DOCSLIB.ORG

Information to Users

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Information to Users INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted.Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. ProQuest Information and Learning 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 800-521-0600 UMI' UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA GRADUATE COLLEGE THE INTERSECTION OF FEMINISM AND INDIANNESS IN THE ACHVISM OF LADONNA HARRIS AND WILMA MANKILLER A Dissertation SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE FACULTY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy By SARAH EPPLER JANDA Norman, Oklahoma 2002 UMI Number: 3059901 UMI UMI Microform 3059901 Copyright 2002 by ProQuest Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition Is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest Information and Learning Company 300 North Zeeb Road P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 c Copyright by SARAH EPPLER JANDA 2002 All Rights Reserved THE INTERSECTION OF FEMINISM AND INDIANNESS IN THE ACTIVISM OF LADONNA HARRIS AND WILMA MANKILLER A Dissertation APPROVED FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY BY — ert L Hurtado RoDertLrGfi^Qld S a I Clara Sue Kidwell Linda Reese Cindy S. Rosenthal Acknowledgments I have been very fortunate as a graduate student at the University of Oklahoma to work with so many talented professors. The chair of my committee, Albert L. Hurtado, brought enthusiasm and insight to my dissertation. I wish to thank the rest of my committee, Robert L. Griswold, Clara Sue Kidwell, Linda Reese, and Cindy S. Rosenthal for their help as well. I would also like to thank the director of Graduate Studies in History, Paul A. Gilje, who in addition to being a wonderful teacher and mentor, is a remarkable advocate of graduate students. His encouragement, advice, and attention to detail have proven invaluable in helping me in my graduate school career. While writing a dissertation is by nature a solitary and nerve racking endeavor, for me the process was made less so by the fnendship and support of my fnends and fellow grad students. Holly Berkley, Heather Clemmer, Linda English, Robyn McMillin, and Jana Vogt. Despite the demands of family and work, they made the time to read my dissertation and offer me feedback and support at the times when I most needed it. I am indebted to them for their close reading of my dissertation, their advice, and most of all, their humor, for it sustained me even in my most frustrated moments. My gratitude also goes to Willy Bauer for reading my dissertation and offering suggestions. Much appreciation goes to the archivists at the Carl Albert Congressional Research Center and the Western History Collection at the University of Oklahoma. Archivists at NABS College in Chicago and the Cherokee National Archives in Tahlequah, Oklahoma were also very helpful. Although the bulk of my research was conducted in archives, I also had the iv opportunity to interview a number of people associated with my topic. I am grateful to everyone whom I interviewed, as their perspectives added a personal component not always found in archives. In particular, I would like to thank LaDonna Harris for her candor and her willingness to talk with me on numerous occasions. Wilma Mankiller also deserves thanks for taking time out of her busy schedule to respond to written questions. While many people have contributed to my dissertation through their advice and editorial suggestions, any mistakes are mine alone. Finally, I would like to say a word about my husband and colleague, Lance Janda. His love, support, and editing were instrumental at every stage of working on my dissertation. He has never hesitated to drop what he was doing to listen to an idea or offer me advice. The role he played in my dissertation looms large, but pales in comparison to his place in my life. And for that, I am deeply thankful. Table of Contents Acknowledgments iv Table of Contents vi Abstract vii Introduction 1 Chapter One: An Introduction to Politics 16 Chapter Two: An Activist in Her Own Right 57 Chapter Three: Politicizing Beloved Woman 92 Chapter Four: Chief Mankiller and Indian Identity 135 Chapter Five: Beyond the Politics of Indianness 169 Chapter Six: The Intersection of Feminism and Indianness 203 Bibliography 226 VI Abstract My work offers a comparative examination of the use of feminism and Indian identity in the careers of LaDonna Harris and Wilma Mankiller. While they took different paths to political activism, Harris as the wife of a United States senator and Mankiller as the first female chief of the Cherokee Nation, they share a number of similarities. A study of these women, who were the two most prominent Native American women in the twentieth century, offers a useful vehicle through which to imderstand larger issues in federal Indian policy, the role of Native American women in politics, and the use of identity politics. Both received recognition as humanitarians and advocates of women’s rights as well. A comparative study of Harris and Mankiller, therefore, has ramifications at a national level and in a wide variety of areas, including civil rights and the envirorunent. The way each came to national prominence, how they projected their images and identities, and how they have been depicted