course, like the President's program. In fact, Mr. Jacobs, Mr. Kemp, Mr. LaFalce, Mr. Lott, they helped write it. Exxon, Gulf, Mobil, Arco, School class of 1975, Reading, Pa.: Mr. McHugh, Mr. McKay, Mr. Mazzoli, Mr. Shell and other oil giants are making more YOUR TOMORROW Is BEING SHAPED TODAY Michel, Mr. Mikva, Mr. Mitchell of New York, profits than ever before as the OPEC price When we as students consider and evaluate Mr. Montgomery, Mr. Moorhead of Pennsyl­ goes up. ourselves we find that we are the sum total vania, Mr. Moorhead. of California, Mr. Mur­ Moreover, as long as the OPEC price stays of our experiences. All that we have done has phy of New York, Mr. Pepper, Mr. Perkins, high or goes higher, the value of their oil, become part of us and we constantly draw Mr. Robinson, Mr. Roe, Mr. Schulze, Mr. gas and coal reserves in this country and from this reservoir of knowledge when we are Sebelius, Mr. J. William Stanton of Ohio, elsewhere increase by hundreds of billions faced with new problems and situations. Mr. Talcott, Mr. Thone, Mr. Treen, Mr. Van­ of dollars. One of the many molding parts of this der Jagt, Mr. Walsh, Mr. Whitehurst, Mr. If OPEC did not exist, the big oil com­ reservoir has been our parents. They have Winn, Mr. Wolff, Mr. Won Pat, Mr. Yatron, panies would want to create it. Fortune provided guidance when we needed it and Mr. Young of Florida. magazine, in its May issue, described how whether or not we are willing to admit it, the OPEC cartel depends on the multina­ they have also given us the basis for our own tional oil corporations to ensure that pro­ morals. There has been much talk of a gen­ OIL'S "BATTLE OF THE BILLIONS" duction cutbacks, needed to sustain cartel eration gap; but when you get right down to prices, are distributed equitably among the it, the basic rights and wrongs for both of us cartel members. are still the same. HON. ANTHONY TOBY MOFFETT In a word, these oil companies are shoring Another important molding part has been OF CONNECTICUT up the cartel because they have a stake of school and so far this has been provided in basically three phases: IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES billions in its continuance. When representatives of the oil-producing In grade school we got to learn what school Wednesday, July 9, 1975 countries visit this country, they must won­ was all about; and we also made new friends, der how the oil industry's White House serv­ friends whom we have known and kept all Mr. MOFFE'IT. Mr. Speaker, the seem­ ice station can publicly condemn OPEC while of our lives. Our friends are the people by ingly endless battle between the public it and the large U.S. oil companies are doing whom others judge us and they are usually interest and that of the administration everything to keep it going. the ones who influence us the most. aligned with oil company lobbies will What will the Ford plan cost the Ameri­ The next phase of schooling was junior continue in another arena over the next can family? At least $600 a year from higher high where we were basically separated into few weeks as H.R. 7014-the Energy Con­ fuel, electricity and gasoline prices. In ad­ sections. Here we got to know mainly only servation and Oil Policy Act of 1975- dition the ripple effect of higher food, cloth­ those in our particular sections well. comes to the fioor of the House. This bill, ing and other prices will add even more to the Next came senior high school and here we already strained family budget. found friends in fields that we enjoyed, ex­ reported out by the House Interstate and This means massive inflation, more unem­ tracurricular activities such as sports or Foreign Commerce Committee, is a rela­ ployment and recession. And that is why clubs. By senior high school we have also tively comprehensive and equitable meas­ members of Congress have been balking at pretty well determined what course of study ure which features, most importantly, a the veto-threatening President Ford. we a.re going to embark upon and this deci­ price ceiling on uncontrolled domestic As a countermove to Ford, the House Com­ sion is reflected by the quality of work and oil. The Commerce Committee has made merce Committee has reported to the House how we apply ourselves in school. High school it clear by the approval of this bill that of Representatives HR 7014, the energy con­ has also been an experimenting time. It has servation and oil pricing act of 1975. been a time when we've gotten a chance to it will not sit idly by as the administra­ try out new things, things we could never do tion permits the OPEC cartel to establish Bitterly fought over between pro-consumer committee members and other Democrats before or things that we read about in books. the price for our own resources and like Rep. John Dingell, who want to weak­ Along with this goes social affairs and here wreak havoc on our economy. Ralph en the bill in the oil industry's favor to avoid we learn self-control and to judge for our­ Nader describes the motivations of the a presidential veto, HR 7014 represents prob­ selves what is right and wrong. interested parties quite well in his col­ ably the best provisions likely to get through Wilson, as a high school, has also pro­ umn which appeared in the Washington to law in this era of the imperial presidency. vided us with many opportunities and open Led by Congressmen Bob Eckhardt, John doors. First and most importantly of all it Star on July 5, 1975: has provided a means of education a.nd this On.'s "BA'ITLE oF THE Bn.LioNs" Moss and Andrew Maguire, HR 7014 holds oil prices far below the Ford plan but still at a had come through competent members of the (By Ralph Nader) level amply sufficient to encourage explora­ Wilson faculty staff. However, it has been The stage is set for a dramatic struggle tion and production. up to us as students if we wanted to selze between Gerald Ford and consumer forces It provides for mandatory automobile fuel this opportunity. in Congress over the price of energy in this economy standards, industrial fuel efficiency For others, high school has provided a country. As if to punctuate the onset of this goals and several other ways to reduce infla­ chance to get started in a career or business "battle of the billions," the giant oil com­ tionary energy waste. through the vocational technical and coop­ panies' recent price increases signaled the It also sets up a petroleum reserve and pro­ erative programs. second lap in their drive for $1-per-gallon vides the General Accounting Office with sub­ Wilson has also provided a chance to meet gasoline. pena powers to get the facts about reserves, new people and friends and also a chance President Ford's energy policy would re­ costs and other situations from the hidden for athletic competition. Here those of us place price controls by our government with recesses of the oil industry. involved have learned how to take defeat OPEC-Exxon pricing of our domestic energy, The congressional votes on HR 7014 will and how to control our pride in victory. including oil, gas and coal. That would be be coming up later this month and early Sports in a way have helped to prepare us for the direct result of his oil price decontrol August. If you're interested in more infor­ life with a:J its downfalls and high spots. plan. mation, write to your representative and As we look toward the future some of us No economist would deny that once con­ ask for a copy of the House Commerce Com­ will be going to college, some may be into trols go off, the price of domestic oil will rise mittee report on HR 7014. business. others may try to get a part time to the level of the OPEC price for foreign job for a while, and others will be starting oil. families. I think that at the age of seventeen, Similarly, if President Ford achieves his de­ eighteen, or nineteen we are by no means regulation-of-natural-gas objective through children anymore, yet we are now faced with Congress, the price of domestic natural gas COMMENCEMENT ADDRESSES TO a difficult decision; that is what field we will wlll more than triple, rising to the equivalent WILSON HIGH SCHOOL CLASS enter. This decision will be shaping the rest price of OPEC oil. Steam coal prices have OF 1975, READING, PA. of our lives and eighteen is rather young in doubled in less than two years, mysteriously this perspective. This is why we must try reflecting similar upward pulls of the price to make decisions that will not limit us in of oil. HON. GUS YATRON the future, but rather open new doors to us. Under the Ford energy plan, stripped of Its OF PENNSYLVANIA As we go on now we will probably meet whole presidential television rhetoric, every time IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES new groups of people and we'll have to adapt OPEC raises its price $1 per barrel, Americans to them, just as we have adapted before, will pay almost $6 billion more per year for Wednesday, July 9, 1975 except this time it should be an easier task domestic oil, gas and coal. Mr. YATRON. Mr. Speaker, under since we have that reservoir to draw from. This country's domestic energy supplies With high school we have not just ac­ provide our country with 80 percent of its leave to extend my remarks in the REC­ quired knowledge. We have learned self-con­ energy consumption. So President Ford's de­ ORD, I include the following commence­ trol and how to react to different situations. control scheme would let the price of the 20 ment address by the valedicrorian, Mr. In the future we will be facing many new percent of the energy we import determine Glenn Troxel, of Wilson High School challenges such as a job, marriage, and fam­ the price of the 80 percent of the energy class of 1975, Reading, Pa., and the com­ ily. We'll also face new problems and these we produce in the United States. mencement address by the salutatorian, we will have to work out for ourselves be- July 9, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 21961

cause there will be no guidance counselors because these fields are la.eking. We cannot, Fireworks, para.des and picnics are the to help us. Again, these we'll be able to try however, become discouraged because of the traditional Fourth of July observances. With to solve because we are the sum total of our fact that it seems as though we have to fight participation in these events tomorrow, we experiences. so much for what we really want and need. hope residents will renew the patriotism In conclusion I would like to leave each one As we learn to make our own decisions and and spirit which has ma.de this nation the of you with this message. You must go out in strive for our own goals, we will become able greatest land on earth. life and prove to yourself that you can have to work together for the ma.king of a better It is our hope that during this final year and do what you want because you can. Each society. It is true that whatever I do for my­ of our second century, all Americans will one of you has some basic skill or talent; self can only help myself; but if we, as a. come together to remember how we ca.me some know what it is already, others may whole, retain the optimistic views each one of to be, celebrate what we a.re and to reflect have to search themselves for it. You must us has towards ourself, we can join with on where we are going. then go out and apply yourself with what you others and reach fbr America's goals. Opti­ We hope that Americans will use this com­ have and if you go with tolerance, with self­ mistic individuals make an optimistic Ameri­ ing year to prepare a celebration befitting understanding, and with confidence, I think can society. our great nation. Each community, in its you will enjoy a happy, productive life. Here is a. quotation by Walter D. Wintle own way, should be planning now to cele­ that we should remember when we face these brate the Bicentennial in a. manner best YOUR ATTITUDE CAN DETERMINE YOUR F'uTuRE future challenges: suited to its location, means and desires. In order to achieve anything it is important Life's battles don't always go It should also be a. day to break ground that we are aole to face both disappoint­ To the stronger or faster man, for a Bicentennial project that will help ments and encouragements. To surmount But soon or late the man who wins shape a. better tomorrow so future genera­ what is merely possible, we must say to our­ Is the one who thinks he can. tions can look back and know that the com­ selves that we can do it. munity of today ca.red about itself, about its Experience is the substance that makes up nation and the principles which we honor. our lives; and achievement often requires We begin tomorrow, not with just a day tedious, long, harsh experiences such as com­ off from work, with a reaffirmation of our petition, criticism, and even failure. But if WE BEGIN TOMORROW faith and trust in the American way. Fly we want to know achievement, we must have the flag and be proud you're an American. such experiences; and if we want to know ex­ perience, we must attempt achievement. HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI It is encouraging to know that even the OF ILLINOIS greatest of men and women had approached IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES seemingly unsurmountable obstacles, but THE WORLD IGNORES THE CAM­ with fortitude and perseverance they cleared Wednesday, July 9, 1975 BODIAN DEATH MARCH their own path of difficulties. Tom Dempsey, Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, last the kicker of the Philadelphia Eagles, was Friday, the Fourth of July, we witnessed born with half of a foot and three fingers on the national spirit of patriotism as we HON. PHILIP M. CRANE one of his hands. In spite of his physical OF ILLINOIS handicap, he now holds the record for the commemorated our country's independ­ longest field goal. In 1973 a. Conrad Weiser ence, and marked the beginning of our IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES High School senior and football player be­ Bicentennial year. This feeling of respect Wednesday, July 9, 1975 came paralyzed after a. tragic trampoline ac­ for our country and for the individual cident. At that time he was confined to a liberties that are ours a,.., citizens of this Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, for many high-back wheel chair and had to wear a great land, provide the solid foundation months before the fall of Cambodia to four-poster brace. With the help of exces­ the Communists many in the Congress sive therapy and faith, he now has the use of for our national strength. In my judgment, this coming year is a and in the press urged a withdrawal of his arms and is able to operate an electric U.S. aid to the anti-Communist Govern­ wheelchair. He is now planning to attend time for Americans to reaffirm our na­ college, and he sees college as his chance to tional heritage and promote America and ment of Lon Nol. They argued, as in the begin helping others. unity among all Americans. It is a time case of the majority leader of the Sen­ Houston McTea.r, an eighteen year old to encourage a massive expression of ap­ ate, that stopping the aid was "in the best sprinter from the backwoods of Florida, is preciation for the blessings and freedom interests" of the Cambodian people. New one of the record holders in the 100 ya.rd dash of our country on her 200th birthday. York Times Columnist Tom Wicker said running it in 9.0 seconds. When he was four­ that there was "not much moral choice" teen years old he won the 100 ya.rd dash in a Therefore, I was especially pleased to see the editorial in the July 3 edition of between the Khmer Rouge and the Lon junior high school track meet, running in Nol government. sneakers, a T-shirt, and a. worn pair of cut­ the Suburban Life, an outstanding pub­ off blue jeans. His father, mother, and seven lication serving West Cook County, Ill., Now, we can review the results of the brothers live in a. squalid shack at the end calling for all Americans to renew their Communist takeover of Cambodia and of a dirt road. His father makes $400 a month. patriotism as we honor our country's decide whether or not it has really been The school he attends lacks many facilities, 200th anniversary. The article follows: in the best interests of the people of that including a track; but he is letting nothing country. WE BEGIN TOMORROW stop him. He has potential, and most im­ The fact is that the Khmer Rouge portant of all, he has drive. Tomorrow we enter into our 200th year shortly after their takeover, embarked A few weeks ago I attended a luncheon and as the United States of America., and we was privileged to hear the speech of Judge begin the_ one year Bicentennial countdown upon a policy of genocide in Cambodia. Lisa Richette of the Court of Common Pleas to the date which will launch us into our Upon entering Phnom Penh, Khmer Court of Philadelphia. Judge Richette is the third century. Rouge troops immediately ordered the author of "Throwaway Children". She talked The Bicentennial is springing up a.cross entire population-some 2 million peo­ of how she and many women had to struggle our entire nation as a. spirit of participation ple-to move out of the city en masse. for their positions in life not because they and achievement. Western Springs and Women, children, old men-were all lacked intelligence or ability, but because so­ Darien have already had Bicentennial events. driven out like cattle, many of them to­ ciety failed to recognize the liberated woman. Many of our communities a.re flying the Bi­ tally unequipped or supplied to go for Judge Richette, _among others, never gave up centennial flag. We hope all will be doing despite the fact that everywhere they turned so soon. · more than a few hours-toward an un­ people claimed that they did not look like a The La. Grange Bicentennial Commission known destination said to be 65 miles doctor, a. lawyer, a judge ... or whatever the is putting forth a. special effort for every away. case may be. Society implied that therefore resident to fly the American flag tomorrow. An intelligence memo prepared for the they could not become one. Again we hope this communitywide effort White House states that- Of course, not everyone can become nation­ spreads throughout the area. and nation. . .. it is clear that the forced march out ally known or a. "superstar"; but if we set We believe this country needs a. return to of Phnom Penh resulted in death for many goals within our own: little world, we can good old fashioned patriotism. Getting in­ strive to reach them. Our goals must be high volved in Bicentennial activities is the best of the young, old and weak among the city's enough so that we may look ahead but low way we know to achieve this goal. 2 million inhabitants.... First-hand ac­ enough so that we may someday reach them. In contrast to this nation's Centennial in counts from individuals caught up in the We can expect failures, but failure will stir 1876 which was celebrated in a single city, forced exodus-and who subsequently exited us to endure much more and keep aiming for Philadelphia., the activities commemorating the country-paint a grim picture. One re­ our goals. our Bicentennial will take place in commu­ ported scores of bodies :floating in a river Here in the Wilson area we find that both nities throughout the U.S. Most area. villages near the capital. . . . The removal of the the roles of men and women are changing in have committees hard at work on local cele­ urban population to the countryside is the fields of sports, leadership, and job oppor­ brations. Any community not already involv­ clearly a. deliberate and calculated policy of tunity. Many of us feel that we are hindered ed is missing the boat. the new leadership .... 21952 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 9, 1975 Denis D. Gray, an Associated Press second week of May, stripped to their under­ ly a deliberate and calculated policy of the reporter in Thailand, interviewed Cam­ wear and taken toward a pit surrounded by new leadership and appears to be aimed at bodians who managed to escape. One Khmer Rouge soldiers. furthering the Communists' plan to remake former soldier said that he saw about 40 They were beaten with shovels and bamboo completely Cambodian society in the shortest clubs during their "death march to the mass possible time, relieving the strain on urban trailers with about 10 corpses piled into grave," the man said. But he reported that food supplies and facilitating consolidation each being towed down a road. Two days he asked his captors for water and when they of control over the cities and towns." later, after the Khmer Rouge had left, gave it to him managed to escape into the But the full "magnitude of human suf­ the soldier said he discovered arms and jungle as the Khmer Rouge fired after him. fering caused by this policy," suggests the legs and other parts of bodies sticking He showed scars on his wrists which he said memo, "will probably never be fully known." out of shallow graves near the village of came from the steel wire with which he was Phan Rong. Gray writes that-- bound. A former diplomat who escaped with his TRIBUTE TO AMBAS3ADOR EGIDIO Another refugee said he had been a police­ family reported that on May 31 a Khmer ORTONA-END OF AN EXEMPLARY man . . .. He said he and 16 other police and Rouge official stopped him about 30 miles military intelligence men were rounded up, from the Thai border and told him: "You CAREER IN SERVICE TO ITALY stripped to their underwear and taken toward are lucky. Three days ago we received instruc­ AND AMERICA a pit surrounded by Khmer Rouge soldiers. tions not to kill any more people of the old They were beaten with shovels and bamboo government." clubs during their death march to the mass The diplomat said the official told him 29 HON. MARIO BIAGGI grave, the man said. truckloads of soldiers and members of their OF NEW YORK families were executed in the area of Talork, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The brutality being inflicted by Com­ a former military camp. munists in Cambodia has been largely ig­ The former diplomat also said he was told Wednesday, July 9, 1975 nored by world opinion. Columnist Jack that almost 3,000 army men were executed Mr. BIAGGI. Mr. Speaker. It is my Anderson writes that-- southeast of Phnom Penh about five miles distinct honor and privilege to take this The United Nations, collectively and sep­ off Highway 1 during the last week of April. He said he was told of this by persons who opportunity to pay tribute to the dis­ arately, continues to ignore the forced evac­ tinguished Ambassador from Italy the uation of an estimated 3 milion Cambo­ said they were wives or sons of the victims. dians from the cities to the countryside. Yet A former lieutenant colonel, driven from Honorable Egidio Ortona who has an­ this must go down in history as the greatest Phnom Penh in the forced exodus following nounced his intention to retire after a atrocity since the Nazis herded Jews into the the capture of the city, said he saw corpses distinguished 8-year career as Ambassa­ gas chambers. The mass exodus was a death strung together around coconut palms along dor. march.... An estimated 1 million people are a highway south of the capital. Actually his retirement marks the end expected to die from hunger and exposure ... "There were about 20 such groups, each with some 10 men lashed together," he said. of a career in the diplomatic service Those who believe in the pleasant il­ "We dared not look too closely. But the men which stretched some 43 years. Ambas­ lusion of detente, that somehow the were naked from the waist up and had bullet sador Ortona before entering diplomatic Communists have changed, should re­ holes in their backs." service had compiled an outstanding view events in Cambodia. scholastic record in some of the finest institutions of learning in the world. I wish to share with colleagues the [From the Washington Post, June 23, 1975] article, "Cambodian Refuges Tell of Ex­ This included a law degree from the Uni­ U.N. IGNORES CAMBODIA DEATH MARCH versity of Turin and a degree from the ecutions" by Denis D. Gray, which ap­ (By Jack Anderson and Les Whitten) peared in the Washington Star of June prestigious London School of Economics. 