4G Wireless Wide Area Network Keywords, Glossary & Links
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Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) Technologies
CHAPTER21 Chapter Goals • Identify and discuss different types of digital subscriber line (DSL) technologies. • Discuss the benefits of using xDSL technologies. • Explain how ASDL works. • Explain the basic concepts of signaling and modulation. • Discuss additional DSL technologies (SDSL, HDSL, HDSL-2, G.SHDSL, IDSL, and VDSL). Digital Subscriber Line Introduction Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) technology is a modem technology that uses existing twisted-pair telephone lines to transport high-bandwidth data, such as multimedia and video, to service subscribers. The term xDSL covers a number of similar yet competing forms of DSL technologies, including ADSL, SDSL, HDSL, HDSL-2, G.SHDL, IDSL, and VDSL. xDSL is drawing significant attention from implementers and service providers because it promises to deliver high-bandwidth data rates to dispersed locations with relatively small changes to the existing telco infrastructure. xDSL services are dedicated, point-to-point, public network access over twisted-pair copper wire on the local loop (last mile) between a network service provider’s (NSP) central office and the customer site, or on local loops created either intrabuilding or intracampus. Currently, most DSL deployments are ADSL, mainly delivered to residential customers. This chapter focus mainly on defining ADSL. Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) technology is asymmetric. It allows more bandwidth downstream—from an NSP’s central office to the customer site—than upstream from the subscriber to the central office. This asymmetry, combined with always-on access (which eliminates call setup), makes ADSL ideal for Internet/intranet surfing, video-on-demand, and remote LAN access. Users of these applications typically download much more information than they send. -
GLOSSARY of Telecommunications Terms List of Abbreviations for Telecommunications Terms
GLOSSARY of Telecommunications Terms List of Abbreviations for Telecommunications Terms AAL – ATM Adaptation Layer ADPCM – Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation ADSL – Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line AIN – Advanced Intelligent Network ALI – Automatic Location Information AMA - Automatic Message Accounting ANI – Automatic Number Identification ANSI –American National Standards Institute API – Applications Programming Interface ATM – Asychronous Transfer Mode BHCA – Busy Hour Call Attempts BHCC – Busy Hour Call Completions B-ISDN – Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network B-ISUP – Broadband ISDN User’s Part BLV – Busy Line Verification BNS – Billed Number Screening BRI – Basic Rate Interface CAC – Carrier Access Code CCS – Centi Call Seconds CCV – Calling Card Validation CDR – Call Detail Record CIC – Circuit Identification Code CLASS – Custom Local Area Signaling CLEC – Competitive Local Exchange Carrier CO – Central Office CPE – Customer Provided/Premise Equipment CPN – Called Party Number CTI – Computer Telephony Intergration DLC – Digital Loop Carrier System DN – Directory Number DSL – Digital Subscriber Line DSLAM – Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer DSP – Digital Signal Processor DTMF – Dual Tone Multi-Frequency ESS – Electronic Switching System ETSI - European Telecommunications Standards Institute GAP – Generic Address Parameter GT – Global Title GTT – Global Title Translations HFC – Hybrid Fiber Coax IAD – Integrated Access Device IAM – Initial Address Message ICP – Integrated Communications Provider ILEC -
Glossary of Terminology