by the media are issues that are explored throughout. The format consists of an introduction followed by two chapters that focus on LaDonna Harris, two chapters that deal with Wilma Mankiller and two in which they are compared as Native American leaders and as women in politics. The introduction sets up the significance of the work and situates it within the existing historiography. Chapter one deals with how LaDonna Harris became involved in politics as a congressional wife, her work with Oklahomans for Indian Opportunity, which she founded in 1965, and the public relationship of her and her husband. Senator Fred Harris. Chapter two examines how she evolved into an activist in her own right, the founding of Americans for Indian vn Opportunity, and how her national reputation took on an identity separate firom that of her husband. Chapter three examines Mankiller’s early life and then moves into an analysis of Mankiller's election to deputy chief of the Cherokee Nation inl983, her ascension to principal chief in 1985 when Chief Ross Swimmer left to work for the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and her election to principal chief in 1987. Allegations of sexism in elections and gender-opposition to her leadership are explored as well. Chapter four deals with Mankiller’s tenure as chief froml985-1995. A discussion of her accomplishments, leadership, and symbolism to Indians and non-Indians during a period of renewed interest in Indianness is discussed. Chapters five and six deal with both Harris and Mankiller. Chapter five examines how each is a product of the shift from termination to self-determination and their roles in federal Indian politics. Their use of community development and their prominence in the national arena is evaluated here as well. Chapter six focuses on their role in politics as women, including the influence of feminism and their shared belief that no sexism existed among Indians prior to contact. This chapter concludes by placing them in the larger context of the changing nature of the role of women in politics. V lll Introduction An American Indian woman is primarily defined by her tribal identity. In her eyes, her destiny is necessarily that o f her people, and her sense of herself as a woman is first aruiforemost prescribed by her tribe. ' -Paula Gunn Allen The formation of identity lies at the very core of human experience. It shapes not only the view of self but the lens through which people view the world around them. Certainly, Allen’s description of identity does not apply to all Native American women. However, for LaDonna Harris and Wilma Mankiller, their sense of being Indian women underpinned their constructions of self, their identity, and the image they projected to the outside world. The activism of each became inextricably linked to their identity as Native American women. Both self-identified feminists, Harris and Mankiller affected national policy as they worked on behalf of Native American and women’s issues throughout the latter decades of the twentieth century. As the wife of United States Senator Fred Harris from Oklahoma, LaDonna Harris became the first congressional wife to testify before Congress, founded Oklahomans for Indian Opportunity(OIO) in 1965 and Americans for Indian Opportunity (AIO) in 1970, and served on scores of federal committees pertaining to both women and Native Americans. Wilma Mankiller became the first female deputy chief of the Cherokee Nation in 1983, the first female principal chief in 1985, and then led her tribe for the next decade. Each altered the place of women in politics, Harris as a congressional 'Paula Gunn Allen, The Sacred Hoop: Recovering the Feminine in American Indian Traditions (Boston: Beacon Press, 1986), p.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • March 30 2018 Seminole Tribune
    BC cattle steer into Brooke Simpson relives time Heritage’s Stubbs sisters the past on “The Voice” win state title COMMUNITY v 7A Arts & Entertainment v 4B SPORTS v 1C Volume XLII • Number 3 March 30, 2018 National Folk Museum 7,000-year-old of Korea researches burial site found Seminole dolls in Manasota Key BY LI COHEN Duggins said. Copy Editor Paul Backhouse, director of the Ah-Tah- Thi-Ki Museum, found out about the site about six months ago. He said that nobody BY LI COHEN About two years ago, a diver looking for Copy Editor expected such historical artifacts to turn up in shark teeth bit off a little more than he could the Gulf of Mexico and he, along with many chew in Manasota Key. About a quarter-mile others, were surprised by the discovery. HOLLYWOOD — An honored Native off the key, local diver Joshua Frank found a “We have not had a situation where American tradition is moving beyond the human jaw. there’s organic material present in underwater horizon of the U.S. On March 14, a team of After eventually realizing that he had context in the Gulf of Mexico,” Backhouse researchers from the National Folk Museum a skeletal centerpiece sitting on his kitchen said. “Having 7,000-year-old organic material of Korea visited the Hollywood Reservation table, Frank notified the Florida Bureau of surviving in salt water is very surprising and to learn about the history and culture Archaeological Research. From analyzing that surprise turned to concern because our surrounding Seminole dolls.