24, 1975, and the column, "U.N. Ignores The United Nations, collectively and sepa­ Ambassador Ortona began his diplo­ rately, continues to ignore the forced evacua­ matic service in 1932 and spent time in Cambodia Death March," by Jack Ander­ tion of an estimated 3 million Cambodians son, which appeared in the Washington from the cities to the countryside. Cairo, Johannesburg and London. In Post of June 23, 1975, and insert them Yet this must go down in history as the 1940 he returned to Rome and served as into the RECORD at thin time: greatest atrocity since the Nazis herded Jews the Chief of the Office of the Minister of [From the Washington Star, June 24, 1975) into the gas chambers. The mass exodus was Foreign Affairs. In 1945 Ambassador a death march, with reports of bodies aban­ Ortona was first assigned to the Italian CAMBODIAN REFUGEES TELL OF EXECUTIONS doned along the way. An estimated 1 million Embassy in Washington. In 1949 he was (By Denis D. Gray) people are expected to die from hunger and appointed as the head of the Italian SURIN, THAILAND.--Cambodians who es­ exposure in the hinterland, where the food technical delegation which gave him caped recently to Thailand report that mass stocks simply aren't adequate to feed the executions have taken place in Cambodia city population. close dealings with the program of since the Khmer Rouge victory more than The details, however, have been bottled up. American economic assistance to Italy two months ago. As we reported in an earlier column, the which served to reinvigorate their na­ The refugees say most of the victims were Communists have sealed off Cambodia so that tion after the ravages of World War II. men of the former Cambodian army. They almost no information leaks out. In the 1950's Ambassador Ortona's dip­ apparently were killed to eliminate elements An intelligence memo, prepared for the lomatic talents began to be better rec­ thought to be potentially hostile to the new White House, reports this much: ognized and he was chosen as the minis­ rulers of Cambodia, the sources said. "Although the acoounts are confused, and Two former soldiers said they saw Khmer in many cases conflicting, it is clear that the ter-counselor for the Washington Em­ Rouge soldiers beat about 40 officers and en­ forced march out of Phnom Penh resulted in bassy. listed men to death with shovels and clubs death for many of the young, old and weak In 1958 he was given one of its high­ in the northwestern province of Siem Reap among the city's 2 million inhabitants." est honors when he was chosen to be the at the end of April. Another million people from other towns Italian Representative to the United Na­ The victims, their hands tied behind their were driven out of their homes and were tions. He had the distinct and unforget­ backs, screamed and begged to be shot as the forced to join the death march. table privilege of presiding over the Se­ Khmer Rouge pounded them to death. Continues the intelligence document: curity Council on two different occa­ The corpses were buried near the village "First-hand accounts from individuals sions. of Phnom Prong, nine miles west of the pro­ caught up in the forced exodus-and who vincial capital, the tw.:> men said. They said subsequently exited the country-paint a In 1961 Mr. Ortona was summoned they watched the killings from separate hid­ grim picture. back to Italy to serve as the Director ing places in the jungle. "One reported scores of bodies floating in General for Economic Affairs in the Another former soldier from the area said a river near the capital. According to doctors Ministry of Foreign Affairs. His econom- he saw about 40 trailers with about 10 corpses among the marchers, scores of people died ic expertise was called upon often in this from cholera, dehydration or hunger since period serving as chairman of a number piled into each being towed down a road. the Communists provided no food, water or Two days later, after the Khmer Rouge had medicine throughout the long march. of major international conferences. He left, the soldier said he discovered arms and "Having forcefully relocated the urban was also chosen to be a member of the legs and other parts of bodies sticking out population, there is evidence that the leader­ Italian delegation in the International of shallow graves near the village of Phan ship is having difficulty adequately caring Monetary Fund as well as a member of Rong. for its new wards and the toll of human lives the Council of Ministers of the European Anot11:er refugee said he had been a police­ is likely to continue as the result of disease Economic Community. man in the northwestern province of Oddor and famine." After this time he again returned to Mean Chey. He said he and 16 other police Why did the Communists empty the cities? the diplomatic field and was appointed and military intelligence men were rounded Declares the memo: "The removal of the Secretary General of the Minister of up at the provincial headquarters during the urban population to the countryside is clear- Foreign Affairs. July 9, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 21953 In May of 1967 he culminated his bril­ fense can be made, and it goes something REVOLUTIONARY VIOLENCE AND liant career in public service by being ap­ like this: The role of the politician is to PUERTO RICO pointed as the Ambassador of the Re­ make the country work. John Gardner re· minds us that in a country as big and diverse public of Italy to the United States. In as America, worthy groups want mutually HON. LARRY McDONALD his tenure as Ambassador he gained the contradictory things. Without the aid of friendship and respect of the American politicians in creating consensus and accom­ OF GEORGIA and international diplomatic community. modation, the country would come apart at IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES He has many friends in all walks of life the seams. The politician promotes stability, Wednesday, July 9, 1975 both in America and in the world com­ accommodates d11Ierent points of view, de­ munity. I have had the personal pleasure velops a consensus, tries to meet the needs of Mr. McDONALD of Georgia. Mr. the people, and strives to achieve justtce. Speaker, violent revolutionary acts by of knowing the Ambassador for a number On any scale of values, these are not un­ of years and have found him to be a man organizations supporting the creation of worthy tasks. a Cuban-style totalitarian Marxist state of great intelligence and compassion Most politicians are knowledgeable about dedicated to serving the people of Italy. the competing pressures in the country, and in Puerto Rico continue unabated. In at The people of Italy have been fortunate they learn to mediate among them. They least two cities which have experienced to have a man of the caliber of Egidio know the flashpoints of contention on most these terrorist attacks, police investiga­ Ortona as their Ambassador. We in this subjects, and they try to work their way tions have reportedly been seriously hin­ country have been fortunate to have had through conflicting arguments and pressures dered by a lack of intelligence files on to workable solutions. Politicians are neces­ revolutionary extremist groups and their the services of Ambassador Ortona as he sarily students of what will work and of what has proven himself to be an exemplary members and supporters. will keep all sides in a conflict, if not satis­ On June 14, 1975, 12 hours before . leader in the diplomatic world. fied, at least not too unha.ppy. They will A successful diplomat is one who has often blur the stark line between Victory the start of a Puerto Rico Day parade a natural rapport with people. Ambas­ and defeat by making gracious overtures in Chicago, the Fuerzas Armadas de Li­ sador Ortona throughout his long years and even concessions when they win, and beracion Nacional (FALN)-(Armed in the diplomatic service has enjoyed by putting the best possible face on defeat Forces of National Liberation) a Puerto his duties and his contacts with people. when they lose. Rican terrorist organization previously He has provided myself and the other People often have exaggerated expectations active in Newark, N.J., and New York of what politichns can accomplish. They City, claimed responsibility for placing Italian-American Members of Congress want instant satisfaction, and when they with inspiration and guidance in our don't get it, they experience instant disap­ bombs in three downtown Chicago loca­ work and has atiorded us extensive cour­ pointment. They often overestimate the tions. tesies at the famous embassy on 16th ability of their favorite politician to solve a. In the early hours of the morning, a Street. He is a man who has lived life to problem a.nd they underestimate the diffi­ woman phoned the Chicago offices of the the hilt and at an age when most men culty of the problem itself. They become too Associated Press to announce, "This is quickly frustrated and disenchanted with the FALN speaking. We have planted would be seeking a quiet life, Ambassador the political process when politicians do not Ortona remains active in his work and three bombs at capitalist institutions in make the progress they think should be downtown Chicago." After directing re­ his favorite extracurricular activities of made. In fa.ct, politicians often accomplish swimming and horseback riding. more than people realize. Too often, people porters to a communique placed in a Un­ Mr. Speaker, the people of Italy the become transfixed by the daily charges and ion Station telephone booth, the woman Italian-American community, and' the countercha.rges, as the news media focus on concluded, "Free Puerto Rico now! Free diplomatic world as a whole will sorely personalities, differences, and generalities, all political prisoners!" miss Ambassador Ortona. I know I speak that they miss, or forget, the progress made One bomb was never found. A sec­ and the problems avoided. for all these groups when I extend to the ond.' a black powder, dynamite, and clock Basically, politicians struggle for power; device, was discovered in a shoulder bag Ambassador my best wishes for a suc­ that is what their business is all about. In cessful and healthy retirement and many this country this struggle is out in the open, by two couples who thought they had more years with his lovely wife, Jiulia, in a system in which politicians try to make found some abandoned camera equip­ and their three children, one of whom I the competing interests, the frustra.tions and ment outside the First National Bank. might add is seeking to follow his father desires of 215 million Americans and mold They drove as far as the Mid-Continent­ in diplomatic service. Ambassador Or­ them into some kind of national policy. al Plaza Building before discovering the tona is a man who deserves nothing but Politicians play an indispensible role in this true contents of the bag. Thrown from vital process, although, admittedly, it is the car, the bomb exploded almost im­ the best from life, for that is exactly sometimes done rather crudely. what he gave to it. mediately, slightly injuring the four per­ In a big, tough, sometimes cruel world, sons. the politician also serves as an important buffer between individuals and their gov­ The third bomb exploded outside the ernment. Any Congressman can tell you that United of America Bank 7 minutes later POLITICIANS he and his staff spend much time in obtain­ at 12: 52 a.m. This was the assembly ing social security benefits or unemployment point for the Puerto Rican Day parade. compensation for constituents, and in many Press reports indicated that most of the HON. LEE H. HAMILTON other ways politicians are able to make a damage was to glass windows. OF INDIANA harsh environment a little kindlier for in­ The FALN communique labeled "No IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES dividuals who encounter the sometimes ap­ palling ind.ffference of massive government 5," provided the custo~ary _ list of Wednesday, July 9, 1975 bureaucracy. excuses for revolutionary terrorism­ Mr. HAMILTON. Mr. Speaker, under The politicians' efforts to build a majority "repression" and "exploitation." Stating leave to extend my remarks in the REC­ or a consensus are also essential in forging the bombings were in support of the national unity. The forces of sectionalism are Puerto Rican Day parade and of the pro­ ORD, I include my Washington Report very strong in this country. We rightly pride ~est contingent of radical groups within entitled "Politicians": ourselves on the diversity of class, race, creed, it, the FALN Communique No. 5 read: and region, but these things do have a divi­ POLITICIANS In solidarity with the protest contingency Given the deep mistrust of politicians, sive thrust, and on many questions the coun­ we have undertaken the following bombings anyone-and especially a politicia.n--who try needs all the unifying forces it can of Yanki imperialist institutions: the United muster. Fence straddling, back-slapping, takes pen in hand, or opens his mouth, to America Bank, First National Bank, and the defend politicians as a group should prob­ frustratingly ambiguous politicians may de­ serve more credit than you think for soften­ United States Federal Building which houses ably be prepared to duck fast. But I believe various agencies of repression, ex. CIA, FBI, the defense needs to be made, so I'll ignore ing the rough edges of America's fabulous diversity. In the long view, the unity of the LEAA. Also, the Department of Immigra­ my own advice and give it a try. tion, which at this time is trying to blame You don't need to tell those of us who are country is more important tha:Q. winning or polltlclans that we have a bad name and losing a particular fight over policy. the fa.111ng economic system on our chicano that people have become extremely cynical This defense of the politician may be a brothers and sisters. • • • about us. Attacking pollticia.::::is is, of course, little one-sided, but the other side is heard These actions also demonstrate to the a national sport, played enthusiastically so often that I hope it is in order. To para.­ United States Government that the mobile year-round, in good weather a.nd bad, 1n or phrase a. prominent political scientist: There guerrilla. units of the FALN can hit any­ out of doors. is no America without democracy; there is where in the United States. What, then, can be said in defense of poli­ no democracy without politics; and there Once again, we demand the immediate re­ ticians? Believe it or not, a pretty good de- can be no politics without politicians. lease of the four Nationalist Prisoners being CXXI--1383-Part 17 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 9, 1975 held in yanki jails, and the unconditional Shortly afterward, a male speaking un­ rero Unido), a mllitant federation of inde­ independence of Puerto Rico. accented English phoned the New York pendent trade unions. Just in case there may have bee~ any Post while a female telephoned the Asso­ The Guardian neglected to inform its doubts as to the political orientation of ciated Press to claim that the Weather readership that the MOU is the Puerto the FALN, the communique ended: Underground Organizatlon-WUO-had Rican Socialist Party's front for the we also want to express our solidarity committed the bombing "in support of eventual formation of a central labor or­ with the four victorious people of Vietnam, the cement workers strike in Ponce." This ganization of all workers under its Marx­ Cambodia, and Laos. Their victory is our refers to a strike which began in January ist-Leninist control. victory. 1975 by the PSP-led Operators and Ce­ The OCWU/PSP strike against the ment Workers Union-OCWU-against Puerto Rican Cement Co. has been The revolutionary Marxist-Leni~ist the Puerto Rican Cement Co. owned by Puerto Rican Socialist Party-Partido marked by nearly three dozen bombings the family of Luis Ferre, former gover­ of company property. On April 9, Efrain Socialista Puertorriquena-ping civil-rights marches on City abound. Maggiorl Lake is the largest city Hall. In the Christian Science Monitor issue park featuring Boyd Hill nature park, a wild­ In a.II the strike lasted 116 days, with of June 11, 1975, the largest city in my life sanctuary. thousands of dollars in property damage, district--st. Petersburg-was pinpointed Cost of living is low; housing is inexpen­ dozens of firebombings, and many arrests. as one of "America's 10 most livable sive; electric rates are high; there is no state But concerned citizens formed a biracial income tax. City taxes are 4 percent. group ca.lied the United Alliance Committee, cities." I only wish that the beautiful pic­ At home in suburban St. Petersburg, the and through the actions of the committee tures which accompanied that article Mullins enjoy walking a.long the public the grievances of the garbage workers were could be reproduced in the CONGRESSIONAL beach at sunset. alleviated. RECORD for all of my colleagues to enjoy. "Sometimes, it's enough to look ~mt the St. Petersburg, despite its restless, hot, and Mr. Speaker, I want to share this arti­ window and see the sand and the ocean," says humid nights, has remained quiet since. cle with the Members of the House of Mr. Mullin. "But to walk in it-to feel the Meanwhile, people here continue to enjoy Representatives and at the same time, sand between your toes-that's better than such St. Petersburg specialties as spectator invite each one to consider spending just about anything." sports: exhibition baseball (St. Petersburg This is not a city without drawbacks, how­ is the winter home of the St. Louis Cardinals some future vacation time in St. Peters­ ever. and the New York Mets) and local softball burg-"The Sunshine City." It gets hot here-and it stays hot. Spring teams. There are professional golf and tennis The article by Staff Correspondent and summer temperatures hover near 100 de­ tournaments, boat races, legalized gambling. Judith Frutig, follows: grees. The humidity is oppressive. From April The National Football League has des­ AMERICA'S 10 MOST LIVABLE CrrIES--ST. through Christmas, people scurry from air­ ignated the Tampa-St. Petersburg area a PETERSBURG condltloned omces, restaurants, or the league city; the team will be called the Buc­ (By Judith Frutig) theaters. caneers. Overall population growth has been rapid, ST. PETERSBURG, FLA.