The Arab, the Horse of the Future

r.l^-^l FOR THE PEOPLE FOR EDVCATION FOR SCIENCE LIBRARY OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY il ^ LIBRARY OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY OSBORN LIBRARY OF VERTEBRATE PALi^ONTOLOGY PreBented October 2^, 1.924 '%«^ ^ # THE ARAB THE HORSE OF THE FUTURE THE ARAB THE HORSE OF THE FUTURE THE HON. SIR JAMES PENN BOUCAUT, K.C.M.G. Senior Puisne Judge of the Supreme Court of South Australia AND HERETOFORE THREE TiMES PkIME MINISTER OF THAT State PREFACE BY SIR WALTER GILBEY, Bart. author of 'riding and driving horses: their liREEDING,' ' THE GREAT HORSE OR WAR HORSE,' 'harness HORSES,' 'YOUNG RACEHORSES,' 'HORSES PAST AND PRESENT,' ' SMALL HORSES IN WARFARE,' ' HORSE-BREEDING IN ENGLAND AND INDIA, AND ARMY HORSES ABROAD,' ' HORSES FOR THE ARMY,' ' THOROUGHBRED AND OTHER PONIES,' 'hunter sires' GAY AND BIRD 22 BEDFORD STREET, STRAND LONDON 1905 / CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE PREFACE BY SIR WALTER GILBEY, BART. - - vii I. INTRODUCTORY .... - i II. DETERIORATION OF THE AUSTRALIAN HORSE - " ^3 III. DETERIORATION OF THE HORSE IN ENGLAND - 26 IV. CAUSE OF DETERIORATION - - - "51 V. THAT THE DETERIORATION HAS BEEN IN FALLING AWAY FROM THE ARAB - - - - 80 VI. THE EXCELLENCE OF THE ARAB ACCORDING TO MAJOR-GENERAL TWEEDIE, GENERAL DAUMAS, AND THE GREAT EMIR ABD-EL-KADER - - - 96 VII. SUNDRY ENCOMIUMS ON THE ARAB TAKEN AT RANDOM, AND INSTANCES OF THE LOVE OF THE ARAB BY GREAT SOLDIERS - - - - - 1 24 VIII. HORSES OF ANCIENT ARABIA - - - - 1 76 IX. MR. DAY AND THE DODO - - - "195 X. WHAT SORT OF HORSE TO BREED - - - 204 XI. WHAT OTHER COUNTRIES ARE BREEDING - - 224 XII. CONCLUSION ------ 239 APPENDIX I - - - - 242 APPENDIX II - - - - - - 244 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS QUEEN VICTORIA S FAVOURITE ARAB AND DOGS Frontispiece THE AVERAGE HEIGHTS OF THOROUGHBREDS IN 170O, 1800, AND 1900 ------ xiii OWNER ON RAFVK ----- To face 32 QUAMBI STUD FARM, MOUNT BARKER SPRINGS, SOUTH AUSTRALIA - - - - „ 64 SULEIMAN AND ZUBEIR - - - - „ 96 RAFYK BEGGING FOR SUGAR - - - ,, 1 28 MISS DE BEANGV (BY RAFYK OUT OF A HEAVY cart-mare) - - - - - ,, 160 sir james p. boucaut on faroun, by messaoud (sold to RUSSIAN GOVERNMENT) - - „ 1 92 RAFYK (ARAB STALLION) - - - - „ 224 Vll PREFAC E By sir WALTER GILBEY, Bart. Having been requested by Sir James Boucaut to write a preface to the following chapters, I gladly consent, believing as I most firmly do that the Arab is the horse which has laid the foundation of all the best saddle-horses in England, America, India, and on the Continent. Up to the present time more than 4,000 distinct works, in various languages, have been devoted to the horse, and among these are nearly ninety in Arabic and Persian, which are specially devoted to the Arab breed. Careful research into the history of the horse shows that there have been two distinct types in England since Julius Caesar visited our shores nearly 2,000 years ago—namely, the light horse and the heavy horse. There can be no doubt whatever concerning the importance of the part which the Arab horse has played in the work of building up all our breeds of light horses. X PREFA CE The heavy horse'' is a distinct type, and has been developed from the ancient British war-horse which evoked the admiration of Julius Caesar. This breed of horse was the anxious care of Kings and Parlia- ment from a date prior to the time of King John ; and we find that the weight a riding-horse of this type had to bear, with its mail-clad rider and the plate-armour with which it was protected, might be upwards of 4 cwt., or 32 stone. The writings of such authorities as Blundeville (1565), the Duke of Newcastle (1657), and others, give much information on the superior quality of the Arabian horses, and show that these animals were held in the highest esteem for breeding all saddle- horses. Richard Berenger, the great authority on horses and horsemanship, in his book published in 1771, ' says : In taking a view of the horses most valued in the different part of the globe, Arabia stands most eminently distinguished for the excellence of its horses ; and that it is from Arabian horses that the noblest breeds of Europe descend.' Though the foundations of the English thoroughbred were laid only in the reign of King Charles II. by the importation of large numbers of stallions and mares, sires of Eastern blood had been brought to this country at frequent intervals from an early * ' The Great Horse or the War Horse ; from the Time of the Roman Invasion till its Development into the Shire Horse.' By Sir Walter Gilbey, Bart. ; second edition, pubished 1899; Vinton and Co., 9, New Bridge Street, London. PREFACE xi period, and it is not difficult to understand why they were so prized by our ancestors. Endurance and docility were the great