    [Show full text]
  • By Patrick James Barry a Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of The
    CONFIRMATION BIAS: STAGED STORYTELLING IN SUPREME COURT CONFIRMATION HEARINGS by Patrick James Barry A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (English Language and Literature) in the University of Michigan 2015 Doctoral Committee: Professor Enoch Brater, Chair Associate Professor Martha Jones Professor Sidonie Smith Emeritus Professor James Boyd White TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 SITES OF THEATRICALITY 1 CHAPTER 2 SITES OF STORYTELLING 32 CHAPTER 3 THE TAUNTING OF AMERICA: THE SUPREME COURT CONFIRMATION HEARING OF ROBERT BORK 55 CHAPTER 4 POISON IN THE EAR: THE SUPREME COURT CONFIRMATION HEARING OF CLARENCE THOMAS 82 CHAPTER 5 THE WISE LATINA: THE SUPREME COURT CONFIRMATION HEARING OF SONIA SOTOMAYOR 112 CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION: CONFIRMATION CRITIQUE 141 WORK CITED 166 ii CHAPTER 1 SITES OF THEATRICALITY The theater is a place where a nation thinks in public in front of itself. --Martin Esslin, An Anatomy of Drama (1977)1 The Supreme Court confirmation process—once a largely behind-the-scenes affair—has lately moved front-and-center onto the public stage. --Laurence Tribe, Advice and Consent (1992)2 I. In 1975 Milner Ball, then a law professor at the University of Georgia, published an article in the Stanford Law Review called “The Play’s the Thing: An Unscientific Reflection on Trials Under the Rubric of Theater.” In it, Ball argued that by looking at the actions that take place in a courtroom as a “type of theater,” we might better understand the nature of these actions and “thereby make a small contribution to an understanding of the role of law in our society.”3 At the time, Ball’s view that courtroom action had an important “theatrical quality”4 was a minority position, even a 1 Esslin, Martin.
    [Show full text]
  • Truman, Congress and the Struggle for War and Peace In
    TRUMAN, CONGRESS AND THE STRUGGLE FOR WAR AND PEACE IN KOREA A Dissertation by LARRY WAYNE BLOMSTEDT Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY May 2008 Major Subject: History TRUMAN, CONGRESS AND THE STRUGGLE FOR WAR AND PEACE IN KOREA A Dissertation by LARRY WAYNE BLOMSTEDT Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Approved by: Chair of Committee, Terry H. Anderson Committee Members, Jon R. Bond H. W. Brands John H. Lenihan David Vaught Head of Department, Walter L. Buenger May 2008 Major Subject: History iii ABSTRACT Truman, Congress and the Struggle for War and Peace in Korea. (May 2008) Larry Wayne Blomstedt, B.S., Texas State University; M.S., Texas A&M University-Kingsville Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Terry H. Anderson This dissertation analyzes the roles of the Harry Truman administration and Congress in directing American policy regarding the Korean conflict. Using evidence from primary sources such as Truman’s presidential papers, communications of White House staffers, and correspondence from State Department operatives and key congressional figures, this study suggests that the legislative branch had an important role in Korean policy. Congress sometimes affected the war by what it did and, at other times, by what it did not do. Several themes are addressed in this project. One is how Truman and the congressional Democrats failed each other during the war. The president did not dedicate adequate attention to congressional relations early in his term, and was slow to react to charges of corruption within his administration, weakening his party politically.