-The last time Ralph St. Petersburg's waterfront is unmatched up 20 percent between 1960 and 1970 (to by any other city. Twenty blocks have public and Doris Mullin went camping, they packed 216,000). Pinellas County has become the one grandmother and two teen-age daugh­ most densely populated area. in Florida. Tam­ access. The focus is the bay-front center, also ters into the family van and headed south pa-St. Petersburg is growing twice as fast as the heart of St. Petersburg's cultural and for Fort Desoto, a wilderness park. Atlanta, and almost 60 J>ercent as fast as entertainment district, municipally owned Mr. Mullin went fishing from the pier, but Mia.ml. and operated. It sea.ts more than 2,800 in its he caught nothing. Mrs. Mullin collected As a result, problems have developed with: theater and more than 8,000 in its arena, of­ shells on the beach. Their campsite was on Water. A drought emergency has already fering nearly 200 events each year ranging the beach too, separated from their neigh­ been declared this year and lawn sprinkling from concerts to broad.way shows to religious bors by tropical foliage. is banned from 10 a.m. to 7 p.m. If the com­ conventions and industrial exhibitions. In the evenings, they built a bonfire, bination of rising population and dwindling There is an $800,000 marina, a $1 million cooked dinner, roasted marshmallows, sang, rainfall continues, the people here and else­ museum of fine arts, the pier, a sports arena., and watched the city lights of St. Petersburg where in Florida may have to choose be­ downtown airport, and the campus of the shimmer across the bay. tween raising their famed citrus fruits, which They were 30 minutes from home. University of South Florida. gulp twice as much water as people do, or The Florida Gulf Coast Symphony shares a The park-five connected islands and 884 stringent water rationing; they may even acres of quietude and fiamingoes--is one of 10-concert subscription series between have to desalinate salt water for drinking at Tampa and St. Petersburg; this year for its five in Pinellas County, all within 50 miles very high costs. of the city. fourth season the St. Petersburg series is They help make St. Petersburg a very liv­ Pollution. In 1961, only Cheyenne, Wyo­ ming, and Honolulu had cleaner air. Last year sold out. able East Coast city that glories in its 38 WEATHER ATTRACTED there were three "ozone alerts"; this year miles of shoreline and its mile a.fter mile of William and Mary Hall moved here from beaches as soft and as white as sifted :O.our. there has already been one. Smog comes St. Petersburg calls itself the "sunshine from Tampa, but mostly from as far north as Cincinnati in 1973. He retired from Proctor city." One local newspaper promises to give Chica.go, carried south by high-pressure & Gamble, she quit her job as a first-grade away its street editions every day the sun weather systems. school teacher, and they built their own 219J58 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 9, 1975 house. They say they moved here for the a Dallas union that had engaged in a sec. legislation to be enacted; suppose, addi­ weather. ondary boycott. tionally, there is a new public hospital going "The biggest disappointment," says Mr. This decision has given new impetus to up in Anytown, Massazona.. On the job are Hall, "has been my golf game." the effort to change the law. The bill now approximately two dozen different subcon­ While Mr. Hall fishes off their dock, prac­ before the House Education and Labor Com­ tractors, working for the general contractor. tices on the putting green in their backyard, mittee, H.R. 5900, is sponsored by Rep. Frank One of the subcontractors ls a small elec­ or plays a round of golf on one of the local Thompson, a Democrat, and 11 other union­ trica,.l firm. The firm is involved in a wage public courses, Mrs. Hall has ta.ken sewing oriented and genera.Uy union-financed con­ dispute with the electrical workers' union. and tennis lessons and worked as a volun­ gressmen. The blll describes itself, with mis­ The union throws out a picket line-and, teer in a local public library. leading innocence, as "a blll to protect the in so doing, shuts down the whole "situs"; Recently they placed traps off their dock economic rights of labor in the building the entire construction job. and ate the fresh crab meat--Mr. Hall for and construction industry." It would do What is fair a.bout such a strong-arm tac­ the first time. They enjoy watching porpoises this-and a good deal more-by exempting tic? How have the other subcontractors of­ swim up the channel. Together they are these unions from the prohibition against fended, and why should they be punished? searching for new restaurants to replace their secondary boycotts [also known as common Why should the public be punished by a favorite haunts back home. situs picketing] in the Ta.ft-Hartley law as delay in finishing the hospital? They miss their long-time Cincinnati com­ a.mended by La.ndrum-Griflln. Should the "common situs" bill pass, pre­ panions. Most of all they miss the change of It would thus expand the freedom from dictable effects will flow from it. The unions sea.son. "I miss the fall colors," says Mrs. Hall antitrust laws that unions already enjoy, will use their new muscle to force the union­ wistfully. and would do so at a time when the unions­ ization of all employes on a given job. The • "We sit out in the backyard in late after­ and especially the construction unions-are contractor will deal no more with "open­ noon," says Mr. Hall, "and the breeze comes wielding the same monopolistic power that shop" labor, lest his whole project be closed in over the water, and you know, ls doesn't the antitrust laws were designed to prevent down. Accordingly, the right to work at one's feel as hot as Cincinnati summers. Besides, on the part of business. trade without joining a union will be in­ we have that beautiful sunset behind the The proposed law would give the unions fringed. Then, too, union labor is ordinar­ palm trees. You don't get that in Cincinnati a stronghold over every contractor and ily more costly than "open-shop" labor. The either." every product used at a construction si"j;e. price of construction, already staggeringly Every dispute would quickly lead to a walk­ high, will go still higher. out of all the workers engaged on a product; Ironically, in a landmark decision stem­ SECONDARY BOYCOTTS AND THE those who might resist would be left without ming from a Dallas case, the U.S. Supreme work to do. Monopolistic unions would be­ Court ruled just the other day that unions CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY-II come more powerful than ever; small, inde­ have no right to force a contractor to deal pendent unions would be forced to disband. only with subcontractors whose workers are Nonunion workers would find it harder than unionized. "Common situs'' legislation HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK ever to get work. would undo the court's decision-just when OF OHIO The building trades have been seeking this it looks as though an element of fairness IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES exemption for themselves ever since 1953, may be restored to labor-management rela­ Wednesday, July 9, 1975 when Secretary of Labor Martin Durkin tions in construction. All the more reason (himself a plumber and a union official) to hope the "common situs" virus can be Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, on tried in vain to get the Eisenhower admin­ isolated-before the whole country starts June 26 the Labor-Management Rela­ istration to support it. The unions came close sneezing. tions Subcommittee of the House Com­ in 1959 and 1960, but a.gain failed. mittee on Education and Labor approved If the cost of building is to be held down SECONDARY BOYCOTT AGAIN and the industry revived, it wm not be thru Being revived in Congress ls a labor bar­ H.R. 5900. This bill would legalize com­ government subsidies as much as thru restor­ mon situs picketing in the construction gaining issue involving the construction in­ ing competition and efficiency in the build­ dustry that has been fought out three times industry. ing trades. This will never be done as long before. Unions call it common situs picket­ I voted against reporting the bill to the a.s the unions themselves are permitted to ing; employers call it secondary boycott. full committee. I do not believe that we make the rules. Instead of looking for ways Under existing law, namely the Ta.ft­ should exempt the building trades from to strengthen the labor monopolies, Congress Ha.rtley Act, a union engaged in a lawful the legal prohibitions on secondary boy­ should seek to undo some of the restrictions strike against an employer can picket that cotts. that the unions have imposed on the con­ employer, but cannot willfully picket or My position is receiving support from struction industry. otherwise pressure other employers ooerat­ ing at the same site, as some would be on a across the Nation. For the information COMMON SITUS: A MALADY WE DON'T NEED of my colleagues I am including in the construction job. In the name of all that is just and reason­ Thus a construction union striking CONGRESSIONAL RECORD several newspaper able, let us hope the nation never comes against a subcontractor cannot shut down editorials in opposition to H.R. 5900. Fol­ down with "common situs." Which ought not an entire construction project unless the lowing are editorials from the June 14, be mistaken for a communicable illness--it involved contractor's operations hold the key Chicago Tribune, the June 8, Dallas ls a good deal worse than that. to continuance of other work. The striking Morning News and the June 9, Indian­ "Situs" is the Latin for "location." "Com­ union is not allowed to spread pickets all apolis Star : mon situs" is the legal description of a sit­ over the site to stop others from working. uation in which a construction union can THE BUILDING TRADES TRY AGAIN Now moves are afoot in both houses uf shut down all work on a given construction Congress to exempt construction unions With the building trade unions constantly location by striking against and picketing from this section of the law. Such an exemp­ pushing wages up to new records, and with one--one !--subean tractor. tion would allow a union striking against unemployment in the construction industry Such a situation, so clearly at variance even a minor subcontractor on a construc­ already worse than in any other [thanks with the dictates of fairness and public re­ tion project to throw picket lines a.round largely to those same high wages], the last sponsibility, is at present illegal. The con­ the whole site and shut down the entire thing the industry needs is greater clout in struction unions chafe at their consequent project, unless nonstriking workers were the hands of the unions. lack of full leverage. They have gotten bllls willing to cross the picket lines. Yet the building trades a.re at work once introduced in both houses of Congress, as The power such an exemption would place again, quietly but with determination, to indeed they have done for several yea.rs, to in the hands of individual unions is obvious. exempt themselves from the laws that pro­ legitimize so overpowering a tactic as "com­ Organizations of contractors and suppliers hibit secondary boycotts. mon situs" picketing. predict a rash of job shutdowns if the exemp­ As the law now stands, picketing is re­ In past years, the bills have died. This year tion is enacted. One result almost surely stricted at construction sites, where several may be different. The present Congress Is would be further escalation of costs in an crafts usually a.re working at the same time. more strongly pro-labor than any Congress industry already badly hurt by high costs. When a union has a dispute with one or in a decade. As why not? Labor, in the past more subcontractors, pickets may not try One effect foreseen by Associated General to induce the employes of other subcontrac­ campaign, was extravagantly generous with Contractors of America is that unions would tors to go on strike in order to force the fts political spending. The members of the be in a position to dictate to the general con­ general contractor to stop doing business House Education and Labor Committee, for tractor on a project which subcontractors he with the subcontractors involved in the orig­ example, received a total of $429,632 in con­ could or could not do business with. inal dispute. More and more unions have tributions from the unions. On three previous occasions Congress been viola.ting the law and getting a.way As to the proposed legislation-what decided that it would not be a good idea with it. Some courts have even supported would it do? In broadest terms, it would to legalize secondary labor boycotts in the them-until two weeks ago the Supreme allow the bullying of innocent bystanders construction business. The idea is not any Court allowed a triple-damage suit against in a construction labor dispute. Suppose the better now. July 9, 19r5 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 21.959 THE PLIGHT OF URI PODRIACHIK Jews in cultural activities and access to During former President Nixon's 1973 visit higher education; and to the Soviet Union, Uri attempted to ask Whereas, The righit freely to emigrate, for his personal intervention. He was sub­ which is denied Soviet Jews who seek to sequently called to KGB headquarters, HON. MARIO BIAGGI maintain their identity by moving elsewhere, accused of "anti-social behavior" and OF NEW YORK is a right affirmed by the United Nations Dec­ threatened with a prison sentence. Now, laration of Human Rights, adopted unani­ almost 5 years since his army discharge, he IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES mously by the General Assembly of the is still denied a visa. In February 1975, the Wednesday, July 9, 1975 United Nations; and Latvian Undersecretary of the Interior Whereas, The government of the Soviet rejected once again Uri's appeal for a review Mr. BIAGGI. Mr. Speaker, since Feb­ Union by allowing certain members of So­ of his case. ruary of 1975, I have had a continuing viet Jewish families to emigrate while pro­ interest in the plight of Uri Podriachik, hibiting the emigration of other integral BIOGRAPHY OF DINA ROITKOP-PODRIACHIK a Soviet Jew whose application to leave members of the family are engaged in a Born in 1922, in Rezekne, Latvia, Dina the Soviet Union has been repeatedly devious and unconscionable strategy to un­ Podriachik received a traditional Jewish denied and who is being detained by dermine the familial integrity of the Soviet education and graduated from a Hebrew high Soviet authorities in Riga. His mother, Jewry; and school. As a member of the youth movement the actress Dina Roitkop Podriachik, now Whereas, This callous strategy is devoid "Hashomer Hatzair," she took part in agri­ of any sense of humanity and is calculated cultural training and planned to emigrate lives in Israel and is separated from her to rupture the time honored sanctity of the to Israel. The Russian invasion of Latvia, son. family unit adhered to by Soviet Jewry and however, prevented her from carrying out It is my opinion that the United States all civilized people; and her plans. cannot simply carry on "business as Whereas, This subtle and effective separa­ In 1940, Dina moved to Riga, where she usual" with the Soviet Union while it tion and seclusion of loved ones from the studied acting at the National Jewish denies its inhabitants basic human rights joys of shared family experiences may only Theatre until the German invasion of that and in particular the right to escape be condemned as acts of a surreptitious city. government bent upon the shaittering of During the war, she continued her studies oppression by leaving the country. human emotions; and at a studio under the direction of Solomon The Assembly of the State of New Whereas, Dina Roitkop Podriachik is a well Michoeles in Tashkent. In 1943, the theatre York recently passed a resolution of known and distinguished actress who re­ moved to Moscow where she met and married solidarity with Dina and Uri Podriachik, cently emigrated to Israel from the Soviet Eliezer Podrlachik, a Jewish writer and representing all oppressed Soviet Jews. Union; and scholar. In 1949, their son, Uri, was born. The resolution requests Congress to call Whereas, Her son., Uri, is still detained by That same year the theatre, of which she upon the Soviet Union to release Uri the Soviet Authorities and prohibited from was then a member, was closed and the Podriachik, as well as other Soviet Jews, emigrating; and family moved back to Riga. Ten years later Whereas, Dina. Roitkop Podriachik is in she resumed her acting career with a Yid­ to emigrate from the Soviet Union to the this country to tell of the oppression of dish theatre and appeared with Nehama country of their choice. I have made Russian Jews and of her son in particular; Lipshitz among others. such calls in my own name on numerous now, therefore, be it In 1971, Dina and Eliezer were permitted occasions. Certainly this resolution mer­ Resolved, That the Assembly of the State to emigrate to Israel, but were forced to its the immediate attention and action of New York, in the interest of justice and leave their son behind. She is at present of Congress. I am therefore today intro­ humanity, express its solidarity with Dina with Israel's Habima National Theatre. Uri ducing a concurrent resolution modeled Roitkop Podriachik and her own son Uri ls still in Riga. He has been repeatedly denied and all other similarly affected Soviet fami­ a visa and has been subjected to severe after the New York Assembly resolution. lies in their plight; and be it further harassment. Further, we must resist those who call Resolved, That the Assembly of the State for the weakening of the profree emigra­ of New York urge the President and Con­ [Translated from Russian] tion provisions of the Trade Act of 1974 gress of the United States to call upon the Mr. MARIO BIAGGI, and the granting of valuable considera­ Soviet government to permit Dina Roitkop The House of Representatives, tions to the Soviet Union. We as a nation Podriachik's son Uri, as well as the other Washington. cannot grant concessions to a country oppressed Soviet Jews to emigrate from the DEAR MR. BIAGGI: It ts probably not the that is in such flagrant violation of the Soviet Union to the countries of their choice first time that you have been receiving a principles of human rights that we hold as affirmed by the United Nations Declara­ letter from a mother whose troubles com­ tions of Human Rights; and be it further pelled her to appeal to you. I am one of dear. At this point I insert for the Resolved, That copies of this resolution these unfortunate mothers whose son had RECORD the text of the New York As­ be forwarded to Dina Roitkop Podriachik as been separated from his family because of sembly resolution, together with biog­ well as to the President of the United States the ill will of some people. My husband, a. raphies of Dina Roitkop Podria.chik and and members of Congress of the United writer, and I, an actress, have been separated her son, Uri Podriachik, and a letter that States. from our son for about three and a half I have received from Mrs. Podriachik. By order of the Assembly, years now after we left the USSR for Israel. I hope that my colleagues will take the CATHERINE A. CAREY, Clerk. You could justly ask us: "What has made time to study them, so that they can you leave your son and go alone?" Allow me to tell you briefly one of those st.ories which come to understand better the plight of BIOGRAPHY OF URI PODRIACHIK are so characteristic for the fate of our un­ those held captive in the U.S.S.R.: Uri Podriachik was born in Moscow in Feb­ fortunate people. STATE OF NEW YORK, RESOLUTION No. 95, ruary 1949 and grew up in Riga. He graduated When the Nazis have occupied my native JUNE 16, 1975 high school in 1966 and continued his studies town of Rezhitsa, near Riga in Latvia, I was Assembly resolution expressing solidarity at the Riga Technological Institute. Uri was only seventeen. All alone, I found myself in with Dina. Roitkop Podriachik in her plight a. second year student when he was drafted Russia and found out later that all of the representing all oppressed Soviet Jews and into the army as private and was assigned members of my once large family have per­ in particular her son Uri who has been de­ work as a plumber. Upon completing his ished in Auschwitz. Only one of my brothers tained in Riga by the Soviet authorities military service in 1969, Uri resumed his remained alive and I met With him much and urging the President and the United studies at the Institute. later. My husband's fate is not much dif­ States Congress to implore the Soviet He submitted his first application for an ferent from mine-a young man from Union to permit Dina Roitkop Podriachik's exit visa to Israel in 1971. That same year Romania, he lost all his family in that ter­ son Uri and other oppressed Soviet Jews Uri left the Institute, when the authorities rible war and had also found himself in to emigrate freely from the Soviet Union demanded an "academic ransom tax,'' for Russia. Fate had united our lives on the Whereas, In the Soviet Union men and fear that his inability to pay might delay crossroads of the war. women are denied freedoms recognized as his emigration. Upon being denied a visa, After the war I studied in the Moscow basic by all civilized countries of the world Uri demanded his right to live with his Theatre Studio of the Jewish Theatre under and indeed by the Soviet Constitution; and parents who were allowed to leave for Israel. the direction of Solomon Mikhoels. My hus­ Whereas, Jews and other religious minori­ He appealed to the Ministry of Interior and band worked in the Jewish literary field. We ties in the Soviet Union are being denied was promised that his case would be re­ had a son. It seemed that things were settling the means to exercise their religion and viewed. However, one week later he was down well. Yet, our happiness was short­ sustain their identity; and called to the Riga OVIR and informed that lived-a new terror had befallen the Russian Whereas, The government of the Soviet his appeal was rejected by Moscow authori­ Jewry: the leaders of the Jewish culture have Union is persecuting Jewish citizens by deny­ ties on the grounds that he had been ex­ perished, the theatres and the publishing ing them the same rights and privileges ac­ posed to classified information while in the houses were closed. We had to look for shel­ corded other recognized religions ln the So- army. Uri's repeated appeals to the OVIR ter and !or our daily bread and moved from viet Union and by discrimination against drew only denials. Moscow to Riga. 21960 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 9, 1975 After long yea.rs of trying to find someone the first such sentence against a Soviet Jew flow to overthrow the South, and there seems from my husband's family we were success­ on these charges in many yea.rs. As of this no sign of this happening. ful in our efforts-we found that my date, his la.st appeal has been denied and Kim II Sung, the northern dicta.tor, ls try­ husband's only sister was alive and living in he is a.waiting execution. The Women's Ac­ ing to take advantage of the sudden, collapse Israel. She was wa.iting to see us, at last, in tion Committee for Soviet Jewry ls appeal­ in Vietnam to intimidate South Korea, but the land of our forefathers. ing to you to take action to save his life. despite repeated cries of warning, the situa­ Yet, at the time of our receival of the Lieviev was born in Bukhara. in 1918. He tion along the border in Korea ls in actuality visas our son had already finished his army left for Moscow where he received a law less menacing than at most times during the service. He was not allowed to leave as, ac­ degree and served as a judge and a counselor pa.st two decades. Pyongyang does have more cording to the Soviet law, he had to stay to the Soviet Supreme Court. He also served than twice the air strength of Seoul, but this in the Soviet Union for three years after as a judge in Samarkand and Dushanbe. In advantage ls offset by the presence of Amer­ his discharge from the army. It was also 1945, he returned to Moscow and was em­ ican air power in the South, while in ground stated that he allegedly had access to secret ployed as a translator in a law office. In 1947, forces the South outnumbers the North by information-despite the fact that he served he was dismissed from his job because he was about 600,000 men to 400,000, with reserves as a private, working as a sanitation suspected of having "Zionist sympathies." and paramilitary units that give an overall technician. After allegedly toasting the State of Israel balance of 3 million to less than 2 million. We had to leave by ourselves as during during a circumcision ceremony in 1950, Le­ These figures reflect the facts that the our son's army service my husband was viev was sentenced to 10 years in prison. South has more than twice the population of badly injured in a road accident and became After Stalin's death in 1954 he was released the North (in Vietnam it was the North that an invalid for life. Deprived of any income, from prison. was the larger) , and both regimes are as com­ Without work-I was the only breadwinner In 1971, Leviev applied for exit visas to pletely militarized as any in the world. in the family and made the ends meet by Israel for himself, his Wife and two sons. He Pyongyang could not risk war without the working in embroidery, we left, hoping that resigned from his position as manager of a strong support of China or the Soviet Union, our son Will follow us after the "quarantine" consumers cooperative store in Moscow when and both of these seem much more eager to period as it was promised to us by the au­ he received his visa application. At the time avoid a conflict in Korea than they were in thorities. Alas, we were deceived and cruelly of his resignation-he had served 10 years as the past. punished for crimes which we never com­ manager-there was a careful inspection of This may sound reassuring, but it concerns mitted-we were separated from our son and the books and store operations and no irreg­ only the false crisis derived from mistaken no efforts on both our and his part have ularities were reported. Six months later he analogies with Vietnam. Ba.ck of this, how­ brought about any success. All the numerous received his exit visa and began necessary ever, is a real danger that is escaping ade­ letters sent by me to the leaders of the departure arrangements. quate attention, in pa.rt because of the red Soviet Union, to the OVIR offices, to the A few days before his anticipated depar­ herring of Vietnam. International Red Cross Organization, to ture, Leviev was arrested and placed under It is not an immediate crisis, but rather Senator Jackson, to the Secretary of State, investigation. He was held for two years in a situation that over a longer time span may Mr. Kissinger and to many, many others prison a.waiting trial, and on December 8, produce conditions like those that proved have remained unanswered. 