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FOLIA GEOGRAPHICA INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL ISSN 1336-6157 (hard copy), ISSN 2454-1001 (online) FOLIA GEOGRAPHICA Volume 61, 2019, No. 1 61,2019,No. Volume International scientific journal for theory, research and practice of geography and related disciplines FOLIA GEOGRAPHICA Volume 61, 2019, No. 1 Executive editor: doc. RNDr. Kvetoslava Matlovičová, PhD. (University of Prešov, Slovakia) Editor-in-Chief: prof. RNDr. René Matlovič, PhD. (Slovak Accreditation Agency for Higher Education) International editorial board: Vladimír Baar (University of Ostrava, Czechia), Jerzy Bański (Polish Academy of Sciences, War- saw, Poland), Stan D. Brunn (University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA), Frédéric Dumont (Uni- versity of Science and Technology, Lille, France), Zoltán Gál (Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Pécs, Hungary), Chia-Ming Chang (Soochow University in Taipei, Taiwan), Pavel Chromý (Char- les University in Prague, Czechia), Alexandru Ilieş (University of Oradea, Romania), Vladimír Ira (Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia), Robert Ištok (University of Prešov, Slovakia), Antoni Jackowski (Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Poland), Peter Jordan (Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria), Milan Konečný (Masaryk University in Brno, Czechia), Pavol Korec (Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia), Gábor Kozma (University of Debrecen, Hungary), Kazimierz Krzemień (Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Poland), Lučka Lorber (University of Maribor, Slovenia), Piotr Migoń (University of Wrocław, Poland), Eva Michaeli (University of Pre- šov, Slovakia), Rahman Nurković (University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina), Ján Oťaheľ (University of Prešov, Slovakia), Neil Reid (University of Toledo, USA), Adrian Smith (Queen Mary, University of London, United Kingdom), Martin Sokol (Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland), Zoran Stiperski (University of Zagreb, Croatia), Zdeněk Szczyrba (Palacky University in Olomouc, Czechia), Massimiliano Tabusi (University for Foreigners of Siena, Italy), Ladislav Tolmáči (Co- menius University in Bratislava, Slovakia), Christian Vandermotten (Free University of Brussels, Belgium), Jozef Vilček (University of Prešov, Slovakia), Florin Žigrai (Vienna, Austria) This journal is available online: http://www.foliageographica.sk Publisher: University of Prešov, Ul. 17. novembra 15, 080 01 Prešov, Slovakia, IČO 17 070 775 ISSN 1336-6157 (hard copy) ISSN 2454-1001 (online) EV 4949/14 FOLIA GEOGRAPHICA • ISSN 1336-6157 (hard copy) • ISSN 2454-1001 (online) CONTENT Mirosław MIKA, Bernadetta ZAWILIŃSKA, Magdalena KUBAL-CZERWIŃSKA EXPLORING THE DETERMINANTS OF LOCAL PEOPLE’S ATTITUDE TOWARDS NATIONAL PARKS IN POLAND 5 Cheikh FAYE ORGANIZATION FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SENEGAL RIVER BASIN (OMVS) AND INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT (IWRM): WHAT BENEFITS AND DIFFICULTIES OF THE OMVS FOR IWRM IN SENEGAL? 17 Radoslav KLAMÁR, René MATLOVIČ, Monika IVANOVÁ, Robert IŠTOK, Ján KOZOŇ LOCAL ACTION GROUP AS A TOOL OF INTER-MUNICIPAL COOPERATION: CASE STUDY OF SLOVAKIA 36 Julita MARKIEWICZ-PATKOWSKA, Sławomir PYTEL, Piotr OLEŚNIEWICZ, Krzysztof WIDAWSKI MODERN SENIOR TOURISM IN THE CONTEXT OF YOUNG PEOPLE TOURIST ACTIVITY IN POLAND 68 Viktor BRYLEV RUSSIAN SALINE LAKES ELTON AND BASKUNCHAK AS CHALLENGERS TO THE UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE LIST 87 Volodymyr LUKYANETS, Anatoliy LISNYAK, Oksana TARNOPILSKA, Sergey MUSIENKO, Alla GARBUZ, Alexey KRAYNUKOV PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOILS IN POTENTIAL APPROACHES OF VOLYNIC POLISSE, VIOLATED BY ROOT SPONGE 98 Kvetoslava MATLOVIČOVÁ, Eva TIRPÁKOVÁ, Peter MOCÁK CITY BRAND IMAGE: SEMIOTIC PERSPECTIVE A CASE STUDY OF PRAGUE 120 Stanislav TORMA, Štefan KOCO, Jozef VILČEK, Pavel ČERMÁK NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS TRANSPORT IN THE SOIL FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF WATER POLLUTION 143 Folia Geographica, Volume 61, No. 1, (2019) FOLIA GEOGRAPHICA • ISSN 1336-6157 (hard copy) • ISSN 2454-1001 (online) EXPLORING THE DETERMINANTS OF LOCAL PEOPLE’S ATTITUDE TOWARDS NATIONAL PARKS IN POLAND Mirosław MIKA A*, Bernadetta ZAWILIŃSKA B, Magdalena KUBAL-CZERWIŃSKA C Received: January 7, 2019 | Revised: February 16, 2019 | Accepted: March 2, 2019 Paper No. 19-61/1-525 Abstract The article examines the attitudes of local communities towards national parks in Poland. Specifically, it aims to recognize the main factors determining the residents’ individual attitudes towards the Babia Góra National Park (Polish Carpathian Mts). The analysis is based on the results of questionnaire surveys carried out among the residents of the municipalities within which the park is located. Research