CHAPTER 4

OVERALL TOTAL AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION OF MAIN CROPS

4.1 Introduction

Crops grown in the district are grouped into

various categories on the basis of different agronomic,

nutritional, technological, economic and end-use factors.

The most common and comprehensive classification gives

following categories of crops :

1. Cereals : paddy (rice), wheat,jowar, bajra, vari, maize

(ma k a ) , etc.

2. Pulses : gram (harbhara), pigeon pea (tur), green gram

(mun g ) , black gram (udid), horse gram ikulith), field

pea (mutter), lentil (masur), math, etc.

3. Oilseeds : groundnut, castor (erandi), linseed (alshi

or jawas), sesame (til), safflower (kardai), sunflower,

niger (karale), etc.

4. Fibre crops : cotton, sunnhemp (tag), mesta (ambadi),

sisal (ghaypat), etc.

5. Fodder crops : lucerne, egyptian clover, ( barseem),

para grass, etc.

6. Vegetables : potato, onion, cabbage, cauliflower, car

rot, little gourd, bitter gourd, lady’s finger, brin-

jal, cucumber, cluster bean, green peas, pumpkin,

lettuce, radish, spinach, sweet potato, tomato, etc.

7. Fruit crops : grape, guava (peru), mango, papaya, sweet

Ii 65 lime imosambi), sour lime {kagadi limbu), etc.

8. Condiments and spices : chilli, garlic, etc.

9. Drugs, dyes and narcotics : tobacco

10. Sugar crops : sugarcane

The above list is not an exhaustive one. Only the

important crops are incorporated in the list. Some of the

crops belong to more than one categories. For example,

cotton is a fibre as well as an oilseed crop.

Cereals and pulses are consumable without much process­

ing. These crops fulfill basic human necessities of life.

Whereas, some crops are mainly cultivated for market supply.

For marketing purpose these crops require processing before

their consumption. The oilseeds, sugarcane and fibre crops

(for example : cotton) have to undergo processing before

they could be used. The processing of some crops result in

some by-products useful as animal feeds.

Tobacco is a commercial crop. Producer’s own need for

consumption of the tobacco is very little and ultimately

most production of this crop is marketable surplus. Oil is

extracted from oilseeds which is raw material for oil

mills. Sugarcane is raw material of sugar factories. Cotton

is raw material of spinning mills. Most of these crops thus

work as the raw material for agro-based industries. Fodder

crops are essential for the development of animal husbandry

as well as production of milk and meat. Horticultural crop

such as fruits, vegetables and flowers being mostly market

oriented, are essentially commercial in character.

66 Table No. 4.1 shows that foodcrops formed a major part of agricultural production in the district. Sugarcane, the only sugar crop grown extensively in the irrigated belt, occupied over 5 per cent of the total gross cropped area of the district during the decade 1981-90. Among oilseeds, however, safflower and groundnut occupied a large area in the cropping pattern. In the category of fibre crops, very little area was occupied under cotton in the district. Among cereals, jowar was the main crop grown followed by bajra, wheat and rice while in case of pulses gram, tur, and mung were the major pulses grown in the district. Tobacco and condiment and spices had very negligible importance in the cropping pattern of the district.

Cropping pattern, yield rate and talukawise analysis of cropped area are some of the important factors while study­ ing the overall agricultural production of main crops of

the district. The changes in agricultural prosperity can be evaluated with reference to the shifts in the cropping

pattern. One important factor influencing the agricultural production is the area under crops. "A change in the area

has two aspects, one, the absolute increase in the total area cultivated and second, the change in the cropping

pattern"^ Statistics regarding talukawise changes in crop­ ping pattern are helpful for the study of talukawise differ­ ences in the agricultural prosperity. This study will also focus the regional imbalance, if any, in the development of

the district.

67 TABLE No. 4.1 Cropping pattern : area under important crops out of the total gross cropped area in

Percentage Distribution of Area Sr. Crop No. 1960-61 70-71 80-81 89-90 80-81 to 89-90

Average

1. Rice 0.75 0.59 0.62 0.70 0.67 2. Wheat 3.79 3.53 3.96 4.15 4.19 3, Jowar 50.64 39.41 47.53 45.93 48.35 4. Baj ra 17.55 27.40 18.85 24.76 20.83 Total Cereals 73.84 71.90 72,02 76.32 74.80

5. Gram 2.24 1.53 1.30 1.52 1.45 6. Tur ! 1 .07 N.A. 0.85 1 .46 1.02 7. Mung 1 N.A. N.A. 1.33 0.73 0.91

Total Pulses 7.74 8.49 6.87 6.03 6.16

Total Foodgrains 81 .58 80.39 78.90 82.35 80.96 i 8. Sugarcane 2.72 3.94 5.94 5.81 5.18

Total foodcrops 85.14 85.33 85.85 89.67 87.33

9. Cotton 2.44 2.19 0.92 0.04 0.27 10. Groundnut 2.37 1.61 1 .14 0.79 0.93 11. Safflower N.A. 4.49 4.45 2.70 4.13 Total nonfood crops 14.86 14.67 14.15 10.33 12.67 1 Total gross cropped area 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

Source : Source for the data 60-61, 70-71, 80-81 : Directorate of Economics and Statistics : Socio-Ecpmfflic Reyiew aDd District Statistical Abstract of Ahme.dnaaa.r district : 1981-82. Government of , Bombay- pp.28-29. Note : (1) Average figures of 81-90 are calculated by re­ searcher on the basis of 10 years’ data given in Table No. 4.3. (2) Totals may not tally as the minor crops are not i mentioned, though they are taken into account in the total. (3) Gross cropped area is the total of net sown area and area sown more than once in the same year.

68 4.2 Cropping pattern of the district

Table No. 4.1 shows the data regarding percentage of

area under important crops of the total gross cropped area

in Ahmednagar district. The Table is self explanatory and

depicts the analysis of cropping pattern of the district.

Some highlighted features from this Table are listed below :

(1) Cropped area can be divided into two categories as area

under total food crops and area under total non food

crops. Gross cropped area is the sum of total net area

under crops and area cropped more than once in the same

year.

While comparing area under total food crops in

1960-61, with that in the decade 1981-90, it is found

that there is a marginal increase in cropped area by

over two per cent under total food crops. In contrast,

the area under total non food crops shows a continuous

decreasing trend.

(2) Area under total food grains can again be subdivided

into two parts namely, area under total cereals and

area under total pulses.

Area under total cereals in 1960-61 was 73,84 per

cent of total gross cropped area, which increased

marginally to 74.80 per cent in the decade 1981-1990.

Ultimately, it resulted in decrease of the area under

total pulses in the decade. It was 7.74 per cent in

1960-61, which is 6.16 per cent in the decade 1981-90.

(3) The crops from different categories, namely, jotfar.

69 bajra, sugarcane, wheat and safflower, together account

for 82.68 per cent area in the cropping pattern out of

the total gross cropped area. Out of these crops, jowar

ranks first with 48.35 per cent followed by baJra,

sugarcane, wheat and safflower with 20.83, 5,18, 4.19

per cent and 4,13 per cent area, respectively, during

the decade 1981-90.

Average index numbers of area under major crops with

1960-61 as the base year have been worked out for the decade

1981-90 at two points, viz, at the beginning, i. e, 1980-81 and at the end of the decade i,e, 1989-90, Based on these values, the average value for the decade has been worked out and presented in Table No. 4.2.

It is observed that, during the last thirty years there is an increasing trend in the percentage of area under

'total food crops’. Ultimately the percentage of area under

'non food crops’ have slightly declined in the decade 1981-

90. By critically analysing these fluctuations in the per­ centages of area under different crops, it may be observed that, the area under rice, jowar, gram, cotton and groundnut was decreasing while that under bajra and sugarcane showed improving trend.

There is a notable decline pertaining to cropped area under cotton and groundnut. Both these are cash crops which help to promote the development of agro-based industries.

The former is the raw material for spinning mills, while the later is the raw material for oil mills, groundnut decorti­ cation units, food industries, etc. The Table further re-

70 veals that during the thirty years there was a considerable

increase in the cropped area under sugarcane which is a raw

material for the sugar factories of the district.

TABLE No. 4.2 Average index numbers of area under important crops in the Ahmednagar district

Average Index Number of Area Sr. Crop No. 1960-61 70-71 80-81 89-90 80-81 to 89-90

Average

1. Rice 100,00 78.66 82.66 93,33 89.33

2. Wheat 100,00 93,13 104,48 109.49 110.55

3. Jowar 100.00 77,82 93,85 90.69 95.47

4. Ba j ra 100,00 156.12 107,40 141.08 118.68

Total cereals 100.00 97.37 97,53 103,35 101.30

5. Gram 100.00 68.30 58.03 67.85 64.73

6. Tur 100.00 N.A. 79.43 136.44 95.32

7. Mung N.A. — — — —

Total pulses 100.00 109.68 88.75 77.90 79.58

Total foodgrains 100.00 98.54 96.71 100.94 99.24

8. Sugarcane 100.00 144,85 218.38 213.60 190.44

Total food crops 100.00 100,22 100.83 105.32 102,57

9. Cotton 100.00 89,75 37.70 1 ,63 11 .06

10. Groundnut 100,00 67.93 48,10 33.33 39.24

11. Safflower N.A. Total non food crops 100.00 98.72 95,22 69.51 85.26

Note : (1) 1960--61 is the base year, •figures of the base year is not available for mung and safflower. (2) Indices are calculated by the researcher on the basis of the figures given in Table No. 4,1

71 TABLE No. 4.3

Area under different crops in Ahmednagar district (In hectares)

Year Rice Wheat Jowar Ba jra Maise Vari Other Total Gram Tur Mung Other cereals cereals pulses (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13)

1980-81 7939 50083 600941 238388 N. A. N.A. 13112 910463 16478 10765 16844 42918

1981-82 7928 61718 620247 205822 N.A. 1162 15988 912925 19448 9301 17844 36871

1982-83 8824 59707 622888 208474 N.A. 1152 9018 910063 19421 9059 15158 34904

1983-84 8362 51652 625324 209115 1619 1154 897229 19038 10232 8972 39280

1984-85 8511 53193 629066 209045 3045 1018 903878 18953 8800 7906 34957

1985-86 8037 46617 638051 268820 3223 1095 1328 967171 15270 12531 8131 33792

1986-87 8062 41052 595941 289660 3371 330 1902 940318 17520 15207 12342 32503

1987-88 8309 58883 569295 333905 4426 1117 7631 983566 19820 16826 8834 33034

1988-89 9041 48523 566618 329752 4405 1269 7323 966931 16553 17157 9305 28450

1989-90 8911 52742 583455 314616 4312 1267 4156 969459 19251 18586 9224 29514

% out of the gross cropped 0.67 4.19 48.35 20.83 0-28 0.07 0.48 74.80 1.45 1.02 0.91 2.76 area over a decade

(Contd...)

72 TABLE No. 4.3 (Contd...)

Area under different crops in Ahmednagar district (In hectares)

Year Total Total Sugar- Total Total Total Cotton Other Total Ground­ JawaB Saffl pulses food cane condiments fruits and food fibres fibres nut ower gi'ains and spices vegetables crops (1) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (22) (23) (24) (25)

1980-81 86975 997438 75121 3421 9375 1085355 11705 1207 13912 14516 1696 56269

1981-82 83464 996389 74094 3441 9776 1083700 11727 836 12563 14871 3207 65191

1982-83 78542 988605 77011 3575 9337 1078528 2728 653 3381 13716 1450 58484

1983-84 77522 974751 69982 3260 9676 1057669 1798 1478 3276 12730 1682 56673

1984-85 70616 974494 62552 3060 9628 1049734 1430 1514 2944 11021 1229 53796

1985-86 69724 1036885 59866 3248 9625 1109854 933 1019 1952 10320 1319 54503

1986-87 77572 1017890 48455 3092 12182 1081619 517 1680 2197 8614 933 51538

1987-88 78514 1062080 49833 4035 14682 1130629 825 294 1119 9799 1227 49958

1988-89 71465 1038396 57924 2833 14423 1113576 1559 592 2151 10397 1239 35649

1989-90 76575 1046034 73882 2765 16392 1139073 515 905 1420 9980 767 34256

% out of the gross cropped 6.16 80.96 5.18 0.26 0.91 87.33 00.27 0.08 0.35 0.93 0. 12 4. 13 area over a decade

(Contd...)