1974 after an 11-week trial, Leviev, Soviet fatal to South Vietnam. In other words, an Now you are my la.st hope I have heard Jew, wss convicted of taking bribes and ultimate, Vietnam-like debacle may be in much a.bout your understanding and about given the maximum sentence of death. the cards for us in Korea unless we start to your active assistance to people who have It is urgent to wire: Soviet President Niko­ do something a.bout it soon. found themselves in the same tragic situa­ lai Podgorny, Kremlin, Moscow, Soviet Union, The experiences of the Korean War made tion as did our family. Do not judge me, a and plead for clemency and a commutation the South Koreans the most bitterly anti­ mother asking for help, harshly for bother­ of the death penalty in the case of Mikhail communist people in the world and there­ ing you. I am sure that you wm understand Leviev. For more information, contact the fore insured their loyalty to Seoul. But this how difficult it ts for me to be separated Commission on Soviet Jewry, 663-8484. shows signs of eroding. from my only son. There has always been much popular dis­ My son, Uri Podrya.dchik, a simple labourer satisfaction With the government in South (he did not manage to receive an education) Korea. Despite rapid economic growth in re­ is residing in the USSR, Riga, Gorkogo St., cent years, the discrepancies in wealth were No. 61, apt. 5; tel. 78315. KOREA AND VIBTNAM: THE NON­ severe and seemed to be growlng worse. Cor­ Please help us to achieve what all the PARALLELS ruption in government and business--re­ pa.rents have-the happine~ of living with cently highlighted by the admission of a $4 one's children in one's old age. Please help million bribe to government authorities by both him and us to become reunited in the HON. DONALD M. FRASER the Gulf 011 Corp.-has always drawn much land where every Jew can achieve national OF MINNESOTA criticism. Except for a brief period in 1960- dignity. 61 of ineffective Democratic government, Yours sincerely, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Korea's democracy has always been imper­ Mrs. D. ROITKOP-PODRYADCHIK. Wednesday, July 9, 1975 fect and incomplete. Individual rights and freedoms were often curtailed. Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, during the But at the same time, there was enough recent Fourth of July congressional re­ individual liberty and democratic partici­ DEATHSENTENCELEVIED;URGENT cess, the Washington Post published two pation in government to make people feel ACTION NEEDED TO SAVE LEVIEV of the most thoughtful statements about that there was sufficient difference from the Korea that have come to my attention. completely repressive regime of the North to Perhaps some of my colleagues missed make the South worth fighting to preserve. HON. ALPHONZO BELL This situation, however, has been chang­ one or both of these articles. Donald L. ing of late. In October, 1972, President Park OF CALIFORNIA Ranard and Edwin 0. Reischauer are Chung Hee declared martial law and fol­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES men who have been intimately involved lowed this With a new constitution, which, Wednesday, July 9, 1975 in the matters they discuss. Their views by giving him the right to appoint one-third deserve our close attention. of the members of Parliament, reduced that Mr. BELL. Mr. Speaker, I wish to call The editorials follow: body and all electoral polltics to a sham. to the attention of my colleagues the re­ [The Washington Post, June 28, 1975) He followed this by Dria.conian measures marks of Mrs. Robin Gerber, chairwom­ seriously llmiting individual freedoms, in­ an of the Women's Action Committee for KOREA AND VIETNAM: THE NONPARALLELS cluding those of political criticism and self­ Soviet Jewry, Community Affairs Com­ (Edwin O. Reischauer) expression, and enforced these With brutal mittee, Women's Conference, which de­ (The writer was U.S. ambassador to Japan police controls. The opposition forces have from 1961 to 1966 and ls now a professor been cowed into virtual silence, but hostility scribed the continuing plight of Mikhail of Asian studies at Harvard University) and tensions run deep. Leviev. The text of those remarks fol­ False analogies between Korea and Viet- Especially among the city dwellers and the lows: nam originally helped get us into a funda­ better educated, including the bulk of the DEATH SENTENCE LEVIED; URGENT ACTION mentally worse situation in Vietnam. Let us influential Protestant and Catholic groups, NEEDED To SAVE LEVIEV not now reverse the process and panic over there is a. sense of desperation. Student ac­ (This text has been prepared by Mrs. Robin Korea because of analogies mistakenly drawn tivism may have been successfully repressed; Gerber, chairwoman of the Women's Action with Vietnam. but probably at the cost of creating secret Committee for Soviet Jewry, Community Af­ South Korea simply is not vulnerable at student revolutionaries. Step 1 has been fairs Committee, Women's Conference.) present to the two basic llls that destroyed ta.ken toward the making of a Vietnamese On December 8, 1974 Mikhail Leviev, 56- South Vietnam-the uncertain loyalty of its situation. year-old Soviet Jew was sentenced to death people, and the resultant possibility for easy South Korea has recently suffered another by firing squad by the Municipal Court of penetration and subversion by the North. At blow, this one not of its own making. Korea's Moscow for alleged "economic crimes." It was present it would require a Ina.Ssive external dazzling economic record of recent years was July 9, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 21961 based on industrialization and world trade­ middle of the peninsula. Aside from our vulsion and distain for the violations of basic an incipient replica of the Japanese eco­ emotional involvement in the well-being of human rights that are taking place currently nomic miracle---and therefore the oil crisis the brave and talented people of South in Korea. To say the least, I find it morally that started in the autumn of 1973 dealt Korea, our only major concern in the area contradictory that the leaders of the past Korea a serious blow. is the adverse impact its fall to North Korea two administrations should have spoken It is particularly dependent on markets in would have on Japan, a. nation of very great since 1968 of the importance of democratic and investments from Japan and the United importance to the United States. institutions in our foreign relations--a re­ States, and both these countries have them­ A sudden collapse resulting in part from cent example of which was the President's selves been in recessions. In addition, the an American refusal to live up to its com­ address to NATO--but in practically every picture of an increasingly repressive South mitments might start a nervous Japan back instance where vigorous comment was called Korean regime makes both Japanese and on the road toward remilitariza.tion, or ifor, to have muzzled our public and private Americans more critical of conditions in might frighten it into a stance of much less reaction both in Seoul and Washington. Korea., more dubious about its future and cooperation with the United States on vital When eight Koreans, whose guilt in a so­ less willing to invest there, thus adding to shared problems of economics and world called conspiracy against the state was never Korea's economic woes. A serious economic order. established, were hanged recently, our State downturn could further erode South Korean If, however, the United States had dis­ Department could only mumble its "regrets." loyalities. engaged militarily from Korea by slow and From previous experience in the department The deterioration of the politioa.l situa­ well understood steps prior to a collapse, the I can only sympathize with the frustrations tion in South Korea has also increased impact might be quite negligible. of my former colleagues in their unsuccess­ doubts a.bout the American commitments to Now is the time, while the Vietnam dust ful efforts to get through the hierarchy a help defend the country. The post-Vietnam is settling, to start thinking through this more forthright statement of the American mood in the United States is reason enough problem. We should before long have a clear sense of outrage at this miscarriage of jus­ for such doubts, but they are greatly in­ program to present to Park of measured tlc.e. Why should the expression of convic­ creased by a picture of a dictatorial and withdrawals of American troops and reduc­ tions regarding human rights-principles cruelty repressive regime in Seoul, which is tions of military aid until both are entirely which are embedded in our Constitution, repugnant to Americans. gone within a few years-unless the South and in the universal Declaration of Human The American commitment is hedged by Koreans find it possible in the meantime to Rights-be such an agonizing experience for the phrasing that "In case of an external change course again and start moving back men of conscience in our State Department? armed attack" each nation, "would act to to a freer, more democratic system that The most frequently heard explanation meet the common danger in accordance with would better win the loyal ties of their own for U.S. silence is "non-interference in the its constitutional processes." Still, the pres­ people and the support of the American internal affairs of other governments." This ence of about 40,000 American soldiers as a public. is a sensible and time-honored doctrine but sort of trip-wire near the border has always To avoid damaging shocks both in Korea. its application to Korea has too frequently made American involvement in a renewed and Japan, such a program would have to been a convenient excuse for avoiding our Korean War seem almost automatic. be spread over several years. Although the responsibility to our own principles. More­ But this may well not be true, given the crisis is not an immediate one, we must start over, it is specious to state we are not in­ popular mood in the United States, as very soon if we are to complete the maneuver volved in Korean affairs. We are involved to strengthened by the distasteful political ac­ before the situation does reach crisis pro­ the extent of 40,000 troops, and some $150 tions of Park's government. In other words, portions. million annually in military assistance. With the United States has made a. commitment The present is also a good time to start Korea, the United States carries responsibili­ reinforced by a military presence that the forming a longer-range Korean strategy. ties which arise ifrom a peculiar relation­ American people would very possibly be un­ Korea has all along been -a more dangerous ship, and these cannot lightly be brushed willing to live up to. This is indeed a perilous threat to world peace than Vietnam, not just aside. position for the United States to be in. because it is a larger and more effectively I may also say that I find it disingenuous Park or his successors have only two paths militarized country, but because of its more that our leaders justify their reluctance to they can follow. strategic location between three of the larg­ speak out in terms of the doctrine of non-in­ On the one hand, they can smother all est nations of the world-Japan, China and terference, especially when we recall the ex­ political criticism and ruthlessly eradicate the Soviet Union-with the fourth, the tent to which our officials in Vietnam and all sources of opposition. North Korea, North United States, deeply involved in the penin­ Cambodia, with Washington sanction, if not Vietnam and China itself show the viability sula. for historical reasons. actual instruction, were directly involved of this sort of regime in an East Asian setting The surrounding great powers should move in the internal day to day affairs of those though it may be much more difficult to toward an agreement to isolate this danger countries. In still another Southeast Asian create one on a. rightist rather than a. leftist spot from other issues. country we financed in part her overseas Ideological basis, as the experience of the What is needed is a four-power agree­ representation. And in Latin America, we Chinese Nationalists suggest. Of course, this ment between the United States, the Soviet attempted to influence a national election. road would ultimately lead to the forfeiture Union, China and Ja.pan that they w1ll not This is the sort of interference the doctrine of the American military commitment, and allow disturbances in Korea to spill over to sought to avoid. Surely comment about the probably much of Japanese and American involve them in their relations with one illegal detention or trial of a Catholic bishop, economic support. another. a nationally prominent poet, a past presi­ The other road would be a return toward a The distrust and hostility between China dent, and other honorable and respected more open society with a growing role for and the Soviet Union stand in the way of men is not in the same category. democratic political institutions. High edu­ such an agreement today, as does also the we are also told that the security of the cational levels make such a course perfectly presence of American forces in the South. Korean peninsula requires a cautious ap­ feasible in Korea, and in my judgment it Such an agreement will not be easy to proach, and I concur. Yet for at least four would be by far the better bet, even in stark achieve but it is an obvious goal that the years, the internal situation in Korea has military terms. United States should be working toward been deteriorating, and relations between But what should the United States do? The now. government and the people have been erod­ tendency is to sweep the problem under the When achieved, it will not only neutralize ing. If there is one lesson we should have rug-to leave things alone and pretend the one of the most dangerous trouble spots in learned from Korea, it ls that her people will problem does not exist, counting on the im­ the world, but may also take some of the not endure forever a government which de­ probab111ty of war, at least in the near fu­ tensions out of the situation in Korea. itself. nies them a right to participate. Unless the ture, to see us safely through Until some It could lead to agreed military limitations present course of events is arrested or re­ still unknown but, it is hoped, better situa­ between the two Korean regimes, which versed, there will be trouble in Korea. And tion develops lat.er on. would be an economic boon to both, and should that occur, how much better for the In the very short run, this policy is under­ possibly might open the way for ultimate United States that our role has been honor­ standable. The shock of the sudden collapse reunification, which is of course the dream able and consistent with our ideals. Our con­ in Vietnam for Americans, Koreans and the of all Koreans. duct to date on human rights issues has not world at large makes it wise to let the dust [From the Washington Post, June 30, 1975] settle a bit before making any decisive new been so. "TONGUE-TIED" ON HUMAN RIGHTS It may be argued that there are contra­ moves in Korea. But such a do-nothing pol­ dictions in criticizing Korea's conduct as icy cannot be allowed to continue indefinite­ (By Donald L. Rana.rd) reprehensible to democratic rule, while con­ ly, as South Korean loyalties wither and Respect for human rights was incorporated tinuing to make possible to this same gov­ popular American distate for Korean dic­ in all of the documents and laws which ernment miUta.ry assistance and the protec­ tatorship grows. framed our government and which eventu­ tion of the American commitment. So be it. The defense of South Korea, regardless ally made our country the leader of what we It is in the nature of the realities we face of the nature of its systems, is not vital to once were prone to call the Free World. I find in Asia. But I see less contradiction. in the American interests. A defense line in the it unbecoming to our heritage and to our position I have advocated than 1n the lip­ straits between Japan and Korea has always role in world affairs that the United States service our foreign policy currently gives to made more military sense than one in the should be tongue-tied in expressing its re- those values which made ours a great nation. CXXI--1384-Part 17 21962 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 9, 1975 ASHLEY INTRODUCES OZONE PRO­ a warning that we would do well to heed. would be as lengthy and distinguished TECTION ACT OF 1975 Manufacturers of fluorocarbons have as are his military citations and recom­ claimed that solid scientific evidence of mendations. In a successful effort to the aforementioned hazards h as not create an atmosphere of open dialog be­ HON. THOMAS L. ASHLEY been irrefutably developed. But the tween the civilian and military popula­ OF OHIO doubts are significant enough that I be­ tions Admiral Morrison created a full­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES lieve we should take precautionary time liaison office between the Navy Wednesday, July 9, 1975 measures immediately before we are Department and the Government of confronted with an irreversible problem Guam; through his continuing efforts a Mr. ASHLEY. Mr. Speaker, I am today of great magnitude. The longer we de­ civilian advisory board was farmed, a Introducing the Ozone Protection Act lay, the more fluorocarbons will be re­ beautification program with military par­ of 1975, a bill to require intensive study leased into the ambient air and begin ticipation instituted and regular meet­ of fluorocarbons by Federal agencies and their slow but inevitable progress toward ings with the Governor and Guam to ban the manufacture of aerosol spray the stratosphere. If we prolong action Legislature initiated for coordination and cans within 2 years unless specific evi­ for the indefinite period needed to ad­ effectiveness. dence is discovered that they have no duce :final proof of the impact of fluoro­ While such original and creative steps harmful effect on human health and carbons on health and the environment, are to the administrative credit of the environment. we will have no way to arrest the effects Admiral Morrison, citizens of Guam Fluorocarbon gases are compounds of the billions of pounds of these gases know well that they are founded on his used chiefly in refrigeration, air condi­ that will have been used in the interim. personal awareness of and sensitivity to tioning, and as propellants in aerosol I believe, Mr. Speaker, that in dealing the needs and pulse of the local com­ sprays. Current world production is esti­ with a problem with so m any unpredict­ munity. And it is this sensitivity and mated to be over 1. 