Glossary of Broadband Terminology This glossary was compiled by Ray Elseth of Broadband Development 3 (http://www.bbd3.com) and Thomas Asp of Virchow Krause (http://virchowkrause.com), and is a supplement to “Broadband Access: The Local Government Role” by Thomas Asp, Harvey L. Reiter, Jerry Schulz, and Ronald L. Vaden (IQ Report 36, no. 2 [Washington, D.C.: ICMA, 2004]). 802.11 A family of specifications covering wireless connectivity between devices normally located within 100’ to 300’ of each other. Often referred to as Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN). Most common implementation is 802.11b (see Wi- Fi), but 802.11a and 802.11g are also in active use. 802.15 A family of specifications covering wireless connectivity between devices normally located within 10’ to 30’ of each other. Often referred to as Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN). Implemented as “Bluetooth.” 802.16 A family of specifications covering wireless connectivity between devices normally located within 1 to 30 miles of each other. Often referred to as Wireless Metropolitan Area Network (WMAN). Access Point (AP) A hardware device that acts as a connectivity hub to permit users of a wireless device to connect to a wired local area network. Provides a bridge between Ethernet wired LANs (local area networks) and the wireless network. Access points are the connectivity point between Ethernet wired networks and devices equipped with a wireless LAN adapter card. Antenna The equipment that allows the transmission or reception of radio frequency energy. Asynchronous Digital A technology that allows high-speed data to be sent over a Subscriber Line single pair of existing copper telephone lines, with data rates (ADSL) for receiving data differing from data rates for sending data. -
QUESTION 20-1/2 Examination of Access Technologies for Broadband Communications
International Telecommunication Union QUESTION 20-1/2 Examination of access technologies for broadband communications ITU-D STUDY GROUP 2 3rd STUDY PERIOD (2002-2006) Report on broadband access technologies eport on broadband access technologies QUESTION 20-1/2 R International Telecommunication Union ITU-D THE STUDY GROUPS OF ITU-D The ITU-D Study Groups were set up in accordance with Resolutions 2 of the World Tele- communication Development Conference (WTDC) held in Buenos Aires, Argentina, in 1994. For the period 2002-2006, Study Group 1 is entrusted with the study of seven Questions in the field of telecommunication development strategies and policies. Study Group 2 is entrusted with the study of eleven Questions in the field of development and management of telecommunication services and networks. For this period, in order to respond as quickly as possible to the concerns of developing countries, instead of being approved during the WTDC, the output of each Question is published as and when it is ready. For further information: Please contact Ms Alessandra PILERI Telecommunication Development Bureau (BDT) ITU Place des Nations CH-1211 GENEVA 20 Switzerland Telephone: +41 22 730 6698 Fax: +41 22 730 5484 E-mail: [email protected] Free download: www.itu.int/ITU-D/study_groups/index.html Electronic Bookshop of ITU: www.itu.int/publications © ITU 2006 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU. International Telecommunication Union QUESTION 20-1/2 Examination of access technologies for broadband communications ITU-D STUDY GROUP 2 3rd STUDY PERIOD (2002-2006) Report on broadband access technologies DISCLAIMER This report has been prepared by many volunteers from different Administrations and companies. -
Wireless WAN Branches Rely on LTE & 5G First
Wireless WAN Branches Rely on LTE & 5G First In branch stores and offices, wired connectivity isn’t agile enough. Enterprises that can’t function without access to laptops, printers, IoT devices, and cloud applications have been embracing a cellular-driven approach to maximize connection reliability and flexibility. The new standard is the Wireless WAN Branch, which puts LTE and 5G first and is delivered through all-in-one, cloud-managed wireless edge routers. of organizations are investigating business cases and defining use cases or service portfolios based on 5G. — Infosys The Requirements of Today’s Connection-Reliant Branches Integrated Our financial planning offices require flexible WAN capabilities, as well as the ability to protect sensitive client information with a small IT Security team. We require an all-in-one solution that provides the security features we need to comply with wide-ranging regulations. During emergencies, we must be ready to set up a temporary Hybrid WAN command center at a moment’s notice. Pop-up cellular solutions allow us to focus on protecting the community and our officers Flexibility instead of worrying about where the nearest cable plug-in is located. Management With restaurants in every state, it’s impossible to send an IT specialist to address every issue. To troubleshoot, push out security updates, or From change a configuration, we use a cloud-based network management Anywhere system. We monitor locations nationwide from easy-to-read dashboards. It’s the only way to manage such a large network. Our clinics must have excellent Wi-Fi coverage for doctors and High- nurses to use technologies and access patient data anywhere in the building. -