73 TABLE No, 4,3 (Contd...)

Area under different crops in Ahmednagar district (In hectares)

Year Other Total Tobacco Other Total Total Other Total Total Area cropped Total net oil oil drugs and drugs and fodder misc.non non food gross more than area under seeds seeds narcotics narcotics crops food crops crops cropped once crops area (1) (26) (27) (28) (29) (30) (31) (32) (33) (34) (35) (36)

1980-31 4576 77057 83 - 83 87030 735 178817 1264172 68531 1195641

1981-82 1589 84858 38 52 90 90625 5210 193346 1277046 100096 1176950

1982-83 955 74605 8 47 55 97273 5013 180327 1258855 83833 1175022

1983-84 3950 75035 9 31 40 85117 6890 170358 1228027 64363 1163664

1984-85 6669 72715 13 30 43 72728 5547 153977 1203711 67665 1136046

1985-86 8011 74153 11 44 55 67363 1376 144899 1254753 68624 1186129

1986-87 12312 73397 11 188 199 72414 1848 150055 1231674 66820 1164854

1987-88 11595 72579 11 22 33 71835 1689 147255 1277884 105988 1171896

1988-89 14275 61560 4 9 13 67555 4511 135788 1249364 81510 1167854

1989-90 9691 54694 3 36 39 71287 3778 131218 1270291 90150 1180141

% out of the gross cropped 0.58 5,76 0.0015 0.0036 0,0051 6.26 0.29 12.67 100.00 area over a decade

Source : Directorate of Economics and Statistics i Socio-Economic Review and District Statistical Abstract of Alimednagar District : 1980-81 to Government of Maharashti'a, Bombay.

Note Total gross cropped area means the total of area cropped more than once and total net area under crops, (column No. 34 is the total of column no, 35 and 36), Other pulses includes math, udid and kulith etc. Total condiments and spices includes chillis, coriander seeds, garlic, etc

74 TABLE Ho. 4.4

Index of area under different crops in Ahmednagar district

Year Rice Wheat Jowar Ba jra Other Total Gram Tur Mung Other Total cereals cereals pulses pulses (1) (2) (3) (4) C5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12)

1980-81 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

1981-82 99.86 123.23 103.21 86.33 121.93 100,27 118.02 86.40 105.93 85.91 95.96

1982-83 111. 14 119.21 103.65 87.45 68.77 99.95 117.86 84. 15 89.99 81.32 90.30

1983-84 105.32 103. 13 104.05 87.72 Nil 98.54 115.53 95.04 53.26 91.52 89. 13

1984-85 107.20 106.20 104.68 87.69 Nil 99.27 115.02 81.74 46.93 81.45 81.19

1985-86 101.23 93.07 106.17 112.76 10. 12 106.22 92.66 116.40 48.27 78.73 80. 16

1986-87 101.54 81.96 99. 16 121.50 14.50 103.27 106.32 141.26 73.27 75.73 89. 18

1987-88 104.66 117.57 94.73 140.06 58. 19 108.02 120.28 156.30 52.44 76.97 90.27

1988-89 113.88 96.88 94.28 138.32 55.84 106.20 100.45 159.37 55.24 66.28 82. 16

1989-90 112.24 105.30 97.09 131.97 31.69 106.47 116.82 172.65 54.76 68.76 88.04

(Contd...)

75 TABLE No. 4.4 (Contd...)

Index of area under different crops in Ahinednagar district

Year Total Sugar­ Total Total Total Cotton Other Total Ground­ Jawas Saffl- Other Total food cane condiments fruits and food fibres fibres nut ovrer oil oil grains and spices vegetables crops seeds seeds CD (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (22) (23) (24) (25)

1980-81 100.00 100,00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

1981-82 99.89 98.63 100.68 104.27 99.84 100.18 69.26 90.30 102.44 189.09 115.85 34.72 110.12

1982-83 99.11 102.51 104.50 99.59 99.37 23.30 54.10 24.30 94.46 85,49 103.93 20. 86 96.81

1983-84 97.72 93.15 95,29 103.21 97.44 15.36 122.45 23.54 87.69 99.17 100,71 86.31 97 . 37

1984-85 97.69 83.26 89.44 102.69 96.71 12.21 125.43 21.16 75.92 72.46 95.60 145.73 94.36

1985-86 103.95 79.69 94.94 102.66 102.25 7.97 84.42 14.03 71.09 77.77 96.86 175.06 96.23

1986-87 102.05 64.50 90.38 129.94 99.65 4.41 139.18 15.79 59.34 55.01 91.59 269.05 95.25 1987-88 106.48 66.33 117.94 156.60 104.17 7.04 24.35 8.04 67.50 72.34 88.78 253.38 94. 18

1988-89 104.10 77.10 82.81 153.84 102.60 13.31 49.04 15.46 71.62 73.05 63.35 311.95 79.88

1989-90 104.87 98.35 80.82 174.84 104.94 4.39 74.97 10.20 68.75 45.22 60.87 211.77 70.97

(Contd...)

76 TABLE No. 4.4 (Contd...)

Index of area under different crops in Alunednagar district

Year Tobacco Total Total Other Total Total Area cropped Total net drugs and fodder misc. non food gross more than area under narcotics crops non food crops cropped once crops crops area (1) (26) (27) (28) (29) (30) (31) (32) (33)

1980-81 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

1981-82 45.78 103.43 104.13 7 08.84 108.12 101.01 146.05 98.43

1982-83 9.63 66.26 111.76 632.04 100.84 99.57 122.32 98.27

1983-84 10.84 48.19 97.80 937.41 95.26 97.14 93.91 97.32

1984-85 15.66 51.80 83.56 754.69 86.10 95.21 98.73 95.01

1985-86 13.25 66.26 77.40 187.21 81.03 99.25 100.13 99.20

1986-87 13.25 239.75 83.20 251.42 83.91 97 .42 97.50 97 . 42

1987-88 13.25 39.75 82.54 229.79 82.34 101.08 154.65 98 .01

1988-89 4.81 15.66 77.62 613.74 75.93 98.82 118.93 97.67

1989-90 3.61 46.98 81.91 514.01 73.38 100.48 131.54 98.70

Note : 1. 1980-81 is the base year. 2. Indices are calculated by the researcher on the basis of the figures given in Table No, 4.3.

77 4.3 Cropping pattern of the district for the decade 1981-90

Table No. 4.3 'Area under different crops in Ahmedna-

gar district presents the yearwise scenario of the cropping

pattern of the district for the decade 1981-90.

Considering the decade 1981-90, it is observed from

Table No. 4.3 that total cereal crops occupied 74.80 per

cent of the total gross cropped area of the district, fol­

lowed by total pulses (6.16 per cent). It means total

cereal and pulses crops occupied 80.96 per cent area of the

gross cropped area.

Sugarcane occupied 5.18 per cent, total condiment and

spices 0.26 per cent, total fruits and vegetables 0.91 per

cent, fibres 0.35 per cent and oilseeds occupied 5.76 per

cent of the total gross cropped area of the district.

Among cereals jowar occupied the largest area (48.35

per cent of the total gross cropped area of the district).

Followed by bajra (20.83 per cent), wheat (4.19 per cent),

rice (0.67 per cent). It shows that jouar occupied about

half area of the total gross cropped area of the district.

Jowar was the main crop of the district during the decade

1981-90.

Among pulses gram (harbhara) occupied 1.45 per cent,

tur 1.02 per cent, m u n g 0.91 per cent and other pulses

(included math, matki, kulith, udid, etc.) occupied 2.76 per

cent of the total gross cropped area of the district.

Among oilseeds safflower occupied 4.13 per cent,

groundnut 0.93 per cent, Jawas 0.12 per cent, other oilseeds

78 (including sesame, sunflower, etc.) occupied 0.58 per cent of the total gross cropped area of the district during the decade.

It is found that jotvar, bajra, wheat, saf flower and sugarcane formed a major part of the cropping pattern of

Ahmednagar district. These crops together occupied 82.68 per cent of the total gross cropped area.

Table No. 4.4 'Index of area under different crops in

Ahmednagar district’ with reference to base year 1980-81 helps to elaborate the changes in the cropping pattern of the district during the decade. Features of the Table No.

4.4 can be summarised as follows :

(1) Up to 1984-85, the area under total cereals was almost

constant while it increased to some extent from 1985-86

onwards up to the end of the decade. The area under

rice, wheat, bajra and jowar fluctuated during every

year of the decade.

(2) Though with some extent of fluctuations during each

year of the decade, the area under total pulses never

exceeded the value of base year, i.e. 1980-81. In case

of gram, except to during 1985-86, area was always

above the base year value. Similar case was observed in

case of tur during the latter half of the decade.

(3) It is significant to note that the area under sugarcane

was decreasing in the decade 1981-90 except during

1982-83. However, in the decade 1981-90, it was about

double the area under sugarcane during 1960-61 (Table

No. 4.2). 79 (4) Area under total food crops fluctuated to some extent

during the decade. Similarly, area under total condi­

ment and spices also fluctuated while under total

fruits and vegetables, except during 1982-83 increased

considerably.

(5) It is also interesting to note that area under cotton

decreased up to 4.39 per cent in 1989-90, when it was

100 per cent in 1980-81 (Please see Table No. 4.4).

There was a notable reduction in cropped area of cotton

and total fibres in the decade.

(6) Area under total oilseeds also showed decreasing trend

except during 1981-82, in the decade 1981-90. While

with some exceptions area under groundnut, jawas,

safflower decreased, whereas the area under other

oilseeds (which includes sunflower, sesame, niger,

etc.) increased considerably from 1984-85, which was

more than double in 1989-90 as compared to 1980-81.

(7) Area under total drugs and narcotics except 1981-82 and

1986-87 as well as total fodder crops, except during

1981-83 decreased in the decade 1981-90.

(8) Trend of area under total non food crops from 1983-84

decreased, whereas, total gross cropped area with

little fluctuations was near about constant.