essentials in the horses they sought to produce for hunting for ordinary use as saddle-horses, and as pack- horses to travel on narrow ways when roads did not exist in England. These essential qualities are still to be found in their highest perfection in horses of Eastern blood. Until the time of King Charles II. (1660- 1685), our racehorses (light horses) had not been graded into a distinct breed. This we learn from the writings of, among others, Richard Blome, whose work, ' The Gentleman's Recreation,' was published in 1686. Blome's advice to those who desired to breed racehorses, hunters, and road-horses is to choose a Turk, Barb, or Spaniard (all horses of Eastern blood) as the stallion, and to select the mare according to her shape and make, with an eye to the work for which the foal might be intended. Our forefathers had no Stud- Book to guide them i n their choice of stallion and mare ; they were guided by their own judgment, and the pedigree of the stallion or mare could have weighed little or nothing with them—certainly nothing in the case of the sire, for they could have had no means of learn- ing more of his pedigree beyond the fact that he was truly an Eastern horse. The Byerly Turk, imported in 1689, was Captain Byerly's charger. He proved a most successful xii PREFACE sire, and his stock (winners of many important races) are recorded in the early numbers of the General Stud-Book. The Byerly Turk established the superiority of the Arabian stallions. He was used upon the Arab mares imported into England by King Charles, which have ever since been known as the Royal Mares, and the produce were found superior in speed on the turf and endurance to all other horses. The importation of the Royal Mares furnished the starting-point for the grading up of modern racehorses. The Darley Arabian, imported 1706, and the Godolphin Arabian, imported twenty-four years later, were exclusively used on the full-blooded Arab mares which were directly descended from the Royal Mares and the Byerly Turk who was imported in 1689. Upton* proves beyond doubt, by his carefully compiled pedigrees, that the racehorses on the turf at the present time descend from these three sires and the Royal Mares. The height of the Arabs originally imported into England averaged 14 hands, and our thoroughbred stock has been steadily graded up until the racehorses of late years—such as Macaroni, Parmesan, Caractacus, Ellington, Thormanby, etc., and those on the turf to-day—average i5*2j hands. * Roger D. Upton in his book ' Newmarket and Arabia,' published in 1873, by King and Co., London. PREFACE The following Plates illustrate the average heights of Thovoughhveds in 1700, 1800, and 1900. xiv PREFACE Since the old days of four-mile-heat races under heavy weights passed away, much has been sacri- ficed to speed over a short distance. The tendency for the past hundred years has been in the direction of shorter races and lighter weights ; and breeders for the turf, regulating their policy accordingly, have succeeded in producing a longer-striding animal, which is much higher than his ancestors. This increased height, and the greater speed it implies, has been obtained at the sacrifice of qualities less important to a successful turf career under modern conditions. This point is emphasized by Sir James Boucaut. Admiral Rous, writing in the year i860, said that the English racehorse had increased an inch in height in every twenty-five years since 1700. As regards the desirability of reverting again to the Arab to improve our modern breeds of horses, whether in Australia or elsewhere, there can hardly be two opinions. The same forces have been at work in Australia as in England to produce deterioration in the thoroughbred : two-year-old races, short distances, and light weights leave all the best qualities of horse-flesh untaxed. They do more : they tend to develop delicacy of constitution. Were the racehorse a breed entirely apart from all other breeds ; were thoroughbreds used only and exclusively for the purpose of racing and of beget- ting racehorses ; did they play no part whatever in the economy of horse-breeding apart from the turf, PREFA CE XV we might regard this deterioration with less concern ; but, as everyone knows, the thoroughbred horse is ' used to improve ' our hunters and saddle-horses. Time was when the thoroughbred could do this : in the days when the racehorse ran four- mile heats under 1 1 or 12 stone, and ran such heats twice or three times on the same day ; when, in a word, his Arab character had not been bred out of him to develop higher speed, he was admirably qualified to get hunters that would gallop and stay, saddle- horses that would carry weight, and troop-horses that could endure the hardships of campaigning on scanty fare.

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