    [Show full text]
  • Black Women, Educational Philosophies, and Community Service, 1865-1965/ Stephanie Y
    University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Doctoral Dissertations 1896 - February 2014 1-1-2003 Living legacies : Black women, educational philosophies, and community service, 1865-1965/ Stephanie Y. Evans University of Massachusetts Amherst Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations_1 Recommended Citation Evans, Stephanie Y., "Living legacies : Black women, educational philosophies, and community service, 1865-1965/" (2003). Doctoral Dissertations 1896 - February 2014. 915. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations_1/915 This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations 1896 - February 2014 by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. M UMASS. DATE DUE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST LIVING LEGACIES: BLACK WOMEN, EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHIES, AND COMMUNITY SERVICE, 1865-1965 A Dissertation Presented by STEPHANIE YVETTE EVANS Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Massachusetts Amherst in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY May 2003 Afro-American Studies © Copyright by Stephanie Yvette Evans 2003 All Rights Reserved BLACK WOMEN, EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOHIES, AND COMMUNITY SERVICE, 1865-1964 A Dissertation Presented by STEPHANIE YVETTE EVANS Approved as to style and content by: Jo Bracey Jr., Chair William Strickland,
    [Show full text]
  • Protest Law and the Tradition of Chilling Indigenous Free Speech
    American University Washington College of Law Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law Articles in Law Reviews & Journals Student Scholarship 2019 "Enough's Enough": Protest Law and the Tradition of Chilling Indigenous Free Speech Alix H. Bruce Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/stusch_lawrev Part of the Civil Rights and Discrimination Commons, First Amendment Commons, and the Indian and Aboriginal Law Commons “ENOUGH’S ENOUGH”: PROTEST LAW AND THE TRADITION OF CHILLING INDIGENOUS FREE SPEECH Alix Bruce* I. INTRODUCTION……………………………………….55 II. AN OVERVIEW OF FREEDOM OF SPEECH AND FREEDOM OF ASSOCIATION IN THE UNITED STATES…………………………………………….....58 A. Freedom of Speech……………………………….58 B. Freedom of Association……………………….…63 III. CIVIL RIGHTS FOR INDIGENOUS PEOPLE IN THE UNITED STATES………………………………………………66 A. “Kill the Indian, Save the Man”: Indigenous Civil Rights Pre-1924………………………………….66 B. 8 U.S.C. § 1401(a)(2) and the Rise of Red Power…………………………………………….70 C. The First Amendment as Applied to the Indigenous Peoples of the United States……………………......................................73 IV. CURRENT TRENDS…………………………………….74 A. Indigenizing Environmental Justice……………...74 B. Mni Wiconi and Oceti Sakowin: The Timeline of #NoDAPL………………………………………...77 C. Current Laws…………………………………….83 1. Oklahoma………………………………...83 2. North and South Dakota………………….85 3. Louisiana…………………………………88 4. Texas……………………………………..89 5. Federal……………………………………91 V. THE CHILLING OF INDIGENOUS FREE SPEECH BY CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
    [Show full text]
  • C:\94PAP2\PAP APPA Txed01 Psn: Txed01 Appendix a / Administration of William J
    Appendix AÐDigest of Other White House Announcements The following list includes the President's public sched- Indian and Alaska Native Culture and Arts Develop- ule and other items of general interest announced by ment Board of Trustees. the Office of the Press Secretary and not included The President announced his intention to appoint elsewhere in this book. Kit Dobelle as a member of the White House Com- mission on Presidential Scholars. August 1 In the morning, the President traveled to Jersey August 4 City, NJ, where he met with families from the State The President announced his intention to nominate to discuss their problems with the health care system. Herschelle Challenor to the National Security Edu- In the late afternoon, he returned to Washington, cation Board. DC. The President announced his intention to nominate Sheldon C. (Shay) Bilchik as Administrator of the Of- August 2 fice of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention In the evening, the President and Hillary Clinton at the Department of Justice. attended a Democratic National Committee fundraiser at a private residence in Oxon Hill, MD. August 5 The President declared major disasters in Oregon In the afternoon, the President and Hillary and and Washington following severe damage to the ocean Ä Chelsea Clinton went to Camp David, MD. salmon fishing industries caused by the El Nino The President announced his intention to nominate weather pattern and recent drought. Kenneth Spencer Yalowitz as Ambassador to Belarus. The White House announced that the President The President announced his intention to appoint has invited President Leonid Kuchma of Ukraine to Joseph M.