7 billion pounds a able factors-but with potentially lethal human concern that has endeared the year, of which half are made and used and life-altering impact-it is sound Admiral to a people who have seen so in the United States. In 1973 about 3 public policy to err on the side of cau­ many admirals come and go that they billion aerosol units were sold 1n this tion. There is no overriding public in­ are no longer unduly impressed by the country, mostly as hair sprays, deodor­ terest involved in the continued indis­ gold braid. It is Admiral Morrison's ants, and similar personal cosmetic criminate production of fluorocarbons. friendship and sincere desire to work items. Rather our :first priority must be the with the people of Guam which have The problem with fluorocarbons is that protection of human life and support­ made him such a favorite and enabled his they have been found to remain chemi­ ing ecosystems. If these compounds are last tour of duty to be such an outstand­ cally inert in the lower atmosphere and eventually found to have little or no de­ ing success. eventually make their way into the structive effect on the ozone layer, their A crowning glory to his illustrious Jtratosphere where it appears they are manufacture and use can go on as at career came the past 3 months when he contributing to the breakdown of the present. assumed overall command of Operation ozone layer. It is this layer which screens The legislation I am introducing today New Life, the care and resettlement of out harmful ultraviolet radiation from will require the National Academy of over 70,000 Vietnamese refugees on the sun, radiation which has been linked Sciences, NASA, and the Environmental Guam. It comes as no surprise to us that by scientific tests to skin cancer in human Protection Agency to study the impact great humanitarian effort was the beings and animals. Though definitive of fluorocarbons on the atmosphere and admiral's :finest hour simply because it proof as to the extent of the hazard report back to Congress within 1 year. called for the human traits and qualities posed by fluorocarbons is not presently The bill also bans the manufacture and which he so deeply possesses. available, last month the Interagency sale of aerosol spray containers using the The Territory of Guam has said its Task Force on Inadvertent Modification suspect fluorocarbons within 2 years farewell to Admiral Morrison; we have of the Stratosphere reported after a 4- unless scientific proof is found that their wished him fair wind and smooth sailing. month study that there is "legitimate continued use will have no adverse ef­ Perhaps our feelings are best expressed in cause for concern" over the release of fects on human life. a recent editorial by Mr. Tom Brislin in fluorocarbons into the atmosphere. The reasonable restrictions in this the Pacific Dateline, June 24, 1975, and When fluorocarbon compounds reach measure should enable us to get a more which I insert in the RECORD £ 0 that my the stratosphere, they are decomposed definitive grasp of the dimensions of this colleagues may know the Guamanian by ultraviolet radiation and release free problem before the massive use of non­ peoples' respect and admiration for this chlorine atoms which decrease concen­ essential gases causes catastrophic dam­ naval officer. trations of ozone by a chemical chain re­ age to the protective capacity of the A MAN To BE MISSED action. The task force repo:-t ooncluded ozone layer of the stratosphere. I urge (By Tom Brislin ) that as much as 2 percent of the ozone early consideration of this bill on behalf The tributes will soon begin to pour in. As shield has been broken down by inter­ of the health and well-being of future they do, I'd like to add my four-cents worth action with fluorocarbons, and that generations who will have to live with (inflation, you know). A week from tomorrow eventually as much as 7 percent of this the results of our irresponsibility if we will end the tenure on the island for G. Steve protective layer could be destroyed if fail to act now. Morrison, who will remove the rather cum­ fluorocarbons continue to be used at bersome label of ComNavMarianas from his present levels. title and substitute instead RADM(Ret.). If Admirals come and go on this island, are the ozone shield continues to de­ well thought of and received while here, and teriorate, Mr. Speaker, there are many A MAN TO BE MISSED then generally forgotten after they leave. possible hazards besides an increase in unless they're the Nimitz type. Admiral Mor­ the incidence of skin cancer. Yields of rison may well fit into that category. agricultural products may be reduced, HON. ANTONIO BORJA WON PAT The problems that Morrison has faced, plant and animal species may show OF GUAM and the accomplishments made during his changes in growth characteristics, there extended term here, could well be the subject will be disturbances in aquatic and ter­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of a text devoted to recent history. Wednesday, July 9, 1975 Morrison certainly had his military prob­ restrial ecosystems, certain agricultural lems to deal with-the massive evacuation chemicals may lose their effectiveness Mr. WON PAT. Mr. Speaker, on July 2, of Indochinese refugees, their care and proc­ and stability, and unpredictable changes 1975, Rear Adm. George Stephen essing here; the cluttering of the harbor by may occur in worldwide wind patterns, Morrison retired from the U.S. Navy. For the sunken Caribia. However, what Morrison temperature, and precipitation. Addi­ the past 3 ¥2 years Admiral Morrison's will be most remembered, and admired for, tional postulations-with little evidence official title has been Commander, Naval are the inroads made into the strengthening to support them at this time-of the Forces Marianas, Guam. But to the of military-community relationships. effect of increased ultraviolet radiation citizens of Guam, accustomed to military Morrison was the overseer of the erosion, on human beings include early skin slowly but surely, of much of the traditional governors from 1898 to 1948, the admiral animosity and distrust between military and aging, increased incidence of eye dam­ has been more than a commander of the civilian leaders. The mark of his performance age, and excessive synthesis of vitamin U.S. Navy; he has been a friend to Guam. is Sella Bay, an issue that could have closed D in the skin. A listing of Admiral Morrison's con­ the fence gates that separate the communi­ Mr. Speaker, the !MOS report sounds tributions to the civilian community ties for many years to come. He rode the July 9, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 21.963 issue out with skillful negotiations and great several myths which have been advanced AN ACCURATE CONGRESSIONAL amounts of patience to reach what looks to by opponents of this legislation. RECORD be the most equitable settlement. One is that this legislation will create Morrison has begun what hopefully w111 be a continuing trend-the opening up of "mil­ another onerous and superfluous regula­ itary" property, notably recreation areas, for tory agency. This argument preys upon HON. WILLIAM A. STEIGER "civilian" use. the well-justified fears of many citizens OF WISCONSIN He also instituted a community orientation and Members of this Congress that we TN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES program for military personnel stationed presently have too much regulation by here, something that was long-needed, and the Federal Government in the economic Wednesday, July 9, 1975 apparently quite successful. sphere. But even a cursory reading of this Mr. STEIGER of Wisconsin. Mr. The crowning glory for Morrison will be bill clearly establishes that the Agency Operation New Life, an operation that began Speaker, for the benefit of our colleagues with the end of a military conflict, and ex­ for Consumer Protection is not actually considering House Resolutions 568, 569, tended into the reaches of the first American another regulatory body. In fact, it has and 570, mandating a more verbatim ac­ community that the refugees experienced. no regulatory powers at all. Its sole func­ count of floor proceedings in the CON­ Perhaps Morrison succeeded so well i~ Op­ tion is to assure representation of con­ GRESSIONAL RECORD , I am introducing into eration New Life because, although massive, sumer interests in judicial and adminis­ the RECORD pertinent comments made by it was defined in human terms. It was an trative proceedings. Unlike a regulatory well-known authorities on Congress. opportunity to reach out, to help, to cooper­ body, the Agency for Consumer Protec­ In Charles Clapp's classic, "The Con­ ate, to smooth the flow between military and tion has no power to hold hearings, to in­ civilian. gressman, His Work as He Sees It"- It was what Morrison was best at, and it vestigate, to issue rules and regulations, 1964, there is a discussion of the RECORD will be for what we will remember him best. or to impose sanctions for the violations which includes the views of some 36 con­ of statutes and regulations. By any sense gressional participan~ in the Brookings of the term, the ACP is clearly intended Institution round table conference on to be a nonregulatory agency with repre­ Congress. Relevant excerpts of Clapp's sentational functions only. Even in rep­ book follow: CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT: THE resenting these consumer interests before TOP CONSUMER PRIORITY FOR THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD judicial and administrative bodies, ACP The Congressional Record 1s an important THE 94TH CONGRESS is required to proceed, as any other party element in the legislative process. The con­ must, under and consistent with the rules gressman uses it to build a record, and, hope­ and procedures of the particular body fully, a favorable image and to strengthen HON. JAMES V. STANTON before which it seeks to appear. his position With selected individuals or groups. From it he gains ideas for legislation OF OHIO A second myth which I would like to take a moment to explore is the asser­ and for political survival. Further, its "Daily IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tion by some opponents of this bill that Digest" section provides him With a capsule Wednesday, July 9, 1975 record of current activities in Congress, en­ this legislation somehow creates a special abling him to become aware of matters tha.t Mr. JAMES v. STANTON. Mr. Speaker, labor exemption. This argument is in­ might otherwise escape his attention. Citizens the Government Operations Subcom­ tended to confuse those who as a matter examine the Record as one means by which mittee on Legislation and National Se­ of principle oppose special exemptions to gain understanding of Congress. curity is once again embarking upon a in legislation. • • well-traveled road in our consideration The truth of the matter, however, is The major portion of the Oc:mgressional of H.R. 7575, the Consumer Protection that section 18 of this bill, the "special Record constitutes a record of debates on Act of 1975. This piece of legislation has exemption" section to which critics refer, the floor of the House and Senate, although is actually a codification and reaffirma­ it is by no means a true one, a fact of which now been before the Congress for some many of its readers are not a.ware. Nor is it 5 years. During the 93d Congress, nearly tion of the law as it presently exists. For intended to be. Rather it is "substantially 300 Members of this House voted in fa­ 40 years, Congress has maintained a a verbatim" reproduction of proceedings. vor of the establishment of a Consumer policy, affirmed by the courts, of re:(using This ca.uses concern to some congressmen Protection Agency. At that time, we were to permit Federal agencies to become in­ who believe it should be a verbatim report thwarted in enacting this legislation by volved substantively in private labor­ except for allowances for minor grammatical a small group of Senators who invoked management negotiations. The job of the revision. Complained one representative: National Labor Relations Board is to "You have a record it is impossible to inter­ a filibuster to prevent Senate passage of pret on its face." Speeches never delivered this bill, apparently believing that con­ oversee and referee the process of collec­ in the Congress appear as though they had, sumer's interests were adequately repre­ tive bargaining, leaving the results of indeed, been made there, and often there is sented within the labyrinths of our ad­ the contest to the bargaining strengths no way to discover the truth of the matter. ministrative agencies. Now that the Sen­ of the parties. The NLRB does not have Other speeches have been substantially re­ ate has managed to approve this legisla­ authority to influence the outcome of the written, the rule that only minor changes tion, we are told that President Ford process. The National Mediation and are to be made is occasionally flagrantly ig­ Conciliation Service, the second labor­ nored. The inclusion of clever afterthoughts intends to veto it. I suspect that Mr. Ford may sharpen the force of a member's argu - hopes that this "warning" will somehow related body before which the ACP is ment, disguising his weak floor presentation deter us from consideration of H.R. 7575. forbidden to appear under section 18, and causing him to appear victor rather than But Mr. Speaker, as you yourself know, is merely a service organization. It was vanquished in debate. Members have even the refusal of one branch of our Govern­ created to offer its services and expertise been known to reverse their positions in re­ ment to respond to the clear sentiments to parties in labor disputes. It has no vising copy. Deletions and additions may af­ of a majority of Americans on this issue, regulatory powers and cannot impose its fect the relevance and meaning of the re­ will upon the parties to a dispute. marks of other members participating in a is no reason for this body to emulate the colloquy. Some congressmen have protested negativism at the other end of Pennsyl­ In short, Mr. Speaker, this legislation, that their statements have been rendered vania Avenue. As you yourself have de­ despite the efforts of its critics to con­ meaningless by the alterations made in the monstrated in your leadership on this fuse the public, is really very simple and presentations of those with whom they were legislation, Mr. Speaker, we, as the yet fundamentally important. It estab­ jousting. Occasionally, according to House elected representatives of the American lishes a Government agency to assure members, legislators hopelessly routed in de­ people, have a responsibility to act in a the fair and adequate representation of bate will delay returning their revised re­ marks beyond the deadline for submission, responsive manner on the needs of the consumers before other governmental so that they will appear in the appendix, American consumer. bodies. Our hope is that, given the addi­ rather than in the body of the Record In my brief comments, Mr. Speaker, I tional information provided by ACP, our adjacent to those of colleagues who have do not intend to set forth a justification judicial and regulatory bodies can more bested them. for the establishment of this agency. This capably resolve issues touching upon the Criticisms made in the heat of debate often are removed in the written record, but im­ has been documented by the many wit­ interests of the buying public. For too plied criticisms of colleagues never uttered nesses we have heard and in the state­ long our national policy has been "let on the floor may also appear in the written ments of other members of this commit­ the buyer beware." I say it is time to record within the context of remarks deliv­ tee and this House. Rather, Mr. Speaker, make the companies beware-in cases ered. Protested one irritated member: I wish to take a few minutes to explore where they are not being fair. In a controversy with the Air Force, I 21004 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 9, 1975 provoked an official of the Department of deliver statements and everybody would this be designated as a statement in ex­ Defense to make a bitter attack on me. Later want to make sure his name was not applied tension. a colleague of m ine made a speech on a bill to a mere extension. The work of the House Yes, but it isn't as if it is possible to record under consideration. His remarks contained would become very cumbersome. That is why the legislative history of a b111. The facts that no reference to the controversy between me the system has never been changed in the make the House vote as it does or the real and that official. But when the Congre.ssional House-to conserve time. meaning of what the House does and wants Record appeared the next day, his speech As a reflection of round table opinion with isn't going to be shown by the debate. repeated the personal attack the official had respect to curtailment of practices currently Perhaps the rules of judicial construction made. My colleague never made the st ate­ followed in "revise and extend" remarks con­ of legislative acts are not the best rules that ment on the fioor. sider the following discussion: could be devised, but we know what the rules Revise and Extend. The source of much of Is there a consensus that one flaw in the are. The rules are that committee hearings the dlffculty ls the practice of securing per­ system has been exposed in that you have in and reports, conference reports, and the floor mission to "revise and extend" remarks. Al­ a sense a false record, that without going so debate are considered by the court, both in though the occasional excesses are not con­ far as to be restrictive some way could be federal ~nd state courts. As long as that is so, doned-they are in fact widely admitted and found for the record to be more accurate so we kid the court when we make matter ap­ regretted though no concerted effort has been a person could interpret it better? [The an­ pear as if it were legislative debate when it is made to eliminate them-the right to "ex­ swer was "no.") not. tend" ls regarded as all but indispensable by This should be said for maintaining the If the record is distorted by something put most congressmen, and any attempt to elim­ present system. Although it ls not the ac­ in to appear as though it were said when in inate it would be firmly resisted. Justifica­ curate record we wish, it ls a. deliberate rec­ fact it wasn't, those who disagree with the tion of the practice generally rests on two ord. It ls the way the members want the distortion have recourse in the days that fol­ grounds: (1) it helps to conserve precious record to read. In that sense, the sober second low. They can point out the true situation. House time; and (2) it permits members to thoughts of people-the thoughts they have Developing the legislative history of a bill correct any grammatical errors and to modify had a chance to refiect upon-may be more is a matter with which relatively few mem­ impolitic statements made in the stress o. accurate. bers concern themselves, but it ls an impor­ debate. A third factor, which is sometimes This is a record of something, there is no tant part of the legislative process, and advanced, ls that it provides one more means doubt, but of what it is a record there is some canny representatives alert to the possibili­ by which constituents can gain insight into question. ties can do much to infiuence the practical the thinking of their representatives. It ls the record of the way each member effect of legislation. In connection with non­ Without the opportunity to "clean up" the wished himself to be recorded. I have found controversial bllls, it often happens that Record, said one congressman, "it would be the right to revise and extend in general de­ fioor managers wlll speak only briefiy to the really sad reading the next day . . . the best bate to be an invaluable aid .... Each of us House but extend their remarks in the Rec­ comic book you ever saw." Said another: "It owes it to the dignity of the House to make ord to refiect more fully the position and couldn't be used in an English composition his expressions as good as he possibly can thinking of the committee majority and to class." for posterity. complete the legislative history. Minority Much legislation ls noncontroversial, in­ Perhaps the most serious indictment of representatives may do the same thing. Ma­ volving no important issue that needs to be present procedures rests on the charge that jor legislation is more likely to involve the resolved. Yet because of the appeal of some they could result in the marshaling of a false development of congressional intent right on such measures in their constituencies mem­ legislative history, a criticism often heard. the tloor. Sometimes legislators will deliber­ bers may wish to be "on the record" with In attempting to ascertain the true intent of ately set out to make legislative history by respect to them. Especially where roll-call Congress with respect to legislation, the asking questions of the fl.oar managers to en­ votes are not taken, insertions become a con­ courts examine the floor debates as set forth sure that certain points are clear. There is venient way of expressing an opinion with­ in the Congressional Record as well as com­ the danger, of course, that the procedure will out subjecting colleagues to the unhappy mittee reports. Said one representative: not always result in the accurate refiection prospect of listening to testimonial after I recall writing a paper, when I was in law of committee intent, as one veteran legislator testimonial on subjects about which they are school, on some legal matter which involved observes: all agreed. If a roll call occurs, members may the interpretation of an act of Congress. I Making a legislative record by putting wish to provide an explanation of their vote researched the Congressional Record to see questions to a person handling a bill is a or to demonstrate their special interest in what congressmen had said in order to get rather frequent occurrence. I have often the legislation, which, because of limited an interpretation of how the law should be thought that the chairman presumes what debate time they cannot accomplish by di­ construed. I considered that an important power he has in answering the questions ad­ rect participation in the discussion. element of my case. I would have reservations dressed to him, in that he is supposed to be On that crazy--- bill, one of the tough­ now as to the authority of statements re­ speaking for the entire committee. I have est of the year, we had twenty minutes of ported in the Congressional Record as a sound disagreed with my chairman when he has debate on each side. Because of the brief interpretation of what Congress intended. said "'the committee feels so and so" in time allotted, no one but the authors had A Republican expressed his position much connection with an important point. Yet the much chance to say anything. One of the more sharply: only course is to rise and say, "I, for one, authors assured me he would get permission Phony legislative histories are written all don't agree with my chairman in this inter­ for every member to revise and extend his the time. Extension in the body of the Record pretation," and only rarely will anyone get remarks so I prepared a brief statement and appears as if the words had been spoken. up and do that. That is the way legislative inserted it, so the Record would show what Therefore the court or whoever is undertak­ history is made in an interchange t>e ~ ween I would have said if I had been given time ing to interpret the legislative history might the chairman and his questioner. to say it. Congressmen also may wish to reasonably assume that the words lnfiuenced The Appendix. The appendix functions as infiuence readers of the Record, including the debate and hence were part of the legisla­ a depository for materials that are not di­ members of the "other body," though their tive history. These words might push the rectly relevant to House or Senate proceed­ meeting of the statute one way or the other, own view has not prevailed in the House. If ings but which members of Congress want the contribution has no apparent effect on yet they had no infiuence whatever on debate placed in the Record.t These include edi­ the current controversy, it may help prepare or vote. Nobody even saw them until the torials, reports, speeches, poems, essays, let­ the way for victory in the future. morning afterwards when they appeared in ters, recipes, and testimonials. Some legis­ Those congressmen who have major objec­ the Record. I have observed much skuldug­ lators insert their own newsletters, voting tions to existing extension of remarks pro­ gery and the fraudulent making of legislative records, and the results of questionnaires cedures generally do not suggest the practice history by this means. Someone ought to sent from their offices to constituents. In be discontinued, but they are included to look into this matter closely. recent years, legislators have begun to over­ press for a distinction in the Record between Although the congressman persisted in his come their reluctance to insert their own statements delivered on the fioor of the House contention that the failure t-0 distinguish speeches given outside the Congress; for­ and those inserted to appear as though they between delivered and undelivered remarks merly the speeches were nearly always placed had been given there. On this question, it is often sabotaged the possibility of providing in the Record by friendly colleagues, perhaps interesting to note, the Brookings Demo­ a proper legislative history, the majority of at the request of the member making the his colleagues were not moved. An excerpt speech. cratic round table divided nine-to-five in from the discussion reflects his inability to While most of the items In the appendix favor of the present practice: no distinction. convince his colleagues of the logic of his presumably have been submitted because of Commented one practical legislator who pref­ position: their purported general interest or educa­ aced his remarks by