Iot Systems Overview
IoT systems overview CoE Training on Traffic engineering and advanced wireless network planning Sami TABBANE 30 September -03 October 2019 Bangkok, Thailand 1 Objectives •Present the different IoT systems and their classifications 2 Summary I. Introduction II. IoT Technologies A. Fixed & Short Range B. Long Range technologies 1. Non 3GPP Standards (LPWAN) 2. 3GPP Standards IoT Specificities versus Cellular IoT communications are or should be: Low cost , Low power , Long battery duration , High number of connections , Low bitrate , Long range , Low processing capacity , Low storage capacity , Small size devices , Relaxed latency , Simple network architecture and protocols . IoT Main Characteristics Low power , Low cost (network and end devices), Short range (first type of technologies) or Long range (second type of technologies), Low bit rate (≠ broadband!), Long battery duration (years), Located in any area (deep indoor, desert, urban areas, moving vehicles …) Low cost 3GPP Rel.8 Cost 75% 3GPP Rel.8 CAT-4 20% 3GPP Rel.13 CAT-1 10% 3GPP Rel.13 CAT-M1 NB IoT Complexity Extended coverage +20dB +15 dB GPRS CAT-M1 NB-IoT IoT Specificities IoT Specificities and Impacts on Network planning and design Characteristics Impact • High sensitivity (Gateways and end-devices with a typical sensitivity around -150 dBm/-125 dBm with Bluetooth/-95 dBm in 2G/3G/4G) Low power and • Low frequencies strong signal penetration Wide Range • Narrow band carriers far greater range of reception • +14 dBm (ETSI in Europe) with the exception of the G3 band with +27 dBm, +30 dBm but for most devices +20 dBm is sufficient (USA) • Low gateways cost Low deployment • Wide range Extended coverage + strong signal penetration and Operational (deep indoor, Rural) Costs • Low numbers of gateways Link budget: UL: 155 dB (or better), DL: Link budget: 153 dB (or better) • Low Power Long Battery life • Idle mode most of the time. -
Cable Versus Dsl
53-10-60 DATA COMMUNICATIONS MANAGEMENT CABLE VERSUS DSL John R. Vacca INSIDE DSL; Cable Modems; ADSL; CDSL; G.Lite; HDSL; IDSL; RADSL; SDSL; VDSL; POTS; DSL and Cable Modem Rollouts; High-Speed Data Entry; Buying DSL Service; Installing DSL; Security Problems, Residential Users, Telecommuters, DSL System Components; DSL Network; DSL Hubs INTRODUCTION Internet access via cable modem has become available in many residen- tial areas over the past few years. Cable has the capacity to transmit data at speeds as fast as Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) when configured prop- erly and under optimal conditions. Due to the fact that cable lines are not available in the vast majority of commercial districts, cable does not com- pete with DSL in the enterprise market at all, in most cases. Cable was designed for residential use, and in some cases may be a cost-effective solution for residential high-bandwidth Internet access. Therefore, the challenge of cable versus DSL is primarily in the residential and telecom- muter markets. With that in mind, and before continuing with the theme of this article (cable vs. DSL), one can take a look at the technology issues first, and then some basic terminology. TECHNOLOGY ISSUES What is DSL? How does it work? What are the types of DSL? These are some of the questions this article will surely answer; as well as some of the pros and cons of the use of cable modems versus DSL. PAYOFF IDEA The article discusses the current state of cable DSL: What Is It? modem access versus DSL. It also examines how In essence, by using the existing tele- prevalent cable modem and DSL services are in major U.S. -
Digital Subscriber Lines and Cable Modems Digital Subscriber Lines and Cable Modems