80 TABLE No. 4 .5

Percentage of area under different crops of the gross cropped area of the taluka

(For over a decade 1980-81 to 1 9 8 9 - 9 0 )

Taluka Rice Wheat J o w a r J o w a r T o t a l B a j r a M a iz e v a r i O t h e r T o t a l G ra m k h a r i f r a b b i jo w a r c e r e a l s c e r e a l s Cl) (2) (3) ( 4 ) ( 5 ) (6) ( 7 ) (8) ( 9 ) (10) (11) (12)

Ahmednagar 0.06 4.02 1.93 65.93 67.86 7 .17 0.14 0.00 0.09 79.37 1 .6 9

R a h u r i 0.07 10.53 4.58 38.03 42.61 13.00 0.43 0.00 0 .16 66.81 2 .7 1

Shrirampur 0.15 8.06 7 .69 36.37 44.07 15.86 0.60 0.16 68.92 1.90

N e w a s a 0.01 6.51 1.95 47.53 49.50 18.88 0.15 0.01 0.18 75.26 2 .3 3

S h e v g a o n 0.07 4.21 0.35 40.64 40.99 32.61 0.15 0.00 0.22 78.27 2 .0 9

P a t h a r d i 0.03 2,30 2.33 39.27 39.60 44.30 0 .04 0.01 0.27 86.56 1.13

J a m k h e d 0.20 2.48 1.73 62.80 64.73 3,96 0.31 0.00 0.61 72.12 1.30

K a r j a t 0.14 2 .5 0 1.03 7 2.2 0 73.23 3.01 0.24 0.00 0 .15 79.29 0.93

Shr igonda 0,11 3.36 1.47 75.65 77.12 2. 13 0.15 0.00 0.10 82.99 1.05

P a r n e r 0.01 1.90 0.62 48.95 49.57 25.78 0.08 0. 15 77.49 0.64

A k o la 8.00 1.25 3.03 0.90 3 .9 4 21.67 0.06 1.02 3 .84 39.66 0.81

S a n g a m n e r 0.25 2.89 2 .45 15.02 17.47 58.62 0.21 0.00 0 .12 79.58 0 .90

K o p a r g a o n 0.20 9.02 5.47 35.97 41.44 22.21 0.20 0.00 0 .77 73.84 2.48

81 TABLE No. 4.5 (Contd...)

Percen-bage of area under d ifferen t crops of the gross cropped area of the taluka

(For over a decade 1980-81 to 1989-90)

T a l u k a T u r M u n g O t h e r T o t a l T o t a l S u g a r ­ T o t a l Total fruits Total p u l s e s p u l s e s f o o d c a n e c o n d i m e n t s a n d f o o d g r a i n s a n d s p i c e s vegetables crops (1) ( 1 3 ) ( 1 4 ) ( 1 5 ) ( 1 6 ) ( 1 7 ) ( 1 8 ) ( 1 9 ) (20) (21)

Ahm ednagar 1 . 3 0 1 . 2 8 2 . 4 1 9 . 7 6 8 6 . 1 3 1 . 2 3 0 . 2 6 0.66 8 8 . 2 9

H a h u r i 0 . 8 6 0 . 3 1 1 . 1 3 5 . 0 2 7 1 . 7 4 1 8 . 6 2 0 . 1 7 0 . 7 5 9 1 . 2 9

Shr iram pur 1 . 0 3 0 . 3 0 1.00 4 . 2 5 7 3 . 2 8 1 6 . 9 5 0 . 2 3 1 . 0 4 9 1 . 4 9

N e w a s a 0 . 8 9 0 . 8 7 0 . 8 4 4 . 9 4 8 0 . 2 1 1 0 . 6 0 0 . 3 8 0 . 6 4 9 1 , 8 4

S h e v g a o n 1 . 8 7 1 . 3 3 3 . 2 9 8 . 6 0 8 6 . 8 7 3 . 7 5 0.20 0 . 5 4 9 1 . 3 7

P a t h a r d i 1 . 2 2 0 . 8 3 2 . 8 1 6.00 9 2 . 5 6 1 . 1 9 0 . 1 6 0 . 4 1 9 4 . 3 7

J a m k h e d 2 . 3 9 1 . 7 4 3 . 5 2 8 . 9 5 8 1 . 0 5 0 . 6 5 0 . 5 6 0 . 5 8 8 2 . 8 6

K a r j a t 0 . 8 1 0 . 7 4 4 . 9 0 7 . 3 9 86.68 1 . 5 8 0 . 3 6 0 . 4 3 8 9 . 1 2

S h r i g o n d a 0 . 3 8 0 . 4 8 2 . 1 9 4 . 1 0 8 7 . 0 8 2 . 5 8 0.22 1 . 0 3 9 1 . 0 5

P a r n e r 1 . 2 9 1 . 5 9 5 . 0 0 8 . 5 2 86.01 0 . 2 6 0 . 1 6 1 . 2 5 8 7 . 6 7

A k o l a 0 . 2 6 0 . 1 9 3 . 0 0 4 . 2 6 4 3 . 9 1 2 . 1 7 0 . 2 3 1 . 0 8 4 7 . 3 9

S a n g a m n e r 0 . 7 9 1 . 2 2 2 . 6 5 5 . 5 6 8 5 . 1 1 5 . 9 4 0 . 2 6 1 . 6 7 9 2 . 9 9

K o p a r g a o n 0 . 4 6 0 . 4 6 1 . 0 7 4 . 4 6 7 8 . 3 0 1 2 . 5 6 0 . 2 3 1 . 7 2 9 2 . 9 5

( C o n t d . . . )

l i TABLE No. 4.5 (C ontd...)

Percentage of area under differen t crops of the gross cropped a r e a o f t h e t a l u k a

(For over a decade 1980-81 to 1989-90)

T a l u k a C o t t o n O t h e r T o t a l G r o u n d n u t J a w a s S a f f l o w e r O t h e r T o t a l T o b a c c o f i b r e s f i b r e s o i l o i l s e e d s s e e d s ( 1 ) ( 2 2 ) ( 2 3 ) ( 2 4 ) ( 2 5 ) ( 2 6 ) ( 2 7 ) ( 2 8 ) ( 2 9 ) ( 3 0 ) t

A h m e d n a g a r 0 . 1 7 0 . 0 0 0. 1 7 0 . 7 6 0 . 0 9 6 . 9 2 0 . 3 7 8 . 1 5 0 . 0 0

R a h u r i 0 . 8 9 0 . 1 1 1 . 0 0 0 . 8 1 0 . 1 4 1 . 7 2 0 . 9 0 3 . 5 8 0 . 0 0

S h r i r a m p u r 0 . 5 8 0 . 5 1 1 . 1 0 0 . 4 1 0 . 1 4 1 . 3 0 0 . 8 1 2 . 6 7 0 . 0 0

N e w a s a 0 . 1 8 0.07 0.26 1.12 0 . 3 2 4 . 4 4 0 . 5 7 6 . 3 9 0 . 0 0

S h e v g a o n 0 . 8 6 0 . 0 3 0 . 9 0 0 . 4 7 0 . 2 6 4 . 7 5 0 . 9 3 6 . 4 3 0 . 0 0

P a t h a r d i 0 . 2 6 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 6 0 . 2 5 0 . 1 5 3 . 1 8 0 . 2 9 3 . 9 0 0 . 0 0

J a m k h e d 0.00 0.27 0.27 0 . 6 7 0 . 2 4 8 . 2 4 1 . 8 6 1 1 . 0 1 0 . 0 0

K a r j a t 0 . 1 0 0 . 0 4 0 . 1 4 0 . 5 6 0.08 6.70 0.77 8.12 0.00

S h r i g o n d a 0 . 1 6 0 . 0 0 0. 1 6 1. 14 0.03 0.70 0.10 7.97 0 . 0 0

E a r n e r 0 . 0 6 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 6 0.63 0.03 5.48 0.13 6 . 2 7 -

A k o l a 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 1 0.02 2.62 0.00 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 9 3 . 7 2 0 . 0 0

S a n g a m n e r 0 . 2 8 0 . 0 2 0 . 2 8 1 . 9 2 0 . 0 1 0. 1 7 0 . 0 7 2 . 1 9 0 . 0 0

K o p a r g a o n 3 . 3 9 0 . 2 1 0 . 6 0 0 . 6 4 0.09 0.65 0.48 1.86 0 . 0 0 TABLE No. 4.5 (C ontd...)

Percentaifie of area under different, crops of the gross cropped area of the taluka

(For over a decade 1980-81 to 1989-90)

T a l u k a O t h e r T o t a l T o t a l Other jnisc, T o t a l Total gross d r u g s a n d d r u g s a n d f o d d e r n o n f o d n o n f o o d c r o p p e d n a r c o t i c s n a r c o t i c s c r o p s c r o p s c r o p s a r e a (1) ( 3 1 ) ( 3 2 ) ( 3 3 ) ( 3 4 ) ( 3 5 ) ( 3 6 )

Ahm edncigar 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 2.30 0.22 10.65 1 0 0 . 0 0

R a h u r i 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 3 . 1 4 0 . 8 4 8 . 7 1 1 0 0 . 0 0

S h r i r a m p u r 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 4.12 0.59 8.50 1 0 0 . 0 0

N e w a s a 0 . 0 0 0.00 1.18 0.31 8.15 1 0 0 , 0 0

S h e v g a o n 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 1 . 0 2 0 . 2 5 8 . 6 2 1 0 0 . 0 0

P a t h a r d i 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 1 . 3 4 0 . 1 3 5 . 6 5 1 0 0 . 0 0

J a m k h e d 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 5 . 3 7 0 . 4 5 1 7 , 1 3 1 0 0 . 0 0

K a r j a t 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 2 . 4 4 0 . 2 3 10.95 100.00

S h r i g o n d a 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 7 7 0.04 8.95 100.00

P a r n e r - 5 . 8 5 0 . 1 5 1 2 . 3 3 1 0 0 . 0 0

A k o l a 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 48.55 0.32 52.61 1 0 0 , 0 0

S a n g a m n e r 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 1 4.31 0.22 7.01 1 0 0 . 0 0

K o p a r g a o n 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 2 4 . 2 5 0 . 4 5 7 . 3 2 1 0 0 , 0 0

ScHirce : D irectorate of Economics and S ta tistics : Socio-Econom ic Review and Diatrlct Statilatical Akatract Qi Ahmednagar Piatrict : 188Q.r81 to 1989-90. Government of H aharashtra, Bombay,

Note: 1. Total gross cropped area is the total of area cropped more than once and total net area under crops. 2. Other pulses includes math, kulith and udid e t c . 3 . Total condiments and spices includes ch illies, coriander seed, garlic, etc 4. Other o il seeds includes sunflower, sesame, nigerseed, etc. 5. Percentages for the decade are calculated by the researcher.

84 TABLE Ho. 4 .7 Rankins of talukas according to area under specific crops of the gross cropped area of that taluka. (For over a decade 1981-90)

Talukas and % of area under specific crop of the gross cropped area of that taluka N o . C r o p 1 1

1. R i c e A k o l a S a n g a n m e r K o p a r g a o n J a m k h e d S h r i r a m p u r K a r j a t S h r i g o n d a (8.00) ( 0 . 2 5 ) (0.20) (0.20) ( 0 . 1 5 ) ( 0 . 1 4 ) (0,11)

2. W h e a t R a h u r i K o p a r g a o n S h r i r a m p u r N e w a s a S h e v g a o n A h m e d n a g a r S h r i g o n d a ( 1 0 . 5 3 ) ( 9 . 0 2 ) ( 8 . 0 6 ) ( 6 . 5 1 ) ( 4 . 2 1 ) ( 4 . 0 2 ) ( 3 . 3 6 )

3 . J o w a r S h r i g o n d a K a r j a t A h m e d n a g a r J a m k h e d P a r n e r N e w a s a S h r i r a m p u r ( 7 7 . 1 2 ) ( 7 3 . 2 3 ) ( 6 7 . 8 6 ) ( 6 4 . 8 3 ) ( 4 9 . 5 7 ) ( 4 9 . 5 0 ) ( 4 4 . 0 7 )

4 . B a j r a S a n g a n m e r P a t h a r d i S h e v g a o n P a r n e r K o p a r g a o n A k o l a N e w a s a ( 5 8 . 6 2 ) ( 4 4 . 3 0 ) ( 3 2 . 6 1 ) ( 2 5 . 7 8 ) (22.21) ( 2 1 . 6 7 ) ( 1 8 . 8 8 )

(A) T o t a l P a t h a r d i S h r i g o n d a S a n g a m n e r A h m e d n a g a r K a r j a t S h e v g a o n P a r n e r c e r e a l s ( 8 6 . 5 6 ) ( 8 2 . 9 9 ) ( 7 9 . 5 6 ) ( 7 9 . 3 7 ) ( 7 9 . 2 9 ) ( 7 8 . 2 7 ) ( 7 7 . 4 9 )