urging rules to prevent I agree that one ought to tidy up his tional value, many of them are, in fact, pa­ "situat ions where people make speeches on grammar and improve his rhetoric. And I rochial In nature. Periodic attempts are one side of a question and when their re­ agree that a member ought to have the right, made to exert more control over the nature marks are printed are on the other side": even though he didn't speak on the floor, to of the materials incorporated in the ap­ Yet suggestions that we change the system insert into the record a statement disclosing pendix and to establish limits on the amount with regard to extension and do like the his stand on an issue. What I object to is that an individual legislator can insert in any Senate does-if you don't actually deliver the m!ttter appears in the record as if it had been one session. One congressman has estimated speech it appears in different type-while spoken. That has the effect of constituting correct in theory are not practical. It would legislative history, but in fact it isn't proper 1 It should be noted that much extraneous be hard to avoid the time-consuming situa­ legislative history because it is boot-strap. matter finds its way into the body as well as tion which would. occur if everybody had to lifting put in the day after. I suggest that the appendix of the Record. July 9, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 21965' that 5 percent of the membership of the men, the organization saved an additional garian Reformed Church of America House use 80 percent of the space. And in a $300,000 in postage. passed a resolution in this regard. The House speech in 1962, he estimated that the Far more common is the technique used by present bishop of the church is a man of volume of material inserted by some mem­ one practical congressman to consolidate outstanding intellect and character and bers cost more to print than their annual support for him within various organizations salary of $22,500. There is general recognition in his district: a close personal friend of mine, as he had that much of the matter is "very frivolous You can put something in the Record that been, until recently, the pastor of Magyar and of no real moment," but there is little you plan to reprint and send back to specific Reformed Church of Perth Amboy, N.J., disposition to be restrictive. One restriction groups. During the campaign I had written in my district. Bishop Desmond Abra­ provides that any insertion exceeding two a letter to all the REA people in my district-­ ham's signature under the resolution pages in length must be accompanied by a some 3,000 of them-saying that I would be lends complete credence to the allega­ statement from the public printer estimating for REA. It was a hot issue in my area. When tions. its cost; as a deterrent this requirement is the REA bill came before the House I put a conceded to be a failure. statement in the Record, reprinted it, and The other signer is the bishop emer­ Most of the items appearing in the ap­ sent it out to the same 3,000 people. This is itus of the church, another oldtime friend pendix have in the first instance caught the standard operating procedure from what I of mine, the Right Reverend Zoltan Beky, eye of a member of Congress or his staff, but have seen. It is a cheap way to campaign. D.D., who is at the present serving as the some have been forwarded to the legislator A substantial part of the material in the national president of the American Hun­ by a constituent or friend with the request appendix is aimed directly at those who read garian Federation, the national organi­ or suggestion that they be inserted. These the Record--colleagues, opinion leaders, stu­ zation of American Hungarian churches, communications sometimes pose problems dents, and scholars-and is of high quality, for the member, especially if the materials attempting to influence them by bringing to fraternal associations and societies since a.re of dubious merit. Constituent initiative their attention interesting and thoughtful 1907, and as president of the Hungarian usually reflects genuine interest in the out­ materials which support the position of the Reformed Federation of America, a f ra­ come of the request; a congressman who person submitting them. Congressional col­ ternal insurance company. Bishop Beky's declines to cooperate may find he has created leagues are the main target Of these efforts. work on behalf of the American Hun­ an enemy. That some representatives hesitate That congressmen do read the Record is evi­ garian community and also in the World to return material is evident by this com­ dent by the frequency with which they refer Alliance of Reformed Churches and the ment: in conversation to provocative articles that In the past ten days I have had three have appeared there, and by their ab111ty to World Council of Churches has provided letters asking me to put things in the Record cite examples of materials they feel should him with a national and international which are extraneous to the business of the not have been inserted. One legislator who reputation in church circles, and his sig­ House. I took them home and worried about makes frequent use of the Record in an ef­ nature under the resolution will necessi­ the problem for two or three days. Finally fort to reach his associates had this to say: tate serious discussion of the charges by I wrote each of the persons involved a letter There are several reasons for insertions in national and international church bodies. saying I had a rule against putting extra­ the appendix. (1) You can satisfy constituent Bishop Beky is planning to carry the neous matter in the Record and didn't want requests that way. (2) You may have a spe­ resolution in person to Geneva to the to break it. I may have three enemies or cial interest group you want to reach to in­ three constituents who think I am a screw­ dicate your support of something which is General Secretary of both international ball. of concern to them. (3) You may be inclined church bodies mentioned above. Legislators reluctant to insert materials to use it to lobby your colleagues, because a I include in the RECORD the text of the may point out to constituents that printing lot of them do read the Record. I have dis­ resolution of the Hungarian Reformed costs are $90.00 a page and that they do not covered that when little things I have put in Church in America: want to add to the taxpayer's burden by sub­ happened to strike someone's fancy he men­ RESOLUTION mitting material not directly relevant to tions it to me. It is an easy way to reach mem­ matters before Congress. But it is sometimes bers and less direct than sending them a The Commissioners of the General Assem­ easier to ignore one's doubts and insert the letter. When we feel keenly about things, we bly of the Hungarian Reformed Church of material; constituents whose material has write our colleagues directly, but often you America were shocked to receive informa­ been returned may follow closely the inser­ don't want to make that much of the matter. tion about a new wave of persecution of Hun­ tion policies of their representative, seeking It should not be forgotten either that the garians in Transylvania by the Romanian inconsistencies and heckling him with any­ Congressional Record, including the appen­ Government, especially the 1.2 million mem­ thing they discover. The dilemma is com­ dix, forms a rich resource in connection with bers of the Hungarian Reformed Church. pounded, too, by colleagues who seem to ex­ research for speeches and campaign state­ The General Assembly therefore requests ercise no discretion in what they place in the ments. Many a congressional staff, required to that the World Alliance of Reformed Record. prepare effective speeches on a wide range of Churches, the President and the Secretary of The political advantages of adroit use of subjects with very short notice, have been State and the Congress of the United States the appendix are apparent to most members, able to do so only because the Record is read­ should immediately undertake steps aiming just as they use extension procedures to ad­ ily available and indexed. at stopping this new wave of oppression vantage in connection with the body of the and investigate the facts. We have news of Record. Only rarely, as in the instance cited medieval-type methods used and also of the below, will a congressman err in anticipating confiscation of historical church archives favorable reaction from those whose material and records by the Romanian Government. he places in the Record. The intention is to eradicate the historical CHURCH BODY CONDEMNS traces of the presence of Hungarians and Most of the appendix materials are inserted OPPRESSION IN ROMANIA by congressmen hoping for political gain. Protestantism in Transylvania, amounting to Some folks are sincere and believe the sub­ cultural genocide. ject matter is worth printing and that their colleagues and public should read it. But HON. EDWARD J. PATTEN much is political, trying to flatter newspaper OF NEW JERSEY editors, or something like that. A colleague IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES from my state had an interesting experience ARGUMENTS AGAINST BINARY in that connection. He inserted an editorial Wednesday, July 9, 1975 NERVE GASES from the largest paper in his district pref­ acing it with a few remarks and sent it back Mr. PATTEN. Mr. Speaker, the cause 'to the paper. He expected gratitude, but the of human rights and religious freedom HON. LES ASPIN paper wrote a heck of a good editorial against are close to the hearts of all Americans, especially in this Bicentennial period, for OF WI3 CONSI~ the practice, saying they wished congressmen IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES wouldn't print any of their stuff, that tax­ our forebears have taken to arms to payers' money shouldn't be spent on it. realize their human rights and religious Wednesday, July 9, 1975 Reprints of materials printed in the ap­ freedoms. Mr. ASPIN. Mr. Speaker, the Depart­ pendix are a means of subsidizing propa­ Today, many churches in the world are ment of Defense has renewed its request ganda.. They are obtainable at low cost, en­ still deprived of their rights and the for funds to build a facility to produce couraging congressmen to use them for cam­ faithful are suffering various degrees of a new generation of nerve gas weapons paign or public relations purposes. In persecution. One of these countries is called binaries. These weapons would addition, legislators may strengthen their Romania, where especially the minority position with interest groups by inserting contain two nontoxic chemicals which certain materials and making them available churches, Protestant Reformed, Roman become a deadly combination when to the groups at cost. One private group is Catholic, and Unitarian, are special tar­ mixed together. Last year Congress said to have obtained ten million pieces in gets for oppression. wisely voted to delete money for pro­ thiS way. By distributing them to the general On June 1-3, 1975, the Bishop's Coun­ duction of binary munitions; it should public under the frank of friendly congress- cil and the General Assembly of the Hun- do so again. 21966 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 9, 1975 One of the most convincing collection resolution of the Legislature vf the State might pass along increases in the basic Fed­ of arguments against development of of New York. This resolution calls for a eral SS! grant voted and funded by the Con­ binary nerve gases has emerged from a remedy to the existing deficiencies in the gress-increases which SS! recipients in those states without optional supplementation pro­ meeting of distinguished biological Federal supplemental security income grams are now benefiting from; scientists in Atlantic City on April 16 program. The Congress has failed to provide federal of this year. Based on extensive discus­ The problems with SSI are well known. funding for emergency needs of the SS! pop­ sion at the meeting, the scientist's com­ But they have to be acted upon to pro­ ulation--emergencies such as eviction, utility mittee on chemical and biological war­ vide adequate funding to the aged, blind, disconnection, loss of household goods due fare has issued a statement opposing the and disabled. One of the more distressing to fire or flood and loss or theft of checks Defense Department request. Three aspects of the program is that it fails to and cash; provide adequate provisions for emer­ The Congress has failed to provide the members of the committee, Robert Rut­ means by which states providing the cash man of the University of Pennsylvania, gency assistance. value in lieu of food stamps could increase J. B. Neilands of the University of Cali­ Those SSI recipients who also receive the ca.sh-out payment in the event the bonus fornia, and Philip Siekevitz of Rocke­ social security have been denied cost-of­ value of food stamps is raised nationally; feller University were primarily respon­ living increases. With the recent 8 per­ The Congress has failed to create new defi­ sible for the statement. cent increase in social security benefits, nitions of disability for adults and children It reads as follows: SSI recipients saw their checks decrease under the SSI program which would recog­ by the same amount of their social secu­ nize the significant differences in needs and STATEMENT abiUties of this population in comparison As scientists a.ware of the technical and rity increase. with those served by Social Security insur­ political aspects of chemical warfare, we be­ The New York State Legislature recog­ ance programs; lieve that present Department of Defense nizes its responsibility to New York SSI The Congress has failed to make special initiatives in binary nerve gases a.re an recipients and has asked us to respond. provision for SS! beneficiaries in need of ominous threat to efforts to abolish chemi­ Accordingly I draw the attention of my minimal supportive care and services either cal warfare. Our conclusions are based on colleagues to its resolution. The resolu­ in non-medical congregate living facilities the following considerations: tion is attached. or in their own homes; now, therefore, be it (1) The U.S. has been called upon to con­ [New York State Legislature] Resolved, That the Congress of the United sider a disarmament treaty which would States be and hereby is respectfully memo­ destroy existing CW stockpiles and ban CW RESOLUTION rialized to remedy these deficiencies so that research and development. Approval of the Joint resolution of the Legislature of the the full promise of the Federal Supplemental DOD binary nerve ga.s program can only State of New York memorializing the Con­ Security Income program will be realized for provide responses from other nations which gress of the United States to remedy the both the SSI beneficiaries and taxpayers of will make negotiations more difficult if not existing deficiencies in the Federal Supple­ New York state; and be it further impossible. mental Security Income program. Resolved, That copi.es of this resolution (2) Once DOD development and produc­ Whereas, The United States Congress acted suitably engrossed be transmitted to the tion of binary nerve gases has begun, a to create a single, national supplemental Se­ President of the Senate of the United States, vested military interest in a new form of curity Income program to replace more than the Speaker of the House of Representatives, weaponry will have been created which will eleven hundred fifty state and local programs and. to each member of the Congress of the a.ct as a brake on disarmament efforts. of welfare for the aged, blind and disabled, United States from the state of New York. (3) Wherea.s the technology of existing effective January 1, 1974; and agents (GB, VX) ls relatively complicated Wherea.s, The Congress so acted with the and expensive, binary weapons a.re simple express purpose of creating a minimum in­ and economical and could be produced by come program under which those too old and 'any country with a munitions industry. infirm to support themselves might live in CRIME AND LAW ENFORCEMENT Proliferation of these agents will greatly in­ dignity, free of dependency on the welfare crease the technical proolems connected with system; and disarmament. Whereas, The wisdom of the Congress in so HON. LEE H. HAMILTON (4) To bring binary weapons to a mili­ acting has been demonstrated in that nearly OF INDIANA tarily advanced state, open air testing will one hundred fifty thousand aged and dis­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES be essential, and it is logical to expect that abled New York State citizens who might this dangerous activity will be projected by never have applied for "welfare" status have Wednesday, July 9, 1975 DOD. now been accepted into the SS! program; and Mr. HAMILTON. Mr. Speaker, under (5) DOD has already ma.de clear its inten­ Whereas, The Congress, recognizing that leave to extend my remarks in the REC­ tion to develop binary nerve gases as pa.rt of the basic Federal SS! grant would be in­ ORD, I include my Washington Report multipurpose munitions suitable for overseas sufficient to meet the needs of many aged, deployment. Such a move is bound to disturb blind or disabled persons, encouraged the entitled "Crime and Law Enforcement": NATO relations and create great distrust in states to provide supplemental payments by CRIME AND LAW ENFORCEMENT Warsaw Pa.ct members, slowing progress to­ permitting states to do so and yet be forever In spite of the billions of dollars which wards demilitarization of Europe. "held harmless" at 1972 state and local costs have been funneled into it, the war on crime (6) Nerve gases, of which the U.S. presently for aid to the aged, blind and disabled re­ has not worked well, and its central lesson possesses stockpiles sufficient to kill every gardless of how the SS! caseload might grow is that we really don't understand crime or human on earth, like other war ga.ses, are of after January 1, 1974; and how to deal with it. limited tactical value but are dreadful Whereas, The Congress also encouraged the Last year crime registered the largest jump threats to unprotected civilian populations. "cashing out" of the food stamp program in serious offenses since the FBI began col­ Commitment to these weapons, with their for the SSI population by permitting the lecting nationwide crime data in 1930. In genocidal aspects, removes U.S. policy further states to include the ca.sh value of food stamp 1974 the crime rate increased by 15 % in from the humane objectives and the spirit of supplemental payments subject to the "hold clties with populations over 25,000, by 20 % detent~. harmless" limitation on state and local costs; in suburban areas, and by 21 % in rural In view of all these reasons, we regard the and areas. Violent crime rose by 11 % la.st year, program for binary nerve gas weaponry as a Whereas, The state of New York, on behalf and crimes against property rose at an even distinct backward step which negates the of its two hundred seventy thousand AABD faster rate, with larcency up 20 % and bur­ spirit, if not the letter, of Congressional ac­ beneficiaries, actively supported the creation glary up 17 % . The actual increases are prob­ tion in adopting the Geneva Protocol on of the SSI program, chose to supplement the ably even greater because many crimes are CBW. We urge Congress to delete these DOD basic Federal SSI grants, and elected to cash­ never reported. An unprecedented 70% of items and bar further development of these out the food stamp program for the SSI popu­ Americans feel that crime has increased in weapons." lation, with the latter decision grounded in their home area. the assumption that it was far better social There has been a steady rise in crime since policy to provide ten dollars monthly to all 1960 which was interrupted only in 1972 NEW YORK STATE LEGISLATURE SS! recipients rather than provide.the equiva­ with a temporary 3 % downturn. Between JOINT RESOLUTION ON SSI lent amount in food stamps to the less than 1960 and 1973 the number of serious crimes half of the SS! population who would actual­ increased by 158 % , and the total cost of ly use them; and crime in the U.S. each year is estimated to be HON. THOMAS J. DOWNEY Whereas, The Congress has failed to act nearly $90 billion, about $420 for every man. OF NEW YORK on a number of critical issues which, if not woman, and child. One study concluded that remedied, threaten to undermine the promise an urban American boy is more likely to die IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of the SSI program for New York's aged, blind by murder than an American soldier was to Wednesday, July 9, 1975 and disabled citizens, to wit: die in combat in World War II. The Congress has failed to modify the hold In recent message on crime to the Con­ Mr. DOWNEY of New York. Mr. harmless mecha.nism so that the state of gress, President Ford was realistic about the Speaker,,.. I submit for the RECORD a joint New York and a number of other states limited role that the federal government can July 9, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 21967 play in fighting crime, which is largely under extended period of time toward a criminal pose solutions to those problems in the form state and local jurisdiction. He did propose justice system that is fa.st, firm, and fair. of Social Security reforms that can be im­ mandatory minimum jail terms for those plemented through modifications to existing convicted of specified crimes and for repeat laws. offenders, compensation for the victims of The future of this massive system is in federal crimes for physical injuries, tighter RESTRUCTURING OF THE SOCIAL jeopardy for the following reasons: gun control laws (without registration of SECURITY SYSTEM -unlike private insurance benefits, social firearms or licensing of gun owners) and a security levels are determined politically­ ban on "Saturday night special" handguns. by vote of Congress. As a result benefits have He recommended extending the Law En­ been increased over and over again without forcement Assistance Administration, created HON. ROBERT H. MICHEL regard to future ability to fund those bene­ in 1967 to develop new approaches to the OF ILLINOIS fits. problems of crime, through 1981 with a $50 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES --Social Security taxes hit the middle and million increase in spending over the present low income workers hardest. Rapidly rising $1.25 billion LEAA budget for crime reduc­ Wednesday, July 9, 1975 tax rates are meeting increased resistance tion programs in big city areas. Since its Mr. MICHEL. Mr. Speaker, we are from young workers, who see no hope of re­ beginning the LEAA has channelled some looking straight into the face of a crisis ceiving in retirement as much as they have $4.3 billion to state and local governments in the Social Security