results show that individual attitudes of residents towards national parks are determined by: a) the perception of the park’s managing entity, b) the level of access to natural resources covered by legal protection, and c) a subjectively assessed balance of gains and losses related to the park’s impact on the lives of individuals and the local economy. The analysis concluded, inter alia, that not all factors determining the residents’ attitudes and opinions create the potential for social conflict. Moreover, the entities managing national parks should be more involved in creating development opportunities for local communities. This issue should also be more widely reflected in nature conservation policy in Poland. Key words National park, social attitudes, local development, the Babia Góra region, Poland RESEARCH PROBLEM In the management of environmentally valuable areas, social participation plays an increasingly important role. In the case of protected areas, a co-management model based on the permanent cooperation between park management and local communities, which should lead to a synthesis of nature conservation goals with socio-economic ones, is recommended. The model assumes that the development of cooperation will lead to mutual trust and a search for new solutions conducive to preventing or mitigating social conflicts around the issue of nature conserva- tion. The interactive model of national park management should lead to increased A* Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Cracow, Poland [email protected] (corresponding author) B Cracow University of Economics, Rakowicka 27, 31-510 Cracow, Poland [email protected] C Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Cracow, Poland [email protected] Folia Geographica, Volume 61, No. 1, 5–16, (2019) • 5 EXPLORING THE DETERMINANTS OF LOCAL PEOPLE’S ATTITUDE TOWARDS NATIONAL PARKS IN POLAND public support for activities undertaken by these and other land-based forms of nature conservation (Borrini-Feyerabend et al. 2004, 2013; Dudley 2013; Mika et al. 2015; Królikowska 2007; Phillips 2003). In Central European countries, regulations enabling social participation in decision making processes concerning protected areas accompany broader systemic changes. Entities managing these areas recognize the necessity of taking into account social interest in the activities they undertake and are implementing participatory methods on an increasing scale; they open up to discussion and strive to reach compromises (Ginalski 2008; Švajda 2010). Unfortunately, building positive relations with residents often results in considerable difficulties stemming from social conflicts around national parks that have accumulated in previous decades, conflicts of interest and a lack of mutual trust (Domański and Partyka 1992; Gliński 2001; Hibszer 2013; Królikowska 2007; Mika and Zawilińska 2015). Currently, scholars extensively discuss the social aspects related to the admin- istration of protected areas. Many authors emphasize that the attitude of local communities towards national parks is crucial for the proper functioning of these areas and the successful implementation of their conservation objectives (Borri- ni-Feyerabend et al. 2004; Törn et al. 2007; Wells et al. 1992). However, the attitudes of the inhabitants towards parks are conditioned by the local context: the historical, geographical, cultural and political conditions in which these forms of protection function (i.e. Alexander 2000; Baral and Heinen 2007; Silori 2007; Vodouhe et al. 2010; Walpole and Goodwin 2001). In each case, the context sets out an excep- tional and unique mosaic of conditions in which today’s park management entities are obliged to build socially expected relations with the local population, the authorities, and the business sphere. Additionally, in Poland, the attitude of local communities towards national parks is largely conditioned by the way these areas were established in the 20th century through top-down administrative decisions that failed to take residents’ voices into account. Older generations still recall the difficult relationship between residents and park authorities and a subjective sense of wrongdoing associated with the government’s decision to place private lands under legal protection (Grabowski and Marmuszewski 1985; Osiniak et al. 1993; Górecki et al. 1998; Terlecka and Górecki 1998). PURPOSE AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGY The aim of the study is to identify the main factors shaping the attitudes of local communities towards the Babia Góra National Park located in the Polish Carpathi- ans. The analysis was based on the results of questionnaire surveys carried out in 2015 on a sample of n = 152 residents of municipalities within the park borders – Jabłonka, Lipnica Wielka and Zawoja. The selection of the sample was based 6 • Folia Geographica, Volume 61, No. 1, 5–16, (2019) Mirosław MIKA, Bernadetta ZAWILIŃSKA, Magdalena