5 . G r a m R a h u r i K o p a r g a o n N e > « a s a S h e v g a o n S h r i r a m p u r A h m e d n a g a r J a m k h e d ( 2 . 7 1 ) ( 2 . 4 8 ) ( 2 . 3 3 ) ( 2 . 0 9 ) ( 1 . 9 0 ) ( 1 . 6 9 ) ( 1 . 3 0 )

6. T u r J a m k h e d S h e v g a o n A h m e d n a g a r P a r n e r P a t h a r d i S h r i r a m p u r N e w a s a ( 2 . 3 9 ) ( 1 . 8 7 ) ( 1 . 3 0 ) ( 1 . 2 9 ) (1.22) ( 1 . 0 3 ) ( 0 . 8 9 )

7 . Muns J a m k h e d P a r n e r S h e v g a o n A h m e d n a g a r S a n g a m n e r N e w a s a P a t h a r d i ( 1 . 7 4 ) ( 1 . 5 9 ) ( 1 . 3 3 ) ( 1 . 2 8 ) (1.22) ( 0 . 8 7 ) ( 0 . 8 3 )

(B) T o t a l J a m k h e d S h e v g a o n Pamer Karjat A h m e d n a g a r P a t h a r d i S a x i g a m n e r P u l s e s ( 8 . 9 5 ) ( 8 . 6 0 ) ( 8 . 5 2 ) (7.39) (6.76) ( 6 . 0 0 ) ( 5 . 5 6 )

(C) T o t a l P a t h a r d i S h r i g o n d a Karjat A h m e d n a g a r P a r n e r S a n g a m n e r Food grains ( 9 2 . 5 6 ) ( 8 7 . 0 2 ) ( 8 6 . 8 7 ) (86.68) (86.13) ( 8 6 . 0 1 ) ( 8 5 . 1 2 ) ( A + B)

9 . S u g a r c a n e Rahuri Newasa Shevgaon S h r i g o n d a ( 1 8 . 6 2 ) ( 1 6 . 9 5 ) (12,56) (10.60) ( 5 . 9 4 ) ( 3 , 7 6 ) ( 2 . 5 8 )

1 0 . F r u i t s a n d Kopargaon Shevgaon Akola S h r i r a m p u r S h r i g o n d a R a h u r i V e g e t a b l e s (1.72) (1.67) (1.24) (1.08) ( 1 . 0 4 ) ( 1 . 0 3 ) ( 0 . 7 5 )

(D) Total Food Pathardi S a n g a m n e r K o p a r g a o n N e w a . s a Shrireunpur R a h u r i S h e v g a o n C r o p s ( 9 4 . 3 4 ) ( 9 2 . 9 9 ) ( 9 2 . 9 5 ) ( 9 1 . 8 4 ) ( 9 1 . 5 0 ) ( 9 1 . 3 7 ) ( 9 1 . 3 7 )

1 1 . C o t t o n R a h u r i S h e v g a o n Shrirampur Kopargaon Pathardi S a n g a m n e r N e w a s a ( 0 . 8 9 ) ( 0 . 8 6 ) (0.58) (0.39) (0.26) ( 0 . 2 6 ) ( 0 . 1 8 )

( C o n t d . . . )

m TABLE No. 4.7 (Contd...) Ranking of talukas according to area under specific crops of the gross cropped area of that taluka. {For over a decade 1 9 8 1 - 9 0 )

Talukas and % of area under specific crop of the gross cropped area of that taluka N o . C r o p 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3

1 . ' K i c e Shevgaon Rahuri Ahinednagar P a t h a r d i N e w a s a P a r n e r (0.07) (0.07) (0.06) ( 0 . 0 3 ) ( 0 . 0 1 ) ( 0 . 0 1 )

2 . W h e a t Sangajjinex- Karjat Jamkhed P a t h a r d i P a r n e r A k o l a (2,89) (2.50) ( 2 . 4 8 ) (2.30) (1.90) ( 1 . 2 5 )

3 . J o w a r Bahuri Kopargaon Shevgaon Pathardi Sangamner A k o l a ( 4 2 . 6 1 ) (41.44) (40.99) ( 3 9 . 6 0 ) ( 1 7 . 4 7 ) ( 3 . 9 4 )

4 . B a j r a S h r i r a m p u r R a h u r i Alunednagar J a m k h e d K a r j a t S h r i g o n d a ( 1 5 , 8 6 ) (13.00) (7.17) (3.96) ( 3 . 0 1 ) ( 2 . 1 3 )

(A) T o t a l Nevfasa Kopargaon Jamkhed S h r i r a m p u r R a h u r i A k o l a C e r e a l s ( 7 6 . 2 6 ) (73.84) (72.12) ( 6 8 . 9 2 ) ( 6 6 . 8 1 ) ( 3 9 . 6 6 )

5 . G r a m Pathardi K a r j a t S a n g a m n e r A k o l a P a r n e r (1.13) (1.05) ( 0 . 9 3 ) (0.90) (0.81) ( 0 . 6 4 )

6 . T u r R a h u r i Karjat Sangamner Kopargaon Shrigonda A k o l a ( 0 . 8 6 ) ( 0 . 8 1 ) (0.79) (0.46) ( 0 . 3 8 ) ( 0 . 2 6 )

7 . M u n g K a r j a t S h r i g o n d a Kopargaon Rahuri S h r i r a m p u r A k o l a ( 0 . 7 4 ) ( 0 . 4 8 ) (0.46) (0.31) ( 0 . 3 0 ) ( 0 . 1 9 )

(B) T o t a l Rahuri Newasa Kopargaon Akola Shrirampur S h r i g o n d a P u l s e s ( 5 . 0 2 ) ( 4 . 9 4 ) ( 4 . 4 6 ) ( 4 . 2 6 ) ( 4 . 2 5 ) ( 4 . 1 0 )

(C) T o t a l Jamkhed Newasa K o p a r g a o n S h r i r a m p u r R a h u r i A k o l a Food grains (81.07) (80.20) (78.30) (73.17) ( 7 1 . 8 3 ) ( 4 3 . 9 2 ) ( A + B)

9 . S u g a r c a n e A k o l a K a r j a t A h m e d n a g a r P a t h a r d i Jamkhed Parner ( 2 . 1 7 ) ( 1 . 5 8 ) ( 1 . 2 3 ) (1.19) (0.65) ( 0 . 2 6 )

1 0 . F r u i t s a n d Ahinednagar Newasa J a m k h e d Shevgaon Karjat P a t h a r d i V e g e t a b l e s (0.67) (0.64) ( 0 . 5 8 ) ( 0 . 5 4 ) ( 0 . 4 3 ) ( 0 . 4 1 )

(D) T o t a l F o o d S h r i g o n d a K a r j a t A h m e d n a g a r Parner Jamkhed A k o l a C r o p s (91.05) (89.12) (88.29) (87.67) (82.86) ( 4 7 . 3 9 )

1 1 . C o t t o n Alunednagar S h r i g o n d a Karjat Parner A k o l a J a m k h e d ( 0 . 1 7 ) ( 0 . 1 6 ) ( 0 . 1 0 ) ( 0 . 0 6 ) ( 0 . 0 1 ) ( 0 . 0 0 )

( C o n t d . . . ) TABLE No. 4.7 (C ontd...)

Ranking of talukas according to area under specific crops of the gross cropped area of that taluka. (For over a decade 1 9 8 1 - 9 0 )

Talukas and % of area under specific crop of the gross cropped area of that taluka N o . C r o p 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1 2 Groundnut Akola S a n g a m n e r S h r i g o n d a N e w a s a R a h u r i A h m e d n a g a r J a m k h e d ( 2 . 6 2 ) ( 1 . 9 2 ) ( 1 . 1 4 ) (1.12) (0.81) ( 0 . 7 6 ) ( 0 . 6 7 )

1 3 . S a f f l o w e r J a m k h e d A h m e d n a g a r K a r j a t S h r i g o n d a P a r n e r S h e v g a o n N e w a s a ( 8 . 2 4 ) ( 6 . 9 2 ) (6.70) (6.70) ( 5 , 4 8 ) ( 4 . 7 5 ) ( 4 . 4 4 )

(E) T o t a l J a m k h e d A h m e d n a g a r K a r j a t S h i r g o n d a Shevgaon Newasa P a r n e r O i l S e e d s ( 1 1 . 0 1 ) ( 8 . 1 5 ) ( 8 . 1 2 ) ( 7 . 9 7 ) ( 6 . 4 3 ) ( 6 . 3 9 ) ( 6 . 2 7 )

(F) T o t a l A k o l a J a m k h e d P a r n e r A h m e d n a g a r K a r j a t S h r i g o n d a R a h u r i n o n f o o d ( 5 2 . 6 1 ) (17.14) (12.33) ( 1 1 . 7 1 ) ( 1 0 . 8 8 ) ( 8 . 9 5 ) ( 8 . 6 3 ) c r o p s

(Contd...) TABLE Mo. 4.7 (Contd...)

R a n k i n g o f talukas according to area under specific crops of the gross cropped area of that t a l u k a . (For over a decade 1 9 8 1 - 9 0 )

Talukas and % of area under specific crop of the gross cropped area of that taluka N o . C r o p i 9 1 0 1 1 m

1 2 G r o u n d n u t Kopargaon Parner Karjat S h e v g a o n S h r i r a m p u r P a t h a r d i ( 0 . 6 4 ) (0.63) (0.56) ( 0 . 4 7 ) ( 0 . 4 1 ) ( 0 . 2 5 )

1 3 . S a f f l o w e r Pathardi Rahuri Shrirampur K o p a r g a o n Sangamner Akola (3.18) (1.72) (1.30) (0.65) ( 0 . 1 7 ) ( 0 . 0 0 )

(E) Total Pathardi Akola Rahuri Shrirampur S a n g a m n e r K o p a r g a o n O i l S e e d s ( 3 , 9 0 ) id.72) ( 3 , 5 8 ) ( 2 , 6 7 ) ( 2 , 1 9 ) ( 1 . 8 6 )

(F) T o t a l S h e v g a o n S h r i r a m p u r Newasa Kopargaon S a n g a m n e r P a t h a r d i n o n f o o d ( 8 . 6 3 ) ( 8 . 5 0 ) ( 8 . 1 6 ) ( 7 . 0 5 ) ( 7 . 0 1 ) ( 5 . 6 6 ) c r o p s

Note : 1. This table is based on Table No. 4.5

2, Condiments and spices are categorised as food crops. However they were very n egligible in the d istrict, hence not considered.

3. Area under crop is shown in percentage of the gross cropped area of that taluka for over a decade.

i i It shows that, cropping pattern of tha district did not

drastically change during the decade. Area under bajra, tur,

total fruits and vegetables and other oilseeds increased

considerably during the latter half of the decade, besides,

there was a significant fall in the area under crops, such

as, mung, cotton, total fibers, jawas, safflower and tobac­

co.

Talukawise study of cropping pattern is essential to

find out the regional imbalance in agricultural development

of the district.

4,4 Talukawise cropping pattern of the district for the decade

1981-90

Talukawise cropping pattern (of the district) differs

from each other. Area under different crops in each taluka

is presented in Table No. 4.5. This table depicts an overall

picture of the cropping pattern prevailing in each taluka.

Table No. 4.6 gives a comparative analysis of taluka­

wise cropping pattern. In this Table, area under some impor­

tant crops is ranked according to its percentage of the

total gross cropped area of that taluka for over the decade.

It can reveal the characteristics of cropping pattern of

each taluka with the help of Table No. 4.5 to 4.7, as fol­

lows :

(1) Ahmednagar : In this taluka, area under jowar was the

largest. Bajra, safflower and wheat occupied major area

next to jowar. Jot^ar, bajra, safflower and wheat to­

gether occupied nearly 86 per cent of total gross

cropped area of the Ahmednagar taluka in the decade.