System. been forced to put into the system. mainly for improving police equipment The genesis of the crisis may be found The Social Security Trust Fund, once in­ which, critics point out, has not reduced tended to grow until the benefit obligations crime. The crime rate has risen undauntedly in two separate and very different trends, were fully funded, has, in the face of increas­ since the LEAA was created, and since then which when combined mean that a dras­ ing benefits, rapidly dwindled to a cash-flow combined federal, state, and local spending tic change in our social security policies account and, at the current rate of spending to combat crime has grown from $4.5 to $14.5 is not only needed, but inevitable. and income, will run out of money in 1980 billion a year with little positive impact. The first trend is political in nature; or soon afterward. The police have made improvements in politicians, faced with the necessity to Recent economic analysis shows that the stopping crime, yet the realization has grown appeal to a powerful block of voters in Social Security System has had the effect that there is a limit to what they can do to of reducing total private savings-and hence control it on their own. The number of police the retired and soon-to-be retired cate­ investment in the American economy-by officers nationwide has increased from 339,- gories, have found a continual expansion about 38% . The choices, then, for meeting 000 in 1967 to approximately one-half mil­ of benefits from the program to be politi­ the coming crisis in Social Security, short of lion, and police forces have adopted new cally irresistible. Thus, since 1949, the fundamental reform of the system, are: techniques and have improved their train­ first year in which social security bene­ Increase the payroll tax rate and earning ing and education levels. They are, neverthe­ fits were paid, benefits have increased limit to raise the money to meet the obliga­ less, .frustrated by a criminal justice system 640 percent--over 2 % times the increase tions. which deals ineffectively with the criminals in the Consumer Price Index for the same Abandon the already debilitated notion of they arrest. social insurance, pour billions of general The criminal justice system has become period. Thus, through the political proc­ revenue dollars into Social Security and make slow, overburdened, and is not doing its job ess, the concept of social security has it an outright welfare system. of convicting and punishing those who break changed from the original modest "pro­ Cut back on expected benefits. the law by providing swift and sure justice. vision of a floor" idea--to a massive sys­ None of these choices, or possible com­ As a result, too many criminals feel that the tem that is neither insurance, nor a pen­ binations of them, are appealing ones; and, odds are in their favor and that crime does sion plan, nor welfare. of course, none of them deals with the capital indeed pay. Only one-fifth of all serious But whatever it is, it is costly. Social investment drain caused by the system as it crimes are cleared by arrests, and of the 5 % security taxes have gone up even more stands. which lead to convictions, a decreasing pro­ The proposal here advanced operates on portion of the convicted are sent to prison. dramatically than benefits; the maxi­ the same basic premise as the present Social Ninety percent of the nation's serious crimes mum combined employer-employee year­ Security System: that it is in the public are cleared by plea bargaining by which the ly social security tax is 2, 4 74 percent of interest to compel individuals to provide defendant is allowed to plead guilty to lesser what it was in 1947-seven times the for their retirement years. Unlike the present offenses and reduced sentences. growth in median family and individual Social Security System, however, the proposal Repeat offenders commit almost two-thirds annual income. Most Americans today abolishes payroll tax financing; ensures that of all crime in this country. Over a third of pay more in social security taxes than contributors will enjoy a predictable benefit all people awaiting trial are arrested for a level at retirement, that will always meet second offense while out on bail, and many they do in income taxes. and usually exceed cost-of-living increases; defendants already have a number of charges The only option is a massive reform of creates an option for participants to invest in against them when they are arrested. Career the system, one which would change dra­ supervised individual retirement plans; re­ criminals employ legal delaying tactics and, matically its foundation and its premises. duces the serious impact of Social Security on by making use of their anonymity in the I believe that an extremely valuable private capital investment; and more equi­ criminal justice system, successfully post­ proposal in that regard has just been of­ tably assigns the financial burden for the pone or minimize their prison sentences. fered in a paper entitled "Retirement present system that has already been · Although no breakthroughs are likely, a Security Reform" by Charles D. Hobbs incurred. number of steps can be taken to bring down The first step would be to end Social spiraling crime rates. The criminal justice - and Stephen L. Powlesland. Security F.I.C.A. payroll tax deductions and system from the criminal code to prisoner The proposal does not deal with the employer contributions for all workers. The release must be improved. The repeat of­ ancillary benefits now administered employer contributions, which are presently fender must be taken off the street, and all through the Social Security System, such counted as a labor cost by employers would criminals should face the likelihood of swift as medicare and life and disability in­ be passed on to each employee as an across­ punishment for the crimes they commit. We surance, but there is no reason to believe the-board annual pay increase of 5.85% of must also pay greater attention to the vic­ that adequate proposals for meeting the each employee's first $14,100 (if the proposal tims of crime and less attention to those objectives of these programs cannot be were enacted in 1975). The employee would committing crimes for which there are no also retain the 5.85 % which he has previously victims. Handguns must be taken out of the implemented at the same time. withheld as an F.I.C.A. payroll deduction. hands of criminals, and our prisons should The bonded retirement security pro­ Thus the initial increase in take-home pay be changed from universities of crime into posal is one of the most exciting new for each employee earning gross wages of institutions offering rehabilitation to prison­ ideas of the year. It has received the $14,100 or more, (if the proposal were en­ ers who genuinely need and want it and con­ backing of a number of distinguished acted in 1975) would be $1 ,649.70, minus the finement for hardened criminals. Innovative economists, and deserves the careful at­ small increase in personal income tax on the approaches of citizen participation and co­ tention of this body. In order that my 5.85 % pay increase resulting from the shift operation with local police have been fruit­ of employers' contributions. ful and should be expanded. More judges colleagues might have a chance to review The second step would be to require that will help, as will uniform and certain sen­ it, I would ask that excerpts of the each employed person over the age of 25 tences and selective and flexible rehablllta­ Hobbs-Powlesland proposal be printed contribute each year either 10 % of his gross tion procedures. here in the RECORD. earned income or $2,500, whichever is less, Finally, all of us, weary as we may be from RETIREMENT SECURITY REFORM to a recognized individual or group pension failed solutions and overblown rhetoric about The purpose of this paper is to examine the program, or, in lieu of participation in such law and order, must be unwilling to accept genesis and implications of the problems of a. plan, purchase an equivalent amount in a the crime rate and must work to understand the Social Security System that are rapidly revised version of U.S. Retirement Bonds. the causes and the cures for crime and be reaching crisis proportions-the excessive First of all, any worker would purchase an­ prepared to support changes in our own growth of Social Security taxes and the un­ nually tax-deductible bonds worth, at time <:ommunities, step by painful step, over an fairness of its benefit structure-and pro- of purchase, up to $2,500 or 10% of his 21968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 9, 1975 earned income, which ever is less. Second, vate industry, thus mitigating if not elimi­ Whereas Mrs. Greaux has over the years the value of the bonds would grow until nating the serious negative effects on private gained general recognition as one of the maturity at an annual rate of the highest investment inherent in the present system. most talented, accomplished and dedicated of three indicators-the interest rate on U.S. By linking the value of U.S. Retirement members of her profession in the Virgin Is­ Treasury Bonds, the growth rate of the Gross Bonds to three economic indices, the pro­ lands, being the first person in the Vir­ National Product, or the growth rate of the posal guarantees that retirement benefits gin Islands to earn the coverted rating o! National Consumer Price Index. Upon matur­ wlll correspond to the economic conditions Certified Professional Secretary from the In­ ity, which would be at age 65 or older at when retirement occurs. Finally, the pro­ stitute for Certifying Secretaries, a Division which the participant declares himself or posal would for the first time make clear of the National Secretaries Association· and herself retired, the bonds would provide a the true amounts and incidence of the costs Whereas it is the sense of the Legislature guaranteed annuity income for life based involved in a national retirement security that the dedication and accomplishments of upon the accumulated value of the bonds program. Mrs. Greaux in her chosen profession should and actuarially determined average life ex­ The proposal meets the coming fiscal crisis; not go unrecognized: Now, Therefore, be it pectancies. During retirement the income does not disrupt or diminish the benefits Resolved by the Legislature of the Virgin would be adjusted annually to grow, as the and investments of present Social Security Islands: value of bonds did prior to maturity, at the beneficiaries and participants; and provides SECTION 1. That Mrs. Lillian R. Greaux, highest of the three previously mentioned for a wider range of individual choice than Certified Professional Secretary, is hereby indicators, and would be provided for the the present Social Security System. It is cited, honored and congratulated for her con­ rest of the participant's life no matter how presented here as one way to make the vitally siderable accomplishments in a distinguished long he or she lived. Prior to maturity, the needed changes in the present approach to and dedicated public service career as a pri­ value of the bonds could be transmitted retirement programs and the Social Security vate secretary to three (3) Virgin Islands through inheritance upon the participant's System. Governors, a career spanning more than fif­ death. teen ( 15) years and covering a period in The third step would be to establish, under Virgin Islands history during which great the regulatory and insuring authority of the strides were taken toward the achievement recently-created Federal Pension Benefit MRS. LILLIAN R. GREAUX AND MR. of greater self government for this Territory. Guaranty Corporation, a new and closely RAYMOND PLASKETI', TWO DEDI­ SEC. 2. That a perma plaque copy of this regulated series of privately-managed and CATED CIVIL SERVANTS Resolution shall be prepared and presented to federally insured pension programs in which Mrs. Lillian R. Greaux by the President o! holders of U.S . Retirement Bonds would the Legislature or his designee at an appro­ invest, at any time prior to retirement and HON. RON DE LUGO priate ceremony held for that purpose. at each holder's option, any or all of their OF THE vmGIN ISLANDS Thus passed by the Legislature of the Vir­ U.S. Retirement Bonds. The transferability gin Islands on June 26, 1975. of the bonds into private pension programs IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES would allow a bond holder to choose between Wednesday, July 9, 1975 RESOLUTION No. 756 a guaranteed basic retirement income and the possibility of a higher income realized Mr. DE LUGO. Mr. Speaker, I would To honor Raymond Plaskett, a chauffeur o! through the private programs. like to take this opportunity to recog­ Governors, on the occasion of his retire­ The fourth step would be to provide each nize and commend two ou~tanding civil ment after nearly four decades of govern­ worker currently covered by Social Security servants who have distinguished them­ ment service with the new version of the U.S. Retirement selves in long and productive careers for Whereas Raymond Plaskett was born on Bonds in an amount equal in retirement the Virgin Islands. Mrs. Lillian R. August 4, 1917, in Frederiksted, St. Croix, to annuity value to what he or she could ex­ Greaux, private secretary for three Vir­ Mr. and Mrs. Reginald Plaskett; and pect to receive upon retirement under cur­ Whereas Mr. Plaskett received his educa­ rent Social Security law. This step will pro­ gin Islands Governors and Mr. Raymond tion at St. Patrick's School in Frederiksted, tect the investment and benefits of current Plaskett, Governor chauffeur and aide but moved to the Island of St. Thomas in participants in and beneficiaries of Social for nearly four decades, have unselfish­ 1934; and Security, and at the same time will clarify ly dedicated their working careers to the Whereas Mr. Plaskett embarked upon a the annual amount of the national debt Government of the Virgin Islands. long, colorful and extraordinary career as a accumulated to date by the Social Security At this time, I would like to share government chauffeur, a career which was to System. with my colleagues the following reso­ span nearly four ( 4) decades, when he was The fifth step would be to pay the debt appointed chauffeur to the Commissioner of identified in step 4, first by proceeds from lutions as passed by the 11th Legislature Public Works in 1936; and the sale of U.S. Retirement Bonds and, sec­ of the Virgin Islands, honoring these Whereas Mr. Plaskett first became a Gov­ ond, by increasing personal income and other outstanding citizens: ernor's chauffeur in 1950 when he was ap­ taxes to meet the remainder of the payment RESOLUTION No. 755 pointed part time chauffeur to then Gover· requirements. To honor Mrs. Llllian R. Greaux (nee Can­ nor Morris F. De Castro; and The final step, which must overlap all the ton) for her long, able, and dedicated Whereas Mr. Plaskett subsequently served others, is an educational program to inform service as private secretary to three Vir­ as chauffeur to the Honorable Governors the people of the true condition of Social gin Island Governors Archibald Alexander, John D. Merwin, Ralph Security, the benefits to be gained from the M. Paiewonsky, Melvin H. Evans, and Cyril purchase of U.S. Retirement Bonds, the op­ Whereas Mrs. Lillian R. Greaux (nee Can­ E. King; and tions, opportunities, and the risks of in­ ton) was born on the Island of St. Thomas Whereas in 1962 Mr. Plaskett was ap­ vestment in the private programs, and the on November 4, 1927, the daughter of Mr. pointed to the position of aide to Governor responsibilities and benefits associated with and Mrs. Francisco Canton; and Ralph M. Paiewonsky, in which capacity he self-determination of a retirement program. Whereas Mrs. Greaux is a product of the was responsible for receiving dignitaries from In summary, a restructuring along the Virgin Islands public school system, and Washington, D.C. and elsewhere, a position lines proposed here seems essential if con­ graduated from Charlotte Amalie High he also held during the tenure of Governor fidence in the Social Security System is to School in June of 1945; and Melvin H. Evans; and be preserved. The proposal would absolutely Whereas shortly after high school gradua­ Whereas Mr. Plaskett carried out his duties guarantee the retirement security expecta­ tion Mrs. Greaux joined the staff of the Office over the years with a competence, warmth tions of all those now in the Social Security of the Government Secretary, where, with and congeniality which has won him the System as contributors and beneficiaries. Re­ the exception of a three year reassignment lasting respect, admiration and friendship of tirement benefits would be directly and pre­ to the Office of the Commissioner of Fi­ all he has served and otherwise come into dictably linked to an individual's lifetime nance, she served with distinction and was contact with over the years; and contributions. Politically induced uncer­ rewarded by an appointment as private sec­ Whereas Mr. Plaskett retired from Govern­ tainty and fiscal irresponsib111ty would be retary to the Honorable John D. Merwin ment service in January, 1975; and eliminated. Many of the troublesome prob­ when he accepted the position of Govern­ Whereas for those Virgin Islanders who lems in the present system, such as prefer­ ment Secretary in 1958; and have become accustomed to Mr. Plaskett's ential treatment for retirees with depend­ Whereas Mrs. Greaux commenced a secre­ pleasant smile and friendly greeting, the ents and benefit reductions for retirees who tarial career at Government House which sight of the Governor's limousine will some­ continue to work, would disappear. was to span a period of more than fourteen how never be the same; and (14) years when she was appointed private The proposal would eliminate the regres­ Whereas lt ls the sense of the Legislature secretary to the Honorable John D. Merwin that Mr. Plaskett's lengthy and rewarding sive and increasingly burdensome payroll upon his appointment as Governor of the tax on employer and employee. More pro­ public service career should be properly Virgin Islands in April, 1959; and memorialized through the medium of this gressive broad-based taxes would be used to Whereas Mrs. Greaux served as private discharge the residual obligations of the Resolution; Now, Therefore, be lt secretary not only to Governor Merwin but Resolved by the Legislature of the Virgin present system over a period of seventy years. also in that capacity for the Honorable Gov­ Islands: By creating numerous investment account ernors Ralph M. Palewonsky and Melvin H. SECTION 1. That Mr. Raymond Plaskett is options, the proposal would open the door Evans, and terminated her service at Gov­ hereby commended, honored and congrat­ to increased investment in productive pri- ernment House in January of 1975; and ulated on the occasion of his retirement July 9, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 21969 from a career in Government Service span­ The text of Mr. Heller's remarks ing, it should not rise to plague us in the ning nearly 40 years, a career which has been follow: mid-seventies. indelibly marked by the garcious warmth, In short, ignore the facts th.at inflation is You WON'T HAVE UNCLE SAM To KICK clearly waning and that the fragile flower of kindness and easy friendliness of this true AROUND ANYMORE Virgin Islander. economic rebound in the second half of 1975 SEc. 2. That a perma plaque copy of this (By Walter W. Heller) has to be cultivated, nurtured, and fertilized Resolution be prepared and presented to Mr. MINNEAPOLIS-The fear of inflation is still lest it wilt or die in 1976. Raymond Plaskett by the President of the so dominant in Washington today that it It would be at least reassuring if one could Legislature or his designee at an appropriate is evidently destroying policymakers' faith in believe that the White House and Federal ceremony held for that purpose. the recuperative powers of the American Reserve were working toward a conservative Thus passed by the Legislature of the economy and blinding their sensitivity to but defensible goal like trading off fiscal Virgin Islands in June 26, 1975. the growing plight of the unemployed. restraint for an expansionary monetary pol­ Transfixed by this fear, the White House icy, i.e., pursuing a policy of expansion that and the Federal Reserve authorities are would tilt the economy toward the easier greeting the early signs of modest recovery money, lower interest rates, and lubricated capital markets needed to help revive hous­ YOU WILL NOT HAVE UNCLE SAM from this deepest of all postwar recessions as if prosperity were just around the corner. ing and ease our longer-term capital and TO KICK AROUND ANYMORE the hellfires of a new infia.tion were about capacity pinches. No such thing. It's a policy to engulf us, and let the devil take the hind­ of cry havoc on inflation and go slow on ex­ most, the jobless. pansion of any kind. HON. MICHAEL HARRINGTON If that somewhat inflamed statement of What, then, should be done? OF MASSACHUSETTS the case is not to be inferred from the words First, Mr. Burns and the Fed should firmly IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and actions of the Administration and the pledge to hold interest rates at or below pres­ Federal Reserve, how are we to interpret the ent levels for the next six to nine months. Wednesday, July 9, 1975 following actions and statements? That will still leave plenlty of time to put Mr. HARRINGTON. Mr. Speaker, Item: President Ford justified his veto of on the monetary brakes before a new infla­ the emergency jobs bill last month in good tion threatens us. predictably, the economic recovery poli­ Congress should speedily re-enact the $12 cies embraced by the Ford administra­ part on grounds that economic recovery would be well along by the end of 1975 and to $13 billion of the 1975 tax reduction that tion and embodied in the recently much of the bill's impact would not be felt is not of a one-shot nature and quickly ap­ adopted budget resolution have failed until 1976. Yet, the White House itself ex­ prove an expanded public service jobs pro­ to put a dent in the chronically high un­ pects unemployment to average just under gram and new antirecession grants to hard­ employment rate. As the Congressional 8 per cent in 1976-higher than the worst pressed cities and states, programs that Budget Office recently stated, "the econ­ unemployment levels in any of the five pre­ would self-destruct as unemployment drops vious postwar recessions. to tolerable levels. omy is in the throes of the worst eco­ Third, President Ford should declare his nomic recession since World War II." Item: In his midyear budget review, the President nonetheless projects a dead stop firm faith in the U.S. economy's capacity for The outlook for the future is equally to the tax cut at the end of this year and