Digital Subscriber Lines and Cable Modems Digital Subscriber Lines and Cable Modems Paul Sabatino, [email protected] This paper details the impact of new advances in residential broadband networking, including ADSL, HDSL, VDSL, RADSL, cable modems. History as well as future trends of these technologies are also addressed. OtherReports on Recent Advances in Networking Back to Raj Jain's Home Page Table of Contents ● 1. Introduction ● 2. DSL Technologies ❍ 2.1 ADSL ■ 2.1.1 Competing Standards ■ 2.1.2 Trends ❍ 2.2 HDSL ❍ 2.3 SDSL ❍ 2.4 VDSL ❍ 2.5 RADSL ❍ 2.6 DSL Comparison Chart ● 3. Cable Modems ❍ 3.1 IEEE 802.14 ❍ 3.2 Model of Operation ● 4. Future Trends ❍ 4.1 Current Trials ● 5. Summary ● 6. Glossary ● 7. References http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/~jain/cis788-97/rbb/index.htm (1 of 14) [2/7/2000 10:59:54 AM] Digital Subscriber Lines and Cable Modems 1. Introduction The widespread use of the Internet and especially the World Wide Web have opened up a need for high bandwidth network services that can be brought directly to subscriber's homes. These services would provide the needed bandwidth to surf the web at lightning fast speeds and allow new technologies such as video conferencing and video on demand. Currently, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) and Cable modem technologies look to be the most cost effective and practical methods of delivering broadband network services to the masses. <-- Back to Table of Contents 2. DSL Technologies Digital Subscriber Line A Digital Subscriber Line makes use of the current copper infrastructure to supply broadband services. -
Glossary of Communications Terms for Relay Engineers
Glossary of Communications Terms For Relay Engineers A Working Group Report from the H14 WG Of the H – Relaying Communications Subcommittee May 2008 Participants Roger Ray, Chairman Ray Young, Vice Chairman Marc Benou Oscar Bolado Jim Huddelston Stan Klein Ken Martin John Miller Tim Phillippe Mark Simon Mal Swanson Disclaimer This document has been prepared in order to give the Protective Relay Engineer an insight and understanding of communication terms that they may encounter in their work. It is not meant to be a substitute for or replace the IEEE Dictionary. Glossary of Communications Terms For Relay Engineers AAL - ATM Adaptation Layer The standards layer that allows multiple applications to have data converted to and from the ATM cell. A protocol used that translates higher layer services into the size and format of an ATM cell. ACCUNET Switched 56 An AT&T digital service providing switched (dialup) digital service at 56 Kbps. ACCUNET T1.5 An AT&T tariffed data oriented digital service that provides leased end-to-end customer premises terminated T-1 links. ACCUNET T1.5 Reserved A disaster recovery service whereby a switched 1.544 Mbps link is available between COs and is activated when AT&T is notified of the T-1 link failure. ACCUNET T45 An AT&T tariffed service that provides 45 Mbps, DS3 service which can carry 28 T-1 connections (672 voice channels). ACD - Automatic Call Distributor A telephone facility that manages incoming calls and handles them based on the number called and an associated database of handling instructions. ADPCM - Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation A speech coding method which uses fewer bits than the traditional PCM (Pulse Code Modulation). -
AT&T and Cradlepoint Deliver One of the First and the Most
AT&T and Cradlepoint Deliver One of the First and the Most Comprehensive Portfolio of Enterprise-Tailored 5G Solutions in the U.S. Expanding Current Offerings with IT-Focused 5G Enterprise Solutions for Branch and Mobile Dallas, Texas, and Boise, Idaho – April 27, 2021 – AT&T (NYSE:T) and Cradlepoint are expanding their joint network offerings with one of the first and the most comprehensive portfolio of 5G solutions in the U.S. using AT&T Wireless Broadband – the first nationwide business-focused broadband network with 5G coverage to over 230 million people in 14,000 cities and towns. The new solutions combine clean-slate-designed Cradlepoint 5G wideband adapters and routers, and its NetCloud Service, with AT&T's nationwide wireless broadband network, data plans, and an AT&T management option for Cradlepoint devices. Together with AT&T Wireless Broadband, these comprehensive, enterprise-tailored 