91 Cash crops like cotton, sugarcane, fruits and vegeta­

bles occupied very negligible area in the Ahmednagar

taluka.

(2) Rahuri : Jotf*ar, sugarcane, bajra and wheat were the

important crops of . Area under joif/ar was

the largest in the taluka followed by sugarcane, bajra

and wheat. These four major crops occupied about 85 per

cent of the gross cropped area of the taluka.

(3) Shrirampur : Jowar occupied 44 per cent gross cropped

area in this taluka, which was the largest. Jowar,

sugarcane, b a j r a and wheat were major crops of the

taluka during the decade. These four major crops of

this taluka together accounted for 85 per cent of the

total gross cropped area.

(4) Newasa : Jomar is the main crop of this taluka, fol­

lowed by bajra, sugarcane wheat and safflower. Area

under these five crops during the decade comprised

about 90 per cent of the total gross cropped area of

the taluka.

(5) Shevgaon : JoMar and bajra formed about three-fourth

part of the gross cropped area of the .

Jowar was the highest. Jowar, bajra, safflower, wheat

and sugarcane were major crops of the taluka, which

shared 86 per cent of the total gross cropped area of

the taluka during the decade.

(6) Pathardi : Area under bajra was the largest in Pathardi

taluka; similarly joi^ar was also equally important.

92 These two crops together accounted for 84 per cent of

the total gross cropped area of the taluka, Safflower

and wheat were the major crops next to jowar in this

taluka. (7) Jamkhed : Area under jowar was the largest in Jamkhed

taluka. Safflower, bajra and wheat were next to joi^ar

in cropping pattern. Area under jotvar was 64.73 per

cent, safflower 8.24, bajra 3.96 per cent and wheat

2.48 per cent during the decade in this taluka. JoMar

was the single largest crop of the .

Safflower was considerable, but bajra and wheat were

not very important crops of this taluka.

(8) Karjat : Cropping pattern of during the

decade was nearly the same as that of Jamkhed taluka.

Area under jowar was 73.23 per cent, safflower 6.70 per

cent followed by bajra 3.01 per cent and wheat 2.50 per

cent.

(9) Shrigonda : In this taluka, area under jowar was 77.12

per cent. It constituted nearly three-fourth of gross

cropped area of . Safflower occupied

6.70 per cent, wheat 3.36 per cent and sugarcane 2.58

per cent.

(10) Parner : Jomar and bajra were the major crops of Parner

taluka. Area occupied by these two crops was about 75

per cent, whereas, area under safflower was 5.48 per

cent. Other crops were negligible in this taluka during

the decade 1981-90.

(11) Akola : Cropping pattern of the Akola taluka is totally

93 different than other talukas of the district.

Bajra was the major food crop of the taluka, which constituted 21.67 per cent of the total gross cropped area. Rice was next to bajra which occupied 8 per cent area of the total gross cropped area. Area under jonar was near about 4 per cent, while other crops were negligible in this taluka. Cropping pattern of this taluka reveals three unique features as follows :

(a) Rice, next to bajra, was the second largest crop

of this taluka, which was very negligible in

other talukas of the district.

(b) Safflower, one of the prominent crops, ranking

fifth in the district did not reflect the Akola

taluka cropping pattern.

(c) Area under s/ari was the largest in Akola taluka in

comparison with the area under vari in the dis­

trict. No other taluka of the district was pro­

duced vari as Akola taluka. Area under vari was

1,02 per cent of the total gross cropped area of

the taluka during the decade.

Area under total food crops was 47.39 per cent of the total gross cropped area in this taluka during the decade 1981-90,

In this taluka, area under total non-food crops was 52.61 per cent of the total gross cropped area. Of which, area under total fodder crops was 48.55 per cent.

94 This is a unique example of such type of cropping

pattern in this district.

(12) Sangamner : Bajra had the largest area (58.62 per cent)

in this taluka, followed by jowar (17.47 per cent),

sugarcane (5.94 per cent) and wheat (2.89 per cent of

the total gross cropped area). These crops together

accounted for nearly 85 per cent of the total gross

cropped area. Total pulses, fruits and vegetables,

oilseeds and total non food crops comprised the remain­

ing area in the taluka during the decade 1981-90.

(13) Kopargaon : JoMar (41.44 per cent), bajra (22.21 per

cent), sugarcane (12.56 per cent) and wheat (9.02 per

cent) were the major crops of this taluka. Area under

these four crops was 85.23 per cent of the total gross

cropped area. It was further observed that, area under

jowar was nearly double than that under bajra.

4.5 Variations in area under crops

Yearly or seasonwise variations in area under crops are

responsible for shifts in agricultural production. The

study of variations in the area under different crops in

each taluka as well as at the district level will be helpful

to analyse the cropping pattern of the Ahmednagar district

for the decade. Figures of the Table No. 4.8 to 4,15 reveal

themselves about the changing cropping pattern. Study of

variations in the area under main crops of the district is

interesting from this point of view.

95 Year and percentage

Taluka 80-81 81-82 82-83 83-84 84-85 85-86 86-87 87-88 88-89 89-90

(2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) C9) (10) {ID (12)

Ahmednagar 13,. 05 11,.85 11..72 11,.67 12,. 14 11,.98 12,,09 12,.82 12., 11 11. 97

Rahur i 4,, 14 4,,65 5,. 10 4,,66 4,,73 4,,78 6., 04 3,,81 5.,25 5. 30

Shriram pur 4.,22 5,.29 5,, 17 4,,30 5,, 17 5,, 17 4,,38 5., 18 5,,07 5. 01

Newasa 9.,36 8,.88 9,. 16 9,.11 8,.84 7,.91 9,,87 7,.62 6,, 12 6.,94

Shevgaon 6.,01 6.,01 6,.24 5..68 5.,53 5,,45 5,,84 6,, 11 4,,78 5.. 50

P a th a rd i 7,,75 6,. 09 6,.29 6,. 44 6,.22 6,.88 6,.70 6,, 00 6,,03 5., 15

Jamkhed 8.,56 8,. 18 7,.86 7 ,.67 7 ,. 58 7 ,. 17 7,.90 10,, 03 8,.87 10,. 30

K a rja t 12. 88 12., 12 12,.46 12.,98 12,, 77 13,, 52 13.,91 14,,22 13,,94 13 .,36

Shrigonda 15. 37 14. 95 15,, 24 14,,78 14,,62 14,.60 14,. 48 16,. 00 16,. 14 16,. 00

P arner 11. 37 10., 54 10,.62 12 , 16 12,. 56 12,, 39 10,.90 11 .60 12 .00 11,.86

Akola 0. 02 1., 00 1,. 09 0,,51 0,,36 1,, 03 1,. 09 0,,30 0,.21 0,. 11

Sangamner 1 .96 5,, 20 4,.34 4,. 10 3,.66 3,.32 1..53 1,.67 1 .36 2,. 00

Kopargaon 5. 39 5,, 18 4,,68 5..93 5 .77 5 .77 5,.51 4 .60 6 .47 6 .43

Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics ; SociQ-Economic Review and District Statist_ical

Notes: 1. Talukawise percentages of area under jowar of the total area under jowar in the district for each year of the decade 1981-90 are calculated by the researcher.

2. Column 13 indicates average % of area under jowar in that taluka of the total area under jowar in the district for over a decade.

3. Percentages are not rounded up, hence totals do not add correctly. 4.5.1 Variations in area under j o M a r

In the period of decade 1981-90, jouar occu­

pied the largest area in Shrigonda taluka (77.12

per cent of its gross cropped area), whereas in

Akola taluka area under jowar was only 3.94 per

cent, which was the lowest in the district (Table

No. 4.7).

Table No. 4.1 and 4.2 exhibit that, the area

under joMar in the district reveals declining

trend as compared to base year 1960-61. While

considering the decade 1981-90 only. Table No. 4.4

exhibits an increasing trend up to 1985-86, but

latter on there was a slight decline in area under

jowar in the district as compared to base year

1980-81.

Jo»ar is extensively grown in almost all the

talukas of the district except Akola. Jowar crop

is used as human food and animal fodder. Jo^ar

is grown in both * kharif* and 'rabbi’ seasons in

the district.

Table No. 4.8 presents the talukawise varia­

tions in the percentage of the total area under

jowar in the district. There was an increasing

trend in Rahuri, Shrirampur and Karjat talukas,

whereas Ahmednagar, Newasa and Pathardi talukas

showed the declining trend in area under Jotvar in

the decade, as compared to base year 1980-81.

97 Year and percentage

Taluka 80-81 81-82 82-83 83-84 84-85 85-86 86-87 87-88 88-89 89-90

(2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12)

Ahmednagar 2.67 2.98 2.35 2.34 2. 17 2.39 2.38 3.72 3.77 4.00

Rahuri 3.98 2.40 1.80 3.28 2.73 2.94 3.98 4.42 3.93 3.68

Shrirampur 4.46 1.39 2.04 4.89 5.08 4.50 2.84 5. 04 4.67 4.93

Newasa 5. 18 7.03 5.75 5.45 5.28 6. 13 7.27 10. 05 10.52 9.74

Shevgaon 10.28 11.28 11.92 12.43 12.24 9.52 8.83 7.66 13.62 9.45

Pathardi 15.90 19. 40 18.92 17.44 19. 10 15. 41 16.25 15.56 14. 43 15.66

Jamkhed 1.02 2.00 1. 18 1. 18 1, 40 1,60 0.22 0. 44 1.27 1.91

Karjat 1. 18 1.10 0. 45 1.81 1, 59 1. 14 1.43 1.37 1.39 1.20

Shrigonda 0, 93 0. 81 0. 80 0.69 0.54 0, 66 1. 45 1.76 0.88 0.80

P arn er 14.60 16.97 16. 45 17.85 17 . 12 13.32 12.71 10.91 11.95 12.70

Akola 8.93 10.07 8 . 85 8.83 7 . 99 8. 56 7.95 6.93 4.47 4.68

Sangamner 28.76 22.89 26.68 21.00 21.88 24.27 25. 16 21.99 19.20 20.59

Kopargaon 2, 19 1.69 2.79 2.79 2.86 9,56 9.52 10. 15 10.02 10.64

Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics ; Socio-Economic Review and District Statistical Ab.strant of AhmRdnauar D i.strict ; 1980-81 to 1989-90.. Government of Maharashtra, Bombay.

Notes: 1. Talukawise percentages for each year of the decade are calculated by the researcher.

2. Column 13 indicates average percentage of area under bajra in that taluka of the total area under bajra in the district for over a decade 1981-90. 3. Percentages are not rounded up, hence totals do not add correctly. Similarly, area under jonar in Parner and Shrigon-

da talukas showed slight variations in the crop­

ping pattern.

4.5.2 Variations in area under bajra

Being one of the staple crops of this dis­

trict, bajra occupied the second largest area in

the district.

As compared with the base year 1960-61, the

area under bajra, though with some fluctuations,

has always remained high. Therefore, the overall

impression that researcher gets from the study of

bajra area is that of a upward movement.

Table No. 4.4 has presented the variations in

the area under bajra for the period 1981-90. The

table shows a rise in area under bajra between

1985-86 to 1989-90. Since 1981-82 to 1984-85

figures exhibit a general declining trend, though

some ups and downs are observed.

Table No. 4.7 has presented the ranking of

talukawise cropped area under bajra. It reveals

that, occupied the largest area

under bajra (58.62 per cent) of its gross cropped

area. Pathardi followed the Sangamner taluka with

44.30 per cent area under bajra out of its gross

cropped area, over the decade. There were six

talukas in the district which had more than 20 per

cent area under bajra of their total gross cropped

area.