    [Show full text]
  • Selected Highlights of Women's History
    Selected Highlights of Women’s History United States & Connecticut 1773 to 2015 The Permanent Commission on the Status of Women omen have made many contributions, large and Wsmall, to the history of our state and our nation. Although their accomplishments are too often left un- recorded, women deserve to take their rightful place in the annals of achievement in politics, science and inven- Our tion, medicine, the armed forces, the arts, athletics, and h philanthropy. 40t While this is by no means a complete history, this book attempts to remedy the obscurity to which too many Year women have been relegated. It presents highlights of Connecticut women’s achievements since 1773, and in- cludes entries from notable moments in women’s history nationally. With this edition, as the PCSW celebrates the 40th anniversary of its founding in 1973, we invite you to explore the many ways women have shaped, and continue to shape, our state. Edited and designed by Christine Palm, Communications Director This project was originally created under the direction of Barbara Potopowitz with assistance from Christa Allard. It was updated on the following dates by PCSW’s interns: January, 2003 by Melissa Griswold, Salem College February, 2004 by Nicole Graf, University of Connecticut February, 2005 by Sarah Hoyle, Trinity College November, 2005 by Elizabeth Silverio, St. Joseph’s College July, 2006 by Allison Bloom, Vassar College August, 2007 by Michelle Hodge, Smith College January, 2013 by Andrea Sanders, University of Connecticut Information contained in this book was culled from many sources, including (but not limited to): The Connecticut Women’s Hall of Fame, the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Women's History Is Everywhere: 10 Ideas for Celebrating in Communities
    Women’s History is Everywhere: 10 Ideas for Celebrating In Communities A How-To Community Handbook Prepared by The President’s Commission on the Celebration of Women in American History “Just think of the ideas, the inventions, the social movements that have so dramatically altered our society. Now, many of those movements and ideas we can trace to our own founding, our founding documents: the Constitution and the Bill of Rights. And we can then follow those ideas as they move toward Seneca Falls, where 150 years ago, women struggled to articulate what their rights should be. From women’s struggle to gain the right to vote to gaining the access that we needed in the halls of academia, to pursuing the jobs and business opportunities we were qualified for, to competing on the field of sports, we have seen many breathtaking changes. Whether we know the names of the women who have done these acts because they stand in history, or we see them in the television or the newspaper coverage, we know that for everyone whose name we know there are countless women who are engaged every day in the ordinary, but remarkable, acts of citizenship.” —- Hillary Rodham Clinton, March 15, 1999 Women’s History is Everywhere: 10 Ideas for Celebrating In Communities A How-To Community Handbook prepared by the President’s Commission on the Celebration of Women in American History Commission Co-Chairs: Ann Lewis and Beth Newburger Commission Members: Dr. Johnnetta B. Cole, J. Michael Cook, Dr. Barbara Goldsmith, LaDonna Harris, Gloria Johnson, Dr. Elaine Kim, Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • The Vanishing Indian Reappears in the College Curriculum
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 427 914 RC 021 810 AUTHOR Kidwell, Clara Sue TITLE The Vanishing Indian Reappears in the College Curriculum. PUB DATE 1999-00-00 NOTE 23p.; Chapter 12 in: "Next Steps: Research and Practice To Advance Indian Education"; see RC 021 798. PUB TYPE Historical Materials (060) Information Analyses (070) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC01 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Activism; American Indian History; American Indian Languages; American Indian Literature; *American Indian Studies; *College Curriculum; Cultural Maintenance; Culturally Relevant Education; Ethnography; Higher Education; *Interdisciplinary Approach; Politics of Education; *Scholarship; Stereotypes; Tribal Sovereignty IDENTIFIERS Ethnohistory; *Native American Studies ABSTRACT The first Native American studies programs, created in the rising political consciousness of the late 1960s and early 1970s, arose from a rejection of traditional curricula and challenged stereotypes of Indians and their history. During the 1980s, Native studies programs became vehicles to recruit and retain American Indian students, reflecting concerns over minority attrition rates and affirmative action. In the late 1980s and into the 1990s, the increasingly multicultural makeup of American society and the emerging global economy focused attention on multiculturalism and cultural diversity in college curricula. One of the most notable trends in Native American studies has been the emergence of tribal colleges fostered by the American Indian Higher Education Consortium. These colleges offer courses that
    [Show full text]
  • Presidential Files; Folder: 7/7/77 [1]; Container 29
    7/7/77 [1] Folder Citation: Collection: Office of Staff Secretary; Series: Presidential Files; Folder: 7/7/77 [1]; Container 29 To See Complete Finding Aid: http://www.jimmycarterlibrary.gov/library/findingaids/Staff%20Secretary.pdf THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON z 0 H 8 H u >t ,:( ~ MONDALE COSTANZA [,C. EIZENSTAT JORDAN LIPSHUTZ MOORE POWELL WATSON FOR STAFFING FOR INFORMATION 1\C FROM PRESIDENT'S OUTBOX LOG IN/TO PRESIDENT TODAY IMMEDIATE TURNAROUND ARAGON BOURNE BRZEZINSKI HOYT HUTCHESON JAGODA KING THE PRESIDENT'S SCHEDULE Thursday- July 7, 1977 8:15 Dr. Zbigniew Brzezinski The Oval Office. 9:00 Meeting to Discuss EOP Reorganization {60 min.) · Report. {Mr. James Mcintyre) • The Cabinet Room. 10:30 Mr. Jody Powell The OVal Office. 11:00 Meeting with Mr. Albert Shanker, President; (15 min.) Mr. Robert Porter, Secretary-Treasurer, and _, the .Executive Committee 1 American Federation of Teachers 1 AFL-CIO - The Cabinet Room. · 11:30 Vice President Walter F. Mondale, Admiral Stansfield Turner, and Dr. Zbigniew Brzezinski - OVal Office. 12:30 Lunch with Mrs. Rosalynn Carter ~ · Oval Office • • 1:30 Meeting with Mr. Marshall Sh~lman. (15 min.) (Dr. Zbigniew Brzezinski) - Oval Office. 2:45 Meeting with Ambassador Leonard Woodcock, {15 min.) Secretary Cyrus Vance, Assistant Secretary Richard Holbrooke, and Dr. Zbigniew Brzezinski. The Cabinet Room. THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON July 7, 1977 Stu Eizenstat ~-:- ....... Charlie Schultze The attached was returned in the President's outbox. It is forwarded to you for your information. Rick Hutcheson Re: The U.S. Trade Balance t z 0 H 8 H u ~ < rz.. -- ; V'GQ MONDALE COSTANZA EIZENSTAT JORDAN LIPSHUTZ MOORE POWELL WATSON FOR STAFFING FOR INFORMATION - FROM PRESIDENT'S OUTBOX I"' LOG IN/TO PRESIDENT TODAY IMMEDIATE TURNAROUND ARAGON BOURNE ··-BRZEZINSKI HOYT HUTCHESON JAGODA KING :::: HE :='RESID.UE' HAS SEEN.
