Table of potential invasive pathogens and diseases with susceptible Alaskan host species, presence/absence information and invasive-ranking for Alaska.

Pathogen Name Disease Name Host/s Species in Alaska In Alaska? Invasive Ranking needle spruce no high (Wallr.) Unger Gemmamyces piceae Spruce bud blight spruce yes high (Borthw.) Casagr. Phytophthora Mal del ciprés yellow-cedar no high austrocedrae Gresl. & EM Hansen Bursaphelenchus Pine wilt lodgepole pine no moderate xylophilus nematode var. Rhododendron- spruce & rhododendron no moderate rhododendri (de Bary.) spruce needle rust Savile Cistella japonica Suto Resinous stem yellow-cedar no moderate et Kobayashi canker Didymascella Cedar shot hole yellow-cedar no moderate chamaecyparidis (JF Adams.) Maire Lophodermium Cedar leaf blight yellow-cedar no moderate chamaecyparissi Shir & Hara. Melampsora larici- Poplar rust aspen, larch & pine no moderate tremulae Kleb. Seiridium cardinale Seiridium shoot yellow-cedar no moderate (Wagener) Sutton & blight Gibson Erwinia amylovora Fire blight mountain-ash & yes low (Burrill) Winslow ornamental fruit trees Phytopthora ramorum Sudden oak death Pacific yew, larch & no low Werres deCock Man understory spp. 1 in’t Veld Phytophthora alni Alder alder yes low2 subsp. uniformis Phytophthora Brasier & SA Kirk Taphrina betulae Birch leaf curl birch no low (Fckl.) Johans. Taphrina betulina Birch witches birch no low Rostr. broom Valsa hariotii Valsa canker aspen, cottonwood, willow no low Phytophthora lateralis Phytophthora Pacific Yew no low Tucker & Milbrath root disease (yellow-cedar v. low) Apiosporina morbosa Black knot bird cherry yes very low (Schwein.:Fr.) Arx (invasive/ornamental) Cronartium ribicola JC White pine blister white pines (not native, yes very low Fisch. rust used in landscaping)

1 Rhododendron, Viburnum, western maidenhair fern, mountain laurel, false Solomon’s seal, western star flower, salal, ninebark, salmonberry and Lingon berry. Only hosts native to Alaska that are on the APHIS host list for P. ramorum are listed. Susceptibility to P. ramorum varies significantly by species/ and many highly susceptible hosts in CA, OR and WA are not present in AK. 2 P. alni was detected in Alaska in 2007. High genetic diversity within the pathogen population in AK and lack of damage to native alder species from this pathogen suggest that P. alni has long been established and is not an invasive species.