99 TABLE No. 4 .1 0

Taiukawise percentage of the total area under wheat in the Aliinednagar d istrict (For 1980-81 to 1989-90)

Year and percentag'e Average ------for the No. Taluka 30-Sl 81-82 82-S3 83-84 84-85 85-86 86-87 87-88 88-89 89-90 decade

C D (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13)

(1) Ahmednagar 9,36 6,32 T.07 8.18 9.25 6,98 7,10 8.60 10.78 9.77 8.32

(2) Rahuri 11.75 12.73 10.52 13.90 13.31 11.57 10.64 26.08 14.51 11.58 13.84

(3) Shrirainpur 11.50 9,28 9.24 9.87 9.63 9.39 10.27 9.76 13.09 12.04 10.36

(4) Newasa 15.82 11.58 14.87 14.65 13.41 16.37 16.77 12.42 6.60 8,47 13.00

(5) Shevgaon 7,39 5.41 4.95 7,66 7.46 8,51 9.67 6.74 5.54 5.84 6.79

(6) Pathardi 5.32 5,49 5.21 4.34 2.22 3,08 2.68 3.42 5,84 4.49 4.26

(7) Jamkhed 3.89 1.72 3.48 4.02 6.69 3,00 5,60 3.31 3.53 2.72 3.72

(8) Karjat 4.92 7.54 7.23 4.24 5,00 5.52 3.11 3,75 4.47 5.22 5.20

(9) Shrigonda 6.59 5.53 6.40 7.62 6.60 9.89 9.67 7.17 9.93 8.51 7.65

(10) Earner 4.91 7,33 3.78 4.59 4.26 4.85 5.09 3.63 6.22 6.59 5.13

(11) Akola 1.54 1.83 1.03 1,07 1.87 1.38 1,57 1.98 5.73 3,50 2.13

(12) Sangainner 6.16 5,23 4.92 3.65 3.72 5.39 6.11 5.07 6.65 9,97 5.65

(13) Kopargaon 10.80 19.98 21,29 16.17 16.53 14.02 11.69 4.45 7.08 11.26 13.94

Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics : Socio-Economic Review and District Statistical Abstract of Aliinednagar District -- 1980-81 to 1989-90, Government of Maharashtra, Bombay.

Notes: 1. Talultawlse percentages for each year of t]ie decade are calculated by the researcher.

2. Column 13 indicates average percentage of area under wheat in that taluka of the total area under Wlieat in the district for over a decade 1981-90.

3. Percentages are not rounded up, hence totals do not add correctly.

100 Table No. 4.9 presents the percentages in

each taluka of the cropped area under bajra in the

district.

Though, Sangamner and Akola talukas are

climatically very suitable for cultivation of

bajra, it is observed that, in both the talukas

the area under bajra was declined as compared to

1980-81. Whereas, there was a considerable rise

under bajra area in Newasa and Kopargaon talukas,

especially during the second half of the decade.

4.5.3 Variations in area under wheat

The area statistics of wheat in general

showed an increasing trend in spite of fluctua­

tions during some years in the decade 1981-90.

(Please see Table no. 4.4). The overall impression

after the study of Table No. 4.6 and 4.7 is that,

wheat is not the major or significant crop of the

Ahmednagar district. Wheat occupied only 4.19 per

cent of the total gross cropped area of the dis­

trict.

Wheat occupied the largest area in Rahuri

taluka, that was 10.53 per cent of the total gross

cropped area of that taluka. It was the only

taluka in the district, which had more than 10 per

cent area under wheat in the decade 1981-90.

Table No. 4.10 presents talukawise analysis

of percentages of the total area under wheat in

101 the district. It is observed from this table that,

Rahuri, Shrirampur, Newasa and Kopargaon talukas

together had more than 50 per cent area of the

total area under wheat in the district. Area under

wheat in Akola taluka was negligible.

Table No. 4.1 shows that area under wheat in

the district was increased in 1980-81 and 1989-90

as compared to 1960-61 and 1970-71. Table No. 4.10

shows some fluctuations in area under wheat in

different talukas during the decade 1981-90, but

these variations were not significant.

4.5.4 Variations in area under total cereals

Table No. 4.4 shows that up to 1984-85 there

was a slightly declining trend in area under total

cereals, but latter on from 1985-86 to 1989-90

there was an increasing trend in the area under

total cereals as compared to base year 1980-81.

It may be discerned from the Table No. 4.7

that, in relation to each taluka’s total gross

cropped area, more area was devoted to the culti­

vation of cereals during 1981-90 in Pathardi

(86.56 per cent), Shrigonda (82.99 per cent),

Sangamner (79.56 per cent), Ahmednagar (79.37 per

cent), Karjat (79.29 per cent) Shevgaon (78.27 per

cent), Parner (77.49 per cent), Newasa (75.26 per

cent), Kopargaon (73.84 per cent) and Jamkhed

(72.12 per cent).

102 TABLE No. 4 .1 1

Talukawise percentage of the area under total pulses in the Ahniednagar d istrict (For 1980-81 to 1989-90)

Year and percentage Average ------fo r the No. Taluka 80-81 81-82 82-83 83-84 84-85 85-86 86-87 87-88 88-89 89-90 decade

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13)

(1) Ahniednagar 9.20 7.18 8.38 8.49 8.07 9.39 8.85 11.94 13.12 11.60 9.49

(2) Rahuri 2.87 6.26 5.65 4.83 5.48 2.45 3.40 5.10 4.86 3.90 4.48

(3) Shrirampar 2.84 2.96 2.50 3.72 3.6B 4.25 2.55 4,17 5.60 5.21 3.70

(4) Newa.5a 5.20 6.51 5.94 5.80 6.01 7.09 7.72 5.46 8.01 9.78 6.72

(5) Shevgaon 10,22 10.65 8.77 8.71 9.03 9.15 8.23 8.13 10.62 10.63 9.43

(6) Pathardl 10.00 8.03 8.69 7.97 8.10 6.22 4.78 5.35 7.67 8.56 7.57

(7) Jamkhed 9.79 7.83 6.94 12.17 12.07 10.64 10.30 9.09 6.32 6.49 9.14

(8) Karjat 10.31 10.67 11.57 11.24 11.63 10.60 10.23 10.62 9.05 8.61 10.46

(9) Shrigonda 6.40 6.67 5.32 6.70 6.01 6.68 7.32 8.00 5.14 5.04 6.34

(10) Parner 16.00 16.56 17.84 16.38 14.53 14.72 16.18 15.72 14.81 13.44 15.66

(11) Akola 5.13 5.39 5,60 5.42 5.90 5.67 5.09 4.25 3.18 3.72 4.94

(12) Sarigamner 8,11 6.06 7.30 5.4 4 5.61 7.90 10.04 7.48 8.04 7.82 7.38

(13) Kopargaon 3.86 5.22 5.49 3,12 3.86 5.23 5.29 4.68 4.58 5.58 4.69

Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics : Sj P.+ s. Government of M aharashtra, Bombay.

Notes: 1. Talukawise percentages for each year of the decade are calculated by the researcher.

2. Column 13 indicates average percetitage of area under total pulses in that taluka of the area under total pulses in the district for over a decade 1981-90.

3. Percentages are not rounded up. hence total;:; do not add correctly.

10: Qn the other hand, the proportion of the area

under cereals was relatively less in Shrirampur

(68.92 per cent), Rahuri (66.81 per cent) and

Akola (39.66 per cent).

Table No. 4.3 shows that jowar, bajra and

wheat were the main cereals grown in the district.

Variations during the decade in the area under

these crops are shown in Table No. 4.4.

4.5.5 Variations in area under total pulses

The index numbers and the talukawise pei—

centages of the total area under pulses in the

district for the period 1981-90 are presented in

Table No. 4.4 and 4.11.

The class of total pulses, it may be ob­

served, has registered decrease in area in the

decade as compared to 1980-81. Area under gram

showed an increasing trend, whereas area under tur

declined up to 1984-85, but it increased from

1985-86, Similarly, area under m u n g and other

pulses shows significant decrease throughout the

decade (please see Table No. 4.4).

As compared to 1980-81, increasing trend in

the area under pulses has been observed in the

Newasa taluka. In case of the Ahmednagar taluka

the area under pulses declined during the first

half of the decade while the same has increased

during the latter half, while in Shrirampur, the

104 TABLE No. 4.12

Talukawiae percentage of the to tal area under sugarcane in the Ahmednagar d istrict (For 1980-81 to 1989-90)

Year and percentage Average for the No. Taluka 80-81 81-82 82-83 83-84 84-85 85-86 86-87 87-88 88-89 89-90 decade

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13)

(1) Ahmednagar 2.30 2.34 1.95 2.14 1.96 2.18 2.47 1.68 1.51 1.88 2.05

(2) R a h u r i 19.61 19.88 20.56 19.84 21.75 23.02 15.85 18.33 20.09 17.85 19.76

(3) S h rira m p u r 21.22 20.13 19.32 21.00 21.33 17.13 15.57 14.22 12.88 10.75 17.58

(4) Newasa 17.42 17.67 16.90 14.96 16.30 15.72 14.13 19.95 15.39 21.66 17.11

(5) Shevgaon 4.05 4.11 4.69 4.02 3.46 3.62 4.47 4.34 6.69 9.03 4.89

(6) P a t h a r d i 1.93 1.96 2. 10 1.53 1.14 0.89 0.58 0.72 2.39 3.76 1.80

(7) Jam khed 0.76 0.77 0.75 0.96 0.67 0.75 1.03 0.48 0.95 0.81 0.79

(8) K a r ja t 2.87 2.90 2.82 2.23 2.11 2.44 3.57 3.10 2.90 1.97 2.66

(9) S h rig o n d a 3.65 2.36 3. 19 4.23 3.46 5.95 7.43 6.78 7.06 5.46 4.74

(10) P a rn e r 0.43 0.44 0.38 0.43 0.44 0.46 0.42 0.70 0.74 1. 16 0.56

(11) A k o la 2.03 2.08 2.36 2.60 1.61 3.13 3.87 4.35 4.96 3.97 2.99

(12) Sangam ner 7.83 7.93 7.32 9.38 9.84 8.12 11. 16 11.09 11.99 10.90 9.39

(13) K opargaon 15.88 17.45 17.64 16.70 15.93 16.61 19.45 14.25 12.45 10.78 15.68

Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics ; Socio-Economic Review and D istrict Statistical Abstract of Ahmednagar D istrict : 1980-81 to 1989-90. Government of Maharashtra, Bombay.

Note : 1. Talukawise percentages for each year of the decade are calculated by the researcher.

2. Column 13 indicates average percentage of area under total sugarcane in that taluka of the total area under sugarcane in the district for over a decade 1981-90.

3. Percentages are not rounded up, hence totals do not add correctly.

105 area under pulses with some exceptions (1982-83

and 1986-87) registered an increasing trend.

Remaining talukas showed fluctuations in the area

under total pulses (Table No. 4.11).

Area under pulses was not significant in the

district. It was only 6.16 per cent of the total

gross cropped area of the district in the decade

1981-90. Gram, tur and mung are the main pulses of

the district.

Total pulses occupied the largest area (15.66

per cent) in and lowest in Shriram-

pur taluka (3.70 per cent) of the total area under

pulses in the district during the decade 1981-90.

4.5.6 Variations in area under sugarcane

Table No. 4.4 and 4.12 gives the index of

area under sugarcane in the district and taluka-

wise percentage of the total area under sugarcane

in the district for the period 1980-81 to 1989-90.

Table No. 4.4 indicates that except the year

1982-83 the area under sugarcane in the district

was declining during the decade as compared to

area in 1980-81.