long and sustained expansion and his deter­ grim. The Congressional Budget Office clips $9 billion off of the already-modest mination to put recovery in high gear. He forecasts that unemployment, which is expenditure total approved under the new should promptly assure the country that he currently at a level of "well over 10 per­ Congressional budget procedures. He would will not let oil-price increases refuel infla­ thereby turn budget stimulus into budget tion and retard recovery. cent," will remain in the 9 to 10 per­ After a year of robust recovery at, say, an cent range through 1975, and drop only restriction. Item: On Meet The Press on May 25, 8 per cent clip under these policies, what by 1 percent by the end of 1976. will the policymakers see? Despite this dismal forecast, the ad­ Arthur Burns, chairman of the Federal Re­ serve, suggested that "the thing to do ow Unemployment still well over 7 per cent. ministration, and to a degree the Con­ is to sit back for a little while.... " Sub­ Excess capacity galore-perhaps one-quar­ gress as well, has chosen to pursue a sequently, James Lynn, the budget director, ter of our manufacturing capacity lying idle policy designed to slow rather than instead of today's one-third. and William Simon, Secretary of the Treas­ Inflation still subsiding or at least in stimulate economic recovery. The Presi­ ury, added their voices to this litany of little check. dent has set a spending ceiling which faith. Budget deficits falling and interest rates prohibits a reduction in unemployment In other words, ignore the abysmal level remaining at moderate levels. or an increase in economic growth. Every of the economy, and look only at its up71ard Then, in good season, they can take an­ economic recovery program passed by direction-lean against the oh-so-gentle other look and see whether the fear of in­ zephyrs of recovery as 1f they were harbingers flation justifies braking the recovery. But to Congress which exceeds this arbitrarily of hot new blasts of inflation. drawn spending limit is vetoed. retard the spark of recovery at its first gleam­ Ignore the 8 per cent in real G .N .P. from ing, as we are now doing, is an exercise in the The President has attempted to jus­ its late-1973 peak (twice as big a drop as in . economics of fear, an act of little faith and tify these votes by claiming that stimu­ any previous postwar recession) and the 6 less compassion. lative programs would rekindle inflation. per cent growth of our productive potential Nothing could be further from the truth. in the meanwhile. That is, ignore the forces that have opened up a yawning chasm of According to many leading bankers, $200 billion a year between what the U.S. economists, and most recently the Con­ economy is producing and what it could be THE SACRED COW gressional Budget Office, recovery pro­ producing. grams such as the emergency jobs bill Ignore the Administration's own projec­ and the Emergency Housing Act would tion of an anemic 6 per cent of G.N.P. re­ HON.ROBERT W. EDGAR have no inflationary impact whatsoever. covery-versus 8.5 per cent in 1954-55; 9 per OF PENNSYLVANIA cent in 1958-59, and 7.5 per cent in 1960- In fact, they are all in agreement that, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES while both a higher deficit level and an 61-and complacently settle for the weakest of recoveries from our deepest of recessions. Wednesday, July 9, 1975 increase in the money supply are needed, Ignore the nearly ten-million job-seeking neither would result in higher inflation. and discouraged workers. Mr. EDGAR. Mr. Speaker, the Surface They caution, however, that, if we waited Ignore the clear evidence that inflation ls Transportation Subcommittee began too long to institute such a policy, un­ abating: hearings today on what may be the be­ employment would continue to skyrocket Excess demand has long since been replaced ginning of a historic reawakening of our to a point where even this approach by excess supply-far too few dollars are national priorities with regard to trans­ would be doomed to failure. chasing too many goods. portation policy. The culmination of It has become abundantly clear that a In short, ignore the facts that inflation ls these hearings should be legislation less than expected and is about to abate as series of immediate steps must be taken productivity jumps and average wage in­ which will undoubtedly reflect creative to put the economy back on even keel. creases slow down in the face of woefully solutions by the Congress that will bet­ Some suggestions were recently offered weak labor markets. ter balance our transportation system. by Walter Heller, former Chairman of External-shock infiation-the food and oil Since the inception of the highway the Council of Economic Advisers, in price explosions and dollar devaluations that trust fund in 1956, the concrete clover­ an article which appeared in the New accounted for some 60 per cent of the mon­ leaf has been our national flower, and York Times on June 30. I strongly rec­ strous 1973-74 infiation-is subsiding. Ex­ public mass transportation has received ommend his thoughtful remarks to my cept for the game of oil price leapfrog that the care and affection which is reserved colleagues. the President and the Shah of Iran are play- for a sentimental weed like the dande- EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 9, 1975 lion, admired from afar but pruned as a transportation planning for the entire coun­ not convinced that it has proven its effi­ nuisance try. we have forgotten that we do, after all, ciency with the money it has been given live in a federal system and that authority to date, although I am aware of the con­ This week, President Ford ~nnoun?ed should be dispersed. There can be no d~s­ the administration's perspective, a view persal of authority without substantial dis­ siderable increase in litigation cases it which has been constructively J:?Odern­ persal of funds. It is overdue. has engaged itself in this year, and sec­ ized from past offerings and merits care­ ond, I have not been shown, to my satis­ ful study. I commend the President for faction, that the Division has the capa­ his leadership in this vital area, and I bility to use these extra funds to their trust that we of the Congress will be fine­ ON THE AMENDMENTS OF THE FIS­ best and most productive advantage. tuning proposals advanced by both ~he CAL YEAR 1976 APPROPRIATIONS Regardless of our interest and concern administration and other sourc~s dur~g FOR STATE, JUSTICE, COMMERCE, as a Congress in insuring the adequate these hearings, and report a bill which AND THE JUDICIARY AND RE­ machinery to protect the consumer and will be for the people. . . LATED AGENCIES the free enterprise system against I wish to insert at this pomt an edito­ monopolies, pouring money into the Di­ rial which appeared yesterday in ~e vision, or any area of government or Washington Star in response to Presi­ HON. JOSEPH D. EARLY business for that matter, is hardly th~ dent Ford's program: OF MASSACHUSETTS answer. The most efficient use of the MILK FROM A SACRED Cow IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES funds and machinery available is the President Ford has taken on a formidable Wednesday, July 9, 1975 answer. Increases in annual appropria­ task in asking Congress to cut back the lav­ tions must be justified. I do not believe ish care and feeding of that sacred cow, the Mr. EARLY. Mr. Speaker, three very an increase of $26.2 million for Antitrust federal Highway Trust Fund. important amendments were proposed was justified. It was not to my satisfac­ He calls it "a classic example of a federal during the floor debate on the State, tion. program that has expanded over the ~e_ars Justice, Commerce and Judiciary Appro­ The most important thing we must into areas of state and local responsibillty, priations bill for fiscal year 1976, two of distorting the priorities of those govern­ learn in this Congress is that money is which were adopted to the bill, and all of not a panacea. It does not automatically ments." which I voted against, namely, the That is classic understatement. Noth­ follow that increasing appropriations amendment to increase the funding level will mean increasing capabilities or ef­ ing-not even the coming of the railroads for the Antitrust Division of the Justice more than a century ago--has so re~ade ficiency. Before I give away tax dollars, American geography as the interstate high­ Department, the amendment to increase I believe it is my obligation to my con­ way system, of which the trust fund was the appropriation for the addition of stituents to be convinced that they-as su pposed to be a financial appendage. Few 1,750 law enforcement officers to appre­ taxpayers-will get a return on their foresaw at its beginning in the Eisenhower hend illegal aliens and the amendment to money. years that the financial appendage financed prohibit the use of funds to negotiate the by a 4 cent per gallon federal gas tax, would surrender or relinquishment of any U.S. I could not vote for the Heinz amend­ t ake on a life of its own. ment because I was not convinced that Indeed the business can be explained only rights in the Panama Canal Zone. In the Antitrust Division could give them as a budgetary variation on those tedious light of the House's action, and my per­ that return. I am still not convinced. I genealogies of the Old Testament: The inter­ sonal convictions in these matters, I feel would like to be, and I hope that time state system begat more automobiles, which it is necessary for me to detail my objec­ proves me wrong. But, I doubt that I will begat more gas tax revenues, which begat an tions to these amendments so that there ever be able to support an amendment ever-swelling trust fund, which begat ~ore can be no question as to why I voted as of this nature because I have learned highways, which begat more automobiles, I did. which begat more gas taxes. And the beget­ from experience that unjustifiable gov­ ting goes on unchecked. In this way, what First the amendment offered by Mr. ernment spending is most often wasted was originally thought of as a plan to under­ HEINZ to increase the appropriation level spending. Certainly, my colleagues must write the system became an inducement to proposed by the Subcommittee for the agree that it is precisely that-wasted spend more and more money on highways, Justice Department's Antitrust Division spending-by past Congresses that has simply because the money was there. by $26.2 million, adopted to the bill: It contributed so greatly to our current The impoverishment and decline of public seemed clear to me during the hearings economic situation. transportation, especially in the cities, may in the subcommittee, and in further dis­ The amendment offered by Mr. BIAGGI not be the direct result of the bias of the cussion in markup that an increase of Highway Trust Fund. But this great conce~­ to increase, by $45 million, the appropri­ tration of funds and planning authority in this nature, above those funds requested ation level for the Immigration and Washington contributed to the awful imbal­ by the Department and OMB, was inap­ Naturalization Service, again falls into ance typically reflected in this city, with its propriate and excessive. The facts are the category of spending for spending's insane glut of rush-hour automobile traffic these: The Antitrust Division had funds sake. I cannot quarrel with the theory and its underfinanced and unconscionably in the original subcommittee bill for its that additional law enforcement officers delayed Metro system. current staff of 663, plus moneys for 52 Mr. Ford's proposal ls to transfer half the in the Service would increase its ability slots currently vacant but authorized, to operate more effectively. The subcom­ present gas tax from the Highway Trust plus additional moneys for 33 slots above Fund to the General Fund, there to be sub­ mittee did increase the appropriation for ject to normal competition for all purposes­ the authorized number of 715 personnel. new employees by 750. There are cur­ including, one would hope,_ mass transit. One The floor amendment that is now a part rently 285 unfilled positions in the Serv­ of the two remaining penmes would be avail­ of the bill provides an additional $26.2 ice. Surely, 1,035 additional personnel is able to states that raised their own gas million for additional personnel and sal­ an adequate increase for the next taxes by a penny, the other left to finish the ary increases. I will be interested to see months. interstate system. States would be "encour­ what the Antitrust Division requests in aged " but not compelled, to use this extra I am pleased that the House voted to the Department's supplemental. uphold the subcommittee's recommenda­ pen:dy of revenue for transportation of their It appears to me, Mr. Speaker, that we own choosing. tions in this case. There have been occasional attempts in have misplaced our good intentions, and, Lastly, Mr. Speaker, the amendment congress in recent years to lay rude hands perhaps more important, our prior~ties, prohibiting the use of any funds to ne­ on the sacred cow; but all that has been by adopting this amendment. There IS no gotiate the surrender or relinquishment forthcoming is an occasional drop or two for question that the Congress must, and to of any U.S. rights in the Panama Canal mass transit from one of the hinder teats. my way of telling, it always has given the Zone, is, in my view, an improper one. In the light of this history, President Antitrust Division its full support. The I am vehemently opposed to our re­ Ford's attempt to seize the beast more or State, Justice, Commerce, and Judiciary less whole seems problematical. Already, the linquishment of control in the Canal Subcommittee has consistently given the Zone. I believe we have a genuine and highway lobbyists are in full cry; and indeed Justice Department everything it has one does not expect their captive congress­ crucial interest in maintaining our posi­ men to yield eagerly. But President Ford's asked for for the Division. That is not the tion in Panama--both with respect to case seems to us unassailable in principle. problem here. The problem is that, re­ our economic investment and our inter­ Like all inattentive centralizations of govern­ gardless of our interest in providing the national relations. However, I do not be- ment funds and functions, the federal high­ Division with all the "muscle" it needs to lieve that the Congress should so limit way program has for years pre-exempted operate at top efficiency, I am first of all the President's power to negotiate as to July 10, 1975 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 219fH' rob him of the legitimate courses made have so much influence in the HUD and How did it happen? At the root of this na­ tional calamity are three main elements: possible to his Office by the Constitut~on. FHA that it has become impossible to act good intentions, hastily-drawn laws, and Nor do I believe that it is appropriate against even the most unscrupulous com­ near-total failure to remedy or even recog­ or judicial for the Congress to legislate panies. The Tribune's chief investigative nize errors in carrying out the intent. in an appropriation bill on an area of reporter, George Bliss, and reporter HUD was created under President Johnson great controversy, when, to my way of Chuck Neubauer, examined thousands of in 1965 to promote "sound development of thinking, the House has not heard a~e­ documents never before made public in the nation's communities and metropolitan quate debate or given adequate consid­ their exhaustive review of the low-cost areas." It consolidated most existing housing eration to this matter. insured mortgage program for low- and agencies, including FHA, with the goal of Before any agreement is reached re­ moderate-income families. "achieving maximum coordination" within In its lead editorial today, the Tribune government, and between government and garding the Canal Zone, the Senate must private lending institutions. Its powers were ratify and the House act thereupon, such observed: vastly broadened by the Great Society hous­ an agreement. That safeguard is quite ... it took only four years of the Federally ing programs that followed: rent supple­ clear in the Constitution. There are other insured mortgage program to reduce a neat, ments, model cities, and-most sweeping of means and certainly more customary middle-class neighborhood into a shattered, all-the National Housing Act of 1968. This means' of voicing the House's position decaying slum. And the same dismal history 17 -title package provided everything from with r~gard to Panama. I objected to this is being enacted in communities across the home loans for the elderly to riot insurance, amendment because I believe it unduly nation. No natural disaster on record has and included the mortgage insurance pro­ caused destruction on the scale of the gov­ gram involved in the Chicago scandal; yet it limits the Office of the President and be­ ernment's housing programs. was passed with very little resistance from cause I see it as an inappropriate amend­ Republicans who had fought Mr. Johnson's ment with questionable parliamentary Although the Senate will look into the previous housing programs. (One reason was roots. . Tribune's charges, one wonders whether that G.O.P. lawmakers had made a tactical I voted for passage of the fiscal year this waste and fraud, if subsequently blunder: They had hooted down an admin­ 1976 appropriations for State, Justice, confirmed, would have continued but for istration bill for rat control, and were be­ Commerce and the Judiciary and related the Tribune's investigation. This is again ing bitterly criticized for insensitivity about agencies because I believe the subcom­ another example of the inadequacy of the needs of the poor.] The bill passed the mittee bill is a product of the most thor­ Congress' oversight review which is its Senate 67 to 4 and the House 294 to 114. responsibility over Federal programs. No The housing bill has proved to be riddled ough investigation, and because, despite with holes, especially iu the area of en­ my objections to these two amendments, wonder some Members of Congress have forcement and disciplinary action. Incred­ I am confident that on the whole its en­ an inbuilt suspicion of vast, finely titled ibly, the Washington officials who authorize actment is justified. Federal programs. payments to mortgage companies and real The Chicago Tribune editorial follows: estate firms do not supervise their perform­ THE $4 BILLION HOUSING DISASTER ance; they simply hand out the money for The Tribune's current series on govern­ presumed services, with no knowledge of THE $4 BILLION HOUSING ment and housing presents a nightmarish whether the services have been performed. DISASTER picture: a massive federal bureaucracy that For slick operators, this has been a bot­ uses billions of taxpayers' dollars to enrich tomless bonanza.. They can, and do, sell fed­ swindlers and finance the ruin of urban erally insured housing to poor-risk families HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK neighborhoods. Nightmare or not, that is that cannot afford even these modest terms. Then they foreclose at the first default and OF OHIO what we have in the Department of Housing and Urban Development and its subsidiary get their money back from the government IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES agency, the Federal Housing Administration. immediately, rather than waiting for the Wednesday, July 9, 1975 They have been carrying out their work full term of the loan. Finally, they collect fed­ of destruction very effectively, if uninten­ eral cash for "maintaining" the foreclosed Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, espe­ tionally. After seven months of studying the property while letting it fall into ruin. The cially timely in connection with housing upside-down operations of HUD and FHA, wasteland on South Hoyne Avenue is one Reporters George Bliss and Chuck Neubauer small example of the results. legislation is the current series of arti­ Instead of the decent homes and dignity cles appearing in the Chicago Tribune have summed them up consisely: a $4 bil­ lion disaster. In a "model" block they cited­ envisioned by President Johnson in his hous­ charging that $4 billion have been wasted the 7300 block of South Hoyne Avenue-it ing message of 1968, thelaw has subsidized the by, or defrauded from HUD and FHA took only four years of the federally insured creation of new slums. since the National Housing Act of 1968. mortgage program to reduce a. neat, middle­ Sen. Adlai Stevenson [D., Ill.] has an­ cla.ss neighborhood into a shattered, decay­ nounced that the Senate Banking, Housing, The Tribune investigation, extending and Urban Affair Committee, of which he is over a period of 7 months, claims that ing slum. And the same dismal history is being enacted in communities a.cross the na­ a member, wm hold hearings in Chica.go this HUD and FHA officials in Washington summer into the multibillion-dollar housing tion. No natural disaster on record has ca.us­ racket. We welcome the investigation, and systematically frustrated efforts to stop ed destruction on the scale of this govern­ the waste, and that mortgage companies can promise the senators plenty of material ment's housing programs. to work on.

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES-Thursday, July 10, 1975 The House met at 11 o'clock a.m. Give us such a sense of Your sustaining Without objection, the Journal stands The Very Reverend James G. Bing­ presence that we shall have courage to ham, vicar of St. Mary's Episcopal approved. become servants rather than masters. There was no objection. Church, Morgantown, N.C., offered the Grant us such an awareness of our own following prayer: personal poverty that we will respond to Almighty God, Father of Abraham, the cry for help of the weakest of our MESSAGE FROM THE PRF.SIDENT Isaac, and Jacob, God and Father of our brethren that we hear from anyWhere on A message in writing from the Presi­ Lord Jesus Christ: God's good earth. dent of the United States was communi­ We beseech Your presence among In the name of our blessed Lord Jesus cated to the House by Mr. Heiting, one of these Your humble servants assembled in Christ, we pray. Amen. his secretaries, who also informed the the name of persons whom You have House that on July 8, 1975, the President created and redeemed. THE JOURNAL approved and signed bills of the House Give us grace to see that as we cele­ of the following titles: brate your f es tival of independence we The SPEAKER. The Chair has ex­ H.R. 1387. An act for the relief of Raul must be drawn to view a world in which amined the Journal of the last day's Alvarez Rodriguez; interdependence becomes a reality for all proceedings and announces to the House H.R. 1393. An act for the relief of Jacinta people. his approval thereof. Roque Armstrong-Perez;