    [Show full text]
  • Outline of United States Federal Indian Law and Policy
    Outline of United States federal Indian law and policy The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to United States federal Indian law and policy: Federal Indian policy – establishes the relationship between the United States Government and the Indian Tribes within its borders. The Constitution gives the federal government primary responsibility for dealing with tribes. Law and U.S. public policy related to Native Americans have evolved continuously since the founding of the United States. David R. Wrone argues that the failure of the treaty system was because of the inability of an individualistic, democratic society to recognize group rights or the value of an organic, corporatist culture represented by the tribes.[1] U.S. Supreme Court cases List of United States Supreme Court cases involving Indian tribes Citizenship Adoption Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians v. Holyfield, 490 U.S. 30 (1989) Adoptive Couple v. Baby Girl, 530 U.S. _ (2013) Tribal Ex parte Joins, 191 U.S. 93 (1903) Santa Clara Pueblo v. Martinez, 436 U.S. 49 (1978) Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians v. Holyfield, 490 U.S. 30 (1989) South Dakota v. Bourland, 508 U.S. 679 (1993) Civil rights Oliphant v. Suquamish Indian Tribe, 435 U.S. 191 (1978) United States v. Wheeler, 435 U.S. 313 (1978) Congressional authority Ex parte Joins, 191 U.S. 93 (1903) White Mountain Apache Tribe v. Bracker, 448 U.S. 136 (1980) California v. Cabazon Band of Mission Indians, 480 U.S. 202 (1987) South Dakota v. Bourland, 508 U.S. 679 (1993) United States v.
    [Show full text]
  • A Portrayal of Gender and a Description of Gender Roles in Selected American Modern and Postmodern Plays
    East Tennessee State University Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University Electronic Theses and Dissertations Student Works 5-2002 A Portrayal of Gender and a Description of Gender Roles in Selected American Modern and Postmodern Plays. Bonny Ball Copenhaver East Tennessee State University Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.etsu.edu/etd Part of the English Language and Literature Commons, and the Feminist, Gender, and Sexuality Studies Commons Recommended Citation Copenhaver, Bonny Ball, "A Portrayal of Gender and a Description of Gender Roles in Selected American Modern and Postmodern Plays." (2002). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 632. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/632 This Dissertation - Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Works at Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Portrayal of Gender and a Description of Gender Roles in Selected American Modern and Postmodern Plays A dissertation presented to the Faculty of the Department of Educational Leadership and Policy Analysis East Tennessee State University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Education in Educational Leadership and Policy Analysis by Bonny Ball Copenhaver May 2002 Dr. W. Hal Knight, Chair Dr. Jack Branscomb Dr. Nancy Dishner Dr. Russell West Keywords: Gender Roles, Feminism, Modernism, Postmodernism, American Theatre, Robbins, Glaspell, O'Neill, Miller, Williams, Hansbury, Kennedy, Wasserstein, Shange, Wilson, Mamet, Vogel ABSTRACT The Portrayal of Gender and a Description of Gender Roles in Selected American Modern and Postmodern Plays by Bonny Ball Copenhaver The purpose of this study was to describe how gender was portrayed and to determine how gender roles were depicted and defined in a selection of Modern and Postmodern American plays.
    [Show full text]