It is observed from Table No. 4.7 and 4.12

that cane was grown mainly in those talukas which

had good irrigation facilities. In other talukas

like Pathardi and Jamkhed, sugarcane was grown

mainly on wel1-irrigation which by its vary nature

106 TABLE No. 4.13

Talukawiae percentage of the total area under groundnut in the Ahmednagar d istrict (For 1980-81 to 1989-90)

Year and percentage Average for the No. Taluka 80-81 81-82 82-83 83-84 84-85 85-86 86-87 87-88 88-89 89-90 decade

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13)

(1) Ahmednagar 6.97 6.81 7.62 8.21 6.10 4.79 8.02 5.90 9.05 7.86 7.13

(2) Rahuri 4.22 5.81 2.06 5.85 6.30 1.36 5.00 5.70 6.68 5.87 5.84

(3) Shrirampur 3.48 3.40 2.70 2.47 1.94 1.62 1.40 1.96 1.74 2.01 2.27

(4) Newasa 11.71 11.43 10.59 12.86 16.31 12.89 4.72 3.21 4.72 9.76 9.82

(5) Shevgaon 4.48 4.51 4.96 1.78 2.99 3.20 3.83 3.37 2.03 2.76 3.39

(6) Pathardi 3.46 3.38 1.21 1.00 1.18 2.15 2.37 2.00 1.49 3.13 2.17

(7) Jamkhed 3.73 3.83 4.35 4.68 5.26 1.07 5.69 5.10 5.80 6.94 4.55 (8) Karjat 3.58 3.50 9.99 4.87 5.39 3.16 6.97 6.56 5.99 3.35 5.30

(9) Shrigonda 9.95 9.72 9.86 12.09 14.15 12.12 15.36 12.96 12.50 10.92 11.70

(10) Parner 7.23 7.06 7.25 6.58 6.81 7.27 7.35 11.88 10.98 5.88 7.24

(11) Akola 21.65 21.50 17.22 18.55 17.82 18.70 22.41 22.79 21.30 21.71 20.27 (12) Sangamner 15.26 14.89 17.68 18.19 13.46 29.01 13.25 15.60 15.50 17.55 16.97

(13) Kopargaon 4.26 4.16 4.52 2.86 2.28 2.66 3.63 2.96 15.50 2.27 4.47

Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics : Socio-Economic Review and District StatlatiGal Abstract of Ahmednagar District : 1980-81 to 1989-90. Government of Maharashtra, Bombay.

Note: (1) Column No. 13 indicates average percentage of area under groundnut in that taluka of the total area under groundnut in the district for over a decade.

(2) Average and percentages are calculated by the researcher.

(3) Percentages are not rounded up, hence totals do not add correctly.

107 develops very slowly. In the Rahuri (18.62 per

cent) Shrirampur (16.95 per cent), Kopargaon

(12.56 per cent) and Newasa (10,60 per cent)

talukas sugarcane occupied more than 10 per cent

of the gross cropped area of those talukas (Table

No. 4.7).

It may be observed from Table No. 4.12 that

area under sugarcane has increased in Shrigonda,

Akola and Sangamner talukas in the second half of

the decade as compared to 1980-81.

Area under sugarcane was much less in Parner

(0.56 per cent), Jamkhed (0.79 per cent) and

Pathardi (1.80 per cent) talukas as compared to

district area under sugarcane during the decade.

4.5.7 Variations in area under groundnut

Table No. 4.4 exhibits that except 1981-82,

index of area under groundnut in the district was

decreasing in the decade 1981-90 as compared to

area in 1980-81.

It would be observed from Table No. 4.7 that

only in the Akola taluka groundnut occupied more

than 2 per cent of the total gross cropped area

of that taluka. Whereas in the district only

Akola, Sangamner, Shrigonda and Newasa talukas had

more than one per cent area under groundnut of the

gross cropped area of those talukas.

Table No. 4.13 reveals that Akola taluka had

largest area (20.27 per cent) of the total area

108 TABLE No. 4 .1 4

Talukawise percentage of the total area under safflower in the Ahmednagar d istrict (For 1980-81 to 1989-90)

Year and percentage Average for the No. Taluka 80-81 81-82 82-83 83-84 84-85 85-86 86-87 87-88 88-89 89-90 decade

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13)

(1) Ahmednagar 15.19 14.43 15.35 16.24 10,69 16.80 18.00 14.56 7.95 12,85 14.49 (2) Rahuri 2.29 2.27 3.09 2.91 2.87 2.63 1.77 0.38 3.16 1.18 2.29

(3) Shrirampur 1.27 1.51 1.69 1.23 2,01 1.78 1.81 1.21 2.28 2.77 1.71

(4) Newasa 7.11 8.19 8.06 8.63 8,39 8.33 10.60 13.86 8.86 8.85 9.02

(5) Shevgaon 6.33 7.77 5.99 7.50 8.15 8.03 8.50 8.77 8.58 9.43 7.79

(6) Pathardi 5.67 4.76 5.18 5.35 5.64 7.01 7.44 7.17 6.62 5.90 6. 07

(7) Jamkhed 13.96 10.35 12,23 14.46 13.04 12.38 14.22 17.01 5.96 9.06 12.55

(8) Karjat 14.46 15.60 14.27 13.70 15.02 13.80 12.02 12.77 16.98 13,26 14.18

(9) Shrigonda 15.42 18.86 17.70 13.85 16.49 12.26 11.30 12.34 18.74 19.15 15.49 (10) Parner 16.67 14.70 14.54 15.15 15.62 15.41 13.13 11.00 19.25 16.56 15.04

(11) Akola Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil (12) Sangamner 0.29 0.71 0.47 0.43 0.41 0.17 0.17 0.24 0.19 0.12 0.34

(13) Kopargaon 1.33 0.85 1.42 0.52 1.65 1.38 1.04 0.68 0.19 0.85 1.03

Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics : Socio-Economic Review and DiatrlctStatistical Abstract of Ahmednagar District ; 1980-81 tg 1989-90. Government of Maharashtra, Bombay.

Note: (1) Column No. 13 indicates average percentage of area under safflower in that taluka of the total area under safflower in the district for over a decade.

(2) Average and percentages are calculated by the researcher. (3) Percentages are not rounded up, hence totals do not add correctly.

109 under groundnut in the district during the decade

which followed by Sangamner (16.97 per cent),

Shrigonda (11.70 per cent) and Newasa taluka (9.82

per cent). It may be observed that Pathardi (2.17

per cent) and Shrirampur (2.27 per cent) talukas

had lowest area of the total area under groundnut

in the district.

Except 1982-83 to 1985-86, area under ground­

nut remained nearly constant in Akola taluka,

whereas in Shrigonda it shows improving trend from

1983-84. Area under groundnut decreased in Pat-

hardi, Shevgaon, Newasa and in

the latter half of the decade as compared to area

in 1980-81.

4.5.8 Variations in area under safflower

Table No. 4.4 shows that index of area under

safflower in the district was decreased from

1984-85 as compared to base year 1980-81.

It would be observed from Table No. 4.14 that

area under safflower was increasing with some

exceptions in Newasa and Shevgaon talukas during

the decade.

Area under safflower shows increasing trend

in the latter half of the decade in Pathardi and

Shevgaon talukas as compared to 1980-81. Area

under safflower was very negligible in Sangam­

ner (0.34 per cent), Kopargaon (1.03 per cent).

110 TABLE No. 4.15

Talukawise percentage of the area under total oilseeds in the Ahmednagar d istrict (For 1980-81 to 1989-90)

Year and percentage Average for the No. Taluka 80-81 81-82 82-83 83-84 84-85 85-86 86-87 87-88 88-89 89-90 decade

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13)

(1) Ahmednagar 12.72 12.52 13.66 13.91 9.44 13.56 13.68 12.00 9.35 10.30 12.23 (2) Rahuri 3.32 2.93 2.93 5.01 3.45 2.96 2.75 2.26 5.28 3.67 3.42

(3) Shrirampur 1.85 2.19 2.03 1.66 2.43 2.15 2.57 2.75 3.57 4.54 2.57 (4) Newasa 8.20 9.70 9.03 9.98 10.04 9.23 8.59 11.10 7.14 9.55 9.29

(5) Shevgaon 6.58 7.83 6.60 7.15 8.24 8.08 8.16 8.26 6.87 7.64 7.55

(6) Pathardi 6.23 4.89 4.42 4.59 4.63 5.87 6.14 5.89 4.88 5.00 5,26

(7) Jamkhed 11.49 9.53 10.56 12.43 12.42 12.00 17.76 15.88 8.28 8.86 12.01 (8) Karjat 11.52 12.86 13. 17 11.70 13.50 12.08 11.04 11.63 14.86 10.60 12.30

(9) Shrigonda 13.22 16.29 15.77 12.65 14.45 10.80 10.28 10.47 13.34 14.62 13.20

(10) Parner 13.64 12.55 12.75 12.80 12.90 12.65 10.43 10.20 13.71 11.65 12.34

(11) Akola 5.93 3.80 3. 17 3.41 4.23 4.44 4.49 5.11 6.01 6.40 4.62 (12) Sangamner 3.26 3.27 3.67 3.49 2.46 4.28 1.84 2.44 2.93 3.49 3.11

(13) Kopargaon 2.04 1.63 2.24 1.21 1.81 1.86 2.27 1.98 2.92 3.65 2.10

Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics ; Socio-Economic Review and Diatrlct Statistical Abstract of Ahmednagar District : 1980-81 to 1989-90. Government of Maharashtra, Bombay.

Note: (1) Column No. 13 indicates average percentage of area under total oilseeds in that taluka of the total area under oilseeds in the district for over the decade.

(2) Average and percentages are calculated by the researcher.

(3) Percentages are not rounded up, hence totals do not add correctly.

I l l Shrirampur (1.71 per cent) and Rahuri talukas

(2.29 per cent) as compared to district area under

safflower over a decade. Whereas area under

safflower in Akola taluka was nil in the decade,

(Table No.4.14).

Table No. 4.7 shows that, Jamkhed (8.24 per

cent), Ahmednagar (6.92 per cent), Karjat (6.70

per cent), Shrigonda (6.70 per cent) and Parner

(5.48 per cent) talukas had more than 5 per cent

area under safflower of the total gross cropped

area of those talukas. Other talukas of the

district had less than 5 per cent area under

safflower to their total gross cropped area over

the decade 1981-90.

4.5.9 Variations in area under total oilseeds

Table No. 4.4 exhibits that, except 1981-82

area under total oilseeds in the district was

decreasing during the decade as compared to base

year 1980-81.

It would be observed from Table No. 4.7 that

area under total oilseeds was the largest in

Jamkhed taluka (11.01 per cent of its total gross

cropped area), which followed by Ahmednagar (8.15

per cent), Karjat (8.12 per cent), Shrigonda (7.97

per cent), Shevgaon (6.43 per cent), Newasa (6.39

per cent) and Parner (6.27 per cent). Remaining

talukas had less than 4 per cent area under total

oilseeds of their total gross cropped area during

112 TABLE No. 4.16 Production of principal crops in Ahmednagar district. (1980-81 to 1989-90). ('00 tonnes)

Year

No. Crop 80-81 81-82 82-83 83-84 84-85 85-86 86-87 87-88 88-89 89-90

1 . Rice 154 100 103 118 90 64 71 81 81 98

2 . Wheat 749 804 734 1071 857 599 404 481 1016 898

3 . Jowar 2804 1843 2369 2256 3747 1791 1137 3130 2865 2775

4. Ba jra 1484 789 839 1679 1021 378 399 683 1186 1770

5. Maize 70 32 62 40 40 27 57 44 49 32

Total cereals 5349 3661 3665 5598 5841 2943 2127 4518 5301 5661

6. Gram 93 102 73 140 163 111 75 184 322 185

7 . Tur 57 55 33 72 69 43 14 32 48 73

8. Udid 8 8 3 5 1 3 8 3 2 4 9. Mung 16 17 6 42 18 24 62 19 33 97

Total pulses 207 211 128 303 286 206 230 286 448 412

10. Jawas (linseed) 9 6 6 9 16 11 8 11 6 7

11. Sesame 6 7 6 7 6 5 5 2 11 4

12. Groundnut (Pod) 145 99 193 111 367 46 62 190 630 569

13. Gul (Jaggery) 5791 6030 6444 5944 5320 4549 3681 3891 3517 4381

14 . Cotton 181 88 55 17 23 20 8 1 2 20

15. Sunnhemp (tag) _ 1 1 1 - 3 3 1 - -

16. Mesta (Arabadi) 5 4 4 6 5 5 7 6 - 4

17. Tobacco 1 1 1 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 18 . Chillis 39 39 36 47 37 37 40 38 - 26

Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics SQclo-Economlc Beview and District Statistical Abstract of Aliinediiagar District : 1980-81 ■to 1989-90. Government of Maharashtra, Bombay. Note: (1) Cotton production in terms of bales of 170 kgs. each. (2)'Gul' is the production of sugarcane crop.