5G solutions give businesses the flexibility to choose the solution, speed, quality of service, and management structure that fits their needs, with no overage charges. Built for 5G, Built for I.T. When it comes to 5G wireless wide-area network (Wireless WAN) connectivity, enterprises want more than just a simple work-from-home solution and one-size-fits-all data plans. They want to support a broad set of branch and mobile use cases. They need increased end-to-end security and the tools to manage the entire Wireless WAN lifecycle – from deployment to daily operations – or to use an AT&T-managed service to do it for them. Together, AT&T and Cradlepoint offer a comprehensive portfolio of end-to-end 5G solutions in the U.S. -
Mesh Wide Area Network 4300 Series
Mesh Wide Area Network 4300 Series Doubles the Flexibility of Municipal WiFi and Enterprise Networks The Mesh Wide Area Network (MWAN) 4300 solution is a powerful, next- generation, two radio meshed network. Part of Motorola’s leading-edge wireless broadband portfolio of products, it’s designed to give providers of high-speed public access and public safety networks the flexibility needed to meet performance, capacity and ROI goals. Meet Your Business Case by Increasing Your Capacity, Throughput and Profitability Motorola’s mesh networking technology enables users Compact Size. to wirelessly access broadband applications seamlessly - Weighing less than five pounds, the compact virtually any time and anywhere. Whether providing wireless MWAN 4300 system nodes deliver mounting access to a campus, municipality or residential neighborhood, location possibilities that other larger units can’t Motorola’s MWAN 4300 solution delivers real-time data to match. MWAN 4300 nodes can be installed in a employees, customers or constituents. Mesh networking wide range of locations, including light and utility technology significantly reduces the backhaul costs of wide poles, traffic signals, buildings and more. Slim, scale networks and leverages millions of WiFi enabled aesthetically pleasing designs and low profiles devices already deployed globally. The high performance also help gain community acceptance. MWAN 4300 solution is designed to meet strict cost per Support for Standards- square mile and ROI (return on investment) targets. Easy to Deploy. Based Voice and Video The lightweight and small form factor means Applications. Mesh Wide Area Networks MWAN 4300 networks are designed for the demanding mesh wide area nodes are easy to handle. -
FROM Cable Advisory Committee TO: Truro BOS and Town Administration January 2011 Municipal Area Network and Open Cape in Truro
FROM Cable Advisory Committee TO: Truro BOS and Town Administration January 2011 Municipal Area Network and Open Cape in Truro: Background information, Definitions, Questions Introduction: This document was prepared by Mike Forgione of the Cable Committee to provide background to town officials and to begin to frame the issues as we prepare for Open Cape’s bringing additional high-speed Internet connections to Truro. Executive Summary During the past year we have heard about the technical terms of Municipal Area Network, I-nets, the Internet and World Wide Web. Along the way, we heard Comcast Broadband service and Open Cape. To make things worse, we heard about Dial-up Service, Digital Subscriber Lines (DSL), Cable Modem Internet, Satellite Internet, Broadband over Power Line, Wireless Networks and 3G/4G wireless. What are these things? Why and when do I need them? What do they do? Below is our attempt to address this very complex and technical topic. Our goal in this document is NOT to make a decision on what Truro needs. Our goals are: 1. To provide an understanding of Networks and the Internet. This understanding will assist us in our decision of a Municipal Area Network for Truro. 2. To begin the discussion of how we can effectively utilize Open Cape to lower the operation cost of Truro’s Information needs. Based on current plans, Open Cape will be fully deployed within the next 3 to 5 years. How will it change Truro? To help simplify these concepts, we will use the example of road system. The US road system, with its local roads, Intrastate highway and Interstate highway offer a good ―real-life‖ example of networks.