113 the decade 1981-90.

It may be observed from Table No. 4,15 that

area under total oilseeds showed increasing trend

in Shrirampur taluka in the second half of the

decade. It is also observed that area under total

oilseeds was significantly decreased in the last

two years of the decade in the Ahmednagar and

Jamkhed talukas as compared to area in 1980-81.

4.6 Yield rates per hectare and production of main crops in

Ahmednagar district

Table No. 4.16 presents the production of main crops of

the district for 1981-90. This table exhibits that :

(1) Production of the rice showed decreasing trend through­

out the decade as compared to 1980-81. It was signifi­

cantly decreased from 1984-85.

(2) Production of the wheat decreased in 1985-86 to 1987-

88, whereas, it increased in 1983-84 and 1988-89,

except these it shows nearly constant trend as compared

to base 1980-81.

(3) Production of the jowar shows fluctuations during the

decade. It was the highest in 1987-88, i.e. 3,13,000

tonnes and lowest in 1986-87, i.e. 1,13,700 tonnes.

(4) Production of the bajra also shows fluctuations during

the decade. It decreased in 1981-82 and 1982-83 as well

as 1984-85 to 1988-89 as compared to production of

1980-81. Production of the bajra was the highest in the

last year of the decade i.e. 1,77,000 tonnes.

114 (5) Production of the total cereals was significantly

decreased in 1981-82 and 82-83 as well as in 85-86 and

1986-87.

(6) Among the cereals, jowar had the highest production

(55.34 per cent) out of the production of the total

cereals of the district during decade 1981-90, which

was followed by, bajra (22.90 per cent), wheat (17.05

per cent) and rice (2.14 per cent),

(7) Among the pulses, gram had the highest production

(53.29 per cent) out of the production of the total

pulses of the district during the decade 1981-90, which

was followed by, tur (18.26 per cent), mung (12.29 per

cent) and udid (1.66 per cent).

(8) Data of production of safflower, sunflower, niger etc,

is not available. Among other oilseeds groundnut (pods)

had 2,41,200 tonnes of production over a decade, sesame

(til) had 5900 tonnes, linseed (jawas) had 8,900 tonnes

production during the decade.

(9) Production of mesta (ambadi) and sunnhemp (tag) was

negligible in the district. Production of cotton shows

significant decreasing trend during the decade as

compared to base 1980-81. It had production of 181

bales in 1980-81 which was 8 bales in 86-87, one bale

in 87-88 and 20 bales in 1989-90.

Table No. 4.17 exhibits that, production of rice, wheat

and b a j r a had increased in 1980-81 as compared to

1960-61, whereas production of tur, gram and cotton

decreased in 1980-81 as compared to 1960-61.

115 TABLE Mo. 4 .1 7

Yield rates pei" hectare and production of main crops in Ahmednagar d istrict.

Yield rate in kg. per hectare Production in '00 tonnes I'JU# -— 1960-61 70-71 80-81 89-90 Average 60-61 70-71 80-81 89-90 Average

1. Rice 931 775 1878 1556 1397 93 62 154 98 96

2. Wheat 364 521 1115 1163 1154 183 243 749 898 761.3

3. Jowar 466 174 520 478 431.7 3124 905 2804 2775 2471.7

4. Bajra 260 339 451 555 335.3 605 1218 1484 1770 1022.8

* Total cereals 417 N.A. 557 567 455.6 4078 N.A. 5349 5661 4466.4

5. Gram 441 312 419 576 471.7 131 63 93 185 144.8

6. Tur 529 N.A. 449 471 409.3 75 N.A. 57 73 49.6

7. Mung N.A. N.A. 178 447 295.6 N.A. N.A. 16 97 33.4

* Total pulses 280 N.A. 243 540 372.9 287 N.A. 207 412 271.7 8 . Groundnut (Pod) 522 538 873 1654 1085.5 164 150 145 569 241.2

9. Sugarcane 10589 7898 7890 9757 8332.5 3825 4115 5791 4381 4954.8

10. Cotton 1002 53 265 300 225.4 325 30 181 20 41.5

Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics : SQcio-Economlc__Review and District StatiatJ.cal Abstract of Ahmednagar District : 1981-82 to 1989-90. Government of Maharashtra, Bombay.

Notes: (1) Average figures are calculated by the researcher on the basis of data given in Table No. 4.16 and 4.18. Average means per year average for the decade 1981-90. (2) For sugarcane production is in 'gul'(jaggery). (3) Cotton production in terms of 'bales', of 170 Kgs. each. (4) Average figures are not rounded up by the researcher. (5) N.A. = Not available

116 TABLE No. 4 .1 8

Yield rates per hectare of principal crops of Ahmednagar district (1980-81 to 1989-90)

Year and yield rate per hectare No Crop 80-81 81-82 82-83 83-84 84-86 85-86 86-87 87-88 88-89 89-90

1 . Rice 1878 1250 1493 1735 1406 955 1014 1286 1397 1556

2 . Vnieat 1115 1132 1150 1309 1200 1111 973 1050 1337 1163

3 . Jowar 520 325 376 447 638 300 203 518 512 478

4. Ba jra 451 251 478 491 307 131 140 216 333 555

5. Other cereals 578 727 N. A. 805 523 424 500 673 546 1167

Total cereals 557 377 410 550 577 307 234 457 520 567

6. Gram 419 394 327 645 553 388 262 475 678 576

7 . Tur 449 487 493 537 507 377 123 296 353 471

8. Mung 178 270 273 372 305 245 375 250 241 447

9. Other pulses 86 107 136 358 395 225 181 204 209 930

Total pulses 243 289 314 458 482 331 257 350 465 540

10 . Groundnut 873 582 1021 816 1428 575 826 1275 1805 1654

11 Jawas 300 188 188 231 356 275 307 367 285 304

12 . Cotton 265 207 260 145 206 309 194 250 118 300

13 . Sugarcane 7890 7110 8106 7925 7870 10754 6741 9752 7420 9757

Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics : Socio-J Abstract of Ahmednagar District : 1981-_B2 to I9.8..9-9Q. Government of Maharashtra, Bombay. Note : Yield rates per year per hectare are in kilograms.

117 TABLE No. 4.19 Index numbers of yield per hectare of some important crops

Yield rate per hectare o r . u r up No. 1980-81 81-82 82-83 83-84 84-85 85-86 86-87 87-88 88-89 89-90

1 . R ice 10 0 .0 0 66.56 79.49 92.38 74.86 50.85 53.99 68.47 74.38 82.85 2. Wheat 100.00 101.52 103.13 117.39 107.62 99.64 8 7.26 94. 17 119.91 10 4 .30 3. Jowar 100.00 62.50 72.30 85.96 122.69 57.69 39.03 99.61 98.46 91 .92 4. 8aj ra 100.00 55.65 105.98 108.86 68.07 29.04 31.04 47.89 73.83 123.05 5. Other cereals 100.00 125.77 N. A. 1 39 .2 7 90.48 73.35 86.50 116.43 94.46 2 0 1 .9 0

Total cereals 100.0 0 67.6 8 7 3.6 0 98.74 103.59 55. 11 4 2.01 82.04 93.35 101.79

6. Gram 10 0 .0 0 94.03 78.04 153.93 131.98 92.60 62.52 113.36 161.81 1 3 7 .4 7 7. Tur 100.00 108.46 109.79 119.59 112.91 83.96 2 7 .3 9 65.92 78.61 104.89 8. Mung 100.00 156.68 153.37 208.98 171.34 137.64 210.67 140.44 135.39 251.12 9. Other pulses 100.00 124.41 158.13 416.27 459.30 261.62 210.46 237.20 243.02 1081.39

Total pulses 100.00 118.93 129.21 188.47 198.35 136.21 105.76 144.03 191.35 222.22

10. Groundnut 1 00.0 0 66.66 116.95 93.47 163.57 65.86 94.61 146.04 2 0 6 .7 5 189.46 11 . Jawas 100.00 62.66 62.66 77.00 118.66 91 .66 1 0 2 .3 3 1 2 2 .3 3 95.00 101.33 12. Cotton 100.00 78. 11 98. 11 54.71 7 7 .7 3 116.60 73.20 94.33 44.52 1 1 3.2 0 13. Sugarcane 100.0 0 90. 11 102.73 100.44 99.74 136.29 85.43 123.59 94.04 123.66

Note (1) 1980-81 is the base year. (2) Indices are calculated by the researcher on the basis of the figures given in the Table No. 4.18 __ The yearly yield rates of the important crops and their

indices with the base 1980-81 are presented in Table No.

4.18 and 4.19 respectively.

An examination of these Tables suggests that except

mung and other pulses, all other crops did not show continu­

ous increasing trend. Yield rate per hectare and their

indices of many of the crops shows the ups and downs in the

decade.

4.7 Locational aspect of cropping pattern

No doubt, cropping pattern has greater importance in

the study of agricultural development.

Statistics, that the researcher has presented in Table

No. 4.5 to 4.15 shows talukawise differences in the agricul­

tural prosperity. Of course, there were talukawise varia­

tions in the area, production, etc. These differences aris­

ing mainly from the extent of irrigation, soil conditions,

technological progress of the area, other infrastructural

facilities available in the area, etc. From the observation

of above tables it can be concluded that the talukas which

are receiving perennial irrigation facility can grow more

remunerative crops and can also obtain higher yields.

After examining all the Tables, it would be observed

that, the district may be subdivided into following groups :

(1) Rahuri, Shrirampur, Kopargaon and Newasa talukas form

the sugarcane tract. The agricultural economy of these

talukas was dominated by valuable crop like sugarcane.

From the point of view of agricultural economy, these

119 talukas are found the richest in the district.

(2) Pathardi, Shrigonda, Shevgaon, Karjat, Ahmednagar,

Parner, Sangamner and Jamkhed form the second group. A

higher proportion of total foodgrain crops in compari­

son with the first group is its characteristic feature.

The cropping pattern was characterised by higher per­

centage of cereals and pulses.

(3) Cropping pattern of the Akola taluka is totally diffei—

ent from the above two groups. Cropping pattern of this

taluka was characterised by high percentage of total

nonfood crops (over 52 per cent).

Marketing takes place after the production of agricul­ tural commodities. Marketing of agricultural produce is also an important contributory factor in the overall development of agriculture and agro-based industries. Therefore, emphasis is laid on the analysis of agricultural marketing in the Ahmednagar district. The details of this aspect are dealt with in the fifth chapter.

120 REFERENCES:

1. Bapat, N.G. : Economic Development of Ahmednagar District. Progressive Corporation Pvt. Ltd., Bombay. 1973. p.75.

121